Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine最新文献_第5页

Unveiling the therapeutic mechanisms of Yuehua Pill against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis via network pharmacology and molecular docking 通过网络药理学和分子对接揭示月花丸对耐多药结核病的治疗机制

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100777

Qingfeng Sun , Yunjie Qin , Qiwen Huang , Xin Mai , Lan Mo , Kangyan Lv , Sang Liu , Liyuan Li , Yingying Zhang , Yan Liao , Aimei Liu , Qianyu Liu

Introduction

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presents a severe global health challenge due to limited treatment options. Yuehua Pill, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has shown clinical efficacy as an adjunctive therapy. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of Yuehua Pill against MDR-TB using an integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking approach.

Methods

Active compounds in Yuehua Pill were identified from the TCMSP database. Potential targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction and cross-referenced with MDR-TB-related genes from public databases to identify common targets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and visualized in Cytoscape to identify hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal key pathways. Finally, AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking simulations to validate the binding between key compounds and hub proteins.

Results

We identified 121 common targets linking Yuehua Pill to MDR-TB. The PPI network analysis pinpointed ten hub genes, including AKT1, IL6, and TNF. Enrichment analyses revealed that these targets are primarily involved in immune responses and inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the HIF-1 and PI3K-Akt pathways. Molecular docking confirmed that key active compounds, notably quercetin and diosgenin, exhibited strong binding affinities to the hub proteins AKT1, TNF, and IL6.

Discussion

Yuehua Pill likely exerts therapeutic effects via a multi-component, multi-target mechanism, potentially modulating host immune responses and targeting bacterial survival pathways to overcome drug resistance. While offering a scientific rationale for its clinical use, these findings require further experimental validation.

由于治疗选择有限，耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）是一项严重的全球卫生挑战。月花丸是一种传统的中药配方，作为辅助治疗已显示出临床疗效。然而，其分子机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过网络药理学和分子对接的方法，阐明越花丸对耐多药结核病的治疗机制。方法从中药数据库中对月花丸的活性成分进行鉴定。使用SwissTargetPrediction预测潜在靶标，并与公共数据库中的耐多药结核病相关基因交叉参考，以确定共同靶标。利用STRING构建蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络，并在Cytoscape中进行可视化。功能富集分析揭示了关键通路。最后，利用AutoDock Vina进行分子对接模拟，验证关键化合物与枢纽蛋白之间的结合。结果我们确定了121个与耐多药结核病相关的共同靶点。PPI网络分析确定了10个枢纽基因，包括AKT1、IL6和TNF。富集分析显示，这些靶点主要参与免疫应答和炎症信号通路，如HIF-1和PI3K-Akt通路。分子对接证实，关键活性化合物，特别是槲皮素和薯蓣皂苷元，与枢纽蛋白AKT1、TNF和IL6具有很强的结合亲和力。越花丸可能通过多组分、多靶点的机制发挥治疗作用，潜在地调节宿主免疫反应和靶向细菌生存途径来克服耐药性。在为其临床应用提供科学依据的同时，这些发现还需要进一步的实验验证。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmacological insights into traditional Chinese medicine for heart failure: Targeting cardiac energy metabolism and mitochondrial function 中药治疗心力衰竭的药理学见解：针对心脏能量代谢和线粒体功能

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100764

Yokesh Shanmugam, Mahaswetha Kannuchamy, Lokeshvar Ravikumar

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) remains a major contributor to global cardiovascular mortality, largely due to disturbances in myocardial energy balance and mitochondrial impairment. Conventional therapies alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression but seldom restore normal cardiac bioenergetics. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a holistic, multitarget therapeutic framework that can influence metabolic and signaling networks involved in maintaining cardiac energy homeostasis.

Methods

Following the PRISMA framework, a systematic search was carried out for publications from 2021 to 2025 examining TCM-derived compounds or formulations with regulatory effects on myocardial energy metabolism in HF. Comprehensive searches across PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Springer retrieved 230,887 records. After eliminating duplicates and non-relevant studies, 1210 full-text papers were evaluated, of which four satisfied all inclusion requirements. Pharmacokinetic characteristics, effective concentrations, and dosage data were extracted to improve the quantitative assessment of included findings.

Results

Bioactive constituents such as berberine, astragaloside IV, resveratrol, tanshinone IIA, and ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced mitochondrial performance and ATP generation mainly through activation of AMPK, PGC-1α, and mTOR signaling. Reported effective doses ranged between 10 and 50 mg/kg, with half-lives from 0.9 to 6 h and generally low oral absorption. Polyherbal preparations including Qiliqiangxin, Shengmai San, and Zhenwu Tang produced additive benefits by improving oxidative status and energy remodeling in cardiac tissue.

Discussion

Evidence suggests that TCM interventions can reprogram myocardial energy metabolism and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, although heterogeneity in formulation and dosing limits clinical consistency.

Conclusion

TCM represents a promising complementary approach for HF therapy by restoring cardiac energy dynamics, warranting further standardized pharmacokinetic and clinical investigations to validate its translational value.

