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The multifaceted therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment: Modulation of IL, TGF-β and Nrf2 pathways in inflammation downregulation and diabetic wound healing 黄柏搽剂的多方面治疗潜力:IL, TGF-β和Nrf2通路在炎症下调和糖尿病伤口愈合中的调节
Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100731
Abhishek Singh , Seema Yadav , Amita Verma , Jagat Pal Yadav , Narahari N. Palei
Huangbai liniment, derived from Phellodendron amurense, is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, such as reducing inflammation, combating oxidative stress, and promoting wound healing. This review consolidates scientific findings from authoritative databases, including PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, the Chinese Electronic Periodical Services Database of Taiwan, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment was explored, particularly its role in modulating key cellular pathways, including IL, Nrf2, and TGF-β, which contribute to inflammation regulation and diabetic wound healing. The bioactive constituents of Phellodendron amurense, including alkaloids such as berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine, exhibit significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities. Additionally, other active compounds, including lignans, phenolics, and limonoids, contribute to its broad-spectrum efficacy against conditions such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review also highlights the available clinical trials. Given the increasing global interest in herbal medicine, particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), further research is necessary to validate its therapeutic potential and facilitate its integration into modern pharmaceutical applications. This review underscores the significance of Huangbai liniment as a promising candidate for drug development, bridging traditional applications with scientific validation for future therapeutic innovations.
黄柏乳膏,源自黄柏,因其多种治疗特性而被广泛认可,如减少炎症,对抗氧化应激,促进伤口愈合。本综述整合了来自PubMed、施普林格Link、Wiley在线图书馆、Web of Science、台湾中文电子期刊服务数据库、欧洲PMC、ScienceDirect、谷歌Scholar和ClinicalTrials.gov等权威数据库的科学发现。探讨了黄柏搽剂的治疗潜力,特别是其在调节关键细胞通路中的作用,包括IL, Nrf2和TGF-β,这些通路有助于炎症调节和糖尿病伤口愈合。黄柏的生物活性成分,包括小檗碱、棕榈碱和黄根碱等生物碱,具有显著的抗菌、抗炎和代谢调节活性。此外,其他活性化合物,包括木脂素、酚类和柠檬素类,有助于其广谱功效,对抗癌症、细菌和病毒感染、神经退行性疾病和代谢紊乱。本综述还重点介绍了现有的临床试验。鉴于全球对草药的兴趣日益增加,特别是对中医(TCM)的兴趣,有必要进一步研究以验证其治疗潜力并促进其与现代制药应用的结合。这篇综述强调了黄柏搽剂作为一种有前途的药物开发候选药物的重要性,它将传统应用与未来治疗创新的科学验证联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Fermented Coix seed hydrolysate upregulates skin barrier genes and promotes wound healing 发酵薏苡仁水解物上调皮肤屏障基因,促进伤口愈合
Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100729
Nur Miftahurrohmah , Catur Riani , Ratna Annisa Utami , Tri Suciati

Introduction

Coix seed (CS), also known as yì yǐ rén or Chinese pearl barley, has been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries to clear heat, drain dampness, and alleviate inflammatory conditions. It is a key component of classical preparations such as Qing Xin Pei Tu granules and Qin-Zhu-Liang-Xue decoction, traditionally used for atopic eczema and other skin barrier-related disorders. CS has also been applied in topical formulations for acne and chronic ulcers. In modern practice, hydrolyzed and fermented CS products are increasingly utilized for their potential to enhance skin health. However, the mechanisms by which they influence skin barrier function and dermal wound healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed CS and its fermented derivatives on skin barrier gene expression and dermal wound healing, thereby providing scientific support for their cosmetic application.

Methods

CS was hydrolyzed using mild acid, supplemented with yeast extract, and fermented with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TKK. The non-fermented CS hydrolysate (NF-AC10Y), fermented cell-free supernatant (FF-AC10Y), and fermented cell lysate supernatant (FL-AC10Y) were evaluated in vitro for their effects on skin barrier genes (FLG/pro-filaggrin, IVL/involucrin, and LOR/loricrin), dermal wound healing, and oxidative stress protection. Potential metabolites contributing to the bioactivities were also identified.

Results

FF-AC10Y exhibited the strongest activity. It upregulated FLG, IVL, and LOR mRNA levels in HaCaT keratinocytes by 2.29 ± 0.19-, 1.20 ± 0.08-, and 2.50 ± 0.04-fold, respectively, and achieved 88.1 ± 6.8 % wound closure in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. It exhibited no cytotoxicity up to 5 mg/mL and protected both cell types against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Metabolite analysis revealed lactic acid, saccharides, amino acids, fatty acid amides, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants as potential contributors to its bioactivities.

