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Assessing service characteristics of an automated transit on-demand service 评估自动化公交点播服务的服务特征
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100038
Yves M. Räth , Milos Balac , Sebastian Hörl , Kay W. Axhausen

With the introduction of automated vehicles, new operating regimes for public transport services will become possible. A station-based Automated Transit on Demand service could be an attractive alternative to the current modes of transportation. In this paper, the impact of this kind of service on the modal share for the city of Zurich, Switzerland, and its surrounding area is modeled using an agent-based approach. Different scenarios regarding the operating area, pricing scheme, and a cordon charge are tested on their potential to make use of the benefits of the new service while preventing an overflow of automated vehicles in the urban core. Results show that if left unconstrained the proposed service can substantially impact the demand for public transport. A pricing scheme that bases the pricing of the new service relative to the accessibility of the current public transport service is a promising solution to increase the accessibility of the rural areas while maintaining a high modal share for public transport in the city center. Finally, using an optimization algorithm we show that the total car-fleet and public parking space can be reduced at the cost of a slight increase in vehicle kilometers traveled. Moreover, we find that the cost coverage of the proposed transit service is potentially much higher in comparison to current public transport services.

随着自动化车辆的引入,公共交通服务的新运营制度将成为可能。以车站为基础的按需自动公交服务可能是目前交通方式的一种有吸引力的替代方案。在本文中,使用基于代理的方法对这种服务对瑞士苏黎世市及其周边地区的模式份额的影响进行了建模。针对运营区域、定价方案和警戒线收费的不同场景,测试了它们在利用新服务优势的同时防止城市核心区自动化车辆泛滥的潜力。结果表明,如果不受约束,拟议的服务可能会对公共交通需求产生重大影响。将新服务的定价建立在当前公共交通服务可及性的基础上的定价方案是一个很有前途的解决方案,可以提高农村地区的可及性,同时保持市中心公共交通的高模式份额。最后,使用优化算法,我们表明,总车队和公共停车位可以减少,但代价是车辆行驶公里数略有增加。此外,我们发现,与目前的公共交通服务相比,拟议公交服务的成本覆盖率可能要高得多。
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引用次数: 2
MaaS platform features: An exploration of their relationship and importance from supply and demand perspective MaaS平台特征:从供需角度探讨它们的关系和重要性
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100028
Alexia Athanasopoulou, Tom Deijkers, Baris Ozkan, Oktay Turetken

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) aims to offer travelers easy and convenient access to transportation modes via a joint digital channel, often in a mobile application. MaaS has the potential to fundamentally change the way we commute as it encourages a more sustainable travel behavior. MaaS, as a business model, is an innovative concept that integrates a variety of these solutions and can significantly change the mobility environment by encouraging sustainable travel behavior. Despite the existing initiatives and efforts toward MaaS solutions, there is still no consensus on the essential features of MaaS platforms for actors from the supply and demand sides. This study explores the critical features of MaaS platforms from the perspective of mobility service providers - MSP (i.e., supply-side) and travelers (i.e., demand-side). We collected data via interviews with mobility experts for the supply side and a survey for the users' side. Based on a Gaussian Graphical Model, our results show that optimizing the number and use of the vehicles and appropriate data handling are the essential features of a MaaS platform for the MSPs. For the travelers, although retrieval of personal information and enhancing services, such as suggestions on local events and concert tickets, are expected, they are considered less significant. Our study provides insights into the features of MaaS platforms through synthesized and prioritized features -including their relationships-which would be helpful both for research and practice.

