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High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3531227
Mauro Di Nardo;Gianvito Gallicchio;Francesco Cupertino;Marco Palmieri;Mohammad Reza Ilkhani;Michele Degano;Chris Gerada
This article presents a comprehensive comparison of high-speed synchronous machines, encompassing synchronous reluctance, its permanent magnet variant, and surface permanent magnet synchronous motors. The evaluation of their maximum performance capabilities employs a hybrid analytical-finite element design procedure able to address electromagnetic, thermal, and structural requirements simultaneously. Indeed, the adopted design methodology takes into account all the machines nonlinearities, while also including the limitations introduced by the iron ribs of the reluctance machine, retaining sleeve of the surface permanent magnet machine and increasing iron losses. The aim of the outlined design exercise is to evaluate the effect of different design specifications on the maximum achievable performance of the three machine topologies. A wide range of maximum design speeds, airgap thicknesses, and cooling system capabilities has been assessed showing when and why one motor type outperforms the others. The cooling system capability increment required by the reluctance-based machines to achieve the performance of the surface permanent magnet one has been systematically quantified. The design assumptions have been verified by a thermal analysis supporting the final machine selection. Three different machines designed with a maximum speed of 80 kr/min have been prototyped and tested on an instrumented test rig, validating all the design considerations.
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Industry Applications Society Information IEEE工业应用学会信息
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3511055
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引用次数: 0
Advanced Online State-of-Health Prediction and Monitoring of Na-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Application
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3527721
D. Pelosi;L. Trombetti;F. Gallorini;P. A. Ottaviano;L. Barelli
Na-ion batteries are growing interest due to their sustainability and low cost. A wide implementation in stationary applications, but also for short range transportation, is envisaged. This is further supported by the recent progress on Na-ion cells with increased energy density. To this regards, the development of procedures for real-time assessment of batteries state of health is of crucial relevance. The present paper provides an innovative procedure to assess sodium-ion battery capacity fading based on the application of discrete wavelet transform to voltage signals, acquired once a certain load pattern is applied at the battery terminals. The procedure development is provided through Na-ion cell aging test. During all the test battery capacity measurements are carried out. Root mean square error (RMSE) between assessed and measured values equals 1.18%. Moreover, during the aging test significant differences between performance evolution of Na-ion and NCR Li-ion cells are highlighted and discussed.
{"title":"Advanced Online State-of-Health Prediction and Monitoring of Na-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles Application","authors":"D. Pelosi;L. Trombetti;F. Gallorini;P. A. Ottaviano;L. Barelli","doi":"10.1109/OJIA.2025.3527721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3527721","url":null,"abstract":"Na-ion batteries are growing interest due to their sustainability and low cost. A wide implementation in stationary applications, but also for short range transportation, is envisaged. This is further supported by the recent progress on Na-ion cells with increased energy density. To this regards, the development of procedures for real-time assessment of batteries state of health is of crucial relevance. The present paper provides an innovative procedure to assess sodium-ion battery capacity fading based on the application of discrete wavelet transform to voltage signals, acquired once a certain load pattern is applied at the battery terminals. The procedure development is provided through Na-ion cell aging test. During all the test battery capacity measurements are carried out. Root mean square error (RMSE) between assessed and measured values equals 1.18%. Moreover, during the aging test significant differences between performance evolution of Na-ion and NCR Li-ion cells are highlighted and discussed.","PeriodicalId":100629,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications","volume":"6 ","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10834587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Continuous Sliding Mode Current Control Based on the Sensitivity Theory for PMSM Drives
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3526628
Elia Brescia;Massimo Tipaldi;Francesco Torelli;Paolo Roberto Massenio;Luigi Pio Savastio;Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella;Enrico De Tuglie
Sliding mode controllers (SMCs) are commonly used in permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) for current control due to their robustness and simplicity. However, high gains used in traditional discontinuous SMC implementations can induce chattering. To address this, disturbance observers are employed to maintain robustness without resorting to high gains. This article introduces a novel continuous asymptotic SMC method for PMSM currents that avoids the need for disturbance observers, resulting in reduced complexity and tuning efforts. The control laws of the two $dq$-axes currents are obtained through the sensitivity of the tracking errors with respect to the controller outputs. The robustness and convergence properties of the proposed control laws are theoretically studied using the Lyapunov approach. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate the performance and robustness of the proposed controller, followed by experiments to compare it to a discontinuous terminal SMC with and without a disturbance observer. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller that ensures fast convergence, low chattering, and high robustness to parameter variations without requiring the design of additional disturbance observers.