心力衰竭（HF）仍然是全球心血管死亡的主要原因，主要是由于心肌能量平衡紊乱和线粒体损伤。常规治疗减轻症状和减缓疾病进展，但很少恢复正常的心脏生物能量。中医提供了一个整体的、多靶点的治疗框架，可以影响参与维持心脏能量稳态的代谢和信号网络。方法遵循PRISMA框架，系统检索2021 - 2025年发表的文献，研究中药衍生化合物或制剂对心衰患者心肌能量代谢的调节作用。通过PubMed、谷歌Scholar、ScienceDirect和施普林格进行综合搜索，检索到230,887条记录。在剔除重复和非相关研究后，评估了1210篇全文论文，其中4篇满足所有纳入要求。提取药代动力学特征、有效浓度和剂量数据，以改进纳入结果的定量评估。结果小檗碱、黄芪甲苷、白藜芦醇、丹参酮IIA和人参皂苷Rb1等生物活性成分主要通过激活AMPK、PGC-1α和mTOR信号通路提高线粒体性能和ATP生成。报告的有效剂量范围为10至50mg /kg，半衰期为0.9至6小时，口服吸收一般较低。七力强心、生脉散、真五汤等多药制剂通过改善心脏组织的氧化状态和能量重塑而产生添加剂效应。有证据表明，中药干预可以重编程心肌能量代谢并减轻线粒体功能障碍，尽管配方和剂量的异质性限制了临床一致性。结论中药通过恢复心脏能量动力学是一种很有前景的治疗心衰的补充方法，需要进一步标准化的药代动力学和临床研究来验证其转化价值。

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引用次数: 0

Antipsychotic effect of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco: Evidence from murine behavioral assays and computational studies 山菖蒲的抗精神病作用布兰科：来自小鼠行为分析和计算研究的证据

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100730

Md. Emam Shikdar , H. M. Shadid Hossain Snigdha , Md. Mohaiminul Islam , Md. Showkoth Akbor , Shahinur Rahman , Prottoy Kumar Debnath , Razina Rouf , Muhammad Torequl Islam , Jamil A Shilpi , Shaikh Jamal Uddin

Introduction

Antipsychotic therapy targets the mesolimbic dopaminergic hyperactivity observed in schizophrenia. Drugs such as olanzapine (Zyprexa) alleviate positive symptoms by suppressing this pathway, although they are often associated with adverse effects, including psychomotor slowing. Notably, In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Aegiceras corniculatum (蠟燭果;桐花樹) is documented in classical materia medica for treating pain, swelling, rheumatism, asthma, and diabetes. Its traditional role in analgesia and nociception suggests engagement of central pain-modulating pathways, and together with reported neuromodulatory properties, provides a rationale for evaluating its relevance in schizophrenia.

Methods

Ethanolic leaf extract of A. corniculatum (ACEE) was evaluated in dopamine-induced mouse models using marble burying, dust removal, and trained swim tests. Effects were compared with olanzapine (Zyprexa) (OLN-2) and combination treatments. Phytoconstituents were identified via GC–MS, while molecular docking and ADMET profiling assessed interactions with dopamine D₂ receptors, pharmacokinetics, and safety.

Results

Dopamine (DOP-22) significantly increased compulsive behaviors (marble burying: 13.8 ± 1.5 vs. 10.8 ± 1.9 in controls; dust removal: 141.4 ± 9.3 g vs. 107.1 ± 14.3 g, p < 0.05). OLN-2 reduced both (6.0 ± 0.6 marbles; 42.5 ± 4.9 g). ACEE produced dose-dependent reductions (9.3 ± 1.8 and 8.0 ± 1.8 marbles; 87.3 ± 8.4 g and 64.4 ± 11.2 g). Combined ACEE-250 and OLN-2 yielded stronger suppression (5.7 ± 0.8 marbles; 54.2 ± 6.8 g). In the trained swim test, dopamine improved performance (6.8 ± 2.1 s vs. 10.3 ± 1.7 s), while OLN-2 impaired it (18.7 ± 2.4 s). ACEE caused moderate slowing (15.4 ± 1.3 s), suggesting partial preservation of psychomotor function. Docking revealed BOPC as the strongest D₂ ligand (-9.1 kcal/mol), while more abundant compounds (PPD, BEA, MDT) showed moderate affinities with favorable ADMET characteristics.

Conclusion

ACEE demonstrated antipsychotic-like activity through dopaminergic modulation, with an additive effect when combined with OLN-2, and showed a milder impact on psychomotor performance. Supported by traditional use and preliminary modern analyses, A. corniculatum warrants further investigation as a potential complementary source of dopaminergically active compounds.