移动即服务(MaaS)旨在通过联合数字渠道(通常是在移动应用程序中)为旅行者提供方便的交通方式。MaaS有可能从根本上改变我们的通勤方式,因为它鼓励更可持续的旅行行为。MaaS作为一种商业模式,是一个创新的概念,它集成了各种解决方案,可以通过鼓励可持续的旅行行为来显著改变出行环境。尽管现有的MaaS解决方案举措和努力,但对于MaaS平台的基本特征,供需双方仍未达成共识。本研究从移动服务提供商MSP(即供应方)和旅行者(即需求方)的角度探讨了MaaS平台的关键特征。我们通过对供应方移动专家的采访和对用户方的调查收集了数据。基于高斯图形模型,我们的结果表明,优化车辆的数量和使用以及适当的数据处理是MSP的MaaS平台的基本特征。对于旅行者来说,尽管检索个人信息和加强服务(如当地活动和音乐会门票的建议)是意料之中的事,但它们被认为不那么重要。我们的研究通过综合和优先的特征深入了解了MaaS平台的特征,包括它们之间的关系,这对研究和实践都有帮助。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluating the accessibility benefits of the new BRT system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Winnipeg, Canada 评估加拿大温尼伯新冠肺炎大流行期间新快速公交系统的无障碍效益
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100016
Suraj Shirodkar Singh , Reyhane Javanmard , Jinhyung Lee , Junghwan Kim , Ehab Diab

Recently, in Winnipeg, the implementation of new bus rapid transit (BRT) system in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised many concerns, challenging the rationale behind the untimely release. However, the new BRT service can benefit low-income, socio-economically vulnerable, and transit captive passengers who must travel to essential services and work opportunities during the pandemic. This study evaluates whether the new BRT system has positive impacts on accessibility to such essential services during the pandemic. Isochrones with different time budgets as well as times of a day are generated based on high-resolution public transit network via the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data and used for evaluating accessibility benefits before and after the BRT construction. The new BRT service in Winnipeg demonstrates varying accessibility impacts across different parts of the BRT corridor. Areas near dedicated lane-section show a significant increase, whereas areas near non-dedicated lane sections show a decrease in accessibility. Nevertheless, across the whole BRT corridor, the new BRT service presents an overall increase in accessibility to essential services. This demonstrates the positive accessibility benefits of the new BRT service to residents seeking essential services during the COVID-19 pandemic. A decrease in accessibility along some parts suggests the necessity of using local transit improvement strategies (e.g., dedicated lanes) to improve service speed when planning BRT services within urban areas.

最近,在温尼伯,在新冠肺炎大流行期间实施新的快速公交(BRT)系统引发了许多担忧,挑战了不合时宜发布背后的理由。然而,新的快速公交服务可以使低收入、社会经济弱势和过境滞留乘客受益,他们在疫情期间必须前往基本服务和工作机会。本研究评估了新的快速公交系统是否对疫情期间获得此类基本服务产生了积极影响。基于高分辨率公共交通网络,通过通用公交馈线规范(GTFS)数据生成具有不同时间预算和一天中不同时间的等时线,并用于评估BRT建设前后的可达性效益。温尼伯的新快速公交服务表明,快速公交走廊不同部分的可达性影响各不相同。专用车道附近的区域显示出显著的增加,而非专用车道附近区域显示出可接近性的下降。尽管如此,在整个快速公交走廊上,新的快速公交服务总体上提高了基本服务的可及性。这证明了新的快速公交服务对新冠肺炎大流行期间寻求基本服务的居民的积极无障碍效益。一些地区的可达性下降表明,在规划城市区域内的快速公交服务时,有必要使用当地交通改善策略(如专用车道)来提高服务速度。
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引用次数: 5
Pedaling through a virtually redesigned city: Evaluation of traffic planning and urban design factors influencing bicycle traffic 在一个几乎重新设计的城市中骑行:影响自行车交通的交通规划和城市设计因素的评价
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100032
Daniela Ullmann, Julian Kreimeier, H. Kipke
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引用次数: 2
(In)capacity to implement measures for increased cycling? Experiences and perspectives from cycling planners in Sweden 是否有能力采取措施增加骑车人数?瑞典自行车规划者的经验和观点
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100029
Jens Alm, T. Koglin
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引用次数: 2
Identifying, nurturing and empowering alternative mobility narratives 识别、培育和授权不同的流动性叙事
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100031
M. Brömmelstroet, M. Mladenović, Anna Nikolaeva, I. Gaziulusoy, Antonio Ferreira, K. Schmidt-Thomé, Roope Ritvos, Silvia Sousa, Bernadette Bergsma
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引用次数: 3
Pedaling through a virtually redesigned city: Evaluation of traffic planning and urban design factors influencing bicycle traffic 在几乎重新设计的城市中骑行:影响自行车交通的交通规划和城市设计因素评估
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100032
Daniela Ullmann, Julian Kreimeier, Harald Kipke