Discussion

FF-AC10Y demonstrates strong potential to reinforce the skin barrier by upregulating FLG, IVL, and LOR expression, supporting wound healing, and providing antioxidant protection. These findings scientifically validate the traditional use of CS in TCM for alleviating skin barrier disorders and clarify its mechanisms, bridging historical applications with modern cosmetic formulations.
薏苡仁(CS),也被称为yì y´r或中国薏米,几个世纪以来一直在中医(TCM)中被用来清热、排湿和缓解炎症。它是清心培土颗粒和秦竹凉雪汤等经典制剂的关键成分,传统上用于治疗特应性湿疹和其他皮肤屏障相关疾病。CS也已应用于局部配方痤疮和慢性溃疡。在现代实践中,越来越多地利用水解和发酵的CS产品,因为它们具有增强皮肤健康的潜力。然而,它们影响皮肤屏障功能和真皮伤口愈合的机制仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨水解CS及其发酵衍生物对皮肤屏障基因表达及真皮创面愈合的影响,为其美容应用提供科学依据。方法用温和酸水解sc,添加酵母浸膏,用植物乳杆菌TKK发酵sc。非发酵CS水解液(NF-AC10Y)、发酵无细胞上清液(FF-AC10Y)和发酵细胞上清液(FL-AC10Y)在体外评估其对皮肤屏障基因(FLG/前聚丝蛋白、IVL/天花苷和LOR/氯丙苷)、皮肤伤口愈合和氧化应激保护的影响。还鉴定了促进生物活性的潜在代谢物。结果ff - ac10y活性最强。使HaCaT角化细胞FLG、IVL和LOR mRNA水平分别上调2.29±0.19倍、1.20±0.08倍和2.50±0.04倍,使NIH/3T3成纤维细胞的创面愈合率达到88.1±6.8%。当浓度达到5mg /mL时,它没有表现出细胞毒性,并保护两种细胞免受h2o2诱导的氧化应激。代谢物分析显示,乳酸、糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸酰胺和低分子量抗氧化剂是其生物活性的潜在贡献者。ff - ac10y通过上调FLG、IVL和LOR的表达、支持伤口愈合和提供抗氧化保护,显示出增强皮肤屏障的强大潜力。这些发现科学地验证了中药中CS缓解皮肤屏障障碍的传统应用,并阐明了其机制,将历史应用与现代化妆品配方联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-target immunomodulatory actions of Elaeagnus rhamnoides L.) A. Nelson phytocompounds on immune regulatory targets via integrative network pharmacology, docking, and molecular simulation 沙棘的多靶点免疫调节作用A. Nelson植物化合物对免疫调节靶点的综合网络药理学、对接和分子模拟
Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100726
Venkatesan Karthick , Dinesh Kumar Venkatachalam , Singamoorthy Amalraj , Rajkumar Thamarai , Varghese Edwin Hillary , Elsa Shibu Sruthy

Introduction

Elaeagnus rhamnoides (sea buckthorn; 沙棘 Shāji) has long been valued in Chinese traditional medicine as fruit purees, decoctions, and polysaccharide granules for enhancing immunity, treating chronic cough, nourishing yin, and promoting digestive and cardiovascular health. However, the precise immunomodulatory mechanisms of its bioactive compounds remain inadequately understood.

Methods

This study comprehensively evaluated key phytocompounds from E. rhamnoides using network pharmacology and in silico computational analysis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were applied to evaluate interactions with immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4 (1AH1) and LAG-3 (7TZG). Electronic properties were assessed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of HOMO–LUMO energy gaps. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MM-GBSA analyses assessed protein–ligand stability and binding energies. ProTox-II toxicity profiling and network pharmacology further elucidated safety and biological pathway associations.

Results

All selected phytocompounds showed strong binding affinities with CTLA-4 and LAG-3, with narcissin, tellimagrandin I, and astragalin demonstrating the most favourable docking scores and molecular interactions. DFT analysis revealed low HOMO–LUMO gaps (3.76–4.82 eV) for strictinin and tellimagrandin I (high chemical reactivity) and higher kinetic stability for astragalin and narcissin. MD simulations confirmed the stability of astragalin complexes, and MM-GBSA revealed that hydrophobic packing and van der Waals forces were the primary drivers of binding affinity. ProTox-II predicted generally low risks of organ toxicity for all compounds. Network pharmacology showed these phytochemicals target multiple core immune-regulatory genes (including NFB1, HIF1A, MAOA, and TLR4) and are involved in critical immunological pathways such as NF-κB, cytokine signalling, and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.

Discussion

This study provides the first comprehensive in silico systems pharmacology analysis of E. rhamnoides phytocompounds as multi-target, low-toxicity immunomodulators, supporting traditional Chinese medicine applications. The strong and stable binding to immune checkpoints, favorable electronic properties, and multi-pathway engagement reinforce their promise as plant-based immunotherapeutics. These findings support further experimental validation and recommend the featured E. rhamnoides phytocompounds as promising multi-target leads for the development of novel immunomodulatory therapeutics in modern and traditional Chinese medicine contexts.
IntroductionElaeagnus人体(沙棘;沙棘Shāji)长期以来一直重视中药的果浆,汤,和多糖颗粒增强免疫力,治疗慢性咳嗽、滋养阴,促进消化系统和心血管健康。然而,其生物活性化合物的精确免疫调节机制仍不充分了解。方法采用网络药理学和计算机计算方法对沙棘中主要化合物进行综合评价。应用网络药理学和分子对接技术评价与免疫检查点蛋白CTLA-4 (1AH1)和LAG-3 (7TZG)的相互作用。利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算HOMO-LUMO能隙来评估电子性质。分子动力学(MD)模拟和MM-GBSA分析评估了蛋白质配体的稳定性和结合能。ProTox-II毒性分析和网络药理学进一步阐明了安全性和生物学途径的关联。结果所选化合物均与CTLA-4和LAG-3具有较强的结合亲和性,其中水仙素、黄芪甲苷和黄芪甲苷的对接得分和分子相互作用最高。DFT分析结果显示,黄芪甲苷和水仙苷I的HOMO-LUMO间隙较低(3.76 ~ 4.82 eV),具有较高的化学反应活性,黄芪甲苷和水仙苷具有较高的动力学稳定性。MD模拟证实了黄芪甲苷配合物的稳定性,MM-GBSA显示疏水堆积和范德华力是结合亲和力的主要驱动因素。ProTox-II预测所有化合物的器官毒性风险一般较低。网络药理学显示,这些植物化学物质靶向多个核心免疫调节基因(包括NFB1、HIF1A、MAOA和TLR4),并参与关键的免疫通路,如NF-κB、细胞因子信号传导和PD-1/PD-L1轴。本研究首次在计算机系统中全面分析了沙棘属植物化合物作为多靶点、低毒的免疫调节剂,支持中药应用。与免疫检查点的强而稳定的结合,有利的电子特性和多途径参与增强了它们作为基于植物的免疫治疗药物的前景。这些发现支持进一步的实验验证,并推荐具有特色的沙棘植物化合物作为在现代和传统医学背景下开发新型免疫调节疗法的有前途的多靶点先导物。
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引用次数: 0
Basil seeds unlock memory: Hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum reverses haloperidol-induced cognitive deficits in Mice 罗勒种子解锁记忆:罗勒水酒精提取物逆转小鼠氟哌啶醇诱导的认知缺陷
Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100719
Amudha Palanivelu , Balaji V , Durga Mohan , Chetan Ashok , Srikanth Jeyabalan , Ling Shing Wong , Mahendran Sekar , Vetriselvan Subramaniyan , Sivaraman Dhanasekaran , Tamilanban Thamaraikani

