Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine最新文献_第2页

Identifying active substances of Huangqin Decoction regulating intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by mass spectrometry networking and multiscale models 通过质谱网络和多尺度模型鉴定黄芩汤调节肠上皮屏障功能障碍的活性物质

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100755

Juntao Wang , Yeting Zhou , Xutao Ge , Miao Zhu , Baiping Ma , Zheng Li , Yi Wang

Introduction

Huangqin decoction (HQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription recorded in the "Shang Han Lun", a decoction composed of huangqin, chishao, gancao and dazao, which has been widely used to relieve symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and typhoid fever. However, its active components is yet to be clarified.

Methods

The chemical composition of HQD was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), followed by network pharmacology prediction. A colonic cell line and mouse colonic organoid inflammation model were established to observe the effects of HQD and its components on inflammatory factor expression and intestinal barrier function. The efficacy of the aqueous fraction of HQD (HQD-far-A) was further validated in a zebrafish enteritis model by assessing intestinal oxidative stress levels, neutrophil aggregation levels, and goblet cell counts.

Results

In the Caco-2 cell inflammation model, HQD and its individual components all reduced the pharmacological effects of elevated inflammatory factors. Treatment with HQD-fra-A significantly protected the intestinal epithelial barrier, including tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, and this effect was validated in a DSS-induced intestinal organoid inflammation model. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HQD-fra-A reduced neutrophil aggregation and intestinal oxidative stress caused by intestinal inflammation in zebrafish, mitigated intestinal injury, and protected goblet cells to maintain the intestinal barrier.

Discussion

HQD has been validated as an effective treatment for colon inflammation by protecting the intestinal barrier. The multi-scale model for drug efficacy validation provides a solid foundation and new insights for advancing drug efficacy evaluations in future research.

黄芩汤（HQD）是《商汉论》中记载的一种中药处方，是一种由黄芩、赤芍、甘草和大藻组成的汤剂，广泛用于缓解溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和伤寒等胃肠道疾病的症状。然而，其有效成分尚不清楚。方法采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析HQD的化学成分，并进行网络药理学预测。通过建立结肠细胞系和小鼠结肠类器官炎症模型，观察HQD及其组分对炎症因子表达和肠道屏障功能的影响。通过评估肠道氧化应激水平、中性粒细胞聚集水平和杯状细胞计数，在斑马鱼肠炎模型中进一步验证了HQD水相组分（HQD-far- a）的功效。结果在Caco-2细胞炎症模型中，HQD及其各组分均可降低炎性因子升高的药理作用。hqd - fa - a治疗可显著保护肠上皮屏障，包括紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin，这种效果在dss诱导的肠道类器官炎症模型中得到了验证。体外实验表明，hqd -fra可降低斑马鱼肠道炎症引起的中性粒细胞聚集和肠道氧化应激，减轻肠道损伤，保护杯状细胞，维持肠道屏障。hqd已被证实是一种有效的治疗结肠炎症的方法，可以保护肠道屏障。该多尺度药物疗效验证模型为进一步开展药物疗效评价研究提供了坚实的基础和新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation in prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病中医辨证防治的研究进展

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100756

Zidong Zhang , Haodong Bai , Jiao Zhou , Desen Ke , Qiuhong Wang , Haixue Kuang

Introduction

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, presenting with consciousness disorders, behavioral abnormalities, and coma. Despite advances in modern medicine, effective prevention and management remain challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown promise in HE treatment through individualized syndrome differentiation and holistic therapeutic strategies.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2005 to 2025. Search terms included combinations of “hepatic encephalopathy,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “syndrome differentiation,” and “mechanism of action.” After removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, studies reporting TCM interventions, syndrome differentiation, or mechanisms of HE treatment were included.

Results

Analysis revealed that TCM syndrome differentiation for HE predominantly involves phlegm-dampness, fire-toxin, liver-kidney deficiency, and qi-yin deficiency. Core therapeutic strategies include TCM compound decoctions, Chinese herbal enemas, and acupuncture. These interventions demonstrate efficacy in improving neurological symptoms, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulating gut microbiota.

Discussion

TCM offers a holistic, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach for HE management. Syndrome differentiation provides a theoretical basis for personalized therapy, while recent mechanistic studies suggest TCM’s role in modulating the gut–liver–brain axis and neuroinflammation. Standardizing syndrome classifications and integrating multi-omics approaches may further enhance the precision and modernization of TCM-based HE therapies.

