Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.010.011
Chunting Hua, Siyuan Sun, Hao Cheng, Rui Han
L1 is the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) encoded by late gene 1. Based on the fact that L1 can self-assemble into virus like particle (VLP) with good immunogenicity, it has aroused wide concern in studying the pathogenesis of and vaccines against HPV. Nevertheless, there are a few limitations of present L1-based HPV vaccines. For instance, low expression of the protein and the complexity of purification result in the relatively low yield of vaccines. Type-specific antibody induced by L1 also results in the unsatisfactory cross-protection rate. Furthermore, there is no reported therapeutic effect against HPV-related diseases because of its undefined role in virus eliminating. This review focused on the structure, immunogenicity and role in immune response of L1 and the development of and latest progress in HPV vaccines. Key words: Human papillomavirus; Major capsid protein L1; Virus like particle; HPV vaccine
{"title":"Advance in human papillomavirus major capsid protein L1-based vaccines","authors":"Chunting Hua, Siyuan Sun, Hao Cheng, Rui Han","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.010.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.010.011","url":null,"abstract":"L1 is the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) encoded by late gene 1. Based on the fact that L1 can self-assemble into virus like particle (VLP) with good immunogenicity, it has aroused wide concern in studying the pathogenesis of and vaccines against HPV. Nevertheless, there are a few limitations of present L1-based HPV vaccines. For instance, low expression of the protein and the complexity of purification result in the relatively low yield of vaccines. Type-specific antibody induced by L1 also results in the unsatisfactory cross-protection rate. Furthermore, there is no reported therapeutic effect against HPV-related diseases because of its undefined role in virus eliminating. This review focused on the structure, immunogenicity and role in immune response of L1 and the development of and latest progress in HPV vaccines. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Human papillomavirus; Major capsid protein L1; Virus like particle; HPV vaccine","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"788-793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.007
Wenling Wang, Ren Yang, Qianqian Song, Huijuan Wang, Yao Deng, Li Zhao, W. Tan
Objective To establish an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and to compare the efficiency of receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins in different forms for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibody detection. Methods The monomeric and trimeric forms of MERS-CoV RBD were expressed in Bac-insect cells, 293T cells and ExpiCHO-S™ expression system and then purified. The purified RBD proteins were identified with native gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Then, an equal amount of each RBD protein was used as coating antigen to establish an ELISA for detecting MERS-CoV IgG titer. For comparison, the newly developed ELISA and the commercial MERS-CoV IgG antibody detection kit (Euroimmune with S1 as the coating antigen) were used to measure the MERS-CoV antibody reference panel supplied by World Health Organization (WHO). Results The purified monomeric and trimeric MERS-CoV RBD were successfully prepared using 293T cells and ExpiCHO-S™ system. RBD antigens of different forms and from different systems could recognize MERS-CoV specific antibody without having any cross reaction with the sera from healthy adults. The in-house RBD-based ELISA had good detection consistency with the Euroimmune commercial kit. The positive samples showed higher and more concentrated values based on the RBD trimer than the monomer. Conclusions Novel indirect ELISA methods based on the monomeric and trimeric forms of RBD protein were established. The trimetric form-based ELISA achieved higher detection efficiency than the one using the monomer antigen, suggesting that it could be uses as a competent alternative to the commercial kit. Key words: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); Receptor binding domain (RBD); Antibody; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
{"title":"Establishment and evaluation of receptor binding domain (RBD)-based ELISA for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibody detection","authors":"Wenling Wang, Ren Yang, Qianqian Song, Huijuan Wang, Yao Deng, Li Zhao, W. Tan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To establish an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and to compare the efficiency of receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins in different forms for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibody detection. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The monomeric and trimeric forms of MERS-CoV RBD were expressed in Bac-insect cells, 293T cells and ExpiCHO-S™ expression system and then purified. The purified RBD proteins were identified with native gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Then, an equal amount of each RBD protein was used as coating antigen to establish an ELISA for detecting MERS-CoV IgG titer. For comparison, the newly developed ELISA and the commercial MERS-CoV IgG antibody detection kit (Euroimmune with S1 as the coating antigen) were used to measure the MERS-CoV antibody reference panel supplied by World Health Organization (WHO). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The purified monomeric and trimeric MERS-CoV RBD were successfully prepared using 293T cells and ExpiCHO-S™ system. RBD antigens of different forms and from different systems could recognize MERS-CoV specific antibody without having any cross reaction with the sera from healthy adults. The in-house RBD-based ELISA had good detection consistency with the Euroimmune commercial kit. The positive samples showed higher and more concentrated values based on the RBD trimer than the monomer. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Novel indirect ELISA methods based on the monomeric and trimeric forms of RBD protein were established. The trimetric form-based ELISA achieved higher detection efficiency than the one using the monomer antigen, suggesting that it could be uses as a competent alternative to the commercial kit. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV); Receptor binding domain (RBD); Antibody; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"763-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48702304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.005
