Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100259
T.A. Mukalay
This study examines the integration frameworks of nanomaterials into Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. While nanomaterials offer improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, their integration in AM process faces challenges. This study reviews works from the last decade as well as analyses existing integration frameworks. The findings demonstrate that inconsistent mechanical properties, material instability, non-uniform dispersion, limited scalability, inconsistent thermal properties, and biocompatibility are the key obstacles to nanomaterials integration in AM. Furthermore, the study investigates the gaps in current integration frameworks and proposes theoretical optimizations to address these limitations and improve outcomes of nanomaterials-enabled AM processes.
{"title":"A systematic review of integration frameworks of nanomaterials in additive manufacturing processes","authors":"T.A. Mukalay","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the integration frameworks of nanomaterials into Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. While nanomaterials offer improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, their integration in AM process faces challenges. This study reviews works from the last decade as well as analyses existing integration frameworks. The findings demonstrate that inconsistent mechanical properties, material instability, non-uniform dispersion, limited scalability, inconsistent thermal properties, and biocompatibility are the key obstacles to nanomaterials integration in AM. Furthermore, the study investigates the gaps in current integration frameworks and proposes theoretical optimizations to address these limitations and improve outcomes of nanomaterials-enabled AM processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of plant based metallic nanoparticles (PMNPs) offers a transformative approach to diabetes therapeutics by merging nanotechnology with green synthesis for enhanced biocompatibility and eco-sustainability. Derived from phytochemical rich plant extracts, PMNPs including gold, silver, zinc oxide and selenium exhibit potent antidiabetic properties through modulation of oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and β-cell regeneration. Their bio-reductive synthesis not only eliminates hazardous reagents but also harnesses phytoconstituents for targeted delivery and controlled drug release. Recent studies highlight their ability to inhibit key enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase, reduce glucose uptake and improve lipid profiles, positioning them as multifunctional agent in managing Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, their nanoscale dimensions enable precision medicine application, including sensor-integrated diagnostics and nano-formulated oral therapies. Notably, emerging evidence underscores the role of microRNAs especially miR-21 and miR-12a in regulating pancreatic function and insulin signaling, with PMNP-based systems offering enhanced sensitivity and specificity in miRNA detection. This review explores the therapeutic mechanisms and translational promise of PMNPs and miRNA-based strategies in diabetes care, advocating for integrative, sustainable nanomedicine.
{"title":"Exploring plant-based metallic nanoparticles for advanced medicinal application in diabetes","authors":"Priya , Anurag Chaudhary , Chandrababu Rejeeth , Shobhit Kumar , Xianting Ding , Alok Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of plant based metallic nanoparticles (PMNPs) offers a transformative approach to diabetes therapeutics by merging nanotechnology with green synthesis for enhanced biocompatibility and eco-sustainability. Derived from phytochemical rich plant extracts, PMNPs including gold, silver, zinc oxide and selenium exhibit potent antidiabetic properties through modulation of oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and β-cell regeneration. Their bio-reductive synthesis not only eliminates hazardous reagents but also harnesses phytoconstituents for targeted delivery and controlled drug release. Recent studies highlight their ability to inhibit key enzymes like α-amylase and α-glucosidase, reduce glucose uptake and improve lipid profiles, positioning them as multifunctional agent in managing Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, their nanoscale dimensions enable precision medicine application, including sensor-integrated diagnostics and nano-formulated oral therapies. Notably, emerging evidence underscores the role of microRNAs especially miR-21 and miR-12a in regulating pancreatic function and insulin signaling, with PMNP-based systems offering enhanced sensitivity and specificity in miRNA detection. This review explores the therapeutic mechanisms and translational promise of PMNPs and miRNA-based strategies in diabetes care, advocating for integrative, sustainable nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100286
Shreya S. Deshmukh , Khushwant S. Yadav
The combination of artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology is revolutionizing cancer therapy by using precision medicine, enhancing early diagnosis, and optimizing drug delivery with a target. AI-driven nanocarriers are a next-generation platform for real-time biomarker identification, controlled drug release, and tailored treatment regimens that significantly augment the therapeutic effect and minimize systemic toxicity. Machine learning models aid rational nanomaterial design, predicting drug interactions, and formulating optimization for better bioavailability and tumor targeting. Quantum processing and AI-driven modeling are accelerating drug discovery, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and automating clinical decisions. In addition, Digital Twin [DT] technology is turning out to be an oncology game-changer with virtual patient simulates that integrate genomic, clinical, and imaging data in order to forecast disease progression and tailor treatment. By bridging the gap between computer simulations and real-world clinical utilization, DTs allow for more effective treatment planning, dispense with trial-and-error approaches, and improve patient outcomes. However, major obstacles such as data harmonization, explainability of algorithms, regulation, and ethics remain challenges to large-scale uptake. Overcoming these constraints by interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies will be key to achieving the maximum potential of AI-based nanomedicine. This review explores the revolutionary impact of AI-driven nanocarriers and digital twin technology in cancer treatment, observing how they can transform cancer therapy through predictive analytics, intelligent drug delivery, and second-generation personalized therapy methods.
