The construction of the future energy structure of China under the 2050 carbon-neutral vision requires compact direct current (DC) gas-insulation equipment as important nodes and solutions to support electric power transmission and distribution of long-distance and large-capacity. This paper reviews China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment. Important progresses in basic research and industry perspective are presented, with related scientific issues and technical bottlenecks being discussed. The progress in DC gas-insulated equipment worldwide (Europe, Japan, America) is also reported briefly.
{"title":"China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective","authors":"Chuanyang Li;Changhong Zhang;Jinzhuang Lv;Fangwei Liang;Zuodong Liang;Xianhao Fan;Uwe Riechert;Zhen Li;Peng Liu;Jianyi Xue;Cheng Pan;Geng Chen;Lei Zhang;Zheming Wang;Wu Lu;Hucheng Liang;Zijun Pan;Weijian Zhuang;Giovanni Mazzanti;Davide Fabiani;Bo Liu;Shaohua Cao;Jianying Zhong;Yuan Deng;Zhenle Nan;Jingen Tang;Jinliang He","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0050","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of the future energy structure of China under the 2050 carbon-neutral vision requires compact direct current (DC) gas-insulation equipment as important nodes and solutions to support electric power transmission and distribution of long-distance and large-capacity. This paper reviews China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment. Important progresses in basic research and industry perspective are presented, with related scientific issues and technical bottlenecks being discussed. The progress in DC gas-insulated equipment worldwide (Europe, Japan, America) is also reported briefly.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"400-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007898.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Chinese government has set long-term goals for carbon neutrality and the development of renewable energy (RE). Despite the expected precipitous decline in the costs of RE technologies, the necessary massive investments in new RE capacities and the external costs of renewable intermittency will increase electricity costs. A group of researchers from Tsinghua University and Harvard University have developed a power system expansion model to comprehensively evaluate how a 30-year transition to carbon neutrality will affect these electricity supply costs. This model incorporates RE supply curves, operating security constraints, and the characteristics of various generation units to assess the cost variations accurately [1] .
{"title":"How a 30-year transition to carbon neutrality will affect the electricity supply costs?","authors":"Daniel Kirschen","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0019","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese government has set long-term goals for carbon neutrality and the development of renewable energy (RE). Despite the expected precipitous decline in the costs of RE technologies, the necessary massive investments in new RE capacities and the external costs of renewable intermittency will increase electricity costs. A group of researchers from Tsinghua University and Harvard University have developed a power system expansion model to comprehensively evaluate how a 30-year transition to carbon neutrality will affect these electricity supply costs. This model incorporates RE supply curves, operating security constraints, and the characteristics of various generation units to assess the cost variations accurately\u0000<sup>[1]</sup>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"391-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007881.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50425719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingrui Li;Yingdong Wei;Yunzhi Lin;Xiaoqian Li;Chao Lu;Changle Wang;Zhanhe Li
Continuous co-phase traction power system is an effective method to eliminate neutral sections and provide high quality power for both the public grid and the catenary. The substations have the ability to provide cooperative support to each other to reduce capacity and improve system reliability. A fast power control method for substations is needed due to rapid load changes and low overload capability of the system. This paper proposes a fast power control method based on high-speed communication between substations, with additional transient power control to significantly improve the dynamic response of the system.
{"title":"A fast power control method based on high-speed communication for the continuous co-phase traction power system","authors":"Mingrui Li;Yingdong Wei;Yunzhi Lin;Xiaoqian Li;Chao Lu;Changle Wang;Zhanhe Li","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0054","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous co-phase traction power system is an effective method to eliminate neutral sections and provide high quality power for both the public grid and the catenary. The substations have the ability to provide cooperative support to each other to reduce capacity and improve system reliability. A fast power control method for substations is needed due to rapid load changes and low overload capability of the system. This paper proposes a fast power control method based on high-speed communication between substations, with additional transient power control to significantly improve the dynamic response of the system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"395-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007876.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are at dawn of a new era - an era where multiple strong market and technological transformations have called for reexamination of our current electric grid. It has opened the door for new thinking about the existing grid. People have been talking about the “grid of the future” for a few years now. What should this grid look like? What should be in it and why [1] ? And how do we get there?