Haiyao Gao, M. Li, H. Feng, Juntang Lin, Yonghai Li
Objective To study the role of Treg cells in the development of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through depleting or transplanting Treg cells. Methods C57BL/6 mice were injected with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody to deplete natural CD25-expressing Treg cells in vivo, and then treated with MOG35-55/CFA to induce EAE. Their EAE scores were compared with those of the mice without Treg cell deletion (control group). The numbers and percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ cells in mouse blood samples on 6 d, 10 d, 20 d and 35 d were quantified using flow cytometry. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Treg cells transplantation on EAE, magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate Treg cells from spleen and lymph nodes of Foxp3GFP+ transgenic mice on 6 d after EAE induction. Then the cells were injected through tail vein into wild-type mice on 6 d after EAE induction. The EAE scores of both recipient and control mice were recorded and compared. Results The efficiency of natural Treg cells depletion with anti-CD25 antibody was above 95%. The mice with Treg cell depletion developed significantly more severe EAE than the control mice after MOG35-55/CFA induction. FACS analysis of Treg cells during the development of EAE demonstrated that the lowest Treg cell percentage was detected on 6 d after EAE induction, hence it was the time point for the transplantation of Treg cells. CD4+ GFP+ Treg cells were isolated from Foxp3GFP+ transgenic mice on 6 d after EAE induction and immediately transplanted into wild-type mice on 6 d after EAE induction. The transplantation of isolated Treg cells significantly alleviated the EAE in mice as compared with the control group. Conclusions Mice with Treg cell depletion developed severer EAE than the control mice after induction, but the EAE score could be significantly reduced with the transplantation of Treg cells. This study showed that the transplanted Treg cells had protective effect on mice during the course of EAE development. Thus, Treg cell transplantation could be used as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Key words: Multiple sclerosis; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Regulatory T cell
{"title":"Therapeutic effect of regulatory T cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","authors":"Haiyao Gao, M. Li, H. Feng, Juntang Lin, Yonghai Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the role of Treg cells in the development of mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) through depleting or transplanting Treg cells. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000C57BL/6 mice were injected with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody to deplete natural CD25-expressing Treg cells in vivo, and then treated with MOG35-55/CFA to induce EAE. Their EAE scores were compared with those of the mice without Treg cell deletion (control group). The numbers and percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ cells in mouse blood samples on 6 d, 10 d, 20 d and 35 d were quantified using flow cytometry. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Treg cells transplantation on EAE, magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to isolate Treg cells from spleen and lymph nodes of Foxp3GFP+ transgenic mice on 6 d after EAE induction. Then the cells were injected through tail vein into wild-type mice on 6 d after EAE induction. The EAE scores of both recipient and control mice were recorded and compared. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The efficiency of natural Treg cells depletion with anti-CD25 antibody was above 95%. The mice with Treg cell depletion developed significantly more severe EAE than the control mice after MOG35-55/CFA induction. FACS analysis of Treg cells during the development of EAE demonstrated that the lowest Treg cell percentage was detected on 6 d after EAE induction, hence it was the time point for the transplantation of Treg cells. CD4+ GFP+ Treg cells were isolated from Foxp3GFP+ transgenic mice on 6 d after EAE induction and immediately transplanted into wild-type mice on 6 d after EAE induction. The transplantation of isolated Treg cells significantly alleviated the EAE in mice as compared with the control group. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Mice with Treg cell depletion developed severer EAE than the control mice after induction, but the EAE score could be significantly reduced with the transplantation of Treg cells. This study showed that the transplanted Treg cells had protective effect on mice during the course of EAE development. Thus, Treg cell transplantation could be used as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Multiple sclerosis; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Regulatory T cell","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"752-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46493094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.004
Yajie Cui, Chunlan Song, Y. Cheng, Fangzhou Chen, Junhao Cui, X. Gu, Lin Zhu, Peng Li, Changqing Li