抗精神病药物治疗的目标是在精神分裂症中观察到的中边缘多巴胺能亢进。奥氮平（再普乐）等药物通过抑制这一途径来缓解阳性症状，尽管它们通常伴有不良反应，包括精神运动减慢。值得注意的是，在中医（TCM）中，羊角草（;）被记录在经典药材中，用于治疗疼痛，肿胀，风湿病，哮喘和糖尿病。它在镇痛和伤害感觉中的传统作用表明中枢疼痛调节通路的参与，以及已报道的神经调节特性，为评估其在精神分裂症中的相关性提供了基本原理。方法采用大理石掩埋法、除尘法和训练游泳法对多巴胺诱导的小鼠模型进行评价。比较奥氮平（再普乐）（OLN-2）及联合治疗的疗效。通过GC-MS鉴定植物成分，分子对接和ADMET分析评估与多巴胺D₂受体的相互作用、药代动力学和安全性。结果多巴胺（dop22）显著增加强迫行为（大理石掩埋组：13.8±1.5比10.8±1.9，除尘组：141.4±9.3 g比107.1±14.3 g, p < 0.05）。OLN-2减少了两者（6.0±0.6 g; 42.5±4.9 g）。ACEE产生剂量依赖性减少（9.3±1.8和8.0±1.8 μ g; 87.3±8.4 g和64.4±11.2 g）。ACEE-250和OLN-2联合抑制效果更强（5.7±0.8弹；54.2±6.8 g）。在训练游泳实验中，多巴胺能提高游泳成绩（6.8±2.1 s vs. 10.3±1.7 s），而OLN-2则能降低游泳成绩（18.7±2.4 s）。ACEE引起中度减慢（15.4±1.3 s），提示精神运动功能部分保留。对接发现BOPC是最强的D₂配体（-9.1 kcal/mol），而更丰富的化合物（PPD， BEA， MDT）表现出中等的亲和力，具有良好的ADMET特性。结论acee通过多巴胺能调节表现出抗精神病样活性，与OLN-2联用具有加性作用，对精神运动表现的影响较轻。在传统用途和初步现代分析的支持下，黄芩作为多巴胺活性化合物的潜在补充来源值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

In vivo, in vitro, and in silico evaluation of the analgesic, antidiarrheal, and anthelmintic activities of methanolic extract of Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp 枸杞醇提物的镇痛、止泻和驱虫药活性的体内、体外和计算机评价

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100734

Md. Jahirul Islam Mamun, Md. Hossain Rasel, Zobayed Islam, Khurshida Jahan Suma, Mohi Uddin

Background

Syzygium grande (syn. Eugenia grandis), commonly known as the sea apple, is a medicinally important plant that has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including coughs, hemorrhoids (piles), dental problems, dysentery, bronchitis, and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic, in vivo analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities of the methanolic extract of S. grande (MESG) using Swiss albino mice.

Methods

The anthelmintic activity was tested on the earthworm Pheretima posthuma. At the same time, analgesic effects were assessed using three models: the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test, and the hot plate test. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea and the gastrointestinal motility test with charcoal meal. To support experimental findings, in silico methods such as molecular docking, ADME/T, PASS prediction, and network pharmacology were employed.

Results

Significant writhing inhibition was shown by MESG at 400 mg/kg—66.82% in the acetic acid test and 63.38% in the formalin test (p < 0.001), and showed marked analgesic activity in the hot plate test. At 200 mg/kg, the extract also exhibited strong antidiarrheal effects (p < 0.001). In the anthelmintic test, MESG at 10 μg/mL showed maximum efficacy comparable to levamisole (10 μg/mL). To clarify the multi-target potential of S. grande phytochemicals in modifying key proteins involved in pharmacological processes, this study combines network pharmacology with molecular docking. Molecular docking results revealed that gamma-sitosterol exhibited the highest binding affinity against 6COX, 5ZHP, and 1SA0 protein targets, suggesting strong potential as a drug candidate due to its favorable interactions.

Conclusion

Based on both experimental and computational evidence, MESG shows promise as a potential source of natural analgesic, antidiarrheal, and anthelmintic agents, warranting further research for drug development.

大海棠（Eugenia grandis），俗称海棠，是一种重要的药用植物，传统上用于治疗各种疾病，包括咳嗽、痔疮、牙病、痢疾、支气管炎和糖尿病。本研究旨在对瑞士白化病小鼠进行体外驱虫药、体内镇痛和止泻作用的评价。方法对蚯蚓进行驱虫活性测定。同时采用醋酸致扭体实验、福尔马林致舔爪实验和热板实验三种模型对其镇痛效果进行评价。采用蓖麻油致泻法和炭粉胃肠运动试验评价其止泻活性。为了支持实验结果，采用了分子对接、ADME/T、PASS预测和网络药理学等计算机方法。结果400 mg/kg时，meg显示出明显的扭体抑制作用，乙酸试验为66.82%，福尔马林试验为63.38% (p < 0.001)，热板试验显示出明显的镇痛活性。当浓度为200 mg/kg时，提取物也表现出很强的止泻作用（p < 0.001）。在驱虫实验中，MESG浓度为10 μg/mL的效果与左旋咪唑（10 μg/mL）相当。为了阐明大叶植物化学物质在修饰药理过程关键蛋白方面的多靶点潜力，本研究将网络药理学与分子对接相结合。分子对接结果显示，γ -谷甾醇对6COX、5ZHP和1SA0蛋白靶点具有最高的结合亲和力，由于其良好的相互作用，表明其作为候选药物具有很强的潜力。结论基于实验和计算证据，MESG有望成为天然镇痛、止泻和驱虫药的潜在来源，值得进一步研究开发药物。