肝性脑病（HE）是一种由肝功能障碍和代谢紊乱引起的神经精神综合征，表现为意识障碍、行为异常和昏迷。尽管现代医学取得了进步，但有效的预防和管理仍然具有挑战性。中医通过个体化辨证和整体治疗策略在HE治疗中显示出前景。方法在中国知网、万方数据、PubMed、b谷歌Scholar等数据库中检索2005 ~ 2025年发表的文献。搜索词包括“肝性脑病”、“中医”、“辨证”和“作用机制”的组合。在删除重复并筛选标题、摘要和全文后，纳入了报道中医干预、辨证或HE治疗机制的研究。结果HE的中医辨证以痰湿、火毒、肝肾虚、气阴虚为主。核心治疗策略包括中药复方煎剂、中药灌肠和针灸。这些干预措施在改善神经系统症状、减少炎症和氧化应激以及调节肠道微生物群方面显示出疗效。中医为HE管理提供了一种整体的、多目标的、多途径的方法。辨证为个性化治疗提供了理论基础，而最近的机制研究表明中医在调节肠-肝-脑轴和神经炎症方面的作用。规范证候分类，整合多组学方法，可进一步提高中医治疗的精准性和现代化程度。

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引用次数: 0

Anti-proliferative activity of Delphinium denudatum wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson on U251 MG Glioblastoma Cells 白玉飞燕壁的抗增殖活性。Hook.f交货。& Thomson研究U251 MG胶质母细胞瘤细胞

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100753

Amit Man Joshi , Sagar Atri , Ram Adhar Yadav , Santosh Kumar Thakur , Mithilesh Sah , Sirjana Shrestha , Aftab Alam Shah , Mukesh Kumar Yadav

Background

Delphinium denudatum Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson (D. denudatum), a perennial herb from the Ranunculaceae family, contains diterpenoid alkaloids with reported bioactivities. While certain Delphinium species are utilized in Chinese folk medicine for analgesic effects, specific documentation for D. denudatum in traditional Chinese medicine is limited. This study evaluates the anti-proliferative effects of its methanolic root extract (DDE) on the U251 MG glioblastoma cell line.

Materials and methods

U251 MG cells were treated with various concentrations of DDE and assessed for viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Fluorouracil (50 µg/mL) served as the positive control. The percentage of inhibition and IC₅₀ values were calculated from dose–response curves to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the extract.

Results

DDE demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of U251 MG cell proliferation, peaking at ∼60% inhibition at 50 µg/mL, with an IC₅₀ of 43.75 µg/mL. Higher concentrations exhibited reduced inhibition, suggesting a biphasic response. These findings indicate selective cytotoxicity and therapeutic promise of DDE in targeting glioblastoma cells.

Discussion

These findings provide preliminary evidence of DDE's cytotoxic potential against glioblastoma cells, supporting further exploration of its bioactive constituents, such as diterpenoid alkaloids, for anti-cancer applications.

背景珠光飞燕墙。Hook.f交货。汤姆逊（D. denudatum）是毛茛科的多年生草本植物，含有具有生物活性的二萜生物碱。虽然某些种类的飞燕草在中医中用于镇痛作用，但在中医中具体的文献是有限的。本研究评价了其甲醇根提取物（DDE）对U251 MG胶质母细胞瘤细胞系的抗增殖作用。材料和方法用不同浓度的DDE处理su251 MG细胞，使用细胞计数试剂盒-8 （CCK-8）法评估细胞活力。氟尿嘧啶50µg/mL作为阳性对照。从剂量响应曲线计算抑制百分比和IC₅0值，以评估提取物的细胞毒性潜力。结果dde显示出对U251 MG细胞增殖的剂量依赖性抑制，在50µg/mL时达到抑制约60%的峰值，IC₅0为43.75µg/mL。浓度越高，抑制作用越弱，提示双相反应。这些发现表明DDE靶向胶质母细胞瘤细胞的选择性细胞毒性和治疗前景。这些发现为DDE对胶质母细胞瘤细胞的细胞毒性潜力提供了初步证据，支持进一步探索其生物活性成分，如二萜生物碱，用于抗癌应用。

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引用次数: 0

Phyllanthus amarus as a multifunctional medicinal herb: Bioactive compounds, mechanisms, and clinical perspectives 余甘菊作为一种多功能中药：生物活性化合物、作用机制及临床前景

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100752

Md Asaduzzaman , Lutfun Nahar , Mohammad Shahangir Biswas , Munna Kumar Podder , Md Matiar Rahman

Introduction

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., commonly known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM as Yexiazhu (叶下珠, Yè xià zhū), is a widely used medicinal herb in Asian, African, and South American traditional systems. In TCM practice, Yexiazhu is traditionally prescribed for heat-clearing and detoxification, particularly in the management of liver-and kidney-related disorders, viral infections, and inflammatory conditions. Its rich phytochemical composition, including lignans, flavonoids, and tannins, has prompted increasing scientific interest in validating its traditional therapeutic applications.