Objective To investigate the value of abnormal expression of HLA-DR on peripheral blood monocytes in evaluating the immune function status, clinical prognosis and severity of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods From June 2017 to October 2018, 100 cases of mild HFMD, 80 cases of severe HFMD, 32 cases of critical HFMD and 40 healthy children (control group) were recruited in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, lower DR group (DR-L, HLA-DR expression 30%) according to the HLA-DR expression on monocytes. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD14+ monocytes expressing HLA-DR and the absolute count of lymphocyte subsets. Immunoturbidimetry was used to detect the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA in plasma samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in plasma samples. Pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) and the pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ) were used to estimate the severity of HFMD. Results ① There were significant differences in HLA-DR expression on monocytes among children with mild, severe and critical HFMD (F=47.102, P 0.05). ④ Compared with the DR-N group, the DR-L group showed decreased IFN-γ level and increased IL-10 level in plasma (P<0.05). The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 of the DR-L group was lower than that of the DR-N group and control group (P<0.05). HLA-DR expression was negatively correlated with the concentration of IL-10 in plasma (r=-0.704, P<0.05), and positively correlated with the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (r=0.773, P<0.05). ⑤ Compared with the DR-N group, the DR-L group showed lower PCIS and higher PRISM Ⅲ. HLA-DR expression was positively correlated with PCIS (r=0.715, P=0.00) and negatively correlated with PRISM Ⅲ (r=-0.610, P=0.00). ⑥ The incidence of pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary failure and the mortality of HFMD patients in the DR-L group were significantly higher than those in the DR-N group (P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with severe or critical HFMD had cellular immune dysfunction and abnormal HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes. Assessing the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes could be used to evaluate the cellular immunity of patients with severe or critical HFMD. Lower expression of HLA-DR on CD14+ monocytes might be associated with severe HFMD and poor prognosis. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease; HLA-DR; Cellular immunity
{"title":"Value of abnormal HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes in estimating immune function status and clinical prognosis of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease","authors":"Yajie Cui, Chunlan Song, Y. Cheng, Fangzhou Chen, Junhao Cui, X. Gu, Lin Zhu, Peng Li, Changqing Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the value of abnormal expression of HLA-DR on peripheral blood monocytes in evaluating the immune function status, clinical prognosis and severity of patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000From June 2017 to October 2018, 100 cases of mild HFMD, 80 cases of severe HFMD, 32 cases of critical HFMD and 40 healthy children (control group) were recruited in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, lower DR group (DR-L, HLA-DR expression 30%) according to the HLA-DR expression on monocytes. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD14+ monocytes expressing HLA-DR and the absolute count of lymphocyte subsets. Immunoturbidimetry was used to detect the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA in plasma samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in plasma samples. Pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) and the pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM Ⅲ) were used to estimate the severity of HFMD. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000① There were significant differences in HLA-DR expression on monocytes among children with mild, severe and critical HFMD (F=47.102, P 0.05). ④ Compared with the DR-N group, the DR-L group showed decreased IFN-γ level and increased IL-10 level in plasma (P<0.05). The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 of the DR-L group was lower than that of the DR-N group and control group (P<0.05). HLA-DR expression was negatively correlated with the concentration of IL-10 in plasma (r=-0.704, P<0.05), and positively correlated with the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (r=0.773, P<0.05). ⑤ Compared with the DR-N group, the DR-L group showed lower PCIS and higher PRISM Ⅲ. HLA-DR expression was positively correlated with PCIS (r=0.715, P=0.00) and negatively correlated with PRISM Ⅲ (r=-0.610, P=0.00). ⑥ The incidence of pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary failure and the mortality of HFMD patients in the DR-L group were significantly higher than those in the DR-N group (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Patients with severe or critical HFMD had cellular immune dysfunction and abnormal HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes. Assessing the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes could be used to evaluate the cellular immunity of patients with severe or critical HFMD. Lower expression of HLA-DR on CD14+ monocytes might be associated with severe HFMD and poor prognosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Hand, foot and mouth disease; HLA-DR; Cellular immunity","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"743-751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42022525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.013
Geng Miao, Cuiling Ding, Yangang Liu, Z. Qi
Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus and is mainly transmitted to humans by Aedes. The outbreak of Zika virus infection in South America in 2015 raised worldwide health concern due to the increasing incidence of microcephaly, Guillain-Barre syndrome and myelitis, although most of the patients were asymptomatic. Here, to further understand and elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of Zika virus infection-associated myelitis, this review summarized the latest advance in biological characteristics, transmission and treatment of Zika virus infection as well as the related case reports and possible mechanisms. Key words: Zika virus; Myelitis; Pathogenic mechanism
