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On the 'impertinence of impermanence' and three other critiques: Reflections on the relationship between experimentation and lasting – or significant? – change 关于 "无常的无礼 "和其他三点批评:关于实验与持久--或重大--变化之间关系的思考- 变化
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100070
Kim Carlotta von Schönfeld

Experimentation, and street experiments in particular, have led to considerable academic and policy advances in sustainable and inclusive (mobility) planning over the past years. With increased popularity and confidence, the street experiments field has recently begun to turn to in-depth discussions on design and upscaling, more than questions of its own legitimacy or relevance. This commentary nevertheless explores four recurring critiques of (street) experimentation and proposes how looking more deeply at them might empower, rather than weaken, such initiatives. Engaging with these critiques is therefore not meant as a renewed criticism, per se, of (street) experiments. Rather, it recognizes that getting into the technicalities and specific designs and elements that might improve street experiments and their capacity to impact change advances knowledge in the field, but argues that advocates must not forget some key baseline critiques they might face - and be ready to either defend or amend their choices accordingly. This commentary is a call to be more creative and less conforming, and to come back again to the deeper motivations for what (street) experiments are meant to do; or develop a better understanding of those motivations. This commentary also leaves open questions that will require further research. Disconfirming some of the hypotheses emerging here would be no less interesting than confirming them. I hope the readers will thus see this commentary as an invitation for debating and exploring these critiques and reflections further.

在过去几年里,实验,尤其是街道实验,在可持续和包容性(流动性)规划方面取得了巨大的学术和政策进步。随着知名度和信心的增加,街道实验领域最近开始转向对设计和推广的深入讨论,而不是质疑其自身的合法性或相关性。不过,本评论探讨了(街头)实验反复出现的四种批评意见,并提出了更深入地研究这些批评意见会如何增强而不是削弱此类活动的能力。因此,探讨这些批评本身并不是要重新批评(街头)实验。相反,它承认,深入研究技术细节、具体设计和要素,可能会提高街头实验及其影响变革的能力,从而促进该领域知识的发展,但同时也认为,倡导者绝不能忘记他们可能面临的一些关键的基本批评--并准备好相应地为自己的选择辩护或做出修正。这篇评论呼吁人们多一些创新,少一些墨守成规,再次回到(街头)实验的深层动机上来;或者更好地理解这些动机。本评论还提出了一些有待进一步研究的问题。对本文提出的某些假设进行反驳,其意义不亚于对这些假设进行证实。因此,我希望读者能将本评论视为进一步讨论和探讨这些批评与思考的邀请。
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引用次数: 0
Failed pedestrian street experiments in high-density urban Asia: A matter of policies? 亚洲高密度城市中失败的步行街实验:政策问题?
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100069
Caterina Villani , Gianni Talamini

Promoted by sustainable urban agendas and urged by global pandemic measures, street experiments (SE) are booming in Europe but remain latent in Asia. These experiments aim to reconfigure streets as more than spaces for motorized traffic movements, enabling a temporary urban paradigm shift. Such a shift involves balancing active mobility and public space uses in streets while envisioning radically different settings and uses. Recently, eminent scholars urged considering SE in connection to the system and planning framework within which SE are conceived to trace their trajectories. This article examines four decades of temporary-pedestrianization policies and planning instruments in Hong Kong, an Asian city representative of high-density urban environments with highly intensive use of road space and conservative and prescriptive planning. In doing so, the article identifies four trajectories and illustrates two emblematic cases: Chater Road, the first street temporarily pedestrianized under a commercial initiative, and Sai Yeung Choi Street South, a street pedestrianized under a government initiative, now turned back to its original function. The competing roles and practical uses that pedestrianized streets must fulfil partially determined their fate. However, the trajectories these cases followed also differ due to the contextual planning approach and decision-making process. The study contributes to scholarship on SE by shedding new light on the geographical context of high-density urban Asia, forwarding challenges that policymakers might need to address in the planning and governance of SE in similar environments.