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引用次数: 0
Disturbance Robust Generalized Predictive Control Applied to an EV Charger Grid Converter
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2025.3525771
Jefferson S. Costa;Angelo Lunard;Luís F. Normandia Lourenço;Lucas Rodrigues;Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho
Electric vehicles (EVs) are the best solution to tackle the critical challenge of reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector. However, the widespread adoption of EVs relies on advancing fast-charging infrastructure technology. This includes overcoming challenges related to operating under disturbed conditions, which can impact the stability of the internal control loop. This article presents a method for robustly tuning a generalized predictive control (GPC) for an EV charger grid converter. This approach aims to enhance its performance in the face of disturbances in the grid voltage and internal filter parameters. One significant scientific gap in applying GPC in grid-tied converters concerns systematic tuning. This article addresses this gap by explicitly analyzing the impact of tuning on the stability and robustness of the GPC controller. The concept of robust stability margin, derived from singular value decomposition, is used for this purpose. Experimental results obtained from an EV charger prototype validated the tuning proposal aimed at maximizing the robustness and performance of the grid converter. The tests with different internal filters guaranteed a performance level within the defined error band. Furthermore, experimental tests have shown that the proposed controller is more robust than conventional MPC.
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引用次数: 0
Cooperative UAV Scheduling for Power Grid Deicing Using Fuzzy Learning and Evolutionary Optimization 基于模糊学习和进化优化的电网除冰无人机协同调度
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3522072
Yu-Jun Zheng;Zhi-Yuan Zhang;Jia-Yu Yan;Wei-Guo Sheng
Icing is one of the most serious threats to power grid security in cold seasons. This article studies a problem of cooperatively scheduling inspection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and deicing UAVs for power grid deicing, the aim of which is to minimize the total expected loss of outages and collapses caused by the icing disaster. Uncertain outage risk, collapse risk, and deicing workload of each power line are modeled as fuzzy values predicted by fuzzy deep learning models, and we transform the fuzzy optimization problem into a crisp optimization problem based on fuzzy arithmetics and uncertain theory. We propose an evolutionary algorithm, which combines global search without individual interaction and adaptive local search that uses a fuzzy inference system to determine the operator to be applied on each solution. The algorithm is fully parallelizable and therefore can solve the problem very efficiently based on GPU parallel acceleration. Computational results on real-world problem instances validate the performance of the proposed method compared to the state of the arts.
冰冻是寒冷季节电网安全面临的最严重威胁之一。本文研究了电网除冰过程中巡检无人机与除冰无人机协同调度的问题,以最大限度地降低因结冰灾害造成的停电和崩溃的总预期损失。将每条电力线的不确定停电风险、崩溃风险和除冰负荷建模为模糊深度学习模型预测的模糊值,将模糊优化问题转化为基于模糊算法和不确定理论的清晰优化问题。我们提出了一种进化算法,该算法结合了无个体交互的全局搜索和使用模糊推理系统确定每个解上应用的算子的自适应局部搜索。该算法是完全可并行的,因此可以非常有效地解决基于GPU并行加速的问题。在实际问题实例上的计算结果验证了所提方法的性能。
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引用次数: 0
LArcNet: Lightweight Neural Network for Real-Time Series AC Arc Fault Detection
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3522364
Kamal Chandra Paul;Chen Chen;Yao Wang;Tiefu Zhao
Detecting series ac arc faults in diverse residential loads is challenging due to variations in load characteristics and noise. While traditional artificial intelligence-based algorithms can be effective, they often involve high computational complexity, limiting their real-time implementation on resource-constrained edge devices. This article introduces lightweight arc fault detection network (LArcNet), a novel, lightweight, and rapid-response algorithm for series ac arc fault detection. LArcNet combines a teacher–student knowledge distillation approach with an efficient convolutional neural network architecture to achieve high accuracy with minimal computational demand. This streamlined yet robust design makes LArcNet ideally suited for resource-constrained embedded systems, achieving an arc fault detection accuracy of 99.31%. The model is optimized and converted into TensorFlow Lite format to reduce size and latency, enabling deployment on low-power embedded devices such as the Raspberry Pi and the STM32 microcontrollers. Test results demonstrate LArcNet's inference times of just 0.20 ms on the Raspberry Pi 4B and 3 ms on the STM32H743ZI2, surpassing other leading models in operational speed while maintaining competitive accuracy in arc fault detection.