Materials and methods

This review critically evaluates literature published between 1977 and 2025, encompassing classical TCM texts, ethnomedicinal reports, and peer-reviewed experimental studies. Major scientific databases were surveyed to collect data on phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, molecular mechanisms, toxicological profiles, and available clinical evidence related to P. amarus and Yexiazhu-based preparations.

Results

Pharmacological studies indicate that P. amarus exhibits hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective activities. These effects are primarily attributed to bioactive compounds such as phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, geraniin, corilagin, and quercetin. Commonly used TCM preparations, including aqueous decoctions and granule formulations of Yexiazhu, demonstrate therapeutic potential through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling pathways, viral replication, and metabolic regulation. Despite strong experimental support from in vitro and in vivo models, clinical findings remain limited, heterogeneous, and occasionally inconsistent, particularly for hepatitis B and metabolic disorders.

Discussion

Collectively, P. amarus (Yexiazhu) represents a multifunctional medicinal herb with substantial experimental evidence supporting its traditional use in TCM and other medical systems. However, challenges related to species differentiation, phytochemical standardization, formulation variability, and limited high-quality clinical trials restrict its translation into modern evidence-based medicine. Future research should focus on standardized Chinese preparations, mechanistic validation, and rigorously designed clinical studies to clarify its therapeutic efficacy and safety.

phyllanthus amarus Schumach。, Thonn。通常在中医中被称为叶仙竹，是一种在亚洲、非洲和南美传统系统中广泛使用的草药。在中医实践中，叶泻珠传统上用于清热解毒，特别是在治疗肝肾相关疾病、病毒感染和炎症方面。其丰富的植物化学成分，包括木脂素、类黄酮和单宁，已经引起了越来越多的科学兴趣，以验证其传统的治疗应用。材料和方法本综述对1977年至2025年间发表的文献进行了批判性评价，包括经典中医文献、民族医学报告和同行评议的实验研究。通过对主要科学数据库的调查，收集了与野泻草制剂相关的植物化学成分、药理活性、分子机制、毒理学特征和现有临床证据。结果药理学研究表明，毛茛具有保护肝脏、抗糖尿病、抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎和肾保护作用。这些作用主要归因于生物活性化合物，如叶黄素、茶黄素、天竺葵素、胶原蛋白和槲皮素。常用的中药制剂，包括叶泻珠水煎剂和颗粒制剂，通过调节氧化应激、炎症信号通路、病毒复制和代谢调节，显示出治疗潜力。尽管体外和体内模型强有力的实验支持，临床发现仍然有限，异质性，有时不一致，特别是对于乙型肝炎和代谢紊乱。总的来说，野夏竹代表了一种多功能草药，有大量的实验证据支持其在中医和其他医疗系统中的传统用途。然而，与物种分化、植物化学标准化、配方可变性和有限的高质量临床试验相关的挑战限制了其向现代循证医学的转化。未来的研究应侧重于标准化中药制剂、机制验证和严格设计的临床研究，以阐明其疗效和安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Echinacea-derived alkylamides as complementary immunomodulators: Potential for integration with synthetic immunosuppressive therapies 紫锥菊衍生的烷基酰胺作为互补免疫调节剂：与合成免疫抑制疗法整合的潜力

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100754

Fatemeh Ahmadi , Ha Truong Nguyen , Zahra Ahmadi

Introduction

The escalating incidence of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders has intensified reliance on synthetic immunosuppressants, yet long-term safety issues and incomplete therapeutic responses persist. Concurrently, echinacea (紫锥菊, Zǐ Zhuī Jú) extracts rich in alkylamides show promising complementary immunoregulatory activity via cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB₂) engagement and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulation. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, echinacea is classified as a medicinal herb with a wide applications in treating wind-heat common cold, fever, cough, and sore throat.

