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Tumor targeted and GSH stimuli-response α‑lactalbumin nanotubes co-delivering doxorubicin and siRNA for cancer therapy 肿瘤靶向和 GSH 刺激响应α-乳白蛋白纳米管联合输送多柔比星和 siRNA 用于癌症治疗
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.002
Guohua Hou , Di Wu , Xing Li , Bin Liu

α-Lactalbumin (α-lac), a natural food-sourced protein, exhibits high biocompatibility as delivery systems for small bioactive molecules or RNA. However, their potential clinical application as a delivery system is greatly limited due to the lack of targeting to desired tissues, such as tumors. Here, a delivery system/nanocarrier of nanotube (NT) was fabricated by the self-assembly of peptides hydrolyzed from α-lac. Among the loading of anti-tumor agents of doxorubicin (Dox) and siRNA, NTs were conjugated with the tLyp-1 peptide to specifically target the neuropilin 1 receptor, which exists on the membrane of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The micromorphology of NTs was not affected during the processes of loading and targeting modification. Additionally, no significant changes in the size and zeta potential of the tLyp-1/NTs/Dox/siRNA nanocarrier were observed when stored in phosphate buffered saline for 7 days, indicating outstanding stability. Moreover, both the cellular uptake efficiency and tumor accumulation effects of NTs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were significantly improved after modification with tLyp-1. The relative viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was decreased by 70.1% in vitro after treatment with tLyp-1/NTs/Dox/siRNA (5 μg/mL Dox). Finally, a synergistic anticancer effect of Dox and siRNA co-loaded in tLyp-1/NTs was achieved in the anticancer treatment of MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice. These findings indicate that food-sourced protein α‑lac nanocarriers could be used for the co-delivery of bioactive molecules and RNA, achieving synergistic and efficient therapeutic effects.

α-乳白蛋白(α-lac)是一种来源于食物的天然蛋白质,具有很高的生物相容性,可作为小生物活性分子或 RNA 的递送系统。然而,由于缺乏对肿瘤等理想组织的靶向性,其作为递送系统的临床应用潜力受到很大限制。本文通过α-漆水解肽的自组装,制备了一种纳米管(NT)递送系统/纳米载体。在装载抗肿瘤药物多柔比星(Dox)和 siRNA 的纳米管中,纳米管与 tLyp-1 多肽共轭,以特异性靶向存在于 MDA-MB-231 癌细胞膜上的神经纤蛋白 1 受体。在装载和靶向修饰过程中,NTs 的微观形态未受影响。此外,tLyp-1/NTs/Dox/siRNA 纳米载体在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中保存 7 天后,其大小和 zeta 电位均未发生明显变化,这表明其具有出色的稳定性。此外,经 tLyp-1 改性后,NTs 对 MDA-MB-231 乳腺癌细胞的细胞摄取效率和肿瘤蓄积效应都得到了显著改善。经 tLyp-1/NTs/Dox/siRNA (5 μg/mL Dox)处理后,MDA-MB-231 细胞在体外的相对存活率降低了 70.1%。最后,在对 MDA-MB-231 肿瘤小鼠进行抗癌治疗时,tLyp-1/NTs 中的 Dox 和 siRNA 发挥了协同抗癌作用。这些研究结果表明,食物来源的蛋白质α-lac纳米载体可用于生物活性分子和RNA的联合递送,实现协同高效的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
SERS-tag technology in food safety and detection: sensing from the “fingerprint” region to the “biological-silent” region 食品安全和检测中的 SERS 标签技术:从 "指纹 "区域到 "生物静默 "区域的传感
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.003
Chen Chen , Ximo Wang , Ruiqiang Wang , Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse , Zhixiang Xu