{"title":"Next-gen cancer therapy: The convergence of artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and digital twin","authors":"Shreya S. Deshmukh , Khushwant S. Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of artificial intelligence [AI] and nanotechnology is revolutionizing cancer therapy by using precision medicine, enhancing early diagnosis, and optimizing drug delivery with a target. AI-driven nanocarriers are a next-generation platform for real-time biomarker identification, controlled drug release, and tailored treatment regimens that significantly augment the therapeutic effect and minimize systemic toxicity. Machine learning models aid rational nanomaterial design, predicting drug interactions, and formulating optimization for better bioavailability and tumor targeting. Quantum processing and AI-driven modeling are accelerating drug discovery, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and automating clinical decisions. In addition, Digital Twin [DT] technology is turning out to be an oncology game-changer with virtual patient simulates that integrate genomic, clinical, and imaging data in order to forecast disease progression and tailor treatment. By bridging the gap between computer simulations and real-world clinical utilization, DTs allow for more effective treatment planning, dispense with trial-and-error approaches, and improve patient outcomes. However, major obstacles such as data harmonization, explainability of algorithms, regulation, and ethics remain challenges to large-scale uptake. Overcoming these constraints by interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies will be key to achieving the maximum potential of AI-based nanomedicine. This review explores the revolutionary impact of AI-driven nanocarriers and digital twin technology in cancer treatment, observing how they can transform cancer therapy through predictive analytics, intelligent drug delivery, and second-generation personalized therapy methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer has been a disease that is responsible for the maximum number of deaths around the globe. Despite so many drugs and available treatments, researchers aim to find a more efficient treatment modality with target-specificity and less toxicity. Nanotechnology has promising potential in the development of such drugs. Nanomaterials are smaller in size, possess large surface area and some very unique properties that could potentiate their usage in the cancer treatment. This review aims to impart information on the latest development in the biomedical application of biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) in preventing, diagnosis, and cancer therapy. The authors intend to give insight into developing bio-based nano-systems to warrant their use for increased specific targeting of the cancerous cells. Indeed, biogenic NPs hold great promise in cancer theranostics, offering potential advancements in both diagnosis and treatment. Key future directions include optimizing synthesis for enhanced stability and targeting, combining NPs with gene or immunotherapy for multi-modal approaches, and integrating them with advanced imaging technologies. Scaling up production while maintaining cost-effectiveness and sustainability will be essential for clinical translation.
