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Empiètement, rejet ou tempérance : l’adolescence en pédiatrie au risque de la surviolence 侵犯、拒绝或节制:面临暴力风险的儿童青少年时期
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100436
A. Chandon-Piazza

Context

The work of the clinical psychologist in pediatric hospitals aims to promote the subjective appropriation of the experience by the child, by ensuring a feeling of continuity and security. It is particularly important to ensure the quality of the relation between subject, entourage, and caregivers. However, a certain amount of violence exists in the relation between caregiver and patient. We suggest that beyond the violence of caregiving itself, there is an “over-violence” (Tomkiewicz, 1991) which risks undermining the patient's feeling of security.

Objectives

We believe that this over-violence arises when caregivers are confronted with intolerable experiences in the face of the vital risk incurred by the patient. This article aims to examine the emergence of this over-violence and its modes of expression.

Method

This work is based on several situations encountered in different pediatric wards, based on three cases of adolescent patients who put their caregivers in difficulty and required the intervention of hospital psychologists to understand the issues at hand.

Results

Through these different clinical cases we identify two mechanisms of over-violence. First, encroachment, in the form of excessive control of patients’ behavior, which echoes the control that exists over the bodies of sick children. second, rejection, as an attempt to evacuate that which is violent, despite the needs of the patient, sometimes justified by the imperative of freeing hospital beds for other patients. We also identify the effects of a paradoxical over-violence in the oscillation between these two poles.

Discussion

Faced with potential death and the anxiety it arouses, caregivers confronted with violent affects deploy unconscious defense mechanisms that can undermine the professional-patient relationship and can produce over-violence in care. Faced with this phenomenon, reflecting together as a team allows for the regulation of affects and promotes temperance in the professional-patient relationship. Psychologists practicing in somatic hospitals are instrumental in the setting up and maintaining of spaces for regulation or analysis of professional practice in services in which psychological care is not the primary task.

背景儿科医院临床心理学家的工作旨在通过确保连续性和安全感,促进儿童对体验的主观占有。确保主体、随行人员和护理人员之间关系的质量尤为重要。然而,在护理人员和病人之间的关系中存在着一定程度的暴力。我们认为,除了护理本身的暴力之外,还有一种 "过度暴力"(Tomkiewicz,1991 年),有可能破坏病人的安全感。本文旨在研究这种过度暴力的出现及其表达方式。方法这项工作基于在不同儿科病房中遇到的几种情况,以三例青少年患者为基础,这些患者使其看护者陷入困境,需要医院心理学家的干预才能了解当前的问题。第一,侵占,即对病人行为的过度控制,这与对患病儿童身体的控制相呼应。第二,拒绝,即不顾病人的需要,试图将暴力者撤离,有时以腾出病床给其他病人为由。讨论面对潜在的死亡及其引发的焦虑,护理人员在面对暴力情绪时会采取无意识的防御机制,这可能会破坏专业人员与患者之间的关系,并可能在护理过程中产生过度暴力。面对这种现象,作为一个团队,共同反思可以调节情绪,促进专业医患关系中的节制。在躯体医院执业的心理学家在建立和维护专业实践的调节或分析空间方面发挥了重要作用,因为在这些服务中,心理治疗并不是主要任务。
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引用次数: 0
Commentaire sur l’article « La rencontre clinique entre diagnostic et transfert, identité et identification » de Jean Peuch-Lestrade 让-佩赫-莱斯特雷德《诊断与移情、身份与认同之间的临床交锋》一文评论
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100438
Maria Lívia Tourinho Moretto
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引用次数: 0
La « gouvernance clinique » : sur un mode de travail particulier chez les directeurs d’hôpital 临床治理":医院院长的特殊工作方式
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100429
H. Haliday

Context

The public healthcare system in France is in search of a new “spirit” to address the symptoms of disaffection it currently experiences. Management sciences are exploring how leadership can enhance workplace well-being, emphasizing “salutogenic” approaches and caring leadership. In contrast to previous interpretations of “clinical governance,” often focused on the use of evidence-based clinical data, we investigate the potential use of psychoanalytic theories to shed light on clinical governance practices attentive to the diverse elements contributing to organizational atmosphere.

