Plant Nano Biology最新文献

This research developed a novel chitosan nanoemulsion infused with Cymbopogon khasianus essential oil (CKEO-ChNe) and characterized through Dynamic light scattering, Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry analyses followed by its efficacy testing against fungi and aflatoxin B₁ contamination in Syzygium cumini seeds. The CKEO-ChNe inhibited Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) production at 0.32 and 0.28 µL/mL with enhanced antioxidant activity and controlled delivery strategies. The inhibition of methylglyoxal and ergosterol biosynthesis, leakage of ions and molecular interaction of geraniol with Ver-1 (Versicolorin A dehydrogenase) and Omt-A (O-methyl transferase) proteins suggested the antifungal and anti-AFB₁ mechanism of action. Further, the in situ protection of Syzygium cumini seeds against fungi, AFB₁ contamination and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) without altering the sensory characteristics, and favorable safety profile in mammalian model recommend the potentiality of encapsulated CKEO nanoemulsion as smart nano-fungitoxic preservative in agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.

The phytotoxicity of fluoride and its build-up in agricultural plants and subsequently the entry into the food chain is a serious threat to human health. The present study highlighted the green synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) and characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Further, synthesized CaO NPs (0, 10, and 50 mg/L) were applied on fluoride-stressed (10 mg/L) rice seedlings to check its possible ameliorative effects towards growth and fluoride accumulation in different parts of rice seedlings. Characterization revealed that nanoparticles were crystalline (46.72 %) and spherical in shape, with an average diameter of 20–25 nm. Results of the seedling growth analysis revealed that CaO NPs inhibited the translocation of fluoride in rice plants, which in turn decreased the phytotoxicity caused by fluoride, including lipid peroxidation and chlorosis, and enhanced the overall growth of seedlings. The co-exposure of CaO NPs with fluoride also showed a reduction in the fluoride-induced oxidative stress, as demonstrated by lower MDA, O₂^•- contents, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and POD) as compared to fluoride treatment alone. The application of CaO NPs also restored potassium content in seedlings grown under fluoride stress. Furthermore, the highest reduction of fluoride accumulation by 65 and 76 % in roots and shoots was recorded at 50 mg/L of CaO NPs treatment, respectively. Therefore, the present study clearly indicated the ameliorative potential of CaO NPs towards fluoride stress in rice. However, a field study is needed to establish the social acceptance of this valuable nanofertilizer in fluoride-contaminated areas.

In the present study, synthesis of silver nanobactericides was achieved from Curcuma longa L. and its endosymbiont for their antimicrobial activity. The nanobactericides exhibited notable antimicrobial potential against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as determined through broth dilution and minimum inhibitory concentration which ranged between 2.5 and 5 mg/mL. Characterization of nanobactericides revealed polydispersity with average size of 80 nm and crystalline nature showed distinct peaks. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed presence of exhibited peaks at 3362.24 cm⁻¹ (hydroxyl group), 1637.96 cm⁻¹ (carbonyl group), 1377.25 cm⁻¹ (alkane group), and 635.25 cm⁻¹ (alkyl group) which participated in the synthesis of nanobactericides. Endosymbiont crude extracts subjected to partial purification through thin-layer chromatography, and bioautography-guided fractionation identified an active compound at R_f 0.7 which showed clear zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration of metabolite fraction was found to be 0.625 mg/mL against both the test pathogens. The dye degradation potential of nanobactericides was successful 81.27 % of degradation was achieved with safranin treated with silver nanobactericides from endosymbiont. Subsequently, nanobactericides synthesized from plants showed 59.88 % highest degradation with methylene blue. The profiling of metabolite was carried out with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify as a novel metabolite, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, decyl octyl ester, showing antimicrobial potential against tested pathogens. The identified metabolite molecular formula was found to be C₂₆H₄₂O₄ with molecular weight of 418. These promising results, especially for the scarcely reported compound, contribute to the understanding of plant-endosymbiont-synthesized nanobactericides with significant antimicrobial properties. The molecular analysis revealed the endosymbiont's affinity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and its sequence has been deposited in GenBank (Accession number OR984817). The study concludes with importance of nanobactericides from plant-endosymbiont consortium, highlighting their antimicrobial efficacy against human and phytopathogens.