{"title":"In vivo, in vitro, and in silico evaluation of the analgesic, antidiarrheal, and anthelmintic activities of methanolic extract of Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp","authors":"Md. Jahirul Islam Mamun, Md. Hossain Rasel, Zobayed Islam, Khurshida Jahan Suma, Mohi Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Syzygium grande</em> (syn. Eugenia grandis), commonly known as the sea apple, is a medicinally important plant that has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including coughs, hemorrhoids (piles), dental problems, dysentery, bronchitis, and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic, <em>in vivo</em> analgesic, and antidiarrheal activities of the methanolic extract of <em>S. grande</em> (MESG) using Swiss albino mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The anthelmintic activity was tested on the earthworm <em>Pheretima posthuma</em>. At the same time, analgesic effects were assessed using three models: the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test, and the hot plate test. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea and the gastrointestinal motility test with charcoal meal. To support experimental findings, in silico methods such as molecular docking, ADME/T, PASS prediction, and network pharmacology were employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant writhing inhibition was shown by MESG at 400 mg/kg—66.82% in the acetic acid test and 63.38% in the formalin test (p < 0.001), and showed marked analgesic activity in the hot plate test. At 200 mg/kg, the extract also exhibited strong antidiarrheal effects (p < 0.001). In the anthelmintic test, MESG at 10 μg/mL showed maximum efficacy comparable to levamisole (10 μg/mL). To clarify the multi-target potential of <em>S. grande</em> phytochemicals in modifying key proteins involved in pharmacological processes, this study combines network pharmacology with molecular docking. Molecular docking results revealed that gamma-sitosterol exhibited the highest binding affinity against 6COX, 5ZHP, and 1SA0 protein targets, suggesting strong potential as a drug candidate due to its favorable interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on both experimental and computational evidence, MESG shows promise as a potential source of natural analgesic, antidiarrheal, and anthelmintic agents, warranting further research for drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can Arthrospira (Spirulina) sp. be used to protect the kidneys and prevent hypertension? a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies 节肢螺旋藻可以保护肾脏和预防高血压吗？临床前研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100751

Gabrielly Hilário da Silva , Sabrina Swan Souza da Silva , Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto , Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra

Introduction

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), natural products such as Spirulina have been valued for centuries for their ability to regulate blood pressure and support organ function, including renal health. Arthrospira (Spirulina) sp., a blue-green cyanobacterium recognized by the United Nations as a "superfood of the future," is rich in phycocyanin, a pigment with emerging nephroprotective potential. This review evaluates the effects of Spirulina or phycocyanin, alone or in combination with other bioactives, on biomarkers of kidney function.

Methods

Systematic searches of databases like MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and CENTRAL between 2011 and 2024 are used to identify relevant studies for systematic reviews. The random-effect and inverse variance models were applied to verify data and perform meta-analysis. RoB tool for intervention studies (SYRCLE's RoB tool) and Cochrane Collaboration were used to assess quality and risk of bias.

Results

A total of 267 studies were identified, and after screening, 10 were selected for analysis. Despite high heterogeneity across studies, the overall effects were statistically significant. Risk of bias was low across all domains, indicating reliable and robust findings.

Discussion

The meta-analysis revealed that Arthrospira (Spirulina) and C-phycocyanin supplementation significantly improved biomarkers of kidney function, reducing serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and urinary protein levels, as well as lowering systolic blood pressure in preclinical models. Despite consistent trends toward renoprotection and antihypertensive effects, high heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for further research to define optimal doses, treatment durations, and experimental conditions.

在传统中医（TCM）中，螺旋藻等天然产品因其调节血压和支持器官功能（包括肾脏健康）的能力而被重视了几个世纪。Arthrospira（螺旋藻）sp.是一种蓝绿色的蓝藻，被联合国认定为“未来的超级食物”，富含藻蓝蛋白，这是一种具有新兴肾保护潜力的色素。本综述评估了螺旋藻或藻蓝蛋白单独或与其他生物活性物质联合使用对肾脏功能生物标志物的影响。方法系统检索2011 - 2024年间的MEDLINE、Web of Science、LILACS、ScienceDirect、CENTRAL等数据库，筛选相关研究进行系统评价。采用随机效应和逆方差模型验证数据并进行meta分析。干预研究的RoB工具（sycle的RoB工具）和Cochrane协作用于评估质量和偏倚风险。结果共纳入研究267篇，经筛选筛选出10篇进行分析。尽管各研究的异质性很高，但总体效果在统计学上是显著的。所有领域的偏倚风险都很低，表明研究结果可靠而有力。荟萃分析显示，在临床前模型中，补充节螺旋藻和c -藻蓝蛋白可显著改善肾功能生物标志物，降低血清肌酐、尿素、尿酸和尿蛋白水平，并降低收缩压。尽管在肾保护和降压作用方面有一致的趋势，但研究之间的高度异质性表明需要进一步研究来确定最佳剂量、治疗持续时间和实验条件。

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引用次数: 0

Echinacea-derived alkylamides as complementary immunomodulators: Potential for integration with synthetic immunosuppressive therapies 紫锥菊衍生的烷基酰胺作为互补免疫调节剂：与合成免疫抑制疗法整合的潜力

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100754

Fatemeh Ahmadi , Ha Truong Nguyen , Zahra Ahmadi

Introduction

The escalating incidence of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders has intensified reliance on synthetic immunosuppressants, yet long-term safety issues and incomplete therapeutic responses persist. Concurrently, echinacea (紫锥菊, Zǐ Zhuī Jú) extracts rich in alkylamides show promising complementary immunoregulatory activity via cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB₂) engagement and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulation. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, echinacea is classified as a medicinal herb with a wide applications in treating wind-heat common cold, fever, cough, and sore throat.