在可持续城市议程的推动和全球流行病措施的敦促下,街头实验(SE)在欧洲蓬勃发展,但在亚洲仍处于潜伏状态。这些实验旨在重新配置街道,使其不仅仅是机动车交通的空间,而是实现暂时的城市范式转变。这种转变包括平衡街道上的主动流动性和公共空间使用,同时设想完全不同的设置和使用。最近,著名学者敦促将SE与系统和规划框架联系起来考虑,以确定SE的轨迹。本文考察了香港四十年来的临时行人专用区政策和规划工具。香港是亚洲城市高密度城市环境的代表,道路空间高度密集使用,规划保守而规范。在此过程中,文章确定了四条轨迹,并举例说明了两个具有代表性的案例:遮打道,第一条在商业计划下暂时成为步行街的街道;西洋菜街南,一条在政府计划下成为步行街的街道,现在又恢复了原来的功能。步行街必须满足的竞争角色和实际用途部分决定了它们的命运。然而,由于环境规划方法和决策过程的不同,这些案例遵循的轨迹也有所不同。该研究通过揭示亚洲高密度城市的地理背景,提出政策制定者在类似环境中规划和治理东南城市时可能需要解决的挑战,为东南城市的学术研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming urban mobility and public space through slow streets. A stakeholder approach 通过慢街改造城市交通和公共空间。利益相关者方法
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100068
Thérèse Bajada , Wendy-Jo Mifsud , Sarah Scheiber

In June 2020 the Local Council Association (LCA) in Malta launched the ‘Slow Streets’ action plan to promote active travel and use public transport, while at the same time provide information to reduce mobility. This paper explores people's perceptions and opinions towards this action plan, and the opportunities and challenges perceived and anticipated experiences in the future implementation of it. To do this we use two qualitative datasets: people's perceptions from 84 semi-structured interviews and an N focus group amongst stakeholders. The semi-structured interviews were conducted between February 2022 and April 2022 by intercepting people in the streets of six localities that showed interest in being part of the action plan. The online focus group was conducted in February 2022. The findings show that 66 % of the resident participants were not aware of the action plan, which is of concern when considering the topic of stakeholder involvement. From the qualitative analysis three main themes emerged: car culture, safety and policy. People agreed that there should be permanent interventions to reduce car use. Both stakeholder groups agreed that urban areas should have safe environments for children to play, and engage in sustainable mobility and healthier lifestyles.

2020年6月,马耳他地方议会协会(LCA)启动了“慢街”行动计划,以促进积极出行和使用公共交通工具,同时提供减少流动性的信息。本文探讨了人们对这一行动计划的看法和意见,以及在未来实施中感知到的机遇和挑战以及预期的经验。为了做到这一点,我们使用了两个定性数据集:来自84个半结构化访谈的人们的看法和利益相关者之间的N焦点小组。这种半结构化访谈是在2022年2月至2022年4月期间进行的,他们在6个地区的街道上拦截有兴趣参与行动计划的人。该在线焦点小组于2022年2月进行。调查结果显示,66%的常驻参与者不知道行动计划,这是考虑到利益相关者参与的主题时值得关注的问题。从定性分析中可以看出三个主要主题:汽车文化、安全和政策。人们一致认为应该采取永久性的干预措施来减少汽车的使用。两个利益攸关方团体一致认为,城市地区应为儿童提供安全的玩耍环境,并采取可持续的流动性和更健康的生活方式。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning video analytics for the assessment of street experiments: The case of Bologna 评估街头实验的深度学习视频分析:以博洛尼亚为例
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100067
Giulia Ceccarelli, Federico Messa, Andrea Gorrini, Dante Presicce, Rawad Choubassi

Planning infrastructures and services for sustainable urban mobility is one of the main challenges for European cities. Following these principles, in March 2022, Omitted for blind peer review and the Omitted for blind peer review built a new public space for children in a dismissed parking area located near to a middle school, using the approach of tactical urban planning and participatory design. In this context, this study proposes a methodology for the integration of long term camera-based monitoring for the assessment of temporary streets experiments. The method differs from previous work from literature in its continuous and systematic approach, fostering the implementation of large scale quantitative methodologies in urban interventions. The area was the subject of an extended mobility study with the objective to monitor pedestrian and vehicular flows through video analytics techniques and to detail specific patterns of space use during the pre/ post-intervention phases (data collected over two months). The results of the analyses were processed in order to: (i) identify the activation times of the study area, through metrics describing cumulative pedestrian density and cumulative dwell time; (ii) characterize the relative uses of the study areas following the plaza redevelopment. Results revealed a 43 % growth in the cumulative dwell time recorded in the area following the redevelopment intervention. New use characteristics related to furniture in the plaza emerged, with the most significant cumulative dwell times increase being recorded around these spots. The results presented in this research have made it possible to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed urban regeneration intervention, confirming the use of sensors and innovative analysis technologies to support the iterative design process of urban regeneration interventions.