Objectives

We aim to return to the conceptions and practices of hospital administrators themselves. The demonstration will revolve around identifying the objects of the specific work done by clinical governance, and the actions taken by hospital administrators practicing this way. Our aim is to extend to the healthcare field the path laid out by institutional psychotherapy in psychiatry, ensuring healthcare institutions do not perpetuate, at their highest hierarchical level, the social symptoms of their time.

Method

Our approach is rooted in empirical interpretation sciences and relies on a qualitative analysis methodology that emphasizes proximity to the lived experience of our interviewees. Our field investigation has been ongoing for several years, conducted in collaboration with management teams from institutions of various sizes and regions. The abductive hypothesis of a form of clinical governance gradually emerged while working closely with two well-known hospital administration teams. We engaged in co-thinking with the involved directors to validate our interpretations.

Results

We revisit the concept of “clinical governance” to describe a way of managing hospitals which symbolically and attentively, though sometimes unconsciously, works with a number of identified objects. We define these objects as related to the organization: hierarchy, space, resources, information, the “scope” of action, and time. Others elements are related to the institutional network: speech, the Self, the perception of others, conviviality, and affects. Each of these elements is examined from the perspective of its symbolic significance, beyond its material or practical aspects, with the understanding that their circulation is of particular interest to clinical governance.

Interpretation

Our results call for a renewal of institutional psychotherapy in general hospitals, through the perspective of daily “asepsis” of the milieu as facilitated by clinical governance. This involves a recognition by hospital administrators of the symbolic value of the objects we have listed. Clinical governance enables administrators to interpret the symbols behind the apparent materiality of what healthcare professionals discuss. While our results are partial and exploratory, they pave t

背景法国的公共医疗系统正在寻找一种新的 "精神",以解决目前存在的不满情绪。管理科学正在探索领导力如何提升工作场所的幸福感,强调 "致敬 "方法和关爱型领导力。以往对 "临床治理 "的解释往往侧重于循证临床数据的使用,与此不同的是,我们研究了精神分析理论在临床治理实践中的潜在应用,以关注造成组织氛围的各种因素。论证将围绕确定临床治理具体工作的对象,以及医院管理者在实践中采取的行动展开。我们的目标是将精神病学中的机构心理疗法所开辟的道路推广到医疗保健领域,确保医疗保健机构不会在其最高级别上延续其所处时代的社会症状。我们的实地调查已持续数年,与来自不同规模和地区的机构的管理团队合作进行。在与两家知名医院管理团队紧密合作的过程中,我们逐步形成了一种临床治理形式的归纳假设。我们重新审视了 "临床治理 "这一概念,以描述一种管理医院的方式,这种方式象征性地、专注地(有时是无意识地)与一些确定的对象合作。我们将这些对象定义为与组织相关的:等级制度、空间、资源、信息、行动 "范围 "和时间。其他要素则与机构网络有关:言语、自我、对他人的感知、社交和情感。我们从这些元素的象征意义的角度对其进行了研究,而不局限于其物质或实践方面,因为这些元素的循环对临床管理具有特殊意义。这就需要医院管理者认识到我们所列物品的象征价值。临床管理使管理者能够解释医护人员讨论的表面物质性背后的象征。虽然我们的研究结果只是局部的和探索性的,但它们为从精神分析的临床角度来看待医院管理以及管理科学铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
La rencontre clinique à l’hôpital : restituer le patient à lui-même 医院中的临床接触:让患者回归自我
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100437
K.-L. Schwering
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引用次数: 0
Psychanalyse, hôpital, société : un entretien avec Alain Vanier 精神分析、医院与社会:阿兰-瓦尼埃访谈录
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100428
A. Vanier , N. Tajan
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引用次数: 0
Le positif pour l’hôpital, le négatif chez le patient 对医院有利,对病人不利
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100430
P. Sauvajon

Context

In the context of increasing chronic disease, and limited resources, the current hospital reform is mobilizing patients towards a positive approach meant to allow everyone to choose for themselves. Health promotion and self-care practices are the main intentions of this change. If this evolution is part of the ongoing history of the hospital, it exists in the current societal environment. This latter is characterized by multitude of choices. The situation of patients struggling to keep up with this change should encourage hospital decision-makers to question this quest for effective care.