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers many advantages for the fast and sensitive detection of specific compounds, metal ions or pathogens in foods, motivating to its increasing utilization in food safety. SERS-tags, typically constructed using signal enhanced substrate, Raman reporter molecules, a biocompatible protective layer and a specific recognition element, provide a powerful tool for the analysis of food hazards. This article reviews recent progress in the development of SERS-tags for food safety assessment covering SERS-tags with characteristic peaks in the “fingerprint” region (800–1 800 cm–1) and the “biological-silent” region (1 800–2 800 cm–1). Following a brief description of SERS substrates, the design, synthesis and applications of SERS-tag are explored in detail. The application of SERS-tags technology for the detection of microorganisms, pesticides and antibiotics are then investigated. Finally, the prospects of using SERS-tag in real-world food safety analysis are critically discussed.

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)在快速灵敏地检测食品中的特定化合物、金属离子或病原体方面具有许多优势,因此在食品安全领域的应用日益广泛。SERS 标签通常由信号增强基底、拉曼报告分子、生物相容性保护层和特定识别元件构成,是分析食品危害的有力工具。本文回顾了用于食品安全评估的 SERS 标签开发的最新进展,包括在 "指纹 "区域(800-1800 cm-1)和 "生物沉默 "区域(1800-2800 cm-1)具有特征峰的 SERS 标签。在简要介绍了 SERS 基底之后,详细探讨了 SERS 标签的设计、合成和应用。然后研究了 SERS 标签技术在微生物、杀虫剂和抗生素检测中的应用。最后,对 SERS-tag 在实际食品安全分析中的应用前景进行了深入探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism of microbial spore inactivation through electromagnetic radiations: a review 电磁辐射灭活微生物孢子的机制:综述
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.004
Piyush Sharma , Arun Prasath Venugopal , Parag Prakash Sutar , Hongwei Xiao , Qi Zhang

Spores are the biological structures formed out of sporulation from vegetative cells in adverse conditions. Being tolerant to many extreme environment and conditions, they escape and survives critical processing steps in the food industry that poses food and health safety problems, as is evident from the increase in reports of food-borne outbreaks due to spore-formers. Electromagnetic radiation (EM) is used for rapid decontamination and sterilization purposes in the food industry. Many studies have reported a greater reduction in spore population upon irradiation with EM rays due to its impact on genomic material and other components of spores that destabilises overall structure and brings clonogenic death. However, there is scattered literature regarding the mechanism of its inactivation and resistance against such damage. This review attempts to concisely evaluate the potential of electromagnetic radiations in spore inactivation and details its mechanism through a collective study of scientific results and reports. It also briefs about the process of sporulation, the structure of spores and the role of its components in the resistance of spores to damage. Many studies, which demonstrated that combining various EM treatments might be an effective way for inactivation of spores, were discussed in detail.

孢子是无性细胞在不利条件下孢子化形成的生物结构。由于孢子对许多极端环境和条件都有很强的耐受性,它们可以逃过食品工业中的关键加工步骤并存活下来,这就带来了食品和健康安全问题,从孢子形成物导致的食源性疾病爆发报告的增加就可以看出这一点。在食品工业中,电磁辐射(EM)被用于快速去污和杀菌。许多研究报告称,由于电磁辐射会影响孢子的基因组材料和其他成分,从而破坏整体结构的稳定性并导致克隆死亡,因此用电磁辐射照射孢子后,孢子数量会大幅减少。然而,关于其失活机制和对这种损害的抵抗力的文献却很零散。本综述试图通过对科学成果和报告的集体研究,简明扼要地评估电磁辐射在孢子失活方面的潜力,并详细介绍其机理。它还简要介绍了孢子的形成过程、孢子的结构及其各组成部分在孢子抗破坏性中的作用。许多研究表明,将各种电磁处理方法结合起来可能是一种有效的孢子灭活方法,本报告对这些研究进行了详细讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Bioactive compounds, nutraceutical values and its application in food product development of oyster mushroom 杏鲍菇的生物活性化合物、营养保健价值及其在食品开发中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.005
Phuritshabam Vivekanandini Devi, Jasmin Islam, Pameena Narzary, Daisy Sharma, Farhanaz Sultana