Methods

This review integrates current pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evidence on (i) corticosteroids, DMARDs, biologics, and JAK inhibitors, and (ii) echinacea-derived alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives, to identify synergistic mechanisms relevant to integrative immunomodulation. We synthesised data from peer-reviewed articles retrieved through Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Emphasis was placed on receptor-binding assays, in vivo efficacy models, and Phase I–III clinical trials.

Results

Synthetic agents chiefly exert single-target or pathway-restricted actions, e.g., glucocorticoid receptor transactivation, JAK–STAT blockade, yielding rapid symptom control but cumulative adverse events. By contrast, echinacea alkylamides demonstrate multi-target behaviour: nanomolar-affinity CB₂ activation dampens TNF-α and IL-6, whereas partial TLR4 antagonism re-balances Th1/Th2 cytokine bias, potentially complementing conventional immunosuppression. Integrating phytotherapeutics with conventional immunosuppressants may optimize efficacy–safety ratios through dose-sparing effects and enhanced therapeutic windows. However, heterogeneity in echinacea chemotypes demands rigorous standardization and head-to-head clinical trials evaluating combination therapies.

Discussion

The orthogonal engagement of CB₂ and TLR4 pathways by alkylamides complements the single-target mechanisms of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and JAK inhibitors, enabling additive anti-inflammatory effects and potential dose-sparing strategies. This review positions echinacea as a rational adjuvant platform for next-generation complementary immunomodulation strategies within the framework of Traditional Chinese Medicine, supporting the development of personalized integrative approaches to immune disorders. Future research should exploit systems-biology-guided formulation to harness additive CB₂–TLR4 crosstalk in integrative treatment protocols.

自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的发病率不断上升，对合成免疫抑制剂的依赖日益增强，但长期的安全性问题和不完全的治疗反应仍然存在。同时，富含烷基酰胺的紫锥菊提取物通过参与大麻素受体2 （CB₂）和toll样受体4 （TLR4）的调节，显示出有希望的互补免疫调节活性。在中医中，紫锥菊被归类为一种广泛应用于治疗风热性感冒、发烧、咳嗽和喉咙痛的草药。方法本综述整合了目前关于(i)皮质类固醇、DMARDs、生物制剂和JAK抑制剂的药效学和药代动力学证据，以及（ii）紫锥菊衍生的烷基酰胺和咖啡酸衍生物，以确定与综合免疫调节相关的协同机制。我们综合了通过Web of Science、PubMed和Scopus检索的同行评议文章的数据。重点放在受体结合试验、体内疗效模型和I-III期临床试验上。结果合成药物主要发挥单靶点或通路限制作用，如糖皮质激素受体转激活、JAK-STAT阻断等，可迅速控制症状，但不良事件累积。相比而言，紫锥花烷基酰胺表现出多靶点行为：纳米分子亲和的CB 2激活抑制TNF-α和IL-6，而部分TLR4拮抗重新平衡Th1/Th2细胞因子的偏性，潜在地补充了传统的免疫抑制。将植物疗法与传统免疫抑制剂相结合，可以通过剂量节约效应和增加治疗窗口来优化药效安全比。然而，紫锥菊化学型的异质性需要严格的标准化和头对头临床试验来评估联合治疗。烷基酰胺对CB₂和TLR4通路的正交作用补充了皮质类固醇、钙调磷酸酶抑制剂和JAK抑制剂的单靶点机制，实现了加性抗炎作用和潜在的剂量节约策略。本综述将紫锥菊定位为中医框架下下一代互补免疫调节策略的合理辅助平台，支持个性化免疫疾病综合治疗方法的发展。未来的研究应利用系统生物学指导配方，在综合治疗方案中利用添加剂CB₂-TLR4串扰。

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引用次数: 0

Can Arthrospira (Spirulina) sp. be used to protect the kidneys and prevent hypertension? a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies 节肢螺旋藻可以保护肾脏和预防高血压吗？临床前研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100751

Gabrielly Hilário da Silva , Sabrina Swan Souza da Silva , Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto , Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra

Introduction

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), natural products such as Spirulina have been valued for centuries for their ability to regulate blood pressure and support organ function, including renal health. Arthrospira (Spirulina) sp., a blue-green cyanobacterium recognized by the United Nations as a "superfood of the future," is rich in phycocyanin, a pigment with emerging nephroprotective potential. This review evaluates the effects of Spirulina or phycocyanin, alone or in combination with other bioactives, on biomarkers of kidney function.