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引用次数: 0
State-of-the-Art of CSR Design for Novel Applications Trend 面向新应用趋势的企业社会责任设计研究进展
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3522564
Valdecir J. De Paris;Marco di Benedetto;Gierri Waltrich;Alessandro Lidozzi;Luca Solero
Among the converters currently employed for ac–dc conversion, diode rectifiers (DRs) and voltage source rectifiers are the most prevalent due to their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. However, current source rectifiers (CSRs) present several advantages, such as short-circuit protection, step-down capabilities, minimal output current ripple, and the elimination of dc bus capacitors. These features can lead to a reduction in overall size and an enhancement in power quality, although CSRs are often associated with higher conversion losses. Recent advancements in applications that can leverage the benefits of CSRs, along with the development of new devices to improve their efficiency, have produced renewed interest in this configuration. This article aims to review the design parameters of CSR components, modulation schemes, and control strategies, while also conducting a loss analysis using both established literature methods and innovative approaches developed by the authors. In addition, a comparison with other topologies is presented, illustrating that in certain applications and conditions, CSRs can be a compelling choice. Thus, rather than focusing on a specific aspect of CSRs, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, offering practical insights for engineers.
在目前用于交直流转换的变流器中,二极管整流器(dr)和电压源整流器因其易于使用,成本效益和效率而最流行。然而,电流源整流器(CSRs)有几个优点,如短路保护,降压能力,最小的输出电流纹波,以及消除直流母线电容器。这些特性可以减小总体尺寸并提高电源质量,尽管csr通常伴随着更高的转换损耗。可以利用csr优势的应用程序的最新进展,以及提高其效率的新设备的开发,使人们对这种配置重新产生了兴趣。本文旨在回顾CSR组件的设计参数、调制方案和控制策略,同时使用现有文献方法和作者开发的创新方法进行损耗分析。此外,还介绍了与其他拓扑的比较,说明在某些应用程序和条件下,csr可能是一个引人注目的选择。因此,本文不是关注csr的特定方面,而是提供了该主题的全面概述,为工程师提供了实用的见解。
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引用次数: 0
IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications Information for Authors 面向作者的IEEE工业应用信息开放期刊
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3511057
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引用次数: 0
Priority-Based DC-Link Voltage Control for Railway Traction Chains With Onboard Energy Storage 基于优先级的车载储能铁路牵引链直流电压控制
IF 7.9 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1109/OJIA.2024.3501072
Saad Ahmad;Mariam Saeed;Juan Manuel Guerrero;Iker Muniategui-Aspiazu;Guillermo Nuñez;Igor Larrazabal;Fernando Briz
Due to the rapid development of power electronics and energy storage technologies, the trend toward electrified railway systems with onboard energy storage systems (OESS) is being followed by main train manufactures. In such systems, the control of the dc-link can be critical for stability and optimal power sharing between different energy sources. This paper presents a dc-link control strategy intended for OESS-based traction chains. A distinguishing characteristic of the proposed method is its ability to smoothly share the power demand among the available power sources, including the kinetic energy of the train, based on predefined priority levels. The control smoothly reacts to changes in the power limits, including no power, of the available energy sources, without modifying the control structure and with negligible variations of dc-link voltage. Simulation results are provided using a real train model with an onboard battery system. Finally, the proposed control is validated on a hardware prototype.
由于电力电子技术和储能技术的快速发展,主要列车制造商正在追随带有车载储能系统(OESS)的电气化铁路系统的趋势。在这样的系统中,直流链路的控制对于不同能源之间的稳定性和最佳功率共享至关重要。本文提出了一种基于oess的牵引链直流控制策略。该方法的一个显著特点是它能够基于预定义的优先级平滑地在可用的动力源之间共享电力需求,包括列车的动能。该控制平滑地响应功率限制的变化,包括可用能源的无功率,而不修改控制结构,直流链路电压的变化可以忽略不计。以实际列车模型和车载电池系统为例,给出了仿真结果。最后,在硬件样机上对所提出的控制方法进行了验证。
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IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications
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