Inonotus rickii, a mushroom fungus classified as a Hyamenochetae, is commonly observed in the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, India. The metabolites extracted from this mushroom exhibit various biological activities. On the other side, currently chitosan nanoparticles emerging as an effective nanocarrier for targeted treatments. Therefore in the present study nanoparticles from biopolymer chitosan loaded with I. rickii metabolites of different solvent extract were synthesized and their antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential were evaluated. The synthesized NPs were spherical in shape, and the average size for pure chitosan nanoparticles (CHI-NPs) was 58.02 nm, I. rickii aqueous CHI-NPs (U2-Aq-CHI-NPs) 62.70 nm, I. rickii acetone CHI-NPs (U2-Ac-CHI-NPs) 17.11 nm, and I. rickii ethanol CHI-NPs (U2-Et-CHI-NPs) 27.05 nm. These I. rickii metabolite-loaded CHI-NPs exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. The U2-Ac-CHI-NPs showed significant antibacterial actions against four bacterial strains such as E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Chryseobacterium spp. It also showed significantly higher antioxidant activity (95.8±1.6 %). Moreover, a significant decrease in the cell viability of the HeLa cell line was noticed with a subsequent increase (1–1000 µg/mL) in the concentration of metabolite-loaded CHI-NPs. A U2-Aq-CHI-NPs lower concentration is also significant to decrease cell viability. The LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of different bioactive compounds like Hispolon, Inoscavins, Methyl inoscavins, and Phelligridins in all tested extracts of I. rickii supports the bioactivities. Therefore, the synergistic effect of I. rickii-derived metabolite-loaded CHI-NPs suggested a significant perspective for the targeted drug delivery-based treatment with diminished side effects.

The rapid increase in world population has necessitated a rise in the agricultural production to fulfill the global food demand. Due to the substantial population growth, agricultural land is steadily diminishing with each passing day. Nanotechnology has shown promising results in the development of sustainable farming techniques. Few nanomaterials have demonstrated remarkable properties to serve as stress tolerance enhancers and growth stimulants for plants. The roles of the nanoparticles depend on their physiochemical properties, biological toxicities, concentrations, and type of formulations such as nanogels, nanoemulsion, nanoencapsulation, and nanosuspensions. Smart delivery of these nanoparticles enhances plant growth by promoting germination of seeds, root and shoot growth, and an overall increase in biomass. Several nanoparticles have shown their capability to combat the diverse biotic stresses that plants encounter during their lifetime. These nanoparticles are toxic to pathogens and weeds by modifying their gene expression, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupting various metabolic processes. Different research endeavors have contributed to the development of customized nanoparticles that cater to the specific requirements of agriculture, leading to the adoption of sustainable agricultural methods. In this review, we have explored various categories of nanoparticles along with their distinctive characteristics. We have also discussed the techniques employed for applying these nanoparticles to plants and their subsequent effects on plant growth and different biotic stresses along with an application of nanoparticles for the detection of various plant diseases.

Nano-enabled agriculture involves researching smart nano-agrochemicals for sustainable farming. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP), a phosphorus-rich compound, has the potential to be used as a fertilizer with reduced environmental impact. This study tests the effectiveness of nHAP produced from waste materials (animal bones) on barley plants (Hordeum vulgare). Two different nHAPs were prepared by thermal treatment of chicken bones at 300 °C and 700 °C (nHAP₃₀₀ and nHAP₇₀₀, respectively). The nanopowders were then tested in a seed toxicity trial and in a greenhouse pot experiment with barley, using Pseudomonas alloputida, a P-solubilizing bacterium (PSB). The treatments were unfertilized soil, conventional triple superphosphate (TSP), and the nHAP treatments alone. The results indicated that: (i) the nHAP materials had particle sizes of 1 micrometer (nHAP₃₀₀, due to aggregation) and 50–70 nm (nHAP₇₀₀), with P contents of 12.8 % and 19.6 %, respectively; (ii) no toxicity was observed on barley seeds, and nHAP₃₀₀ at maximum dose stimulated root length by 45.6 % compared to the control; (iii) compared to conventional P fertilizer TSP, nHAP₃₀₀ and nHAP₇₀₀ stimulated root growth by 7 % and 18 %, respectively; (iv) the fraction of available P produced through nHAP₃₀₀-PSB (40.6 mg kg⁻¹) was higher than that from TSP (39.2 mg kg⁻¹); (v) ions associated with the nHAP structure supplied supplementary nutrients, predominantly allocated in root tissues. This study provides valuable insights for future investigations to assess the implications of P nano-fertilizations in achieving sustainability in agriculture.