Background

Cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease is an escalating public health burden, highlighting the need for safe, effective interventions that improve learning and memory. Ocimum basilicum Linn, traditionally used for medicinal purposes, contains bioactive constituents with antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, making it a promising natural candidate for cognition support.

Methods

An integrative design combined in silico network pharmacology and molecular docking with in vivo assessment in Swiss albino mice subjected to haloperidol-induced amnesia. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of Ocimum basilicum was evaluated using validated behavioural paradigms (Morris water maze, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition), complemented by phytochemical screening and histopathological examination of brain tissue.

Results

The extract significantly improved spatial, working, and recognition memory in haloperidol-treated mice. Phytochemical screening indicated abundant flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins; histology showed reduced neuronal damage, supporting a neuroprotective effect consistent with antioxidant activity. In silico analyses revealed strong binding affinities of key phytoconstituents to cognition-related targets and hub proteins, suggesting a multitarget mechanism of action.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the hydroalcoholic seed extract of Ocimum basilicum confers cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects in a haloperidol-induced amnesia model, likely through synergistic, multitarget engagement of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. Given the rising prevalence of dementia and the limitations of current therapies, further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are warranted to validate the translational potential of basil seed extract as a natural nootropic.
与衰老和神经退行性疾病相关的认知障碍是一个不断升级的公共卫生负担,强调需要安全、有效的干预措施来改善学习和记忆。罗勒草,传统上用于医药目的,含有生物活性成分具有抗氧化和神经保护的潜力,使其成为一个有希望的认知支持的天然候选人。方法采用硅网络药理学和分子对接相结合的综合设计,对氟哌啶醇致健忘症瑞士白化小鼠进行体内评价。采用经过验证的行为范式(Morris水迷宫、y迷宫、被动回避和新型物体识别),辅以植物化学筛选和脑组织组织病理学检查,对basilicum的水酒精种子提取物进行了评估。结果氟哌啶醇对小鼠的空间记忆、工作记忆和识别记忆均有显著改善。植物化学筛选结果表明,黄酮类、皂苷类、酚类和单宁类物质丰富;组织学显示神经元损伤减少,支持与抗氧化活性一致的神经保护作用。硅分析显示,关键植物成分与认知相关靶点和枢纽蛋白具有很强的结合亲和力,表明其作用机制是多靶点的。结论在氟哌啶醇诱导的健忆症模型中,罗勒木水醇种子提取物可能通过协同、多靶点参与抗氧化和抗凋亡通路,具有认知增强和神经保护作用。鉴于痴呆症的患病率不断上升和当前治疗方法的局限性,需要进一步的机制研究和临床试验来验证罗勒籽提取物作为天然益智药的转化潜力。
{"title":"Basil seeds unlock memory: Hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum reverses haloperidol-induced cognitive deficits in Mice","authors":"Amudha Palanivelu ,&nbsp;Balaji V ,&nbsp;Durga Mohan ,&nbsp;Chetan Ashok ,&nbsp;Srikanth Jeyabalan ,&nbsp;Ling Shing Wong ,&nbsp;Mahendran Sekar ,&nbsp;Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ,&nbsp;Sivaraman Dhanasekaran ,&nbsp;Tamilanban Thamaraikani","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease is an escalating public health burden, highlighting the need for safe, effective interventions that improve learning and memory. <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> Linn, traditionally used for medicinal purposes, contains bioactive constituents with antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, making it a promising natural candidate for cognition support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An integrative design combined <em>in silico</em> network pharmacology and molecular docking with <em>in vivo</em> assessment in Swiss albino mice subjected to haloperidol-induced amnesia. The hydroalcoholic seed extract of <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> was evaluated using validated behavioural paradigms (Morris water maze, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition), complemented by phytochemical screening and histopathological examination of brain tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The extract significantly improved spatial, working, and recognition memory in haloperidol-treated mice. Phytochemical screening indicated abundant flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins; histology showed reduced neuronal damage, supporting a neuroprotective effect consistent with antioxidant activity. <em>In silico</em> analyses revealed strong binding affinities of key phytoconstituents to cognition-related targets and hub proteins, suggesting a multitarget mechanism of action.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings indicate that the hydroalcoholic seed extract of <em>Ocimum basilicum</em> confers cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects in a haloperidol-induced amnesia model, likely through synergistic, multitarget engagement of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. Given the rising prevalence of dementia and the limitations of current therapies, further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are warranted to validate the translational potential of basil seed extract as a natural nootropic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100719"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traditional wisdom to modern science: Hesperetin and naringenin as emerging traditional Chinese medicine-based treatments for Alzheimer’s disease 传统智慧到现代科学:橙皮素和柚皮素作为新兴的传统中医治疗阿尔茨海默病
Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100718
Dhani Ramachandran , Win Win May , Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed , Sakina Ruhi , Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal

Background

Hesperetin and naringenin are the two flavonoids that are widely applied in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and mostly found in citrus fruits. Both flavonoids have shown considerable neuroprotective potential. These substances originate from glycosidic precursors, hesperidin and naringin, which are chiefly found in medicinal plants like Zanthoxylum avicennae and Citrus reticulata. In TCM, these botanicals are historically utilized for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and digestive properties, but their potential in influencing neurodegenerative processes is receiving growing scrutiny.