To achieve the 1.5-degree target of the Paris Climate Agreement, it is of great importance to promote environmentally friendly means of transport. In urban areas, shifting motorized trips to active transport modes (i.e., walking and cycling) is essential. Therefore, knowledge of walking and cycling is indispensable for planning and policy, which is the basis for targeted promotion of active forms of mobility. This paper aims to identify factors that specifically influence cycling and to derive recommendations for action for planning and policy in a virtual testbed. Specifically, the influence of traffic planning measures (i.e., structural infrastructure facilities for stationary and moving traffic as well as traffic regulations) and urban design measures (i.e., the design of public space) on the promotion of cycling will be shown. For this purpose, a virtual reality simulation was used, independent of different external conditions during field surveys and the necessity of time-, cost- and regulation-intensive structural changes. Using an improved bicycle simulator, 93 people cycled through 20 variations of an approximately 680 m long road section, surveying the effect of selected traffic planning and urban design parameters. Special attention was paid to the subjective safety of the cyclists and the attractiveness of the urban environment. Furthermore, three types of infrastructure were differentiated: No bicycle infrastructure (riding on the roadway), a bicycle lane, and a structurally separated cycle path next to the sidewalk. The virtual road section represented a real location. In addition to the findings gained from the physiological optimization of the simulator, the results show that roadside greenery had the highest effectiveness in terms of subjective safety and attractiveness. Other factors with a high influence were a speed reduction from 50 to 30 km/h when riding on the roadway with cars and the red coloring of the bicycle lane, each increasing the perception of safety. In contrast, a lack of a boundary line between the cycle path and the sidewalk was unsettling for those who rarely or never ride bicycles in their daily lives. In addition, restaurant and recreation areas increased the attractiveness of the road section, although entailing a lower perception of safety. Other factors, such as motor vehicle traffic volume or vehicles parked at the roadside, showed no significant effects on the evaluation of cycling.

With the help of these findings, the consequences of traffic planning and urban design measures can be better assessed in subsequent virtual testbeds. Also, initial trends can be identified as to which planning instruments should be used as a priority to promote cycling in urban areas. Future work should validate the transfer of these insights into physical urban spaces to support further the mid-term transformation towards sustainable urban mobility using scientific evidence.

为了实现《巴黎气候协定》的1.5度目标,推广环保交通工具至关重要。在城市地区,将机动出行转变为积极的交通方式(即步行和骑自行车)至关重要。因此,步行和骑自行车的知识对于规划和政策是必不可少的,这是有针对性地促进积极的流动形式的基础。本文旨在确定具体影响自行车运动的因素,并在虚拟试验台中得出规划和政策的行动建议。具体而言,将展示交通规划措施(即固定和移动交通的结构基础设施以及交通法规)和城市设计措施(即公共空间设计)对促进自行车运动的影响。为此,使用了虚拟现实模拟,独立于实地调查期间的不同外部条件以及时间、成本和监管密集型结构变化的必要性。使用改进的自行车模拟器,93人在大约680米长的路段上骑行了20种变体,调查了选定的交通规划和城市设计参数的影响。特别注意骑车人的主观安全和城市环境的吸引力。此外,还区分了三种类型的基础设施:无自行车基础设施(在道路上骑行)、自行车道和人行道旁结构分离的自行车道。虚拟路段表示真实位置。除了从模拟器的生理优化中获得的结果外,结果还表明,路边绿化在主观安全性和吸引力方面具有最高的有效性。其他影响较大的因素包括在有车的道路上骑行时速度从50公里/小时降低到30公里/小时,以及自行车道的红色,每一种都增加了安全感。相比之下,对于那些在日常生活中很少或从不骑自行车的人来说,自行车道和人行道之间缺乏边界线是令人不安的。此外,餐厅和娱乐区增加了路段的吸引力,尽管这意味着安全感较低。其他因素,如机动车交通量或路边停放的车辆,对自行车的评估没有显著影响。借助这些发现,交通规划和城市设计措施的后果可以在随后的虚拟试验台中得到更好的评估。此外,可以确定哪些规划工具应作为优先事项用于促进城市地区自行车运动的初步趋势。未来的工作应该验证将这些见解转移到城市物理空间,以利用科学证据进一步支持向可持续城市流动性的中期转型。
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引用次数: 2
Identifying, nurturing and empowering alternative mobility narratives 识别、培育和增强替代流动性叙事
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100031
Marco te Brömmelstroet , Miloš N. Mladenović , Anna Nikolaeva , İdil Gaziulusoy , Antonio Ferreira , Kaisa Schmidt-Thomé , Roope Ritvos , Silvia Sousa , Bernadette Bergsma