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one of the popular edible mushrooms and is widely cultivated throughout the world for its unique delicacy in flavor, aroma and taste. They exhibit excellent sources of biological proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Moreover, their demands are increasing due to the presence of bioactive components such as phenol, flavonoid, terpenes, polysaccharides and reported to possess anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant activity. Owing to their beneficial health effects, they act as a potential source for formulation of functional or value-added food products. The objective of the review is to emphasize the remarkable nutritional properties and their significant relationship concerning health-promoting properties which view oyster mushrooms as a superfood and plant-based- nutraceuticals food.

杏鲍菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)是广受欢迎的食用菌之一,因其独特的风味、香气和口感而在世界各地广泛种植。它们是生物蛋白质、纤维、维生素和矿物质的绝佳来源。此外,由于含有酚、类黄酮、萜烯、多糖等生物活性成分,并据报道具有抗微生物、抗癌、抗高脂血症、抗糖尿病、抗炎和免疫刺激活性,因此对它们的需求也在不断增加。由于其有益健康的作用,它们成为配制功能性或增值食品的潜在来源。本综述旨在强调杏鲍菇的显著营养特性及其与促进健康特性之间的重要关系,从而将杏鲍菇视为一种超级食品和植物营养保健食品。
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引用次数: 0
Physico-chemical properties of wild edible fruit Meyna laxiflora Robyns (Alu): production of Alu fruit powder by using drying aid 可食用野生果实 Meyna laxiflora Robyns(Alu)的物理化学特性:利用干燥辅助剂生产 Alu 果实粉末
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.007
Rohini Vijay Dhenge , Arjun Mohanakumar , Suhel Bhendawade , Prashant Chavhan , Sagar Deshpande , Pooja Lade , Abhijeet Gatade , Akshaya kumar Sahoo

The study focuses on the physico-chemical characteristics of the wild fruit Meyna laxiflora Robyns (Alu) and fruit powder, which was gathered from the Konkan region of Maharashtra. Alu fruit powder is made by using a drying aid called maltodextrin (MD). Powder samples (MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4 and MP5) were made using different amounts of MD (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g). Preliminary phytochemical screening of fruit pulp and powder showed the presence of some phytoconstituents such as reducing sugar, saponin, flavonoids, and terpenoids, whereas alkaloids, tannins, steroids and protein were absent in both. The parameters of the powder are directly influenced by the amount of MD, as evidenced by the variations in bulk density, total soluble solids, pH, specific gravity and the proximate among the powder samples. High solubility was found in the sample with a medium of MD. The highest of particle distribution was found in MD-added samples (MP2 (1 g), MP3 (1.5 g), MP4 (2 g)) whereas the raw (MP0) showed the least. Sensory analysis was done using 9-point hedonic scale, which revealed that MP2, MP3, and MP4 were highly acceptable. This study assumed that fresh Alu fruit, pulp and in the form of powder can be useful for the development of new products.

这项研究的重点是野生水果 Meyna laxiflora Robyns(Alu)和果粉的物理化学特性,这些水果是从马哈拉施特拉邦的康坎地区采集的。阿卢果粉是通过使用一种名为麦芽糊精(MD)的干燥辅助剂制成的。使用不同量的麦芽糊精(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 和 2.5 克)制成粉末样品(MP1、MP2、MP3、MP4 和 MP5)。对果肉和果粉进行的初步植物化学筛选表明,果肉和果粉中含有一些植物成分,如还原糖、皂苷、黄酮类和萜类化合物,而生物碱、单宁、类固醇和蛋白质在两者中均不存在。粉末的参数直接受 MD 含量的影响,这从粉末样品的体积密度、总可溶性固形物、pH 值、比重和近似物的变化中可以看出。中等 MD 含量的样品溶解度高。添加了 MD 的样品(MP2(1 克)、MP3(1.5 克)、MP4(2 克))颗粒分布最均匀,而未加工的样品(MP0)颗粒分布最少。使用 9 点享乐量表进行了感官分析,结果显示 MP2、MP3 和 MP4 的可接受性很高。这项研究认为,新鲜阿卢果、果肉和粉末形式的阿卢果可用于开发新产品。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics and functionalities of bacterial community during foxtail millet dough fermentation by metagenomic analysis 通过元基因组分析狐尾粟面团发酵过程中细菌群落的动态和功能
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.006
Junli Liu, Wei Zhao, Aixia Zhang, Pengliang Li, Jingke Liu