Objective

The aim of this review is to cumulate the neuroprotective properties by systematically retrieving the peer-reviewed preclinical and clinical trial research and studies performed in hesperetin and naringenin on multiple mechanisms connected with AD.

Methods

A complete systematic review has been employed by applying MeSH search terms through the application of keywords such as “Alzheimer’s Disease”, “Neuroprotection”, “amyloid”, molecular mechanistic pathways of AD which are discussed in this review and “Clinical trials” for the polyphenols naringenin and hesperetin. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) analysis method was used for screening of the research studies conducted on naringenin and hesperetin.

Results and discussion

The review retrieved 319 articles in respect to the hesperetin and naringenin on neurodegenerative diseases related to AD. Further scrutinised to 87 with terms of decrease of amyloid-beta aggregation, prevention of tau hyperphosphorylation, mitigation of oxidative stress, and suppression of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, they affect essential molecular cascades, including the PI3K/AKT, NRF2/ARE, and NF-κB signalling pathways, which are intricate for neuronal survival and cognition. It was also found that their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier further amplifies their pharmacological significance in central nervous system illnesses.

Conclusion

Hesperetin and naringenin, as natural multifunctional agents derived from traditional practices, present intriguing opportunities for integrative treatment approaches to AD, connecting the insights of TCM with contemporary neuropharmacology. Further, our review reveals several mechanisms; hesperetin and naringenin are yet to be evaluated in aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) associated with the stress pathway of neurodegeneration, and exploring the HPA renders additional mechanistic neuroprotective recognition.
橙皮素和柚皮素是中药中应用广泛的两种类黄酮,主要存在于柑橘类水果中。这两种类黄酮都显示出相当大的神经保护潜力。这些物质来源于糖苷前体橙皮苷和柚皮苷,主要存在于花椒和柑橘等药用植物中。在中医中,这些植物素来因其镇痛、抗炎和消化特性而被使用,但它们在影响神经退行性过程方面的潜力正受到越来越多的关注。目的通过系统检索同行评审的橙皮苷和柚皮苷临床前和临床试验研究以及与AD相关的多种机制的研究,总结橙皮苷和柚皮苷的神经保护作用。方法采用MeSH检索词,以“阿尔茨海默病”、“神经保护”、“淀粉样蛋白”等关键词,探讨AD的分子机制途径和柚皮素、橙皮素多酚类药物的“临床试验”,进行完整的系统综述。采用首选报告项目进行系统评价和meta分析(PRISMA)分析方法筛选柚皮素和橙皮素的研究。结果与讨论检索到有关橙皮素和柚皮素在AD相关神经退行性疾病中的作用的文献319篇。进一步详细分析了淀粉样蛋白- β聚集的减少、tau蛋白过度磷酸化的预防、氧化应激的缓解和神经炎症的抑制。此外,它们还影响基本的分子级联反应,包括PI3K/AKT、NRF2/ARE和NF-κB信号通路,这些信号通路对神经元存活和认知至关重要。研究还发现,它们穿越血脑屏障的能力进一步增强了它们在中枢神经系统疾病中的药理意义。结论橙皮素和柚皮素作为源自传统实践的天然多功能药物,为阿尔茨海默病的综合治疗提供了有趣的机会,将中医与当代神经药理学的见解联系起来。此外,我们的审查揭示了几个机制;橙皮素和柚皮素在与神经退行性变应激通路相关的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)方面的作用尚未得到评估,对HPA的探索提供了额外的机制神经保护识别。
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引用次数: 0
Polyphenolic-rich extract of Illicium verum fruit modulates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats 八角果多酚提取物对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠炎症的调节作用
Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100717
Maryam Adamu , Olusola B. Adewale , Scholastica O. Anadozie

Introduction

Acute lung injury (ALI), one of the contributing factors of global mortality (about 40% of hospital deaths), is primarily associated with inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Illicium verum, commonly called Ba jiao hui xiang (八角茴香) or Chinese star anise, is native to the subtropical provinces of Southwestern China and used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat digestive disorders, insomnia, and colds, and as a spice in Chinese cuisines. This study investigated the protective effect of polyphenolic-rich extract of Illicium verum (PEIV) fruit against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in rats.

Methodology

Phytochemicals in the plant was screened using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thirty-five male Wistar rats were grouped into seven as follows: Control, ALI (250 µg/kg LPS via intraperitoneal injection for 5 days), ALI + silymarin, ALI + PEIV (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), and PEIV (100 mg/kg) via oral administration for 14 days. At the end of the experimental study, lung tissues were collected for biochemical (oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory (interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and histological assays.

Results

Fourteen distinct biological compounds were identified by the HPLC analysis, with cinnamic acid being the most abundant, at a concentration of 58.99 µg/100 g. The LPS markedly (p < 0.05) increased the tissue arginase activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, and IL-6. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was noted in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST)). However, pretreatment with PEIV protected the rats from LPS-induced ALI by a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the arginase activity and MDA levels and elevation (p < 0.05) in the NO level and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, PEIV reduced the levels of cytokines and reversed histological alterations induced by LPS.