规划可持续城市交通的基础设施和服务是欧洲城市面临的主要挑战之一。遵循这些原则,2022年3月,省去盲评议和省去盲评议在一所中学附近的废弃停车区建造了一个新的儿童公共空间,采用战术城市规划和参与式设计的方法。在此背景下,本研究提出了一种方法,将基于摄像头的长期监测整合到临时街道实验的评估中。该方法不同于以往的文献工作,其连续和系统的方法,促进了大规模定量方法在城市干预中的实施。该地区是一项扩展流动性研究的主题,目的是通过视频分析技术监测行人和车辆流量,并详细说明干预前/干预后阶段(收集的数据超过两个月)空间使用的具体模式。对分析结果进行处理,以便:(i)通过描述累积行人密度和累积停留时间的指标确定研究区域的激活时间;(ii)界定研究地区在广场重建后的相对用途。结果显示,在重建干预后,该地区的累计停留时间增长了43%。与广场家具相关的新使用特征出现了,在这些地点周围记录了最显著的累积停留时间增加。本研究的结果使得量化拟议的城市更新干预措施的有效性成为可能,确认了传感器和创新分析技术的使用,以支持城市更新干预措施的迭代设计过程。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring bus tracking data to characterize urban traffic congestion 探索公交车跟踪数据以表征城市交通拥堵
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100065
Ana Almeida , Susana Brás , Susana Sargento , Ilídio Oliveira

Quantification of traffic dynamics is a valuable tool for city planning and management. Metrics such as the vehicle average speed, travel time, delays, and count of stops, can be used to characterize mobility and traffic congestion in an area. However, effective study of mobility data is often hindered by the difficulty of gathering mobility data in a practical, inexpensive, and prompt way.

In this work, we explore the use of city buses as mobility probes, using the existing smart city infrastructure deployed in Aveiro, Portugal. We propose a method for traffic congestion detection considering the low vehicle speed, low traffic flow and road occupancy close to its capacity. Three degrees of congestion are identified using the k-means approach; DBSCAN is used to characterize the typical level of congestion in a road. Using four-weeks of mobility data, it was possible to assess the congestion along the day and for the different days of the week; some road segments proved to be consistently prone to congestion. We also studied parameters of driving safety, considering speed and acceleration.

In this work, we show that knowledge discovery can be applied to mobility data being collected by tracking buses, exploring data that is often collected for other purposes also to characterize traffic congestion. These methods can inform decision makers and are easily ported to other cities.

交通动态的量化是城市规划和管理的一个有价值的工具。车辆平均速度、行驶时间、延误和停车次数等指标可用于表征一个地区的机动性和交通拥堵。然而,由于难以以实用、廉价和及时的方式收集流动数据,流动数据的有效研究往往受到阻碍。在这项工作中,我们利用部署在葡萄牙阿威罗的现有智能城市基础设施,探索将城市公交车用作移动探针。我们提出了一种考虑低车速、低交通流量和接近其通行能力的道路占用率的交通拥堵检测方法。使用k均值方法来识别三种拥塞程度;DBSCAN用于表征道路的典型拥堵程度。使用四周的流动性数据,可以评估一天中和一周中不同日子的拥堵情况;事实证明,一些路段一直容易拥堵。我们还研究了考虑速度和加速度的驾驶安全参数。在这项工作中,我们展示了知识发现可以应用于追踪公交车收集的移动数据,探索通常用于其他目的的数据,也可以表征交通拥堵。这些方法可以为决策者提供信息,并很容易移植到其他城市。
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引用次数: 2
People as planners: Stakeholder participation in the street experimentation process using a virtual urban living lab 人作为规划者:使用虚拟城市生活实验室参与街头实验过程的利益相关者
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100063
Karyn Scerri, Maria Attard