Methods

Systematic searches of databases like MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and CENTRAL between 2011 and 2024 are used to identify relevant studies for systematic reviews. The random-effect and inverse variance models were applied to verify data and perform meta-analysis. RoB tool for intervention studies (SYRCLE's RoB tool) and Cochrane Collaboration were used to assess quality and risk of bias.

Results

A total of 267 studies were identified, and after screening, 10 were selected for analysis. Despite high heterogeneity across studies, the overall effects were statistically significant. Risk of bias was low across all domains, indicating reliable and robust findings.

Discussion

The meta-analysis revealed that Arthrospira (Spirulina) and C-phycocyanin supplementation significantly improved biomarkers of kidney function, reducing serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and urinary protein levels, as well as lowering systolic blood pressure in preclinical models. Despite consistent trends toward renoprotection and antihypertensive effects, high heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for further research to define optimal doses, treatment durations, and experimental conditions.

在传统中医（TCM）中，螺旋藻等天然产品因其调节血压和支持器官功能（包括肾脏健康）的能力而被重视了几个世纪。Arthrospira（螺旋藻）sp.是一种蓝绿色的蓝藻，被联合国认定为“未来的超级食物”，富含藻蓝蛋白，这是一种具有新兴肾保护潜力的色素。本综述评估了螺旋藻或藻蓝蛋白单独或与其他生物活性物质联合使用对肾脏功能生物标志物的影响。方法系统检索2011 - 2024年间的MEDLINE、Web of Science、LILACS、ScienceDirect、CENTRAL等数据库，筛选相关研究进行系统评价。采用随机效应和逆方差模型验证数据并进行meta分析。干预研究的RoB工具（sycle的RoB工具）和Cochrane协作用于评估质量和偏倚风险。结果共纳入研究267篇，经筛选筛选出10篇进行分析。尽管各研究的异质性很高，但总体效果在统计学上是显著的。所有领域的偏倚风险都很低，表明研究结果可靠而有力。荟萃分析显示，在临床前模型中，补充节螺旋藻和c -藻蓝蛋白可显著改善肾功能生物标志物，降低血清肌酐、尿素、尿酸和尿蛋白水平，并降低收缩压。尽管在肾保护和降压作用方面有一致的趋势，但研究之间的高度异质性表明需要进一步研究来确定最佳剂量、治疗持续时间和实验条件。

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引用次数: 0

Regulatory effect of Pien Tze Huang on the mTreg/mTh17 balance in mice with autoimmune hepatitis 片仔癀对自身免疫性肝炎小鼠mTreg/mTh17平衡的调节作用

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100750

Linxin Zheng , Bugao Zhou , Miaohua Liu , Yi Xiong , Xin Zeng , Kaien Guo , Duanyong Liu

Objective

To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Pien Tze Huang (PTH) in a murine autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) model through assessment of memory regulatory T cells (mTreg)/memory T helper cell 17 (mTh17) cell equilibrium and glycolytic metabolism.

Methods

AIH was induced through intravenous concanavalin A (ConA) administration via tail vein injection with prophylactic PTH treatment over 10 days. Hepatic histopathological alterations were evaluated using H&E staining, while serum transaminase levels were quantified through biochemical analysis. ELISA was employed to determine immunoglobulin concentrations and hepatic tissue levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 21 (IL-21), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), glycolysis hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), aldolase A (ALDOA), glucokinase (GCK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Flow cytometric analysis was performed to quantify Treg, mTreg, Th17, and mTh17 cell populations. Protein expression of glucose transporter protein 1 (Glut1), glucose transporter protein 2 (Glut2), glucose transporter protein 3 (Glut3), glucose transporter protein 4 (Glut4), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit (HIF-1α), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), T-cell transcription factor (T-bet), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt) was analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

Relative to the model group, PTH administration significantly ameliorated hepatocellular injury, as evidenced by reduced serum ALT and AST levels, decreased immunoglobulin concentrations, and attenuated hepatic pathological damage (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Furthermore, PTH treatment resulted in significant suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression in murine hepatic tissue (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). PTH treatment increased the proportions of Treg and mTreg cells while reducing Th17 and mTh17 cell populations (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Mechanistic investigations revealed that PTH significantly downregulated the expression of critical glycolytic enzymes and glycolysis-associated proteins in hepatic tissue of AIH model mice (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).

Conclusions

PTH effectively attenuates ConA-induced AIH by modulating the balance of memory Treg/Th17 cells and glycolytic pathways.