Conclusion

The result of this study showed that PEIV protected the rats from LPS-induced ALI by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and, therefore, could be considered a promising anti-inflammatory agent in managing ALI.
急性肺损伤(ALI)是导致全球死亡的因素之一(约占医院死亡的40%),主要与炎症反应和氧化应激有关。八角茴香,通常被称为八角茴香(茴)或八角茴香,原产于中国西南部的亚热带省份,在中医中用于治疗消化系统疾病、失眠和感冒,并作为中国菜肴的香料。本研究探讨了富含多酚的八角果提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的ALI大鼠的保护作用。方法采用高效液相色谱法对植物化学成分进行筛选。将35只雄性Wistar大鼠分为7组:对照组、ALI(250µg/kg LPS腹腔注射,持续5 d)、ALI +水飞蓟素、ALI + PEIV(25、50、100 mg/kg)、PEIV (100 mg/kg)口服,持续14 d。实验研究结束时,收集肺组织进行生化(氧化应激、促炎(白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α))和组织学检测。结果HPLC分析鉴定出14种不同的生物化合物,其中肉桂酸含量最高,浓度为58.99µg/100 g。LPS显著(p < 0.05)提高了组织精氨酸酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)、TNF-α、IL-6水平。此外,一氧化氮(NO)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平以及酶抗氧化剂(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽-s转移酶(GST))活性显著(p < 0.05)降低。然而,PEIV预处理通过显著(p < 0.05)降低精氨酸酶活性和MDA水平,提高NO水平和抗氧化酶活性(p < 0.05)保护大鼠免受lps诱导的ALI。此外,PEIV降低了细胞因子水平,逆转了LPS诱导的组织学改变。结论PEIV通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应,对lps诱导的ALI具有保护作用,是一种治疗ALI的抗炎药。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic potential of a combination of Nigella sativa, Momordica charantia, and Anethum graveolens in metabolic syndrome management: An in vivo study 黑草、苦瓜和茴香在代谢综合征治疗中的联合治疗潜力:体内研究
Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100716
Rajashekar S. Chavan , Nayeem A. Khatib , Vishal S. Patil , Jagadeesh Dodakallanavar

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Conventional pharmacological interventions primarily manage symptoms but are associated with adverse effects. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants offer promising multi-targeted therapeutic benefits. This study evaluates the efficacy of a polyherbal formulation containing extracts of Nigella sativa (NS, seed), Momordica charantia (MC, fruit), and Anethum graveolens (AG, fruit) in mitigating MetS-induced complications in an olanzapine (Zyprexa)-induced MetS rat model.

Methods

Animals were divided into five groups: normal control (saline), disease control (olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily), and three treatment groups receiving olanzapine (Zyprexa) with formulations containing combination of NS, MC, and AG at 200 mg/kg (100:50:50), 400 mg/kg (200:100:100), and 800 mg/kg (400:200:200) orally. The study assessed metabolic parameters, including blood glucose levels, body weight, food and water intake, lipid profile, and Hemoglobin A1c/ glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Cardiac activity function was evaluated using electrocardiography (ECG). Antioxidant status was assessed by estimating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in tissue homogenates of the heart, liver, and pancreas. Histopathological examinations of these organs were also performed.

Results

Polyherbal formulation 800 mg/kg (400:200:200 ratio) significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved lipid profiles, and mitigated weight gain induced by olanzapine (Zyprexa). ECG analysis demonstrated cardioprotective effects. Antioxidant enzyme activity, including SOD, CAT, and GSH levels, was notably improved in tissue homogenates. Histopathological evaluation further confirmed the protective effects on the liver, heart, and pancreas.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the polyherbal formulation exerts protective effects against MetS by ameliorating blood glucose levels, improving lipid profile, enhancing antioxidant status, and preserving tissue architecture, thereby highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic alternative for the management of metabolic syndrome.
代谢综合征(MetS)是一种多因素疾病,其特征是腹部肥胖、胰岛素抵抗(IR)、高血压、血脂异常,以及2型糖尿病(T2DM)和心血管疾病(cvd)的风险增加。传统的药物干预主要是控制症状,但与不良反应有关。药用植物的生物活性化合物提供了有前途的多靶点治疗效益。本研究在奥氮平(再普乐)诱导的MetS大鼠模型中,评估了含有Nigella sativa (NS,种子)、Momordica charantia (MC,水果)和Anethum graveolens (AG,水果)提取物的多草药配方在缓解MetS诱导的并发症中的功效。方法将动物分为正常对照组(生理盐水)、疾病对照组(奥氮平(再普乐)2 mg/kg,静脉滴注,每日2次)和奥氮平(再普乐)配以NS、MC、AG复合制剂,剂量分别为200 mg/kg(100:50:50)、400 mg/kg(200:100:100)、800 mg/kg(400:200:200:200)。该研究评估了代谢参数,包括血糖水平、体重、食物和水的摄入量、血脂和血红蛋白A1c/糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平。用心电图(ECG)评价心脏活动功能。通过评估心脏、肝脏和胰腺组织匀浆中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平来评估抗氧化状态。对这些器官也进行了组织病理学检查。结果复方800 mg/kg(400:200:200)显著降低血糖水平,改善血脂,减轻再普乐所致体重增加。心电图分析显示其具有心脏保护作用。抗氧化酶活性,包括SOD、CAT和GSH水平,在组织匀浆中显著提高。组织病理学评估进一步证实了其对肝脏、心脏和胰腺的保护作用。结论该复方通过改善血糖水平、改善血脂、增强抗氧化能力和保护组织结构,对代谢综合征具有保护作用,因此具有作为代谢综合征天然治疗方案的潜力。
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of a combination of Nigella sativa, Momordica charantia, and Anethum graveolens in metabolic syndrome management: An in vivo study","authors":"Rajashekar S. Chavan ,&nbsp;Nayeem A. Khatib ,&nbsp;Vishal S. Patil ,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Dodakallanavar","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Conventional pharmacological interventions primarily manage symptoms but are associated with adverse effects. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants offer promising multi-targeted therapeutic benefits. This study evaluates the efficacy of a polyherbal formulation containing extracts of <em>Nigella sativa</em> (NS, seed), <em>Momordica charantia</em> (MC, fruit), and <em>Anethum graveolens</em> (AG, fruit) in mitigating MetS-induced complications in an olanzapine (Zyprexa)-induced MetS rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Animals were divided into five groups: normal control (saline), disease control (olanzapine (Zyprexa) 2 mg/kg, i.p., twice daily), and three treatment groups receiving olanzapine (Zyprexa) with formulations containing combination of NS, MC, and AG at 200 mg/kg (100:50:50), 400 mg/kg (200:100:100), and 800 mg/kg (400:200:200) orally. The study assessed metabolic parameters, including blood glucose levels, body weight, food and water intake, lipid profile, and Hemoglobin A1c/ glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Cardiac activity function was evaluated using electrocardiography (ECG). Antioxidant status was assessed by estimating superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in tissue homogenates of the heart, liver, and pancreas. Histopathological examinations of these organs were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Polyherbal formulation 800 mg/kg (400:200:200 ratio) significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved lipid profiles, and mitigated weight gain induced by olanzapine (Zyprexa). ECG analysis demonstrated cardioprotective effects. Antioxidant enzyme activity, including SOD, CAT, and GSH levels, was notably improved in tissue homogenates. Histopathological evaluation further confirmed the protective effects on the liver, heart, and pancreas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the polyherbal formulation exerts protective effects against MetS by ameliorating blood glucose levels, improving lipid profile, enhancing antioxidant status, and preserving tissue architecture, thereby highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic alternative for the management of metabolic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery of antioxidant peptides from Humulus scandens by multi-step virtual screening, molecular docking, ligand efficiency analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation 通过多步虚拟筛选、分子对接、配体效率分析和分子动力学模拟发现葎草抗氧化肽
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100715
Shi Qi Xu , Wenchao Gong , Wenjie Qin , Dong-Hwa Chung , De Xin Dang