Sourdough flavors were closely related to microbial metabolism. The microbial diversity of foxtail millet dough during fermentation has never been studied. Here, the metabolic potential and diversity of the bacterial community were analyzed by metagenomic during dough fermentation. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in the dough, within heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (e.g., Companilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus) as the most abundant bacteria. Proteobacteria was gradually inhibited after fermentation. Companilactobacillus_crustorum was notably found abundant during dough leavening. Limosilactobacillus_fermentum increased markedly during fermentation, while Companilactobacillus_crustorum decreased significantly. For further exploration, genes associated with metabolism were annotated through metagenomics. Limosilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus and Pediococcus were actively engaged in glycolysis (ko00010), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), and pyruvate metabolism (ko00620), leading in part to lactic and acetic acid accumulations and dough acidification. Limosilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus were the main contributors to key aminopeptidases or/and transaminases involved in amino acid metabolism, which was responsible for flavor metabolite formation. This study will provide an enhanced understanding of the predominance and diversity of dough bacterial communities, and contribute to future strain screening in the dough for better flavor.

酸面团的风味与微生物代谢密切相关。有关发酵过程中狐尾小米面团微生物多样性的研究还从未有过。本文通过元基因组分析了面团发酵过程中细菌群落的代谢潜力和多样性。面团中最主要的菌门是固着菌门,其中以异发酵乳酸菌(如伴乳酸菌、低乳酸菌、乳酸球菌和乳酸杆菌)的数量最多。蛋白菌在发酵后逐渐受到抑制。在面团发酵过程中,明显发现了大量的乳酸菌(Companilactobacillus_crustorum)。在发酵过程中,Limosilactobacillus_fermentum 明显增加,而 Companilactobacillus_crustorum 则明显减少。为了进一步探索,通过元基因组学对与新陈代谢相关的基因进行了注释。嗜酸乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus)、伴孢乳杆菌(Companilactobacillus)和木薯球菌(Pediococcus)积极参与糖酵解(ko00010)、淀粉和蔗糖代谢(ko00500)以及丙酮酸代谢(ko00620),在一定程度上导致了乳酸和乙酸的积累以及面团酸化。柠檬乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus)和乳普兰巴氏杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus)是参与氨基酸代谢的关键氨肽酶或/和转氨酶的主要贡献者,而氨基酸代谢是风味代谢物形成的原因。这项研究将有助于进一步了解面团细菌群落的优势和多样性,并有助于今后在面团中筛选菌株,以获得更好的风味。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging applications of nanofibers electrospun from carbohydrate polymers 碳水化合物聚合物电纺纳米纤维的新兴应用
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.001
Nicole Angel , Songnan Li , Lingyan Kong

Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique that uses electrostatic forces to create fibers in the nano to micro range from a variety of materials, both synthetic and natural. Due to the high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, and desirable mechanic characteristics of electrospun fibers, they are of current interest for a wide variety of applications. Some of the most significant applications of these fibers being researched include tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressings, environmental and energy applications, and protective materials. Notably, electrospun fibers may be specially tailored to better fit their final application through the direct loading of materials during the spinning process as well as by choosing the correct base material for the fiber. For example, it is desirable to use a biocompatible and biodegradable material in fibers desired for applications in the biomedical field; this way the fibers are able to safely interact with the human body. This review will explore the applications, as previously listed, with a focus on how fibers are made using carbohydrate polymers (such as alginate, cellulose and its derivatives, chitosan and chitin, starch, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and levan) as their base material, and their applicability and functionality in various applications.