The creation and design of intervention for street experimentation is in itself a key challenge in sustainable urban mobility to effectively encourage a modal shift from high car dependence to more active, non-polluting modes of transport. Understanding the needs of the community, including the diverse stakeholders at play, is crucial in implementing successful street experiments that can ultimately manifest into more permanent and systemic change. This study aims to address a current gap between stakeholders and the community in the street experimentation process within the context of the principal urban area of Malta, a car-dependent Euro-Mediterranean island. By collecting initial input from the community and several key stakeholders, a virtual platform to engage the local community is created; a virtual urban living lab (VULL). The VULL is tested in a workshop setting as a method for the collection and visualisation of data in the process of street experimentation. The VULL offers an interactive space for participants to identify barriers that discourage walking and explore and evaluate ideas of street experimentation for the local urban environment. A discussion of preliminary findings from the community's direct input and feedback sheds light on the benefits and challenges of using virtual platforms for stakeholder and community participation in the street experimentation process. The paper concludes by proposing VULLs as a valuable tool for city leaders, urban planners and designers to effectively engage with stakeholders and test new solutions to the complex and pressing issues of urban mobility and public space.

街道实验干预措施的创建和设计本身就是可持续城市交通的一个关键挑战,以有效鼓励从高度依赖汽车转向更积极、无污染的交通方式。了解社区的需求,包括参与其中的不同利益相关者,对于实施成功的街头实验至关重要,这些实验最终可以体现为更持久和系统的变革。本研究旨在解决马耳他主要城市地区(一个依赖汽车的欧洲地中海岛屿)街道实验过程中利益相关者和社区之间的差距。通过收集社区和几个关键利益相关者的初始投入,创建了一个与当地社区互动的虚拟平台;虚拟城市生活实验室(VULL)。VULL在车间环境中进行测试,作为街头实验过程中数据收集和可视化的方法。VULL为参与者提供了一个互动空间,让他们识别阻碍步行的障碍,并探索和评估当地城市环境的街道实验想法。对社区直接投入和反馈的初步结果的讨论揭示了在街头实验过程中使用虚拟平台让利益相关者和社区参与的好处和挑战。论文最后提出,VULL是城市领导人、城市规划者和设计师有效与利益相关者接触的宝贵工具,并测试城市流动性和公共空间这一复杂而紧迫问题的新解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
The impact of service expansion on modal shift from private car to public transport. A quantitative analysis in the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg area, Germany 服务扩展对私家车向公共交通模式转变的影响。德国波恩/莱茵-锡格地区的定量分析
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100064
Andreas Hahn , Christina Pakusch , Gunnar Stevens

Vehicle emissions have been identified as a cause of air pollution and one of the major reasons why air quality in many large German cities such as Berlin, Bonn, Hamburg, Cologne or Munich does not meet EU-wide limits. As a result, in the recent past, judicial driving bans on diesel vehicles have been imposed in many places since those vehicles emit critical pollutant groups. For the increasing urban population, the challenge is whether and how a change of the modal split in favor of the more environmentally and climate-friendly public transport can be achieved.

This paper presents the case of the Federal City of Bonn, one of five model cities sponsored by the German federal government that are testing measures to reduce traffic-related pollutant emissions by expanding the range of public transport services on offer. We present the results of a quantitative survey (N = 14,296) performed in the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg area and the neighboring municipalities as well as the ensuing logistic regressions confirming that a change in individual mobility behavior in favor of public transport is possible through expanding services. Our results show that individual traffic could be reduced, especially on the city's main traffic axes. To sustainably improve air quality, such services must be made permanently available.

车辆排放已被确定为空气污染的原因,也是柏林、波恩、汉堡、科隆或慕尼黑等许多德国大城市空气质量未达到欧盟范围限制的主要原因之一。因此,在最近的一段时间里,许多地方都对柴油车实施了司法驾驶禁令,因为这些车辆会排放关键污染物。对于不断增加的城市人口来说,挑战在于是否以及如何改变交通方式,以支持更环保、更气候友好的公共交通。本文以波恩联邦市为例,该市是德国联邦政府赞助的五个示范城市之一,正在测试通过扩大公共交通服务范围来减少交通相关污染物排放的措施。我们介绍了在波恩/莱茵-西格地区和邻近城市进行的定量调查(N=14296)的结果,以及随后的逻辑回归,证实了通过扩大服务,有利于公共交通的个人流动行为的改变是可能的。我们的研究结果表明,个人交通可以减少,尤其是在城市的主要交通轴线上。为了可持续地改善空气质量,必须永久提供此类服务。
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引用次数: 0
I bet you feel safe! assessing cyclists’ subjective safety by objective scores 我打赌你会感到安全!用客观分数评估骑自行车者的主观安全
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100066
Stefan Fuest , Mariana Batista , Frauke Luise Berghoefer , Morten Flesser , Bhagya Shrithi Grandhi , Felix Spühler , Monika Sester , Mark Vollrath