Methods

This review integrates current pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evidence on (i) corticosteroids, DMARDs, biologics, and JAK inhibitors, and (ii) echinacea-derived alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives, to identify synergistic mechanisms relevant to integrative immunomodulation. We synthesised data from peer-reviewed articles retrieved through Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Emphasis was placed on receptor-binding assays, in vivo efficacy models, and Phase I–III clinical trials.

Results

Synthetic agents chiefly exert single-target or pathway-restricted actions, e.g., glucocorticoid receptor transactivation, JAK–STAT blockade, yielding rapid symptom control but cumulative adverse events. By contrast, echinacea alkylamides demonstrate multi-target behaviour: nanomolar-affinity CB₂ activation dampens TNF-α and IL-6, whereas partial TLR4 antagonism re-balances Th1/Th2 cytokine bias, potentially complementing conventional immunosuppression. Integrating phytotherapeutics with conventional immunosuppressants may optimize efficacy–safety ratios through dose-sparing effects and enhanced therapeutic windows. However, heterogeneity in echinacea chemotypes demands rigorous standardization and head-to-head clinical trials evaluating combination therapies.

Discussion

The orthogonal engagement of CB₂ and TLR4 pathways by alkylamides complements the single-target mechanisms of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors, enabling additive anti-inflammatory effects and potential dose-sparing strategies. This review positions echinacea as a rational adjuvant platform for next-generation complementary immunomodulation strategies within the framework of Traditional Chinese Medicine, supporting the development of personalized integrative approaches to immune disorders. Future research should exploit systems-biology-guided formulation to harness additive CB₂–TLR4 crosstalk in integrative treatment protocols.

自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的发病率不断上升，对合成免疫抑制剂的依赖日益增强，但长期的安全性问题和不完全的治疗反应仍然存在。同时，富含烷基酰胺的紫锥菊提取物通过参与大麻素受体2 （CB₂）和toll样受体4 （TLR4）的调节，显示出有希望的互补免疫调节活性。在中医中，紫锥菊被归类为一种广泛应用于治疗风热性感冒、发烧、咳嗽和喉咙痛的草药。方法本综述整合了目前关于(i)皮质类固醇、DMARDs、生物制剂和JAK抑制剂的药效学和药代动力学证据，以及（ii）紫锥菊衍生的烷基酰胺和咖啡酸衍生物，以确定与综合免疫调节相关的协同机制。我们综合了通过Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus检索的同行评议文章的数据。重点放在受体结合试验、体内疗效模型和I-III期临床试验上。结果合成药物主要发挥单靶点或通路限制作用，如糖皮质激素受体转激活、JAK-STAT阻断等，可迅速控制症状，但不良事件累积。相比而言，紫锥花烷基酰胺表现出多靶点行为：纳米分子亲和的CB 2激活抑制TNF-α和IL-6，而部分TLR4拮抗重新平衡Th1/Th2细胞因子的偏性，潜在地补充了传统的免疫抑制。将植物疗法与传统免疫抑制剂相结合，可以通过剂量节约效应和增加治疗窗口来优化药效安全比。然而，紫锥菊化学型的异质性需要严格的标准化和头对头临床试验来评估联合治疗。烷基酰胺对CB₂和TLR4通路的正交作用补充了皮质类固醇、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂和JAK抑制剂的单靶点机制，实现了加性抗炎作用和潜在的剂量节约策略。本综述将紫锥菊定位为中医框架下下一代互补免疫调节策略的合理辅助平台，支持个性化免疫疾病综合治疗方法的发展。未来的研究应利用系统生物学指导配方，在综合治疗方案中利用添加剂CB₂-TLR4串扰。

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引用次数: 0

Regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang on the mTreg/mTh17 balance in mice with autoimmune hepatitis 片仔癀对自身免疫性肝炎小鼠mTreg/mTh17平衡的调节作用

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100750

Linxin Zheng , Bugao Zhou , Miaohua Liu , Yi Xiong , Xin Zeng , Kaien Guo , Duanyong Liu

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Pien Tze Huang (PTH) in a murine autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model through assessment of memory regulatory T cells (mTreg)/memory T helper cell 17 (mTh17) cell equilibrium and glycolytic metabolism.