电纺丝是一种简单而多用途的技术,它利用静电力从各种材料(包括合成材料和天然材料)中制造出纳米到微米范围的纤维。由于电纺丝纤维具有高表面积体积比、高孔隙率和理想的机械特性,因此目前在各种应用领域都备受关注。这些纤维最重要的研究应用包括组织工程、药物输送、伤口敷料、环境和能源应用以及防护材料。值得注意的是,电纺纤维可以通过在纺丝过程中直接加载材料以及为纤维选择正确的基体材料来特别定制,以更好地适应其最终应用。例如,在生物医学领域应用的纤维最好使用生物相容性和可生物降解的材料;这样纤维就能安全地与人体相互作用。本综述将探讨前面列出的各种应用,重点是如何使用碳水化合物聚合物(如海藻酸、纤维素及其衍生物、壳聚糖和甲壳素、淀粉、聚戊聚糖、透明质酸、葡聚糖和利凡)作为基础材料制造纤维,以及它们在各种应用中的适用性和功能性。
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引用次数: 0
Different characteristics of 40 kinds of free amino acids and 5-amino levulinic acid between wines and sakes (Japanese rice wines) 葡萄酒和清酒(日本米酒)中 40 种游离氨基酸和 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的不同特征
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.008
Tohru Kimura

Based on a systemic analysis for the global burden of disease study from 1990 to 2016, the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2016 Alcohol Collaborators reported that alcohol use was a leading risk factor for global disease burden and caused substantial health loss. However, alcoholic drink (wines and sakes) contains abundant nutrients, particularly fermentable amino acids derived from grapes and rice. Amino acid nutrition and metabolism is strongly associated with health and prevention against various diseases. The purpose of this study was to elucidate 40 kinds of free amino acid (FAA) profiles in wines and sakes. In addition, the present study also provided the contents of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) involved in the vital functionality of mitochondria. FAAs were detected and analyzed by use of an automatic amino acid analyzer. Aromatic amino acid, branched chain amino acid and Fischer ratio were calculated for each beverage. Individual FAAs showed significant differences between wines and sakes. Sakes abundantly contained almost all FAAs whereas wines had just a little content in some FAAs. Sake were rich in arginine, glycine, alanine, valine, glutamic acid and leucine, while wines were remarkably rich in proline (Pro). Wines showed increased FAA levels in 6 kinds of variables (4-hydroxyproline, 3-methyl histidine, β-alanine, α-aminobutyric acid, Pro and α-aminoadipic acid). In functionally characteristic FAAs, both wines and sakes were considerably abundant in γ-aminobutyric acid and 5-ALA. The total amount of aromatic amino acid and branched chain amino acid were markedly higher in sakes than in wines. These results revealed that there were the apparent different characteristics in FAA profiles between wines and sakes. This difference resulted from fermentation process in wines (single fermentation) and sakes (parallel double fermentation). Forty kinds of FAA profiles are more useful in investigating characteristics of the taste of wines and sakes. In future, detailed FAA analysis has the potential to find functional nutrients such as 5-ALA, whereas other foods generally contain little amount of these FAAs.