In the current scenario, where demand for food production is constantly increasing with the rise in population, the threat of plant pathogens has also increased. The destruction of crops due to diseases caused by plant pathogens has become difficult to control with conventional physical and chemical methods. Traditional agriculture often depends on use of chemical pesticides, which have had negative impacts on both living organisms and ecosystems. As a fundamental principle of sustainable agriculture, it is important to limit the use of chemical pesticides in order to safeguard the environment and preserve diverse species. Additionally, sustainable agriculture should operate as a low input system, characterised by reduced production costs and increased net returns. Here, nanotechnology stands as a new weapon against rising challenges in agriculture. Nanotechnology may greatly improve the effectiveness of agricultural inputs, making it a valuable tool for promoting sustainable growth in agroecosystems via the use of nanoparticles. Using magnetic nanoparticles for controlling plant pathogenic fungi can be developed as a potent method for disease management in plants. In the present study, the effect of plant (Carica papaya) -based Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized and studied against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, a chickpea pathogen. The antifungal effect of these nanoparticles and their minimum inhibitory concentration were studied using a soft agar assay and broth assay. Plant-synthesized nanoparticles were able to inhibit Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris by up to 87 %. It’s in vivo effect was checked with pot trials on chickpeas. Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles have shown adequate inhibition of fungus both in vitro and in vivo.

Nanotechnology has captured the attention of the scientific community, particularly regarding the use of nanomaterials in various fields, including agriculture. In this field, nanoparticles are being studied as an alternative to traditional inorganic fertilizers. Previous studies have reported that nanoparticles may increase crop growth and yield. However, the use of nanoparticles higher than 10 nm may cause harm and toxicity in some plant species, and some of these nanomaterials are not water-soluble or chemically stable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of water-stable TGA coated ZnS Quantum Dots (QDs) on the growth of Ocimum basilicum (basil) plants. QDs are known for their small size (less than 10 nm) and potential biocompatibility depending on their organic coating. In this research, the nanostructures synthesized were mostly spherical with an average size of 2.4 nm and crystalline structure resembling zinc blende. The EDS spectrum showed the elemental composition of the QDs, with 49.0 % zinc and 51.0 % sulfur, and the TGA coated ZnS QDs exhibited a fluorescent peak at 423 nm, which is characteristic of this material. These QDs were added to basil seedlings to promote plant growth and development. Results showed an increase in total chlorophyll content by 11 % in plants exposed to 250 ppm of TGA coated ZnS QDs and 12 % for plants exposed to 500 and 1000 ppm. Highest concentration of Mg (21 % more than control plants) was found in plants exposed to 500 ppm of TGA coated ZnS QDs. An increase in K and Ca uptake was observed in plants exposed to 750 ppm QDs (by about 15 % and 24 % respectively). Plants exposed to QDs at 1000 ppm increased Cu, Mn, and Fe by about 36 %, 86 %, and 523 % respectively. Additionally, plants exposed to 500 ppm QDs increased Zn concentration in leaves by about 89 %. QDs, covered with TGA and measuring 2.4 nm, enhanced nutrient absorption in roots due to the high contact surface between the QDs and roots. The small size of the QDs enables transport within plants, traveling across both the xylem and phloem.

Globally, agricultural lands are polluted by nanoplastics and microplastics (NPs and MPs) entering the soil through organic fertilizers to amend soil, use of treated sewage water for irrigation, and atmospheric deposition. Therefore, comprehending the impact of NPs and MPs on crops is crucial. Contemporary scientific research indicates that NPs and MPs undergo bioaccumulation within plant tissues, adversely affecting crops' physiology, biology, and genetics, significantly reducing germination and growth/productivity rates. In scientific studies, the effects of NPs and MPs on crops are studied in different experimental conditions. However, real-environment scenarios involve a complex interplay of various factors that can significantly influence the impact of NPs and MPs on crops. To better understand the factors affecting crop susceptibility to NPs and MPs, this review presents a bibliometric analysis of the secondary data using R-software coupled with Biblioshiny-App. It revealed that the MP's effects on crops are better studied than NPs. Further, various direct factors and their interplays influence the impact of NPs and MPs on crops, which are discussed in detail. The findings indicated that the impacts of NPs and MPs on crops depend on the physical and chemical properties of NPs and MPs (i.e., size, shape, and chemical composition), dose and duration of exposure of crops to NPs and MPs, the route of entry (via leaves/roots) and intoxication via mobilization, the presence of other pollutants, and the medium of growth (hydroponic media or soil). Additionally, crop-related factors, i.e., crop species, developmental stage, and the specific physiology and biology of the crop affecting the effect of NPs and MPs on crops, are discussed. In conclusion, for an accurate assessment of the impact of NPs and MPs on crops in natural environments, it is essential to consider the complex interplay of these various factors.