{"title":"Role of power electronics in Grid 3.0","authors":"Richard Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0052","url":null,"abstract":"We are at dawn of a new era - an era where multiple strong market and technological transformations have called for reexamination of our current electric grid. It has opened the door for new thinking about the existing grid. People have been talking about the “grid of the future” for a few years now. What should this grid look like? What should be in it and why\u0000<sup>[1]</sup>\u0000? And how do we get there?","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Li;Mingzhen Liu;Meicheng Li;Hyesung Park;Nripan Mathews;Yabing Qi;Xiaodan Zhang;Henk J. Bolink;Karl Leo;Michael Graetzel;Chenyi Yi
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology, charge transport layer (CTL) optimization, and encapsulation technology. Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and a 25.7% certified efficiency has been achieved. Vacuum vapor deposition protocols were less studied, but have nevertheless received increasing attention from industry and academia due to the great potential for large-area module fabrication, facile integration with tandem solar cell architectures, and compatibility with industrial manufacturing approaches. In this article, we systematically discuss the applications of several promising vacuum vapor deposition techniques, namely thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporation) in the fabrication of CTLs, perovskite absorbers, encapsulants, and connection layers for monolithic tandem solar cells.
{"title":"Applications of vacuum vapor deposition for perovskite solar cells: A progress review","authors":"Hang Li;Mingzhen Liu;Meicheng Li;Hyesung Park;Nripan Mathews;Yabing Qi;Xiaodan Zhang;Henk J. Bolink;Karl Leo;Michael Graetzel;Chenyi Yi","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made substantial progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in the past decade thanks to the advancements in perovskite deposition methodology, charge transport layer (CTL) optimization, and encapsulation technology. Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and a 25.7% certified efficiency has been achieved. Vacuum vapor deposition protocols were less studied, but have nevertheless received increasing attention from industry and academia due to the great potential for large-area module fabrication, facile integration with tandem solar cell architectures, and compatibility with industrial manufacturing approaches. In this article, we systematically discuss the applications of several promising vacuum vapor deposition techniques, namely thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporation) in the fabrication of CTLs, perovskite absorbers, encapsulants, and connection layers for monolithic tandem solar cells.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"434-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2022 International Green Energy Summit (also known as The 14th China-US Green Energy Summit) was successfully held on December 2–4, 2022. Facing the urgent need to tackle the climate crisis, the world's top scientists and energy leaders from the United States, China, and Europe gathered to discuss ideas, methods, and paths for achieving carbon neutrality and promoting international cooperation.
{"title":"The 2022 International Green Energy Summit called for technology innovation and international cooperation for achieving carbon neutrality","authors":"Qi Wang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0051","url":null,"abstract":"The 2022 International Green Energy Summit (also known as The 14th China-US Green Energy Summit) was successfully held on December 2–4, 2022. Facing the urgent need to tackle the climate crisis, the world's top scientists and energy leaders from the United States, China, and Europe gathered to discuss ideas, methods, and paths for achieving carbon neutrality and promoting international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"385-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relative permittivity is one of the essential parameters determines the physical polarization behaviors of the nanocomposite dielectrics in many applications, particularly for capacitive energy storage. Predicting the relative permittivity of particle/polymer nanocomposites from the microstructure is of great significance. However, the classical effective medium theory and physics-based numerical calculation represented by finite element method are time-consuming and cumbersome for complex structures and nonlinear problem. The work explores a novel architecture combining the convolutional neural network (ConvNet) and finite element method (FEM) to predict the relative permittivity of nanocomposite dielectrics with incorporated barium titanite (BT) particles in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The ConvNet was trained and evaluated on big datasets with 14266 training data and 3514 testing data generated form a programmatic algorithm. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the trained network can efficiently provide an accurate agreement between the ConvNet model and FEM by virtue of the significant evaluation metrics $R^{2}$ , which reaches as high as 0.9783 and 0.9375 on training and testing data, respectively. The strong universality of the presented method allows for an extension to fast and accurately predict other properties of the nanocomposite dielectrics.