{"title":"Biogenic nanoparticles: Understanding their potential role in cancer theranostics","authors":"Durdana Yasin , Neha Sami , Bushra Afzal , Almaz Zaki , Haleema Naaz , Shaheen Husain , Tabassum Siddiqui , Moshahid Alam Rizvi , Tasneem Fatma","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer has been a disease that is responsible for the maximum number of deaths around the globe. Despite so many drugs and available treatments, researchers aim to find a more efficient treatment modality with target-specificity and less toxicity. Nanotechnology has promising potential in the development of such drugs. Nanomaterials are smaller in size, possess large surface area and some very unique properties that could potentiate their usage in the cancer treatment. This review aims to impart information on the latest development in the biomedical application of biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) in preventing, diagnosis, and cancer therapy. The authors intend to give insight into developing bio-based nano-systems to warrant their use for increased specific targeting of the cancerous cells. Indeed, biogenic NPs hold great promise in cancer theranostics, offering potential advancements in both diagnosis and treatment. Key future directions include optimizing synthesis for enhanced stability and targeting, combining NPs with gene or immunotherapy for multi-modal approaches, and integrating them with advanced imaging technologies. Scaling up production while maintaining cost-effectiveness and sustainability will be essential for clinical translation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100159
Navya Aggarwal, Shreya Gupta, Shinjini Sen, Tanmay J. Urs, Banashree Bondhopadhyay
Breast cancer drug delivery systems rely heavily on conventional routes of administration through adjuvant formulations. These systems have been under development for decades to deduce safer, bioavailable, specific, selective and efficacious modalities. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems proposed to solve these issues, have led to a boom in nanoparticle based, liposomal, nanovesicles, nanocapsules, and similar provisions. The improvement of the existing available systems inspired biodegradable nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanomesh and nanoflowers. These structures provide better opportunities to improve targetability, bioavailability, better safety profiles. The platforms additionally facilitate controlled release of the loaded drugs. This minireview explores nanofibers, nanomesh and nanoflowers in breast cancer treatment as emerging nanostructures for delivery of chemotherapeutics. Nanofibers emulate the natural extracellular matrix which can be modified for biodegradability and tumor identification. Nanomesh provide large drug-antigen loading platform with interwoven strands.On the other hand, nanoflowers can be conveniently modulated to control the release of the drug. These nanostructures offer innovative solutions to the typical drawbacks of drug absorption, selectivity and delivery on tumor sight. In this minireview, we aim to comprehensively present how these nanostructures are created, address their mechanism of action and how they are developing the landscape of breast cancer drug delivery systems.The study prioritizes these nanostructures over their conventional counterparts due to their visible benefits while also addressing their limitations which should be further researched upon, for breast cancer therapeutics.
{"title":"Nanostructured materials for breast cancer therapeutics enhancing drug delivery through nanofibers, nano-mesh, and nanoflowers","authors":"Navya Aggarwal, Shreya Gupta, Shinjini Sen, Tanmay J. Urs, Banashree Bondhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer drug delivery systems rely heavily on conventional routes of administration through adjuvant formulations. These systems have been under development for decades to deduce safer, bioavailable, specific, selective and efficacious modalities. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems proposed to solve these issues, have led to a boom in nanoparticle based, liposomal, nanovesicles, nanocapsules, and similar provisions. The improvement of the existing available systems inspired biodegradable nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanomesh and nanoflowers. These structures provide better opportunities to improve targetability, bioavailability, better safety profiles. The platforms additionally facilitate controlled release of the loaded drugs. This minireview explores nanofibers, nanomesh and nanoflowers in breast cancer treatment as emerging nanostructures for delivery of chemotherapeutics. Nanofibers emulate the natural extracellular matrix which can be modified for biodegradability and tumor identification. Nanomesh provide large drug-antigen loading platform with interwoven strands.On the other hand, nanoflowers can be conveniently modulated to control the release of the drug. These nanostructures offer innovative solutions to the typical drawbacks of drug absorption, selectivity and delivery on tumor sight. In this minireview, we aim to comprehensively present how these nanostructures are created, address their mechanism of action and how they are developing the landscape of breast cancer drug delivery systems.The study prioritizes these nanostructures over their conventional counterparts due to their visible benefits while also addressing their limitations which should be further researched upon, for breast cancer therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100164
Kazeem K. Salam , Idayat A. Olowonyo , Kehinde A. Babatunde , Monsuru O. Dauda , Dauda O. Araromi , Mujidat O. Aremu , Opeoluwa D. Sole-Adeoye , Temitope O. Adesina
This study presents a novel, eco-friendly approach for adsorptive desulfurization, utilizing Poultry Droppings (PD) and Garlic Peel (GP) wastes to develop a high-performance green adsorbent for the removal of Dibenzothiopene (DBT) from Model Oil (MO). PD was thermally and chemically modified to PD-Activated Carbon (PDAC) and PDAC impregnated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (PDAC-ZnO-NPs). The produced adsorbents (PDAC and PDAC-ZnO-NPs) were appropriately characterized. Batch adsorption experiment was designed by Definitive Screening Design (DSD) for parameters: adsorption temperature (25 – 50°C), contact time (10 – 60 min), agitation rate (50 – 250 rpm), and adsorbent dosage (50 – 250 mg). ZnO nanoparticle impregnation increased the surface area from 965 m²/g to 981 m²/g and enhanced the availability of oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby improving DBT affinity. The BET surface area increased from 965 m²/g to 981 m²/g after ZnO-NP impregnation, indicating enhanced adsorption capacity. The equilibrium data for DBT removal were fitted to isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models, with model constants evaluated. The desulfurization process achieved an optimum DBT percentage removal (%DBTR) of 85.47 % with PDAC and 95.12 % with PDAC-ZnO-NPs. The desulfurization equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich isotherm, the Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetic model and, thermodynamic analysis indicated that DBT removal process was spontaneous and endothermic, with entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔH) changes of 140.12 J/mol·K and 40.25 kJ/mol for PDAC, and 110.49 J/mol·K and 30.01 kJ/mol for PDAC-ZnO-NPs respectively. The %DBTR decreased by 6.1 % for PDAC-ZnO-NPs after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating its reusability. This study demonstrates the potential of sustainable bio-based adsorbents for efficient adsorptive desulfurization, paving the way for cleaner fuel production and enhanced environmental sustainability.