Background

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under both physiological and pathological conditions, including strenuous exercise, inflammation, and unhealthy dietary intake. Excessive ROS accumulation induces oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases. Efficient elimination of ROS is therefore essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and promoting health. Antioxidant peptides derived from herbal medicines have recently gained increasing attention due to their natural origin, safety, and multifunctional biological activities. Compared with synthetic antioxidants, which may raise safety concerns with long-term use, these bioactive peptides represent a promising alternative.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate Humulus scandens (HS), a traditional herbal medicine with reported antioxidant capacity, as a potential source of novel antioxidant peptides.

Methods

A systematic in silico workflow was applied, integrating virtual screening, molecular docking, ligand efficiency analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations. Keap1, a critical regulator of oxidative stress signaling, was selected as the molecular target.

Results

Seven candidate peptides were identified based on predicted non-toxicity, bioactivity, and favorable intestinal absorption. Among these, the tripeptide PGW demonstrated the greatest potential. Molecular docking revealed that PGW interacts with Keap1 through 10 hydrogen bonds, 1 hydrophobic interaction, and 22 van der Waals forces. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the PGW-Keap1 complex and supported its strong binding affinity.

Conclusions

The tripeptide PGW, derived from HS protein, exhibits promising antioxidant potential through direct interaction with Keap1. These findings highlight PGW as a candidate for development into functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals aimed at preventing oxidative stress-related disorders.
活性氧(ROS)是在生理和病理条件下产生的,包括剧烈运动、炎症和不健康的饮食摄入。过度的ROS积累诱导氧化应激,从而损害细胞成分,并有助于慢性疾病的发生和发展。因此,有效消除活性氧对于维持氧化还原稳态和促进健康至关重要。近年来,从草药中提取的抗氧化肽因其天然来源、安全性和多功能生物活性而受到越来越多的关注。与长期使用可能引起安全问题的合成抗氧化剂相比,这些生物活性肽是一种很有前途的替代品。目的探讨葎草(Humulus scandens, HS)作为一种具有抗氧化能力的传统中草药作为新型抗氧化肽的潜在来源。方法采用一套集成虚拟筛选、分子对接、配体效率分析和分子动力学模拟的系统硅片工作流程。Keap1是氧化应激信号的关键调控因子,被选为分子靶点。结果根据预测的无毒性、生物活性和良好的肠道吸收,鉴定出7个候选肽。其中,三肽PGW表现出最大的潜力。分子对接发现PGW与Keap1通过10个氢键、1个疏水相互作用和22个范德华力相互作用。随后的分子动力学模拟证实了PGW-Keap1复合物的稳定性,并支持其强大的结合亲和力。结论HS蛋白衍生的三肽PGW与Keap1直接相互作用,具有良好的抗氧化活性。这些发现突出了PGW作为开发功能性食品成分或营养保健品的候选物,旨在预防氧化应激相关疾病。
{"title":"Discovery of antioxidant peptides from Humulus scandens by multi-step virtual screening, molecular docking, ligand efficiency analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Shi Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Wenchao Gong ,&nbsp;Wenjie Qin ,&nbsp;Dong-Hwa Chung ,&nbsp;De Xin Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under both physiological and pathological conditions, including strenuous exercise, inflammation, and unhealthy dietary intake. Excessive ROS accumulation induces oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases. Efficient elimination of ROS is therefore essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and promoting health. Antioxidant peptides derived from herbal medicines have recently gained increasing attention due to their natural origin, safety, and multifunctional biological activities. Compared with synthetic antioxidants, which may raise safety concerns with long-term use, these bioactive peptides represent a promising alternative.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate Humulus scandens (HS), a traditional herbal medicine with reported antioxidant capacity, as a potential source of novel antioxidant peptides.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic in silico workflow was applied, integrating virtual screening, molecular docking, ligand efficiency analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations. Keap1, a critical regulator of oxidative stress signaling, was selected as the molecular target.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven candidate peptides were identified based on predicted non-toxicity, bioactivity, and favorable intestinal absorption. Among these, the tripeptide PGW demonstrated the greatest potential. Molecular docking revealed that PGW interacts with Keap1 through 10 hydrogen bonds, 1 hydrophobic interaction, and 22 van der Waals forces. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the PGW-Keap1 complex and supported its strong binding affinity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The tripeptide PGW, derived from HS protein, exhibits promising antioxidant potential through direct interaction with Keap1. These findings highlight PGW as a candidate for development into functional food ingredients or nutraceuticals aimed at preventing oxidative stress-related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100715"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crithmum maritimum: Phytoconstituents composition, and potential anticancer activity in gastrointestinal cancer mechanisms and prospects 海苔:植物成分组成和潜在的抗癌活性在胃肠道肿瘤中的作用机制及前景
Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100714
Sourav Pal , Arghya Panda , Biprojit Bhowmick , Khokan Bera