Objective

The clinician meets patients who are mobilized by resistance, or even negativity, in a “system” that solicits positive abilities. These patients seem to mobilize the assistance of the healthcare environment, unable to meet them where they are. This article proposes pathways for an articulation of the system with the singularity of the patient-individuals who encounter it.

Method

Returning to the history of the hospital and its current intentions, we question the quest for effective care for all patients. The situation of patients who “resist” the apparatus of positivity could shed light on the stakes of certain changes in the works.

Results

The juxtaposition of the current hospital environment and the story of a patient who is “resistant” to it suggests a mutual influence.

Interpretation

With patients increasingly passing through the hospital, instead of staying, they are encouraged to become autonomous actors of their own care. Those patients who require more support from the hospital put to the test the latter's capacity for care experienced in the register of negativity.

背景在慢性病日益增多、资源有限的情况下,当前的医院改革正在动员病人采取一种积极的方法,让每个人都能为自己做出选择。促进健康和自我保健实践是这一变革的主要意图。如果说这种演变是医院历史的一部分,那么它也存在于当前的社会环境中。后者的特点是选择众多。临床医生会遇到一些病人,他们在一个寻求积极能力的 "系统 "中,被阻力甚至消极情绪所调动。这些病人似乎需要医疗环境的帮助,但医疗环境却无法满足他们的需求。本文提出了将医疗系统与遭遇该系统的病人个体的独特性相联系的途径。方法回到医院的历史及其当前的意图,我们对为所有病人提供有效护理的追求提出质疑。结果将当前的医院环境与一个 "抗拒 "医院环境的病人的故事并列在一起,表明两者之间存在着相互影响。那些需要医院提供更多支持的病人对医院的护理能力提出了考验。
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引用次数: 0
Encore des mots, toujours des maux, les mêmes maux ? 更多的话语,更多的罪恶,还是同样的罪恶?
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100431
F. Maréchal

Context

The hospital is in crisis, with many ills and difficulties experienced by caregivers and patients alike. These difficulties are due to the de-subjectivization of caregivers and patients, conveyed by the language of a techno-scientific new management.

Objectives

To show how metapsychology and psychoanalysis can help caregivers and their patients rediscover in their language a space of subjectivity in which to express themselves and bear witness to their realities.

Method

Exploration of the effects of the new managerial and techno-scientific language used and experienced in care by caregivers and their patients.

Results

The language of new hospital management can be seen as a socio-psycho-linguistic virus, weakening caregivers and forcing them to act rather than reflect, because of a lack of words and of space in which to express themselves. Techno-scientific language reifies patients and detaches them from their unique experiences. Caregivers and patients therefore find it difficult to relate to each other in any way other than through their illness. Psychoanalysis and metapsychology create the conditions for deepening and redeploying the caregiver-patient relationship, and through attention to narrativity, they enable us to give importance to the patient's narrative. Systems inspired by institutional psychotherapy give caregivers the space to develop their subjectivity and reduce the suffering associated with caring for patients.

Conclusion

The struggle of languages to which patients and caregivers are subjected is partly responsible for the malaise in hospital culture. It seems to us that working on the language of caregivers and patients, and maintaining spaces for everyone to put themselves into words, could contribute to the development of a culture of care that prevents the actors and subjects of care from talking to each other only about their ills.