{"title":"Zinc oxide-nanoparticle impregnated poultry droppings activated carbon for model oil desulfurization: Experimental investigation and regression modelling with uncertainty quantification","authors":"Kazeem K. Salam , Idayat A. Olowonyo , Kehinde A. Babatunde , Monsuru O. Dauda , Dauda O. Araromi , Mujidat O. Aremu , Opeoluwa D. Sole-Adeoye , Temitope O. Adesina","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel, eco-friendly approach for adsorptive desulfurization, utilizing Poultry Droppings (PD) and Garlic Peel (GP) wastes to develop a high-performance green adsorbent for the removal of Dibenzothiopene (DBT) from Model Oil (MO). PD was thermally and chemically modified to PD-Activated Carbon (PDAC) and PDAC impregnated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (PDAC-ZnO-NPs). The produced adsorbents (PDAC and PDAC-ZnO-NPs) were appropriately characterized. Batch adsorption experiment was designed by Definitive Screening Design (DSD) for parameters: adsorption temperature (25 – 50°C), contact time (10 – 60 min), agitation rate (50 – 250 rpm), and adsorbent dosage (50 – 250 mg). ZnO nanoparticle impregnation increased the surface area from 965 m²/g to 981 m²/g and enhanced the availability of oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby improving DBT affinity. The BET surface area increased from 965 m²/g to 981 m²/g after ZnO-NP impregnation, indicating enhanced adsorption capacity. The equilibrium data for DBT removal were fitted to isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models, with model constants evaluated. The desulfurization process achieved an optimum DBT percentage removal (%DBTR) of 85.47 % with PDAC and 95.12 % with PDAC-ZnO-NPs. The desulfurization equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich isotherm, the Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetic model and, thermodynamic analysis indicated that DBT removal process was spontaneous and endothermic, with entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔH) changes of 140.12 J/mol·K and 40.25 kJ/mol for PDAC, and 110.49 J/mol·K and 30.01 kJ/mol for PDAC-ZnO-NPs respectively. The %DBTR decreased by 6.1 % for PDAC-ZnO-NPs after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating its reusability. This study demonstrates the potential of sustainable bio-based adsorbents for efficient adsorptive desulfurization, paving the way for cleaner fuel production and enhanced environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100143
Monica Rufino Senra , Igor Tenório Soares , Vanessa Kapps , Marcia Marie Maru , Maria de Fatima Vieira Marques
Driven by population aging, rising obesity rates, sports injuries, and road traffic accidents, the global orthopedic implant market is projected to reach US$79.5 billion by the end of this decade, highlighting the growing demand for durable and high-performance implant materials. Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional metallic implants due to its biocompatibility, excellent tribological properties, and mechanical characteristics similar to human bone. However, its bioinert nature limits osseointegration, affecting long-term implant stability. This study presents the development of PEEK-based nanocomposites reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) to promote osseointegration and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in spherical (cZnO) and flower-like (fZnO) morphologies to enhance tribological performance. The nanocomposites were evaluated through scratch testing, providing quantitative insights into their mechanical and wear resistance properties. The results demonstrated that fZnO significantly improved scratch resistance, reducing residual scratch depth by 34 % compared to cZnO-reinforced composites. Moreover, while the addition of HA did not compromise the reinforcing effect of fZnO, the cZnO-HA hybrid nanocomposite exhibited a 20 % lower coefficient of friction (COF), which could be problematic for implant stability due to potential loosening. In contrast, the fZnO-HA hybrid nanocomposite demonstrated superior scratch resistance, lower pile-up formation, and improved fixation, making it a particularly promising candidate for load-bearing orthopedic applications such as hip prosthesis stems. These findings confirm that nanoparticle morphology plays a critical role in optimizing mechanical and tribological performance in PEEK-based nanocomposites, paving the way for advanced biomaterials with enhanced wear resistance and durability.