Methods

AIH was induced through intravenous concanavalin A (ConA) administration via tail vein injection with prophylactic PTH treatment over 10 days. Hepatic histopathological alterations were evaluated using H&E staining, while serum transaminase levels were quantified through biochemical analysis. ELISA was employed to determine immunoglobulin concentrations and hepatic tissue levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 21 (IL-21), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), glycolysis hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), aldolase A (ALDOA), glucokinase (GCK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Flow cytometric analysis was performed to quantify Treg, mTreg, Th17, and mTh17 cell populations. Protein expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (Glut1), glucose transporter protein 2 (Glut2), glucose transporter protein 3 (Glut3), glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), T-cell transcription factor (T-bet), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) was analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

Relative to the model group, PTH administration significantly ameliorated hepatocellular injury, as evidenced by reduced serum ALT and AST levels, decreased immunoglobulin concentrations, and attenuated hepatic pathological damage (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Furthermore, PTH treatment resulted in significant suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine hepatic tissue (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). PTH treatment increased the proportions of Treg and mTreg cells while reducing Th17 and mTh17 cell populations (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Mechanistic investigations revealed that PTH significantly downregulated the expression of critical glycolytic enzymes and glycolysis-associated proteins in hepatic tissue of AIH model mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).

Conclusions

PTH effectively attenuates ConA-induced AIH by modulating the balance of memory Treg/Th17 cells and glycolytic pathways.

目的通过对记忆调节性T细胞(mTreg)/记忆辅助性T细胞17 （mTh17）细胞平衡及糖酵解代谢的影响，探讨片仔黄（PTH）对小鼠自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）模型的治疗作用及机制。方法在预防PTH治疗10 d后，经尾静脉注射ConA诱导saih。采用H&；E染色评估肝脏组织病理学改变，同时通过生化分析量化血清转氨酶水平。ELISA法测定免疫球蛋白浓度及肝组织中白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素6 （IL-6）、白细胞介素21 （IL-21）、白细胞介素10 （IL-10）、白细胞介素4 （IL-4）、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、干扰素γ (IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）、免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）、糖酵解己糖激酶2 （HK2）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶（G6pase）、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）、醛缩酶A （ALDOA）、葡萄糖激酶（GCK），乳酸脱氢酶（LDHA）。流式细胞分析定量Treg、mTreg、Th17和mTh17细胞群。Western blotting分析葡萄糖转运蛋白1 （Glut1）、葡萄糖转运蛋白2 （Glut2）、葡萄糖转运蛋白3 （Glut3）、葡萄糖转运蛋白4 （Glut4）、缺氧诱导因子1α亚基（HIF-1α）、转录信号转导和激活因子3 （STAT3）、磷酸化信号转导和激活因子3 （p-STAT3）、t细胞转录因子（T-bet）、视黄酸受体相关孤儿受体γ (rorγ γt)的蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比，PTH可显著改善肝细胞损伤，降低血清ALT和AST水平，降低免疫球蛋白浓度，减轻肝脏病理损伤（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。此外，PTH治疗显著抑制小鼠肝组织中促炎细胞因子的表达（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。PTH处理增加Treg和mTreg细胞比例，减少Th17和mTh17细胞数量（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。机制研究显示PTH显著下调AIH模型小鼠肝组织中关键糖酵解酶和糖酵解相关蛋白的表达（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。结论spth通过调节记忆Treg/Th17细胞和糖酵解通路的平衡，有效减弱cona诱导的AIH。

{"title":"Regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang on the mTreg/mTh17 balance in mice with autoimmune hepatitis","authors":"Linxin Zheng , Bugao Zhou , Miaohua Liu , Yi Xiong , Xin Zeng , Kaien Guo , Duanyong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Pien Tze Huang (PTH) in a murine autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model through assessment of memory regulatory T cells (mTreg)/memory T helper cell 17 (mTh17) cell equilibrium and glycolytic metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AIH was induced through intravenous concanavalin A (ConA) administration <em>via</em> tail vein injection with prophylactic PTH treatment over 10 days. Hepatic histopathological alterations were evaluated using H&E staining, while serum transaminase levels were quantified through biochemical analysis. ELISA was employed to determine immunoglobulin concentrations and hepatic tissue levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 21 (IL-21), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), glycolysis hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), aldolase A (ALDOA), glucokinase (GCK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Flow cytometric analysis was performed to quantify Treg, mTreg, Th17, and mTh17 cell populations. Protein expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (Glut1), glucose transporter protein 2 (Glut2), glucose transporter protein 3 (Glut3), glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), T-cell transcription factor (T-bet), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) was analyzed by Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Relative to the model group, PTH administration significantly ameliorated hepatocellular injury, as evidenced by reduced serum ALT and AST levels, decreased immunoglobulin concentrations, and attenuated hepatic pathological damage (<em>p</em> < 0.05 or <em>p</em> < 0.01). Furthermore, PTH treatment resulted in significant suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine hepatic tissue (<em>p</em> < 0.05 or <em>p</em> < 0.01). PTH treatment increased the proportions of Treg and mTreg cells while reducing Th17 and mTh17 cell populations (<em>p</em> < 0.05 or <em>p</em> < 0.01). Mechanistic investigations revealed that PTH significantly downregulated the expression of critical glycolytic enzymes and glycolysis-associated proteins in hepatic tissue of AIH model mice (<em>p</em> < 0.05 or <em>p</em> < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PTH effectively attenuates ConA-induced AIH by modulating the balance of memory Treg/Th17 cells and glycolytic pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroprotective effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan): Mechanisms, active compounds, and therapeutic potential 绞股蓝的神经保护作用：机制、活性成分和治疗潜力

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100760

Ritesh Sharma , Kuldeep Singh , Deepak Sharma , Abhishek Sharma , Divya Jain , Subbulakshmi Packirisamy , Mukesh Chandra Sharma , Amitabh Shad

Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal loss, with limited therapeutic options. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in gypenosides, has demonstrated neuroprotective potential through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurogenic activities.