Our mainstream mobility thinking is narrowly framed: it highlights the role of mobility in economic and urban growth, individual speed and system efficiency, but obscures its role in reproducing inequalities, and in driving unsustainable developments on a global scale. Critically, however, this narrative obscures our view on the increasingly problematic societal and environmental ‘externalities’ of mobility, such as its significant contribution to climate change, air pollution, social exclusion, deaths and injuries, public health issues and landscape degradation. With such high stakes for our common mobility futures, how can we identify seeds of emerging alternatives, nurture and amplify their potential impact and empower emerging alternative futures?

我们的主流流动性思想是狭隘的:它强调了流动性在经济和城市增长、个人速度和系统效率中的作用,但掩盖了它在再现不平等和推动全球不可持续发展方面的作用。然而,至关重要的是,这种说法掩盖了我们对流动性日益严重的社会和环境“外部性”的看法,例如它对气候变化、空气污染、社会排斥、伤亡、公共卫生问题和景观退化的重大贡献。在我们共同的流动性未来面临如此高的风险的情况下,我们如何识别新兴替代品的种子,培育和扩大其潜在影响,并赋予新兴替代品未来权力?
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引用次数: 3
Struggling with inertia: Regime barriers opposing planning and implementation of urban ropeways 与惯性作斗争:反对城市索道规划和实施的制度障碍
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100023
Max Reichenbach, Maike Puhe

Urban ropeways are a novel option to extend public transport. Technically suited to a range of use cases, urban ropeways have not yet been implemented as part of a public transport solution in Germany. Rather than the technology itself, specific routines and practices of the public transport service regime have been identified as main challenges. Building on series of expert workshops conducted in 2017 (23 participants in total), we look beyond technical characteristics and study the preparedness of service regime actors regarding processes and routines as well as structural factors of inertia. Generally, we observe an increasing openness towards reflecting about integrating urban ropeways into public transport. However, misalignment is still clearly visible: First, lacking experiences with this new option at the local level imply a time-consuming need for information and clarification. Second, and more fundamentally, the suitability of established planning routines is questioned, which is critical because the dense regulatory framework existing in Germany currently requires these. We discuss the implications at the level of the service regime and the relevance of these structural mechanisms in considering technological potentials in a mobility transition more generally.

城市索道是扩展公共交通的一种新颖选择。在德国,城市索道在技术上适合于一系列用例,尚未作为公共交通解决方案的一部分实施。主要挑战不是技术本身,而是公共交通服务制度的具体惯例和做法。在2017年举办的一系列专家研讨会(共23名参与者)的基础上,我们超越技术特征,研究服务制度参与者在流程和惯例以及惯性结构因素方面的准备情况。总的来说,我们观察到人们对将城市索道纳入公共交通的反思越来越开放。然而,错位现象仍然明显:首先,在地方一级缺乏这一新选择的经验意味着需要耗时的信息和澄清。其次,更根本的是,既定规划程序的适用性受到质疑,这一点至关重要,因为德国现有的密集监管框架目前需要这些程序。我们讨论了服务制度层面的影响,以及这些结构机制在更广泛地考虑流动性转型中的技术潜力方面的相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Struggling with inertia: Regime barriers opposing planning and implementation of urban ropeways 与惯性作斗争:反对规划和实施城市索道的制度障碍
Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100023
M. Reichenbach, M. Puhe
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Urban Mobility
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