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical and tribological performance of poly(ether-ether-ketone)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with flower-like zinc oxide for bone replacement","authors":"Monica Rufino Senra , Igor Tenório Soares , Vanessa Kapps , Marcia Marie Maru , Maria de Fatima Vieira Marques","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by population aging, rising obesity rates, sports injuries, and road traffic accidents, the global orthopedic implant market is projected to reach US$79.5 billion by the end of this decade, highlighting the growing demand for durable and high-performance implant materials. Poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional metallic implants due to its biocompatibility, excellent tribological properties, and mechanical characteristics similar to human bone. However, its bioinert nature limits osseointegration, affecting long-term implant stability. This study presents the development of PEEK-based nanocomposites reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) to promote osseointegration and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in spherical (cZnO) and flower-like (fZnO) morphologies to enhance tribological performance. The nanocomposites were evaluated through scratch testing, providing quantitative insights into their mechanical and wear resistance properties. The results demonstrated that fZnO significantly improved scratch resistance, reducing residual scratch depth by 34 % compared to cZnO-reinforced composites. Moreover, while the addition of HA did not compromise the reinforcing effect of fZnO, the cZnO-HA hybrid nanocomposite exhibited a 20 % lower coefficient of friction (COF), which could be problematic for implant stability due to potential loosening. In contrast, the fZnO-HA hybrid nanocomposite demonstrated superior scratch resistance, lower pile-up formation, and improved fixation, making it a particularly promising candidate for load-bearing orthopedic applications such as hip prosthesis stems. These findings confirm that nanoparticle morphology plays a critical role in optimizing mechanical and tribological performance in PEEK-based nanocomposites, paving the way for advanced biomaterials with enhanced wear resistance and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100203
Divyam Mishra , Bhavishya Chaturvedi , Vishal Soni , Dhairya Valecha , Megha Goel , Jamilur R. Ansari
Nanotechnology encompasses the engineering and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale (10−9 m), focusing on the development and application of novel structures and concepts. Concurrently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulates human cognitive processes, enabling machines to make decisions and solve problems. Within AI, subfields such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning leverage vast datasets to predict outcomes based on historical trends. This research examines the intersection of AI and nanotechnology within the medical sector, with an emphasis on illness localization, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. AI's deployment in molecular imaging has proven invaluable for early disease detection and treatment via biosensors. A key aspect of our analysis is the utilization of AI to formulate personalized treatment plans, enhancing the probability of achieving optimal drug-patient synergy. Additionally, we explore the development of AI-powered nanobots, capable of autonomous logical reasoning to target malignant cells for localized cancer therapy. The optimization of AI-driven drug delivery systems using nanoparticles demonstrates significant potential for surpassing the efficacy of existing delivery mechanisms. We will also assess the long-term implications of lipid nanoparticles in drug delivery applications. Machine Learning algorithms are employed to create data-driven adaptive nanomaterials and paradigms, further advancing the field. Furthermore, this study investigates the application of AI in predicting nanomedicine interactions with biological systems, aiming to establish AI-enabled platforms for personalized nanomedicine therapies. In summary, our work highlights the synergistic potential of AI and nanotechnology in catalyzing breakthroughs in medical innovation.