背景医院正处于危机之中,护理人员和患者都遇到了许多弊病和困难。这些困难是由于护理人员和患者的去主体化造成的,而这种去主体化是由新的技术科学管理语言所传达的。研究目的 展示元心理学和精神分析如何帮助护理人员及其患者在他们的语言中重新发现主体性空间,从而表达自己并见证他们的现实。结果新的医院管理语言可以被视为一种社会心理语言病毒,它削弱了护理人员的能力,迫使他们采取行动而不是进行反思,因为他们缺乏表达自己的语言和空间。技术科学语言将病人重新定义,使他们脱离自己的独特经历。因此,护理人员和病人发现,除了通过疾病之外,他们很难以其他方式相互联系。精神分析和元心理学为深化和重新部署护理者与患者之间的关系创造了条件,通过关注叙事性,它们使我们能够重视患者的叙事。受机构心理疗法启发的系统为护理人员提供了发展其主体性的空间,减少了与护理病人相关的痛苦。在我们看来,研究护理人员和病人的语言,为每个人提供表达自己的空间,可以促进护理文化的发展,防止护理的参与者和主体之间只谈论自己的疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Des fenêtres culturelles à l’hôpital : susciter de nouvelles perspectives cliniques dans les établissements de santé 医院的文化窗口:在医疗机构中创造新的临床视角
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100425
Audrey Juteau , Adeline Lepine , Nathalie Dumet

Context

This article is based on doctoral research interested in the effects of “médiation culturelle” – the bi-directional interplay and effects of embedding a cultural experience or artistic process – on institutional behavior, environment, daily routine, and corporate culture. The specific focus here is an original institutional experience, entitled “Windows Open to the World,” that examines the effect of embedding an artist and artistic process into the everyday life of a regional rehabilitation center for patients with acquired neurologic disease or traumatic injury. This study was completed in partnership with the Biennale d’Art Contemporain of Lyon, via the Veduta platform and the artist/photographer Karim Kal, as part of the national Culture and Health program.

Method

This is exploratory research. In an institutional clinical setting, we present clinical observations and propose lines of reflection and analysis.

Objectives

This study seeks to analyze the function of art on healthcare institutions (daily routine, corporate culture, environment) and professional practice. This study further explores the modulatory effect of embedding artistic and cultural experiences (“médiation culturelle”) on clinical staff, including the potential to improve providers’ feelings of well-being, renew professional interest and commitment, spark individual and team creativity, improve team cohesion, and reduce burn-out.

Results

As an interventional device, the “médiation culturelle” process created new opportunities at the institutional level: in a dynamic interplay, embedding the artistic process created new common space and spontaneous gatherings; and time spent in discussion promoted collaboration between professionals, allowing new projects to come to life despite the current constraints of the institutional environment. The preparatory work required for any project, often undocumented and hidden from view, is shown by these results to be essential.

These interdisciplinary projects are conducive to group work, prompting a review of and a strengthening of the team's approach to collaborative clinical care. Moreover, through the interactive creative nature of the artistic cultural intervention, these projects serve to generate enduring psychological interactions and emotional experiences between patients, artists, and professionals, ultimately forging more vibrant relationships through these shared experiences. These cultural interventions make it possible to reset and re-ignite the imagination in the institution, in support and advocacy of artistic creativity. Similarly, they rejuvenate the professional staff, stimulating new ideas, fostering creative exchange, and prompting collaboration with natural extensions to their clinical practice. These cultural projects can also serve as a kind of libidinal recharge for professionals, supporting their ability to gene