Introduction

Crithmum maritimum(sea fennel, Chinese: 海茴香 [hǎi huí xiāng]) is an edible halophyte traditionally valued in both Mediterranean diets and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is prescribed for “dissolving masses,” regulating qi, and resolving damp-heat/toxins—concepts aligned with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, it shows potential against gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers, a growing global health burden.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2025, limited to English language studies, using keywords “Crithmum maritimum,” “sea fennel,” “gastrointestinal cancer,” “anticancer,” “polyphenols,” “essential oils,” and “bioactive compounds.” of 167 retrieved records, 138 met the inclusion criteria: original in vitro, in vivo, or clinical research evaluating C. maritimum or its constituents for anticancer activity in GIT malignancies. Exclusion criteria removed reviews without new data, unrelated species, and studies lacking mechanistic outcomes.

Results

C. maritimum exhibits preclinical efficacy against GIT cancers via modulation of p53, NRF2, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, aligning with its traditional TCM uses. Studies identified chlorogenic acid (30–50 % of total polyphenol), gallic acid (15–20 % of terpene), limonene, sabinene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, fatty acids, and vitamin C as key anticancer agents that promote apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and attenuate oxidative and inflammatory signaling in GIT cancer models.

Conclusion

C. maritimum exhibits a broad phytochemical spectrum with multitargeted preclinical efficacy against GIT cancers, consistent with its historical TCM applications. Standardization, mechanistic validation, and clinical trials are required to advance its therapeutic integration.

Significance Statement

This review unites TCM tradition with modern biomedical evidence, highlighting C. maritimum as a promising natural agent for GIT cancer prevention and management, with mechanistic breadth well-suited to the multifactorial nature of these malignancies.
海茴香(海茴香,中文:茴[hǎi huí xiāng])是一种可食用的盐生植物,传统上在地中海饮食和中医(TCM)中都有价值,在中医中,它被规定为“溶解块”,调节气,并解决湿热/毒素-与抗炎,抗菌和抗癌作用的概念一致。它富含酚酸、类黄酮、精油、脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质,显示出对抗胃肠道(GIT)癌症的潜力,这是一个日益严重的全球健康负担。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar网站2010 - 2025年间发表的文献,检索关键词为“Crithmum maritimum”、“sea fennel”、“胃肠道癌”、“抗癌”、“多酚”、“精油”和“生物活性化合物”,167条检索记录中有138条符合纳入标准。最初的体外、体内或临床研究评估海棠或其成分对胃肠道恶性肿瘤的抗癌活性。排除标准删除了没有新数据、不相关物种和缺乏机制结果的研究。通过调节p53、NRF2和Wnt/β-catenin通路,显示出对GIT癌症的临床前疗效,与其传统的中医用途一致。研究发现绿原酸(占总多酚的30 - 50%)、没食子酸(占萜烯的15 - 20%)、柠檬烯、沙滨烯、α-蒎烯、γ-萜烯、脂肪酸和维生素C是促进GIT癌症模型中细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成、减弱氧化和炎症信号的关键抗癌药物。其具有广泛的植物化学谱,对胃肠道肿瘤具有多靶点的临床前疗效,与其历史上的中医应用相一致。需要标准化、机制验证和临床试验来推进其治疗整合。本综述将中医传统与现代生物医学证据结合起来,强调了海参是一种很有前途的用于GIT癌症预防和治疗的天然药物,其机制广度非常适合这些恶性肿瘤的多因素性质。
{"title":"Crithmum maritimum: Phytoconstituents composition, and potential anticancer activity in gastrointestinal cancer mechanisms and prospects","authors":"Sourav Pal ,&nbsp;Arghya Panda ,&nbsp;Biprojit Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Khokan Bera","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Crithmum maritimum</em>(sea fennel, Chinese: 海茴香 [hǎi huí xiāng]) is an edible halophyte traditionally valued in both Mediterranean diets and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), where it is prescribed for “dissolving masses,” regulating qi, and resolving damp-heat/toxins—concepts aligned with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, it shows potential against gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers, a growing global health burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2025, limited to English language studies, using keywords “Crithmum maritimum,” “sea fennel,” “gastrointestinal cancer,” “anticancer,” “polyphenols,” “essential oils,” and “bioactive compounds.” of 167 retrieved records, 138 met the inclusion criteria: original in vitro, in vivo, or clinical research evaluating <em>C. maritimum</em> or its constituents for anticancer activity in GIT malignancies. Exclusion criteria removed reviews without new data, unrelated species, and studies lacking mechanistic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>C. maritimum</em> exhibits preclinical efficacy against GIT cancers via modulation of p53, NRF2, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, aligning with its traditional TCM uses. Studies identified chlorogenic acid (30–50 % of total polyphenol), gallic acid (15–20 % of terpene), limonene, sabinene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, fatty acids, and vitamin C as key anticancer agents that promote apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and attenuate oxidative and inflammatory signaling in GIT cancer models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>C. maritimum</em> exhibits a broad phytochemical spectrum with multitargeted preclinical efficacy against GIT cancers, consistent with its historical TCM applications. Standardization, mechanistic validation, and clinical trials are required to advance its therapeutic integration.</div></div><div><h3>Significance Statement</h3><div>This review unites TCM tradition with modern biomedical evidence, highlighting <em>C. maritimum</em> as a promising natural agent for GIT cancer prevention and management, with mechanistic breadth well-suited to the multifactorial nature of these malignancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Honokiol as a next-generation phytotherapeutic: Anticancer, neuroprotective, and nanomedicine perspectives 作为下一代植物治疗:抗癌、神经保护和纳米医学的观点
Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100713
Dilpreet Singh , Nandni , Neena Bedi