Methods

This review synthesizes data from phytochemical, in vitro, in vivo, and limited clinical studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of Jiaogulan. Sources were selected from experimental models of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, focusing on mechanistic pathways, active compounds, and therapeutic relevance.

Results

Evidence indicates that Jiaogulan mitigates neuronal injury via multiple mechanisms, including activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling, inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK pathways, modulation of BDNF and PI3K/Akt signaling, protection against mitochondrial dysfunction, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Most available human studies evaluate the systemic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects of G. pentaphyllum. While these outcomes are not direct neurological endpoints, they are biologically relevant to neuroprotection, given the established links between systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative processes. Limited clinical data suggest improvements in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive outcomes, with favorable safety profiles.

Discussion

The multi-target pharmacological profile of Jiaogulan aligns with the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. However, gaps remain regarding compound-specific mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and large-scale clinical validation. Standardization of extracts and advanced delivery approaches may enhance translational potential.

Conclusion

Gynostemma pentaphyllum represents a promising natural neuroprotective agent. With further mechanistic studies and well-designed clinical trials, Jiaogulan could emerge as a novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases.

神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病涉及氧化应激、炎症和神经元丧失，治疗选择有限。绞股蓝是一种富含绞股蓝皂苷的传统中草药，具有抗氧化、抗炎和神经原性活性，具有神经保护作用。方法从植物化学、体外、体内和有限的临床研究等方面对胶骨蓝的神经保护作用进行综述。来源从氧化应激、神经炎症和神经变性的实验模型中选择，重点关注机制途径、活性化合物和治疗相关性。结果胶骨蓝可通过激活Nrf2/ARE信号通路、抑制NF-κB/MAPK通路、调节BDNF和PI3K/Akt信号通路、保护线粒体功能障碍、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶等多种机制减轻神经元损伤。大多数现有的人体研究评估了五谷葡萄球菌的全身抗氧化、抗炎和代谢作用。虽然这些结果不是直接的神经学终点，但考虑到全身性炎症、氧化应激和神经退行性过程之间已建立的联系，它们与神经保护具有生物学相关性。有限的临床数据表明，氧化应激、炎症和认知结果的改善，具有良好的安全性。胶骨蓝的多靶点药理学特征与神经退行性疾病的复杂病理生理一致。然而，在化合物特异性机制、药代动力学、生物利用度和大规模临床验证方面仍存在差距。提取物的标准化和先进的递送方法可以提高翻译潜力。结论绞股蓝是一种很有前途的天然神经保护剂。通过进一步的机制研究和精心设计的临床试验，胶骨蓝有望成为预防和治疗神经退行性疾病的新候选药物。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying active substances of Huangqin Decoction regulating intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by mass spectrometry networking and multiscale models 通过质谱网络和多尺度模型鉴定黄芩汤调节肠上皮屏障功能障碍的活性物质

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100755

Juntao Wang , Yeting Zhou , Xutao Ge , Miao Zhu , Baiping Ma , Zheng Li , Yi Wang

Introduction

Huangqin decoction (HQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription recorded in the "Shang Han Lun", a decoction composed of huangqin, chishao, gancao and dazao, which has been widely used to relieve symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and typhoid fever. However, its active components is yet to be clarified.

Methods

The chemical composition of HQD was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), followed by network pharmacology prediction. A colonic cell line and mouse colonic organoid inflammation model were established to observe the effects of HQD and its components on inflammatory factor expression and intestinal barrier function. The efficacy of the aqueous fraction of HQD (HQD-far-A) was further validated in a zebrafish enteritis model by assessing intestinal oxidative stress levels, neutrophil aggregation levels, and goblet cell counts.

Results

In the Caco-2 cell inflammation model, HQD and its individual components all reduced the pharmacological effects of elevated inflammatory factors. Treatment with HQD-fra-A significantly protected the intestinal epithelial barrier, including tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, and this effect was validated in a DSS-induced intestinal organoid inflammation model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HQD-fra-A reduced neutrophil aggregation and intestinal oxidative stress caused by intestinal inflammation in zebrafish, mitigated intestinal injury, and protected goblet cells to maintain the intestinal barrier.

Discussion

HQD has been validated as an effective treatment for colon inflammation by protecting the intestinal barrier. The multi-scale model for drug efficacy validation provides a solid foundation and new insights for advancing drug efficacy evaluations in future research.