基于对 1990 年至 2016 年全球疾病负担研究的系统分析,2016 年全球疾病负担(GBD)酒精合作者报告称,饮酒是造成全球疾病负担的主要风险因素,并造成巨大的健康损失。然而,酒精饮料(葡萄酒和清酒)含有丰富的营养成分,尤其是从葡萄和大米中提取的可发酵氨基酸。氨基酸的营养和代谢与健康和预防各种疾病密切相关。本研究旨在阐明葡萄酒和清酒中 40 种游离氨基酸(FAA)的特征。此外,本研究还提供了参与线粒体重要功能的 5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)的含量。使用自动氨基酸分析仪对 FAAs 进行了检测和分析。计算了每种饮料的芳香族氨基酸、支链氨基酸和费舍尔比率。葡萄酒和清酒之间的单个 FAAs 存在显著差异。清酒几乎富含所有 FAAs,而葡萄酒只含有少量的某些 FAAs。清酒富含精氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、谷氨酸和亮氨酸,而葡萄酒则明显富含脯氨酸(Pro)。葡萄酒中 6 种变量(4-羟基脯氨酸、3-甲基组氨酸、β-丙氨酸、α-氨基丁酸、Pro 和 α-氨基己二酸)的 FAA 含量均有所增加。在具有功能特征的芳香族氨基酸中,葡萄酒和清酒都含有大量的γ-氨基丁酸和 5-ALA。清酒中芳香氨基酸和支链氨基酸的总量明显高于葡萄酒。这些结果表明,葡萄酒和清酒的 FAA 特征明显不同。这种差异是由葡萄酒(单一发酵)和清酒(平行双发酵)的发酵过程造成的。40 种 FAA 图谱更有助于研究葡萄酒和清酒的口感特征。今后,详细的 FAA 分析有可能发现 5-ALA 等功能性营养素,而其他食品中这些 FAA 的含量通常很少。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous detection of 22 mycotoxins in grape by QuEChERS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry 利用 QuEChERS 和超高效液相色谱-四极杆/比特高分辨质谱法同时检测葡萄中的 22 种霉菌毒素
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.009
Meirong Cao , Jing Wang , Mengtian Wang , Xiaoxuan Yuan , Xu Zhang , Junzhan Ma , Yan Zhang , Qiang Li

To effectively assess the extent of the mycotoxin contamination of grapes, a method was developed to analyze 22 mycotoxins by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS). Samples were extracted and purified using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure. The extracts were separated on a BEH Shield C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), using methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid solution and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate as the mobile phases. The quantification was performed according to a matrix-matched external standard method. There was a good linear relationship within the respective mass concentration ranges of 22 mycotoxins; the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.998 1. The limit of quantification was 0.3–10.0 μg/kg. Mycotoxin recovery ranged from 68.6% to 109.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 1.28%–12.80%. The method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate, making it useful for screening grapes for common and emerging mycotoxins.

为了有效评估葡萄中霉菌毒素的污染程度,我们开发了一种超高效液相色谱-四极杆/比特阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)分析 22 种霉菌毒素的方法。样品采用 QuEChERS(快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用和安全)程序进行提取和纯化。提取物在 BEH Shield C18 色谱柱(100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)上分离,流动相为甲醇和含 0.1% 甲酸溶液和 2 mmol/L 乙酸铵的水。采用基质匹配外标法进行定量。22 种霉菌毒素在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不小于 0.998 1。定量限为 0.3-10.0 μg/kg。霉菌毒素的回收率为 68.6%~109.0%,相对标准偏差为 1.28%~12.80%。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高且准确,可用于筛选葡萄中常见的和新出现的霉菌毒素。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and salivary biochemistry associations of sour-salty taste interaction 酸咸味相互作用的评估与唾液生物化学关联
Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2023.11.010
Hongnan Jiang , Ye Chen , Jianshe Chen , Louise Dye , Xinmiao Wang