Introduction

Honokiol (厚朴酚, Hou Po Fen), a biphenolic compound derived from the bark of Magnolia officinalis (厚朴, Hou Po), has emerged as a promising phytochemical with multi-target pharmacological activities. Traditionally used in East Asian medicine, it is now being investigated for applications in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Its therapeutic promise is attributed to its ability to modulate critical signaling pathways including NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2.

Methods

This review synthesizes and critically analyzes published evidence on honokiol’s chemical properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on preclinical, clinical, and formulation studies of honokiol between 2000–2025. Key molecular targets, in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and translational challenges were evaluated and summarized.

Results

Honokiol demonstrates potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. It effectively induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis, and modulates tumor microenvironmental factors. Neuroprotective actions include attenuation of neuroinflammation, preservation of mitochondrial function, and improvement of cognitive performance. Nanocarrier-based systems—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and nanoemulsions—significantly improve honokiol’s solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Preclinical data confirm efficacy across cancer, neurological, and inflammatory models, though clinical evidence remains limited.

Discussion

Honokiol represents a promising next-generation phytotherapeutic candidate bridging traditional Chinese medicine and modern molecular pharmacology. Despite strong preclinical support, translational progress is hindered by low water solubility, poor bioavailability, limited clinical trials, and regulatory challenges. Advances in nanotechnology, epigenetic modulation, and personalized medicine approaches may accelerate clinical adoption. Future research should focus on standardized formulations, biomarker-driven trials, and integration with emerging therapeutic technologies.
厚朴酚(honokiol,简称:厚朴酚酚)是一种从厚朴树皮中提取的双酚类化合物,是一种具有多靶点药理活性的植物化学物质。传统上用于东亚医学,现在正在研究它在癌症、神经退行性疾病、炎症和传染病方面的应用。其治疗前景归因于其调节关键信号通路的能力,包括NF-κB、STAT3、PI3K/Akt/mTOR和Nrf2。方法本综述综合并批判性地分析了已发表的关于厚朴酚的化学性质、作用机制、药理活性和基于纳米技术的递送系统的证据。文献来源于PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库,重点是2000-2025年间对檀香醇的临床前、临床和配方研究。对关键分子靶点、体外和体内疗效以及转化挑战进行了评价和总结。结果鲜木酚具有较强的抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌和神经保护活性。它能有效诱导细胞凋亡,抑制血管生成,调节肿瘤微环境因子。神经保护作用包括神经炎症的衰减、线粒体功能的保存和认知能力的改善。纳米载体为基础的系统,如脂质体,聚合物纳米颗粒,胶束和纳米乳液,显著提高了厚朴醇的溶解度,稳定性和生物利用度。临床前数据证实了该药物在癌症、神经和炎症模型中的有效性,但临床证据仍然有限。本木酚是一种很有前途的新一代植物治疗候选者,它连接了传统中药和现代分子药理学。尽管有强大的临床前支持,但由于水溶性低、生物利用度差、临床试验有限和监管方面的挑战,转化进展受到阻碍。纳米技术、表观遗传调节和个性化医疗方法的进步可能会加速临床应用。未来的研究应侧重于标准化配方、生物标志物驱动的试验以及与新兴治疗技术的整合。
{"title":"Honokiol as a next-generation phytotherapeutic: Anticancer, neuroprotective, and nanomedicine perspectives","authors":"Dilpreet Singh ,&nbsp;Nandni ,&nbsp;Neena Bedi","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Honokiol (<strong>厚朴酚, Hou Po Fen</strong>), a biphenolic compound derived from the bark of <em>Magnolia officinalis</em> (<strong>厚朴, Hou Po</strong>), has emerged as a promising phytochemical with multi-target pharmacological activities. Traditionally used in East Asian medicine, it is now being investigated for applications in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Its therapeutic promise is attributed to its ability to modulate critical signaling pathways including NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Nrf2.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review synthesizes and critically analyzes published evidence on honokiol’s chemical properties, mechanisms of action, pharmacological activities, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on preclinical, clinical, and formulation studies of honokiol between 2000–2025. Key molecular targets, in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and translational challenges were evaluated and summarized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Honokiol demonstrates potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities. It effectively induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis, and modulates tumor microenvironmental factors. Neuroprotective actions include attenuation of neuroinflammation, preservation of mitochondrial function, and improvement of cognitive performance. Nanocarrier-based systems—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and nanoemulsions—significantly improve honokiol’s solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Preclinical data confirm efficacy across cancer, neurological, and inflammatory models, though clinical evidence remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Honokiol represents a promising next-generation phytotherapeutic candidate bridging traditional Chinese medicine and modern molecular pharmacology. Despite strong preclinical support, translational progress is hindered by low water solubility, poor bioavailability, limited clinical trials, and regulatory challenges. Advances in nanotechnology, epigenetic modulation, and personalized medicine approaches may accelerate clinical adoption. Future research should focus on standardized formulations, biomarker-driven trials, and integration with emerging therapeutic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine
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