{"title":"Advance in Zika virus infection-related myelitis","authors":"Geng Miao, Cuiling Ding, Yangang Liu, Z. Qi","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus and is mainly transmitted to humans by Aedes. The outbreak of Zika virus infection in South America in 2015 raised worldwide health concern due to the increasing incidence of microcephaly, Guillain-Barre syndrome and myelitis, although most of the patients were asymptomatic. Here, to further understand and elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of Zika virus infection-associated myelitis, this review summarized the latest advance in biological characteristics, transmission and treatment of Zika virus infection as well as the related case reports and possible mechanisms. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Zika virus; Myelitis; Pathogenic mechanism","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"800-804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49519399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.012
Y. Fei, X. Ren, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) are currently approved major immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitors against them are novel monoclonal antibodies that perform well in a variety of malignancies such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin′s lymphoma. However, with the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events cannot be ignored. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity is second only to skin toxicity. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of these immune checkpoint inhibitors and the characteristics of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by them, and also discussed the clinical management strategies. Key words: Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Gastrointestinal toxicity
{"title":"PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies: gastrointestinal toxicity and treatment","authors":"Y. Fei, X. Ren, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) are currently approved major immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint inhibitors against them are novel monoclonal antibodies that perform well in a variety of malignancies such as melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, urothelial carcinoma and Hodgkin′s lymphoma. However, with the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events cannot be ignored. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity is second only to skin toxicity. In this review, we focused on the mechanisms of these immune checkpoint inhibitors and the characteristics of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by them, and also discussed the clinical management strategies. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Gastrointestinal toxicity","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"794-799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47268214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.003
Dezhu Zhang, Jing Huang, Qian Zhou, Yu Zhang, Narier Cai, Lina An, Jin-zhong Xiang, Kangmin Huang, Chun Liao, Li Zhou
Objective To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Methods Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial). Conclusions There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected. Key words: Food-borne Salmonella; Serotype; Drug resistance
{"title":"Analysis on serotypes and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018","authors":"Dezhu Zhang, Jing Huang, Qian Zhou, Yu Zhang, Narier Cai, Lina An, Jin-zhong Xiang, Kangmin Huang, Chun Liao, Li Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance characteristics of food-borne Salmonella strains isolated from food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Serotypes of the strains were characterised using slid agglutination method with Salmonella antisera. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS18.0 were used for statistical analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 170 strains of food-borne Salmonella were detected in food and patients with gastroenteritis in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018. Thirty-five serotypes were identified and 6 were found in both food and patients. The main serotypes in food were Salmonella Typhimurium (16.67%) and Salmonella Stanley (8.33%), and the predominant serotypes in patients were Salmonella Typhimurium (41.79%), Salmonella Enteritidis (16.42%) and Salmonella London (8.96%). The rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic and trimeth-sulfame were 27.78%-33.33% among the isolates from food, and 22.22%-25.00% to gentamicin, cefocime and ampicillin/sulbatan. Among the isolates from patients, the highest resistance was to ampicillin (55.97%), followed by that to tetracycline (49.25%), ampicillin/sulbatan (44.03%), nalidixic acid (41.04%) and cefazolin (37.31%), and 20.90%-30.60% strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime and ampicillin/sulbatan. There were 25.00% isolates from food and 25.37% isolates from patients resistant to at least 6 antibiotics, and the main multi-resistant pattern was ampicillin-tetracyline-nalidixic-cephalosporin antibiotics (partial). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000There were many kinds of serotypes of food-borne Salmonella in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2018 and the predominant types were Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella London. Drug resistance was common in the strars and some multidrug resistant strains were detected. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Food-borne Salmonella; Serotype; Drug resistance","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"737-742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47085963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.010
R. Tao, Wei Li, S. Shang