Feeling safe is a major issue for cyclists, and some potential cyclists are still deterred from using the bicycle because they feel too unsafe. Assessing the subjective safety of existing cycling infrastructures and locations can be done by questionnaires that show pictures of infrastructures and ask participants for their safety ratings. However, future cycling infrastructures should also be evaluated as safe even before they are implemented. Therefore, it is desirable to have a method that is able to predict safety from infrastructural information. This study aims to propose two different ways for such a method and to test both ways in a use case. We first developed two scores, namely the Repertory Grid (RG) Score and the FixMyBerlin (FMB) Score, which predict subjective safety from objective environmental information but use different data bases and different methodologies. In a second step, we validated these scores by comparing them to questionnaire ratings that evaluated cyclists’ subjective safety at 20 locations in the city of Braunschweig, Germany. Finally, we compared the two scores as well as the questionnaire ratings with objective safety measures, namely crash statistics, at the respective locations. The results show that the RG Score has a moderate agreement and the FMB Score has a fair agreement with the questionnaire ratings. All methods agree on the overall safety evaluation of various cycling facilities. However, the RG Score showed less variance in the safety ratings, whereas the FMB Score rated most locations more unsafe than the participants in the questionnaire. Interestingly, neither the scores nor the questionnaire ratings could sufficiently deduce the occurrence of a crash at one of the locations. The findings strengthen the importance of subjective safety as a construct independent of objective safety. Furthermore, they provide insights into aspects of subjective safety that can easily be measured by objective scores, and into aspects that are important for cyclists but were not yet covered by the scores. This study, therefore, provides a basis for future considerations and future evaluation methods to assess the subjective safety of cyclists.

对骑自行车的人来说,安全感是一个主要问题,一些潜在的骑自行车的人们仍然不敢使用自行车,因为他们觉得太不安全了。可以通过问卷调查来评估现有自行车基础设施和地点的主观安全性,问卷显示基础设施的图片,并询问参与者的安全评级。然而,即使在实施之前,未来的自行车基础设施也应该被评估为安全的。因此,希望有一种能够根据基础设施信息预测安全性的方法。本研究旨在为这种方法提出两种不同的方法,并在用例中测试这两种方法。我们首先开发了两个评分,即汇编网格(RG)评分和FixMyBerlin(FMB)评分,它们根据客观环境信息预测主观安全性,但使用不同的数据库和不同的方法。在第二步中,我们通过将这些分数与问卷评分进行比较来验证这些分数,问卷评分评估了德国布伦瑞克市20个地点骑自行车者的主观安全性。最后,我们将这两个分数以及问卷评分与各自地点的客观安全措施(即碰撞统计数据)进行了比较。结果表明,RG评分与问卷评分具有适度一致性,FMB评分与问卷评级具有公平一致性。所有方法都同意对各种自行车设施进行整体安全评估。然而,RG评分显示安全评级的差异较小,而FMB评分则认为大多数地点比问卷中的参与者更不安全。有趣的是,无论是分数还是问卷评分都无法充分推断其中一个地点发生了车祸。研究结果强化了主观安全作为一种独立于客观安全的结构的重要性。此外,它们还深入了解了可以通过客观分数轻松衡量的主观安全方面,以及对骑自行车的人来说很重要但尚未被分数覆盖的方面。因此,这项研究为未来评估骑车人主观安全的考虑因素和评估方法提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Improving women's accessibility to public transport through participatory street experiments: The case of Maltepe, Istanbul 通过参与式街道实验改善妇女乘坐公共交通的可及性:伊斯坦布尔马尔特佩的案例
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100062
Eda Beyazit , Imge Akcakaya Waite , Hanna Balik , Arzu Erturan , Bahadır Keşan