目的通过对记忆调节性T细胞(mTreg)/记忆辅助性T细胞17 （mTh17）细胞平衡及糖酵解代谢的影响，探讨片仔黄（PTH）对小鼠自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）模型的治疗作用及机制。方法在预防PTH治疗10 d后，经尾静脉注射ConA诱导saih。采用H&；E染色评估肝脏组织病理学改变，同时通过生化分析量化血清转氨酶水平。ELISA法测定免疫球蛋白浓度及肝组织中白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素6 （IL-6）、白细胞介素21 （IL-21）、白细胞介素10 （IL-10）、白细胞介素4 （IL-4）、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、干扰素γ (IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）、免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）、糖酵解己糖激酶2 （HK2）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶（G6pase）、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）、醛缩酶A （ALDOA）、葡萄糖激酶（GCK），乳酸脱氢酶（LDHA）。流式细胞分析定量Treg、mTreg、Th17和mTh17细胞群。Western blotting分析葡萄糖转运蛋白1 （Glut1）、葡萄糖转运蛋白2 （Glut2）、葡萄糖转运蛋白3 （Glut3）、葡萄糖转运蛋白4 （Glut4）、缺氧诱导因子1α亚基（HIF-1α）、转录信号转导和激活因子3 （STAT3）、磷酸化信号转导和激活因子3 （p-STAT3）、t细胞转录因子（T-bet）、视黄酸受体相关孤儿受体γ (rorγ γt)的蛋白表达。结果与模型组相比，PTH可显著改善肝细胞损伤，降低血清ALT和AST水平，降低免疫球蛋白浓度，减轻肝脏病理损伤（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。此外，PTH治疗显著抑制小鼠肝组织中促炎细胞因子的表达（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。PTH处理增加Treg和mTreg细胞比例，减少Th17和mTh17细胞数量（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。机制研究显示PTH显著下调AIH模型小鼠肝组织中关键糖酵解酶和糖酵解相关蛋白的表达（p <； 0.05或p <； 0.01）。结论spth通过调节记忆Treg/Th17细胞和糖酵解通路的平衡，有效减弱cona诱导的AIH。

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引用次数: 0

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Morus species: Part-specific insights from traditional Chinese medicine 桑属植物的抗炎和抗氧化机制：部分来自中医的见解

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100749

Akash Bhati, Hemanth Kumar Boyina, Navneet Sharma

Introduction

Various parts of the Morus species have long been used in TCM, which are increasingly known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review systematically explores the phytochemical composition and therapeutic relevance of Morus species within the TCM framework.

Methods

A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted across ScienceDirect.PubMed and Google Scholar, concentrating more on peer-reviewed English-language articles, clinical trials, and reviews published up to 2025.

Results

Out of the initial 297 sources identified, 165 were selected for relevance to Morus and its bioactive constituents. More emphasis has been placed on those studies providing part-specific information on leaves, bark, stems, fruits, twigs, and roots, which are commonly used in traditional formulations. The review maps the distribution of phytochemicals across these botanical parts and highlights their pharmacological actions with special attention to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Key compounds discussed in relation to modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and possible clinical applications include flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols.

Discussion

The current synthesis provides a comprehensive phytochemical profile of Morus species and emphasizes their therapeutic potential in the management of chronic inflammatory-degenerative disorders. Despite this promise, the effects await further confirmation by targeted pharmacological studies and well-designed clinical trials. Elucidation of the role of bioactive compounds from Morus species might help to include such compounds in evidence-based complementary medicine and drug development strategies.

桑树的不同部分长期以来一直被用于中医，其抗氧化和抗炎特性越来越为人所知。本文系统地探讨了桑科植物的化学成分及其在中医框架下的治疗意义。方法在ScienceDirect上进行综合文献分析。PubMed和谷歌Scholar，更多地关注同行评议的英语文章、临床试验和截至2025年发表的评论。结果在最初鉴定的297种来源中，筛选出165种与桑属植物及其生物活性成分相关的来源。更多的重点放在那些研究中，这些研究提供了叶子、树皮、茎、果实、树枝和根的特定部位的信息，这些通常用于传统配方。本文综述了植物化学物质在这些植物部位的分布，并强调了它们的药理作用，特别关注抗炎和抗氧化机制。讨论了与氧化应激调节、炎症途径和可能的临床应用相关的关键化合物包括黄酮类化合物、生物碱和多酚。目前的合成提供了桑葚种的全面植物化学概况，并强调了它们在慢性炎症退行性疾病治疗中的治疗潜力。尽管有这样的希望，效果还需要进一步的药理学研究和精心设计的临床试验来证实。阐明桑属植物中生物活性化合物的作用可能有助于将这些化合物纳入循证补充医学和药物开发战略。