{"title":"Impact of bridging the gap between Artificial Intelligence and nanomedicine in healthcare","authors":"Divyam Mishra , Bhavishya Chaturvedi , Vishal Soni , Dhairya Valecha , Megha Goel , Jamilur R. Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology encompasses the engineering and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale (10<sup>−9</sup> m), focusing on the development and application of novel structures and concepts. Concurrently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulates human cognitive processes, enabling machines to make decisions and solve problems. Within AI, subfields such as Machine Learning and Deep Learning leverage vast datasets to predict outcomes based on historical trends. This research examines the intersection of AI and nanotechnology within the medical sector, with an emphasis on illness localization, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. AI's deployment in molecular imaging has proven invaluable for early disease detection and treatment via biosensors. A key aspect of our analysis is the utilization of AI to formulate personalized treatment plans, enhancing the probability of achieving optimal drug-patient synergy. Additionally, we explore the development of AI-powered nanobots, capable of autonomous logical reasoning to target malignant cells for localized cancer therapy. The optimization of AI-driven drug delivery systems using nanoparticles demonstrates significant potential for surpassing the efficacy of existing delivery mechanisms. We will also assess the long-term implications of lipid nanoparticles in drug delivery applications. Machine Learning algorithms are employed to create data-driven adaptive nanomaterials and paradigms, further advancing the field. Furthermore, this study investigates the application of AI in predicting nanomedicine interactions with biological systems, aiming to establish AI-enabled platforms for personalized nanomedicine therapies. In summary, our work highlights the synergistic potential of AI and nanotechnology in catalyzing breakthroughs in medical innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100180
Pushpendra Kumar Khangar , Vivek Daniel
<div><h3>Hypothesis</h3><div>This paper hypothesizes that Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) can serve as effective nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery in lung cancer therapy. Their high surface area, biocompatibility, and adaptable surface chemistry make them promising candidates for enhancing drug delivery efficiency. MWCNTs offer the potential to enable targeted transport of anticancer drugs directly to lung cancer cells, reducing systemic toxicity through controlled and prolonged drug release while also improving drug clearance mechanisms. However, despite these advantages, the study acknowledges significant concerns regarding toxicity, biocompatibility, and long-term safety. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the successful clinical translation of MWCNT-based drug delivery systems.</div></div><div><h3>Experiments (review-based analysis)</h3><div>Although this study does not conduct direct experiments, it reviews existing research and experimental findings on the incorporation of anticancer drugs into Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), which involves efficient loading and release methods that ensure drug stability and retention within the nanocarrier system. These approaches enhance the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, preventing premature degradation and maximizing efficacy. MWCNTs play a crucial role in drug delivery by improving circulation, enabling controlled release, and minimizing systemic toxicity. Additionally, surface modifications of MWCNTs contribute to better drug delivery efficiency by enhancing solubility and targeting capabilities. However, concerns regarding safety and biocompatibility remain critical. Preclinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicity, biodegradability, and inflammatory response associated with MWCNTs. Surface modifications have been explored as a strategy to mitigate adverse effects, improve cellular compatibility, and enhance the overall feasibility of MWCNT-based drug delivery systems for lung cancer therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>MWCNT-based drug delivery demonstrates significant potential in improving lung cancer treatment by enabling targeted drug transport to cancer cells, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The controlled release of drugs from MWCNTs helps minimize systemic toxicity, ultimately improving patient safety and treatment outcomes. However, several challenges and limitations must be addressed before clinical implementation. Toxicity remains a primary concern, as MWCNTs may trigger inflammatory responses or accumulate in tissues, leading to potential long-term adverse effects. Additionally, the biocompatibility and overall safety of these nanocarriers require further validation through rigorous preclinical testing. Looking ahead, extensive research is essential to develop clinically viable MWCNT-based drug delivery systems. Further advancements in surface modifications and biodegradability enhancements are necessary to reduce