Building on the literature concerning gender-responsive mobility, this paper aims to explore how street experiments can be used to promote gendered mobilities and create streetscapes in order to prioritise the needs of women in the improvement of access to public transport that grants them access to the many facets of urban life. It argues that by creating more inclusive and accessible streets through participatory planning and design processes, women will have greater opportunities to participate in and benefit from public transport. To that end, a street experiment project, TOPUK, was used as a case study focusing on improving women's access to public transport in Maltepe, Istanbul. The methodology consists of the critical assessment of various participation methods and a detailed narrative of the project process. Accessibility, mobility, and safety were found to be the most important women-centric public transportation issues addressed through participatory pop-up design solutions at the street level, most of which were implemented despite bureaucratic obstacles. The paper concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned from the TOPUK project and how these lessons can be applied to future street experiments to create more gender-responsive and inclusive living environments.

在有关促进性别平等的流动性的文献的基础上,本文旨在探索如何利用街头实验来促进性别流动性并创造街景,以便在改善公共交通的使用方面优先考虑妇女的需求,从而使她们能够接触城市生活的方方面面。它认为,通过参与式规划和设计过程,创造更具包容性和无障碍的街道,妇女将有更多机会参与公共交通并从中受益。为此,一个名为TOPUK的街头实验项目被用作案例研究,重点是改善伊斯坦布尔马尔特佩妇女使用公共交通的机会。该方法包括对各种参与方法的批判性评估和对项目过程的详细叙述。无障碍、机动性和安全性被发现是以妇女为中心的最重要的公共交通问题,通过街道一级的参与式弹出式设计解决方案来解决,其中大多数都是在官僚障碍的情况下实施的。论文最后讨论了从TOPUK项目中吸取的经验教训,以及如何将这些经验教训应用于未来的街头实验,以创造更具性别敏感性和包容性的生活环境。
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引用次数: 0
Learning from informal gendered mobilities: Towards a holistic understanding for experimenting with city streets 从非正式的性别流动中学习:对城市街道试验的整体理解
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2023.100061
Krity Gera , Peter Hasdell

This paper argues that the right to access public spaces and streets is impacted not only because of automobility but also by socio-spatial factors of the urban environment. This paper presents insights towards a holistic understanding for street experiments (with a focus on stationary and slow travel modes) by highlighting the factors that impact the conditions of mobility and access through the lens of gender. By adopting a combination of new technologies, such as GPS, along with mobile methods, like ethnography, this research centres around the everyday travel experiences of urban marginalized women (UMW) from peri‑urban areas of New Delhi who contest their right to access public spaces on a day-to-day basis. This study examines the socio-spatial environment comprising the daily mobilities of UMW to reveal the conditions of mobility and access to public spaces. The findings highlight that the issues faced by these women while travelling, mainly guided by aspects of gender, act as barriers to their mobility and access to public spaces (streets) in urban informal conditions. The study also reveals elements of urban informality (socio-spatial elements) enhance as well as negatively on the daily mobilities of UMW. These socio-spatial factors were found to be interconnected to one another and thus cannot be implemented as individual or isolated factors. The results of the study support the proposal of a more inclusive and accessible public space.

本文认为,进入公共空间和街道的权利不仅受到汽车性的影响,还受到城市环境的社会空间因素的影响。本文通过从性别角度强调影响流动和进入条件的因素,为全面理解街头实验(重点关注静止和慢速旅行模式)提供了见解。通过将GPS等新技术与民族志等移动方法相结合,这项研究围绕着来自新德里城郊地区的城市边缘化妇女的日常旅行体验展开,她们每天都在争夺进入公共空间的权利。本研究考察了包括UMW日常流动性的社会空间环境,以揭示流动性和进入公共空间的条件。调查结果强调,这些妇女在旅行时面临的问题,主要是受性别因素的影响,阻碍了她们在城市非正规条件下的流动和进入公共空间(街道)。该研究还揭示了城市非正规性因素(社会空间因素)对UMW的日常流动性的增强和负面影响。这些社会空间因素被发现是相互关联的,因此不能作为单独或孤立的因素来实施。研究结果支持建立一个更具包容性和无障碍的公共空间的建议。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Urban Mobility
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