Gasdermin family (GSDMs), consisting of six proteins (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME and DFNB59) in humans and ten proteins (GSDMA1-3, GSDMC1-4, GSDMD, GSDME and DFNB59) in mice, might be involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including epithelial cell development, apoptosis, inflammation, carcinogenesis and immune-related diseases. Recent studies confirmed GSDMD, which containing an N-terminal domain with pore-forming activity and a C-terminal domain with structural autoinhibition, as a crucial substrate of inflammatory caspases in pyroptosis, pioneering a new area for structural and functional research on Gasdermin family proteins. This review will summarize the latest progress in the structures, functions and association with diseases of several Gasdermin family proteins. Key words: Gasdermin family; Pyroptosis; Inflammatory caspase; Gasdermin D (GSDMD)
Gasdermin家族(GSDMs)在人体中包含6个蛋白(GSDMA、GSDMB、GSDMC、GSDMD、GSDME和DFNB59)，在小鼠中包含10个蛋白(GSDMA1-3、GSDMC1-4、GSDMD、GSDME和DFNB59)，可能参与多种生理病理过程，包括上皮细胞发育、凋亡、炎症、致癌和免疫相关疾病。近年来的研究证实，GSDMD是炎性caspase在焦亡过程中的重要底物，其含有具有成孔活性的n端结构域和具有结构自抑制作用的c端结构域，为Gasdermin家族蛋白的结构和功能研究开辟了新的领域。本文就几种Gasdermin家族蛋白的结构、功能及其与疾病的关系的最新进展作一综述。关键词:Gasdermin家族;Pyroptosis;炎症细胞凋亡蛋白酶;Gasdermin D (GSDMD)
{"title":"Research progress in Gasdermin family proteins and their association with diseases","authors":"R. Tao, Wei Li, S. Shang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Gasdermin family (GSDMs), consisting of six proteins (GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, GSDME and DFNB59) in humans and ten proteins (GSDMA1-3, GSDMC1-4, GSDMD, GSDME and DFNB59) in mice, might be involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including epithelial cell development, apoptosis, inflammation, carcinogenesis and immune-related diseases. Recent studies confirmed GSDMD, which containing an N-terminal domain with pore-forming activity and a C-terminal domain with structural autoinhibition, as a crucial substrate of inflammatory caspases in pyroptosis, pioneering a new area for structural and functional research on Gasdermin family proteins. This review will summarize the latest progress in the structures, functions and association with diseases of several Gasdermin family proteins. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Gasdermin family; Pyroptosis; Inflammatory caspase; Gasdermin D (GSDMD)","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"784-787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.011
Chunlan Zhuang, Ying-Ying Su, Ting Wu
Vaccination, one of the greatest inventions of mankind, prevents millions of people from infectious diseases and death each year. With the continuous improvement in immunization coverage, the safety of vaccines has attracted widespread attention. Common adverse reactions to vaccinations are mainly caused by inflammation, but the immune responses and biological damages following immunization are so complicated that the possible mechanisms have not been completely unveiled. Exploring the relationship between inflammation and immunogenicity after vaccination is of great significance for the monitoring and management of vaccines after marketing. This article reviewed the mechanism of inflammatory responses after vaccination and its potential impact on immunogenicity. Key words: Vaccine adverse reaction; Inflammation; Immunogenicity; Post-marketing surveillance
{"title":"Mechanism of inflammatory reaction to vaccination and its effects on immunogenicity","authors":"Chunlan Zhuang, Ying-Ying Su, Ting Wu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination, one of the greatest inventions of mankind, prevents millions of people from infectious diseases and death each year. With the continuous improvement in immunization coverage, the safety of vaccines has attracted widespread attention. Common adverse reactions to vaccinations are mainly caused by inflammation, but the immune responses and biological damages following immunization are so complicated that the possible mechanisms have not been completely unveiled. Exploring the relationship between inflammation and immunogenicity after vaccination is of great significance for the monitoring and management of vaccines after marketing. This article reviewed the mechanism of inflammatory responses after vaccination and its potential impact on immunogenicity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Vaccine adverse reaction; Inflammation; Immunogenicity; Post-marketing surveillance","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"705-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47430261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.014
Zeng-jie Zhang, Y. Kai
Obesity is a health problem of great concern to the whole society. Numerous studies have shown that obesity can lead to changes in the types and numbers of immune cell subsets and immune molecules in visceral adipose tissues, and IL-33/ST2 plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of IL-33/ST2 on adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissues, as well as the changes of IL-33 in adipose tissues and the whole body during obesity in recent years. Key words: IL-33; ST2; Fat; Obesity; Immune cell
{"title":"Regulatory effects of IL-33/ST2 axis on adipose tissue immune cells and relationship to obesity","authors":"Zeng-jie Zhang, Y. Kai","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0254-5101.2019.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a health problem of great concern to the whole society. Numerous studies have shown that obesity can lead to changes in the types and numbers of immune cell subsets and immune molecules in visceral adipose tissues, and IL-33/ST2 plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. This paper reviewed the regulatory effects of IL-33/ST2 on adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissues, as well as the changes of IL-33 in adipose tissues and the whole body during obesity in recent years. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000IL-33; ST2; Fat; Obesity; Immune cell","PeriodicalId":10089,"journal":{"name":"Chinese journal of microbiology and immunology","volume":"39 1","pages":"720-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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