Taste interaction is a well-known phenomenon in sensory studies, but how to quantify the magnitude of the effect of one tastant on other taste attribute(s) is still largely unsolved, let alone further explorations from a salivary biochemistry perspective. Upon acquiring the individual taste threshold and evaluating the just noticeable difference (JND), this study firstly established a quantitative method to assess the magnitude of taste interaction in a binary taste mixture by evaluating the concentration difference upon psychologically-comparable stimulation. The change of salty taste intensity (CSI) was therefore defined as the subtraction of JND using sour-salty taste stimulant from JND using pure salty taste stimulant, with a dimension of concentration in mmol/L. CSI was then used to demonstrate how citric acid affected salty taste perception in a salty - sour binary taste mixture in 16 young and healthy participants. Concentrations of citric acid used in the binary taste mixture were 0.05, 0.09, 0.14, 0.24 and 0.40 mmol/L, respectively, and results showed that salty taste perception was enhanced (average CSI of 0.93 mmol/L) when the citric acid concentration was low (at 0.05 and 0.09 mmol/L), but with an increasing concentration of citric acid ranging from 0.14 to 0.40 mmol/L, this effect gradually turned from enhancement to suppression of salty taste perception (correspondingly a continuously decreasing CSI all the way down to an average of –2.94 mmol/L). It was also found that cystatin SN concentration in participants’ unstimulated saliva samples was significantly negatively correlated with salty taste threshold (with and without the presence of citric acid), and it was one of the most significant factors affecting CSI, as shown in multiple regression analysis. Carbonic anhydrase VI concentration in participants’ unstimulated saliva samples was also found to be significantly negatively correlated with salty taste recognition (with and without presence of citric acid), but it did not pose significant effect on CSI. From these results, this study had not only demonstrated a citric acid concentration-dependent salty taste perception phenomenon based on a proposed methodology to quantitively assess the taste interaction in binary taste mixtures, but also showed how salivary biochemical properties (cystatin SN and carbonic anhydrase VI) might have been associated with salty taste perception during food oral processing.

味觉交互作用是感官研究中一个众所周知的现象,但如何量化一种味觉物质对其他味觉属性的影响程度在很大程度上仍未得到解决,更不用说从唾液生物化学的角度进行进一步的探索了。本研究在获得个体味觉阈值和评估刚察觉到的差异(JND)之后,首先建立了一种定量方法,通过评估心理可比刺激下的浓度差异来评估二元味觉混合物中味觉相互作用的大小。因此,咸味强度变化(CSI)被定义为使用酸咸味刺激物时的咸味强度减去使用纯咸味刺激物时的咸味强度,浓度维度为 mmol/L。CSI 随后被用来证明柠檬酸如何影响 16 名年轻健康参与者对咸酸二元味觉混合物中咸味的感知。二元味觉混合物中使用的柠檬酸浓度分别为 0.05、0.09、0.14、0.24 和 0.40 毫摩尔/升,结果显示,当柠檬酸浓度较低时(0.05 和 0.09 毫摩尔/升),咸味感知增强(平均 CSI 为 0.93 毫摩尔/升),但当柠檬酸浓度较高时(0.05 和 0.09 毫摩尔/升),咸味感知降低(平均 CSI 为 0.93 毫摩尔/升)。09 mmol/L),但随着柠檬酸浓度从 0.14 mmol/L 到 0.40 mmol/L 的增加,咸味感知逐渐从增强转为抑制(相应地,CSI 不断下降,直至平均 -2.94 mmol/L)。研究还发现,参与者未刺激唾液样本中的胱抑素 SN 浓度与咸味阈值(有柠檬酸存在和无柠檬酸存在时)呈显著负相关,是影响 CSI 的最重要因素之一,这一点在多元回归分析中有所体现。研究还发现,参与者未刺激唾液样本中碳酸酐酶 VI 的浓度与咸味识别(有柠檬酸和无柠檬酸)呈显著负相关,但对 CSI 没有显著影响。从这些结果来看,本研究不仅根据所提出的量化评估二元味觉混合物中味觉相互作用的方法,证明了柠檬酸浓度依赖咸味感知现象,而且还说明了唾液生化特性(胱抑素 SN 和碳酸酐酶 VI)可能与食品口腔加工过程中的咸味感知有关。
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Journal of Future Foods
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