黄芩汤（HQD）是《商汉论》中记载的一种中药处方，是一种由黄芩、赤芍、甘草和大藻组成的汤剂，广泛用于缓解溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和伤寒等胃肠道疾病的症状。然而，其有效成分尚不清楚。方法采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析HQD的化学成分，并进行网络药理学预测。通过建立结肠细胞系和小鼠结肠类器官炎症模型，观察HQD及其组分对炎症因子表达和肠道屏障功能的影响。通过评估肠道氧化应激水平、中性粒细胞聚集水平和杯状细胞计数，在斑马鱼肠炎模型中进一步验证了HQD水相组分（HQD-far- a）的功效。结果在Caco-2细胞炎症模型中，HQD及其各组分均可降低炎性因子升高的药理作用。hqd - fa - a治疗可显著保护肠上皮屏障，包括紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin，这种效果在dss诱导的肠道类器官炎症模型中得到了验证。体外实验表明，hqd -fra可降低斑马鱼肠道炎症引起的中性粒细胞聚集和肠道氧化应激，减轻肠道损伤，保护杯状细胞，维持肠道屏障。hqd已被证实是一种有效的治疗结肠炎症的方法，可以保护肠道屏障。该多尺度药物疗效验证模型为进一步开展药物疗效评价研究提供了坚实的基础和新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Bioactivity-guided metabolite profiling of Pistacia chinensis Bunge gall using LC–HRMS/MS LC-HRMS /MS技术在生物活性引导下分析黄连木的代谢物

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100787

Padamlal Budthapa , Dinesh Bista , Rabin Budhathoki , Hemraj Upadhyaya , Khaga Raj Sharma , Niranjan Parajuli

Introduction

Pistacia chinensis Bunge (Chinese pistache) is native to central and southern China, Nepal, and East Asia, where it grows in mountain forests and valleys under warm temperate conditions. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to treat dysentery, inflammatory disorders, psoriasis, and rheumatism. This study aims to evaluate the bioactivities of various organic extracts derived from P. chinensis Bunge galls.

Methods

We measured the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in gall extracts using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods. We also performed the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to evaluate antioxidant activity and used the agar well diffusion method to test antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract was assessed with the brine shrimp lethality assay and the MTT assay against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. Furthermore, to identify metabolites in the methanolic extract, we utilized high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS).

Results

Among various extracts, the methanolic extract of gall showed the highest TPC (198.37 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g) and TFC values (70.08 ± 0.01 mg QE/g). Additionally, the methanolic extract demonstrated greater antibacterial and antioxidant activities than other extracts. Based on these findings, the methanolic extract was chosen for cytotoxicity testing. The brine shrimp assay revealed significant toxicity, with an LC₅₀ of 122.65 ± 2.08 µg/mL. Furthermore, the methanolic extract exhibited IC₅₀ values of 10.60 ± 1.25 µg/mL and 24.56 ± 1.01 µg/mL against MCF-7 and A549 cells, respectively. Twenty-three metabolites were identified in the methanolic gall extract via mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, 2′,3,5,6′,7-pentahydroxy flavanone and 13-oxooctadeca-9,11,15-trienoic acid are reported for the first time in this species. This is also the first report on metabolite profiling and cytotoxicity properties of the gall part of P. chinensis Bunge.

Conclusion

Overall, the methanolic gall extract showed greater bioactivities compared to the other organic extracts. These findings indicate that the galls of P. chinensis Bunge could be a promising source of bioactive metabolites for drug lead development.

开心果（pistacia chinensis Bunge）原产于中国中南部、尼泊尔和东亚，生长在温暖温带条件下的山林和山谷中。在中医中，它被用来治疗痢疾、炎症性疾病、牛皮癣和风湿病。本研究的目的是评价不同有机提取物的生物活性。方法采用福林比色法和氯化铝比色法测定胆提取物中总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）。我们还进行了DPPH自由基清除实验来评估抗氧化活性，并用琼脂孔扩散法来测试抗菌活性。此外，用盐水对虾致死试验和MTT试验评估甲醇提取物对MCF-7和A549细胞系的细胞毒性。此外，为了鉴定甲醇提取物中的代谢物，我们采用了高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱（HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS）。结果以胆醇提取物TPC（198.37±0.01 mg GAE/g）和TFC（70.08±0.01 mg QE/g）最高。此外，甲醇提取物比其他提取物表现出更强的抗菌和抗氧化活性。基于这些发现，选择甲醇提取物进行细胞毒性试验。盐水对虾实验显示其毒性显著，LC50为122.65±2.08µg/mL。此外，甲醇提取物对MCF-7和A549细胞的IC50分别为10.60±1.25µg/mL和24.56±1.01µg/mL。通过质谱分析鉴定了甲醇胆提取物中的23种代谢物。据我们所知，2 ',3,5,6 '，7-五羟基黄烷酮和13- oxococadeca -9,11,15-三烯酸是首次在该物种中报道。这也是第一次报道中国紫杉树瘿部分的代谢物谱和细胞毒性。结论与其他有机提取物相比，甲醇胆提取物具有较高的生物活性。这些研究结果表明，在药物先导物的开发中，中华水蛭瘿可能是一个有前景的生物活性代谢物来源。

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