{"title":"Advanced approaches in lung cancer therapy–Exploring the unique role of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Pushpendra Kumar Khangar , Vivek Daniel","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Hypothesis</h3><div>This paper hypothesizes that Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) can serve as effective nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery in lung cancer therapy. Their high surface area, biocompatibility, and adaptable surface chemistry make them promising candidates for enhancing drug delivery efficiency. MWCNTs offer the potential to enable targeted transport of anticancer drugs directly to lung cancer cells, reducing systemic toxicity through controlled and prolonged drug release while also improving drug clearance mechanisms. However, despite these advantages, the study acknowledges significant concerns regarding toxicity, biocompatibility, and long-term safety. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the successful clinical translation of MWCNT-based drug delivery systems.</div></div><div><h3>Experiments (review-based analysis)</h3><div>Although this study does not conduct direct experiments, it reviews existing research and experimental findings on the incorporation of anticancer drugs into Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), which involves efficient loading and release methods that ensure drug stability and retention within the nanocarrier system. These approaches enhance the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, preventing premature degradation and maximizing efficacy. MWCNTs play a crucial role in drug delivery by improving circulation, enabling controlled release, and minimizing systemic toxicity. Additionally, surface modifications of MWCNTs contribute to better drug delivery efficiency by enhancing solubility and targeting capabilities. However, concerns regarding safety and biocompatibility remain critical. Preclinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicity, biodegradability, and inflammatory response associated with MWCNTs. Surface modifications have been explored as a strategy to mitigate adverse effects, improve cellular compatibility, and enhance the overall feasibility of MWCNT-based drug delivery systems for lung cancer therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>MWCNT-based drug delivery demonstrates significant potential in improving lung cancer treatment by enabling targeted drug transport to cancer cells, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The controlled release of drugs from MWCNTs helps minimize systemic toxicity, ultimately improving patient safety and treatment outcomes. However, several challenges and limitations must be addressed before clinical implementation. Toxicity remains a primary concern, as MWCNTs may trigger inflammatory responses or accumulate in tissues, leading to potential long-term adverse effects. Additionally, the biocompatibility and overall safety of these nanocarriers require further validation through rigorous preclinical testing. Looking ahead, extensive research is essential to develop clinically viable MWCNT-based drug delivery systems. Further advancements in surface modifications and biodegradability enhancements are necessary to reduce ","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100254
Subhajit Maity
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort requires a lifelong insulin supplement but the traditional insulin delivery systems have severe drawbacks such as unacceptable bioavailability of the drug, frequent regimens, lack of patient adherence. This paper will discuss the use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a new form of insulin delivery vehicle, and the potential that this possesses to improve its effectiveness as a form of therapy. CNPs enhance the stability of insulin stabilizing it against enzymatic degradation; they also allow controlled release. On the other hand, their mucoadhesive properties prolong intestinal retention that can improve absorption and reduce dosing frequency, which can improve patient compliance. Again, the CNPs encapsulate insulin through electrostatic interactions that can prevent degradation in the gastrointestinal tract while endorsing sustained glucose regulation. Furthermore, this study specify that CNP-based insulin delivery significantly expands glycemic control and reduces hypoglycemia risks. Despite their advantages, challenges include variability in insulin release, scalability in production, and regulatory hurdles. Future advancements, such as hybrid systems and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, aim to optimize stability and targeted insulin delivery. The integration of nanomedicine into diabetes management may revolutionize treatment, offering a more effective and patient-friendly approach.
{"title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes: Overcoming challenges in bioavailability and long-term control","authors":"Subhajit Maity","doi":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxnano.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort requires a lifelong insulin supplement but the traditional insulin delivery systems have severe drawbacks such as unacceptable bioavailability of the drug, frequent regimens, lack of patient adherence. This paper will discuss the use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a new form of insulin delivery vehicle, and the potential that this possesses to improve its effectiveness as a form of therapy. CNPs enhance the stability of insulin stabilizing it against enzymatic degradation; they also allow controlled release. On the other hand, their mucoadhesive properties prolong intestinal retention that can improve absorption and reduce dosing frequency, which can improve patient compliance. Again, the CNPs encapsulate insulin through electrostatic interactions that can prevent degradation in the gastrointestinal tract while endorsing sustained glucose regulation. Furthermore, this study specify that CNP-based insulin delivery significantly expands glycemic control and reduces hypoglycemia risks. Despite their advantages, challenges include variability in insulin release, scalability in production, and regulatory hurdles. Future advancements, such as hybrid systems and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, aim to optimize stability and targeted insulin delivery. The integration of nanomedicine into diabetes management may revolutionize treatment, offering a more effective and patient-friendly approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100959,"journal":{"name":"Next Nanotechnology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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