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引用次数: 0

The hepatoprotective activity and chemical constituents of Helicteres hirsuta water extract 毛缕草水提取物的保肝活性及其化学成分

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100747

Thi Hong Tuoi Do , Van Ho Nam Phan , Thi Kim Anh Le , Phuong Ngoc Anh Le , Le Dan Thao Ha , Phan Thao Trang Nguyen , Truong Hoan Trong Nguyen , Thi Thu Hien Vo , Huong-Giang Le , Thi Van Anh Tran

Introduction

Many species belonging to the genus Helicteres are used in the traditional medicine of Asian countries. Helicteres hirsuta (雁婆麻) is widely distributed and cultivated in China but not used for medicinal purposes. However, the decoction of H. hirsuta has long been employed in Vietnamese folk medicine for managing hepatic disorders. The systematic pharmacological validation and phytochemical characterization of this plant remain inadequate. This study sought to elucidate the chemical constituents of the H. hirsuta water extract (HWE) and to assess its hepatoprotective efficacy through in vitro and in vivo models. The findings are expected to not only provide scientific evidence for its traditional use in Vietnam but also highlight the potential of H. hirsuta as a new, untapped therapeutic resource for Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Methods

HWE was fractionated by column chromatography, and isolated constituents were identified using spectroscopic techniques. Hepatoprotective activity was examined against paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, while antioxidant capacity with DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays were assessed. Main bioactive constituents identified by UPLC–MS were quantified in HWE which was further investigated in vivo. Hepatoprotective effects of HWE (412.5 and 825 mg/kg) were evaluated in mice with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity (400 mg/kg). Serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin), oxidative stress parameters (GSH, MDA), and histopathology were analyzed, using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as positive control.

Results

HWE exhibited pronounced hepatoprotective activity in vitro (EC₅₀ = 20.12 ± 0.15 µg/mL) with strong antioxidant potential (DPPH, IC₅₀ = 33.91 ± 0.48 µg/mL; MDA, IC₅₀ = 165.07 ± 8.60 µg/mL). Nine compounds were identified, including danshensu (>2 % w/w) as predominant constituent, rosmarinic acid, tiliroside, isoacteoside, forsythoside B, and four flavonoid glucuronides. In vivo, HWE significantly ameliorated biochemical and oxidative stress markers, with greater efficacy at 825 mg/kg.

Conclusion

HWE, particularly at 825 mg/kg, demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity, attributable to polyphenolic constituents, notably danshensu. These findings scientifically substantiate traditional use and provide a foundation for therapeutic development.

亚洲国家的传统医药中使用了许多属于螺旋属的物种。毛毛螺杆菌（Helicteres hirsuta）在中国广泛分布和种植，但不用于药用。然而，毛缕草的汤剂长期以来一直被用于越南民间医学治疗肝病。该植物的系统药理验证和植物化学特性仍然不足。本研究旨在通过体外和体内模型，阐明毛螺水提取物（HWE）的化学成分，并评估其肝保护作用。这一发现不仅为其在越南的传统用途提供了科学证据，而且还突出了毛螺旋体作为一种新的、尚未开发的中药治疗资源的潜力。方法采用柱层析法对其进行分离，采用波谱技术对分离成分进行鉴定。研究了对乙酰氨基酚诱导的HepG2细胞毒性的肝保护活性，同时评估了DPPH自由基清除和脂质过氧化的抗氧化能力。通过UPLC-MS对HWE中的主要生物活性成分进行了定量分析，并在体内进行了进一步的研究。对扑热息痛致小鼠肝毒性（400 mg/kg），评价了HWE（412.5和825 mg/kg）对肝脏的保护作用。以水飞蓟素（100 mg/kg）为阳性对照，分析血清生物标志物（ALT、AST、ALP、胆红素）、氧化应激参数（GSH、MDA）和组织病理学。结果shwe在体外表现出明显的保肝活性（EC₅₀= 20.12±0.15µg/mL），具有很强的抗氧化潜力（DPPH, IC₅₀= 33.91±0.48µg/mL； MDA, IC₅₀= 165.07±8.60µg/mL）。共鉴定出9个化合物，主要成分为丹参素（% w/w）、迷迭香酸、铁力苷、异毛蕊苷、连翘苷B和4种类黄酮葡萄糖醛酸酯。在体内，HWE显著改善生化和氧化应激指标，在825 mg/kg时效果更显著。结论hwe在825 mg/kg时表现出明显的肝保护作用，这主要是由于其多酚类成分，尤其是丹参素。这些发现科学地证实了传统的使用，并为治疗发展提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of stroke: A review 补阳还五汤治疗脑卒中的研究进展

Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100748

Jinzhe Luo, Weibo Shao, Xiaojie Xue

<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula created by Wang Qingren during the Qing dynasty. It is renowned for its effects of <em>Tonify qi,</em><span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> <em>Circulate blood, and Unblock meridians</em><span><span><sup>2</sup></span></span> and is widely used in the treatment of stroke, for conditions such as hemiplegia and facial paralysis. The formula comprises seven herbs (see Table 2 for the complete list), including <em>Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Paeonia lactiflora Pall.</em> This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the research progress on BHD for stroke treatment from 2019 to December 2025, covering both clinical efficacy and the multidimensional mechanisms of action. The review seeks to address the shortcomings of previous reviews regarding the comprehensive of mechanisms and their timeliness, while providing references for the modernisation of TCM.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In order to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BHD on stroke comprehensively, we retrieved relevant literature published between 2019 and December 2025 from Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of Science. Search keywords included “Buyang Huanwu Decoction”, “stroke”, “mechanism”, “neuroinflammation”, “gut-brain axis” and the herbs that make up the decoction. This review was compiled by synthesising findings from animal experiments and clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Preliminary, low-certainty evidence from the 19 included RCTs suggests that BHD, when combined with Western medicine or acupuncture, may be associated with potential improvements in certain clinical outcomes such as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index(BL) scores; however, these findings are derived from studies with methodological limitations and require validation in more robust trials. Its mechanism of action is complex, characterized by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway effects. More specifically, this formula regulates cerebral blood circulation, protects neurons, promotes regeneration and stabilises the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It also modulates the gut-brain axis.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This review summarises the available evidence on the efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of BHD at different stages of stroke. While the findings may inform targeted clinical applications, further validation is required. However, current research is largely confined to animal or cellular experiments and lacks direct evidence from human studies. There are ongoing challenges in clinical practice, including dosage optimisation and herb-drug interactions. Future studies may overcome these limitations by leveraging systems biology and metabolomics, and through deeper exploration of gut-brain axis mechanisms. Concurrently, the d

补阳还五汤（BHD）是清朝王庆仁发明的传统中药配方。它以其补气、活血、通络的功效而闻名，被广泛用于治疗中风、偏瘫和面瘫等病症。该配方由七种草药组成（完整列表见表2），其中包括黄芪（黄芪属）。邦吉，当归（橄榄）丹参与芍药。本文旨在对2019年至2025年12月BHD治疗脑卒中的研究进展进行系统综述，包括临床疗效和多维作用机制。本综述旨在弥补以往综述在机制综合性和及时性方面的不足，同时为中医药现代化提供参考。方法为了全面评价BHD对脑卒中的治疗效果，我们从CNKI、万方数据库、PubMed、Web of Science等中英文数据库中检索2019年至2025年12月发表的相关文献。搜索关键词包括“补阳还五汤”、“中风”、“机制”、“神经炎症”、“肠脑轴”以及组成该汤的草药。这篇综述是通过综合动物实验和临床研究的结果编写的。结果19项纳入的随机对照试验的初步、低确定性证据表明，BHD与西药或针灸联合治疗可能与某些临床结果的潜在改善有关，如美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）和Barthel指数（BL）评分；然而，这些发现来自有方法学局限性的研究，需要在更可靠的试验中进行验证。其作用机制复杂，具有多组分、多靶点、多途径作用的特点。更具体地说，这个配方调节脑血循环，保护神经元，促进再生和稳定血脑屏障（BBB）。它还调节肠脑轴。本文综述了BHD在脑卒中不同阶段的疗效和药理机制的现有证据。虽然这些发现可能为有针对性的临床应用提供信息，但还需要进一步的验证。然而，目前的研究主要局限于动物或细胞实验，缺乏来自人体研究的直接证据。在临床实践中存在持续的挑战，包括剂量优化和草药-药物相互作用。未来的研究可能会通过利用系统生物学和代谢组学，以及通过对肠-脑轴机制的更深入探索来克服这些局限性。同时，新配方的开发，如纳米载体，有望提高生物利用度和疗效，从而最大限度地发挥其治疗潜力

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引用次数: 0