{"title":"Prediction on the relative permittivity of energy storage composite dielectrics using convolutional neural networks: A fast and accurate alternative to finite-element method","authors":"Shao-Long Zhong;Di-Fan Liu;Lei Huang;Yong-Xin Zhang;Qi Dong;Zhi-Min Dang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0049","url":null,"abstract":"The relative permittivity is one of the essential parameters determines the physical polarization behaviors of the nanocomposite dielectrics in many applications, particularly for capacitive energy storage. Predicting the relative permittivity of particle/polymer nanocomposites from the microstructure is of great significance. However, the classical effective medium theory and physics-based numerical calculation represented by finite element method are time-consuming and cumbersome for complex structures and nonlinear problem. The work explores a novel architecture combining the convolutional neural network (ConvNet) and finite element method (FEM) to predict the relative permittivity of nanocomposite dielectrics with incorporated barium titanite (BT) particles in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The ConvNet was trained and evaluated on big datasets with 14266 training data and 3514 testing data generated form a programmatic algorithm. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the trained network can efficiently provide an accurate agreement between the ConvNet model and FEM by virtue of the significant evaluation metrics \u0000<tex>$R^{2}$</tex>\u0000, which reaches as high as 0.9783 and 0.9375 on training and testing data, respectively. The strong universality of the presented method allows for an extension to fast and accurately predict other properties of the nanocomposite dielectrics.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 4","pages":"463-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/10007897/10007874.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50225732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yajuan Guan;Baoze Wei;Josep M. Guerrero;Juan C. Vasquez;Yonghao Gui
The emerging novel energy infrastructures, such as energy communities, smart building-based microgrids, electric vehicles enabled mobile energy storage units raise the requirements for a more interconnective and interoperable energy system. It leads to a transition from simple and isolated microgrids to relatively large-scale and complex interconnected microgrid systems named multi-microgrid clusters. In order to efficiently, optimally, and flexibly control multi-microgrid clusters, cross-disciplinary technologies such as power electronics, control theory, optimization algorithms, information and communication technologies, cyber-physical, and big-data analysis are needed. This paper introduces an overview of the relevant aspects for multi-microgrids, including the outstanding features, architectures, typical applications, existing control mechanisms, as well as the challenges.
{"title":"An overview of the operation architectures and energy management system for multiple microgrid clusters","authors":"Yajuan Guan;Baoze Wei;Josep M. Guerrero;Juan C. Vasquez;Yonghao Gui","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging novel energy infrastructures, such as energy communities, smart building-based microgrids, electric vehicles enabled mobile energy storage units raise the requirements for a more interconnective and interoperable energy system. It leads to a transition from simple and isolated microgrids to relatively large-scale and complex interconnected microgrid systems named multi-microgrid clusters. In order to efficiently, optimally, and flexibly control multi-microgrid clusters, cross-disciplinary technologies such as power electronics, control theory, optimization algorithms, information and communication technologies, cyber-physical, and big-data analysis are needed. This paper introduces an overview of the relevant aspects for multi-microgrids, including the outstanding features, architectures, typical applications, existing control mechanisms, as well as the challenges.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 3","pages":"306-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/9954281/09954282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50209224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an unprecedented level of awareness of climate change and the role of decarbonization in enabling environmental sustainability moving forward. In particular, there has been a major focus placed on the carbon produced through electricity generation, as it is responsible for roughly 30% of emissions globally, per the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). When renewable energy solutions are advanced very heavily, that raises the level of tension among competing interests. This needs to be navigated very carefully if we are to meet carbon reduction targets, which in turn need to be shared based on historical contributions and current emission levels. A nuanced approach to navigating this tension will see industrialized nation states collaborating with emerging economies to deploy a portfolio of solutions with low-carbon generation, storage and demand side management with advanced technology focusing on energy efficiency. To more efficiently facilitate the global shift towards renewable energy adoption, the below six areas should be our priority.
{"title":"2022 IEEE Ad Hoc Committee to Coordinate IEEE's Response to Climate Change (CCIRCC)","authors":"Saifur Rahman","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"There is an unprecedented level of awareness of climate change and the role of decarbonization in enabling environmental sustainability moving forward. In particular, there has been a major focus placed on the carbon produced through electricity generation, as it is responsible for roughly 30% of emissions globally, per the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). When renewable energy solutions are advanced very heavily, that raises the level of tension among competing interests. This needs to be navigated very carefully if we are to meet carbon reduction targets, which in turn need to be shared based on historical contributions and current emission levels. A nuanced approach to navigating this tension will see industrialized nation states collaborating with emerging economies to deploy a portfolio of solutions with low-carbon generation, storage and demand side management with advanced technology focusing on energy efficiency. To more efficiently facilitate the global shift towards renewable energy adoption, the below six areas should be our priority.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"1 3","pages":"269-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9732629/9954281/09954353.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50209232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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