背景本文基于博士研究,关注 "文化交流"(médiation culturelle)--嵌入文化体验或艺术过程--对机构行为、环境、日常生活和企业文化的双向互动和影响。这里的具体重点是一个名为 "向世界敞开的窗口 "的原创机构体验,该体验考察了将一位艺术家和艺术创作过程嵌入一个地区康复中心日常生活的效果,该康复中心是为后天性神经疾病或外伤患者服务的。这项研究是与里昂当代艺术双年展(通过 Veduta 平台)和艺术家/摄影师卡里姆-卡尔(Karim Kal)合作完成的,是国家文化与健康计划的一部分。本研究旨在分析艺术对医疗机构(日常工作、企业文化、环境)和专业实践的作用。本研究进一步探讨了嵌入艺术和文化体验("médiation culturelle")对临床工作人员的调节作用,包括改善提供者的幸福感、重新激发专业兴趣和承诺、激发个人和团队的创造力、提高团队凝聚力和减少职业倦怠的潜力。结果 作为一种干预手段,"文化交流 "过程在机构层面上创造了新的机会:在动态的相互作用中,艺术过程的嵌入创造了新的公共空间和自发的聚会;讨论时间促进了专业人员之间的合作,使新项目得以实现,尽管目前机构环境受到限制。这些跨学科项目有利于小组合作,促使团队重新审视并加强合作临床护理的方法。此外,通过艺术文化干预的互动创造性,这些项目有助于在患者、艺术家和专业人员之间产生持久的心理互动和情感体验,最终通过这些共同体验建立起更有活力的关系。这些文化干预措施可以重启和重新点燃医疗机构的想象力,支持和倡导艺术创造。同样,它们也能使专业人员恢复活力,激发新的想法,促进创造性交流,并促使他们在临床实践中自然延伸地开展合作。这些文化项目还可以作为专业人员的一种性欲充电,支持他们产生并长期保持对病人的积极性。将艺术和文化流程系统纳入医疗保健机构系统是一种新颖的创新方法,它能使医院环境人性化,丰富病人的体验,并为在医院工作的专业人员重新注入活力。
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引用次数: 0
La résistance thérapeutique dans la douleur chronique nociplastique : de la relation mère-enfant à la relation médecin-patient. Expériences subjectives de femmes fibromyalgiques 慢性非学科性疼痛的治疗阻力:从母子关系到医患关系。纤维肌痛妇女的主观体验
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100427
Stéphanie Hertzog
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引用次数: 0
(In)visibilité dans la clinique de l’AVC du sujet âgé : effets intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs de l’utilisation de l’IRM (老年中风诊所的(不)可见性:使用核磁共振成像的心理和主体间影响
Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.inan.2024.100435
Anna Kyprianou

Context

This paper illustrates a psychodynamic analysis of the intrapsychic and intersubjective effects of the use of MRI in a Neurovascular Unit (NVU) for elderly post-stroke patients, in mainland France. The sudden onset of the stroke and the shift from independence to dependence are juxtaposed with the reality of normal and pathological aging in the elderly, making the boundaries around these two issues difficult to determine.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to propose a reflection about the intrapsychic and intersubjective effects of the almost automatic use of the MRI results during the hospitalization of elderly post-stroke patients.

Method

This is a theoretical-clinical elaboration based on clinical cases derived from clinical psychotherapeutic sessions with post-stroke hospitalized patients, institutional observations during staff meetings, and transdisciplinary interviews with the patients and their families.

Results

We can conclude, through the cases studied and the theoretical analysis that a more personalized use of MRI is essential, because it may help the patient to visualize his or her stroke, to organize what has been psychologically and physically disorganized, and to create a link with the healthcare professional. However, an automated and mechanized way of showing these results may lead the patient into a psychological impasse, accentuate the psycho-corporal disorganization, and complexify the relationship with others.

Interpretations

MRI is nowadays the main tool for diagnosing strokes, allowing in vivo exploration of the human brain. Despite its relatively recent appearance, MRI seems to be essential in the treatment and monitoring of stroke patients. However, the use of showing the MRI results to the elderly patients in a stroke unit, their families, and the healthcare professionals does not seem to have been thought through, or at the very least, reflected upon consciously.

背景本文从心理动力学的角度分析了在法国本土的一个神经血管科(NVU)中使用核磁共振成像技术对中风后老年患者的心理和主体间影响。中风的突然发生以及从独立到依赖的转变与老年人正常和病理衰老的现实并存,使得围绕这两个问题的界限难以确定。本文旨在对中风后老年患者住院期间几乎自动使用核磁共振成像结果所产生的心理和主体间影响进行反思。通过研究病例和理论分析,我们可以得出结论:更加个性化地使用核磁共振成像至关重要,因为它可以帮助患者直观地了解自己的中风情况,整理心理和生理上的混乱,并与医护人员建立联系。然而,以自动化和机械化的方式显示这些结果可能会使患者陷入心理僵局,加重心理和生理上的混乱,并使患者与他人的关系复杂化。尽管核磁共振成像的出现时间相对较短,但它似乎对中风患者的治疗和监测至关重要。然而,向脑卒中科室的老年患者、其家属和医护人员展示核磁共振成像结果的用途似乎并没有经过深思熟虑,或者至少没有经过有意识的反思。
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引用次数: 0
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