Plant Nano Biology最新文献_第3页

Carbon nanofertilizers in agriculture: A critical review of soil ecosystem impacts and phytotoxicity 碳纳米肥料在农业中的应用：土壤生态系统影响和植物毒性的综述

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100231

Rabia Javed , Zia-ul Islam , Ayesha Rathnayake , Omaththage Adithya Dananjaya Padmaperuma , Uzma Sharafat , Rhea Amor Lumactud , Lord Abbey , Raymond Thomas , Lakshman Galagedara , Mumtaz Cheema

The rapid growth in global population has placed immense pressure on food production systems. As a result, the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern farming has severely reduced soil fertility and disrupted critical ecosystem functions and equilibria. There have been significant leaching and runoff losses of key mineral elements in the environment due to synthetic fertilizer application, resulting in a substantial reduction in nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in different cropping systems. Nanofertilizers (NFs) have been considered more effective and economical than synthetic fertilizers because their nanostructure regulates the delivery of nutrients and enhances plant absorption due to a high surface area to volume ratio. Different types of carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs), such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanodots (CDs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have been synthesized from various biological sources acting as carbon nanofertilizers (CNFs). These CNPs stimulate soil microbial and enzymatic activities, promote organic matter decomposition, enhance carbon sequestration, and improve water retention, mainly through enhanced nutrient accessibility, aggregation with soil organic matter, and a high-surface-area matrix for microbial habitat and proliferation. Although CNFs exhibit considerable potential, several critical challenges remain, including high production costs, limited knowledge of their long-term environmental behavior, and the requirement for well-defined concentration thresholds tailored to specific soil–crop systems. This review outlines the benefits, potential drawbacks, and key challenges of CNFs for plants and soil health that must be addressed to harness their full potential as plant growth stimulants and soil quality boosters.

全球人口的快速增长给粮食生产系统带来了巨大的压力。因此，现代农业过度使用化肥和农药严重降低了土壤肥力，破坏了关键的生态系统功能和平衡。由于施用合成肥料，环境中关键矿物元素的淋失和径流损失显著，导致不同种植制度的养分利用效率（NUE）大幅降低。纳米肥料（NFs）被认为比合成肥料更有效和经济，因为它们的纳米结构调节营养物质的输送，并由于其高表面积与体积比而增强植物吸收。不同类型的碳基纳米颗粒（CNPs），如碳纳米管（CNTs）、碳纳米点（CDs）和碳纳米纤维（CNFs），已经从各种生物来源合成作为碳纳米肥料（CNFs）。这些CNPs刺激土壤微生物和酶活性，促进有机质分解，增强碳固存，改善水潴留，主要通过增强养分可及性，与土壤有机质聚集，以及微生物栖息地和增殖的高表面积基质。尽管CNFs显示出相当大的潜力，但仍然存在一些关键挑战，包括高生产成本，对其长期环境行为的了解有限，以及需要针对特定土壤作物系统制定明确的浓度阈值。这篇综述概述了CNFs对植物和土壤健康的好处、潜在的缺点以及必须解决的关键挑战，以充分利用它们作为植物生长刺激剂和土壤质量助推器的潜力。

{"title":"Carbon nanofertilizers in agriculture: A critical review of soil ecosystem impacts and phytotoxicity","authors":"Rabia Javed , Zia-ul Islam , Ayesha Rathnayake , Omaththage Adithya Dananjaya Padmaperuma , Uzma Sharafat , Rhea Amor Lumactud , Lord Abbey , Raymond Thomas , Lakshman Galagedara , Mumtaz Cheema","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth in global population has placed immense pressure on food production systems. As a result, the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in modern farming has severely reduced soil fertility and disrupted critical ecosystem functions and equilibria. There have been significant leaching and runoff losses of key mineral elements in the environment due to synthetic fertilizer application, resulting in a substantial reduction in nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in different cropping systems. Nanofertilizers (NFs) have been considered more effective and economical than synthetic fertilizers because their nanostructure regulates the delivery of nutrients and enhances plant absorption due to a high surface area to volume ratio. Different types of carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs), such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanodots (CDs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have been synthesized from various biological sources acting as carbon nanofertilizers (CNFs). These CNPs stimulate soil microbial and enzymatic activities, promote organic matter decomposition, enhance carbon sequestration, and improve water retention, mainly through enhanced nutrient accessibility, aggregation with soil organic matter, and a high-surface-area matrix for microbial habitat and proliferation. Although CNFs exhibit considerable potential, several critical challenges remain, including high production costs, limited knowledge of their long-term environmental behavior, and the requirement for well-defined concentration thresholds tailored to specific soil–crop systems. This review outlines the benefits, potential drawbacks, and key challenges of CNFs for plants and soil health that must be addressed to harness their full potential as plant growth stimulants and soil quality boosters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil applied biochars and foliar applied nanoparticles improve wheat growth in cadmium contaminated soil 土壤施用生物炭和叶面施用纳米颗粒促进了镉污染土壤中小麦的生长

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100241

Muhammad Anwar , Muhammad Farooq Qayyum , Hafiz Muhammad Zubair , Muhammad Aon

We studied the interactive effects of soil-applied algal-biochar (ABC) and sorghum-biochar (SBC) with foliar applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NP) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on the growth and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by wheat grown in a cadmium-contaminated soil (previously irrigated with sewage water). Algal and sorghum BCs were prepared using Kon-Tiki and analyzed prior to experimentation. Soil was amended with 1 % biochar (ABC or SBC) and filled into pots in which wheat was grown to maturity. FeO-NP and ZnO-NP (5 g L⁻¹) were applied foliarly. The results demonstrated a positive and significant influence of biochar and nanoparticles on agronomic parameters such as plant height, fertile tillers, grain yield, and straw yield. The agronomic attributes were highest in ABC-amended soil with FeO-NP foliar application. Grain Zn concentration increased significantly with ZnO-NP, while Cd concentrations in grain and straw decreased significantly with FeO-NP in SBC-amended soil. Soil pH and ECe were unaffected by NPs. However, ABC and SBC amended treatments showed a significant decrease in DTPA-extractable Cd, compared to No-BC treatments. The uptake of Cd by wheat grains decreased by 33 % with the foliar application of FeO-NP and ZnO-NP, respectively, in the absence of biochar (no-BC), while reductions of 34 % and 25 % were observed when SBC was applied to the soil in combination with FeO-NP foliar application. The study demonstrated that combined biochar and nanoparticle applications can mitigate Cd uptake, enhance Zn accumulation, and improve wheat growth in contaminated soils, with ABC and FeO-NP showing the most promising results.

研究了土壤施用藻类生物炭（ABC）和高粱生物炭（SBC）与叶面施用氧化铁纳米粒子（FeO-NP）和氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO-NP）对镉污染土壤（以前用污水灌溉）中小麦生长和镉（Cd）积累的交互作用。用Kon-Tiki法制备藻类和高粱的bc，并在实验前进行分析。土壤中添加1 %的生物炭（ABC或SBC），并填入小麦生长至成熟的盆栽中。FeO-NP和ZnO-NP（5 g L⁻¹）用于叶面。结果表明，生物炭和纳米颗粒对植株高度、肥力分蘖、粮食产量和秸秆产量等农艺参数有显著的正向影响。叶面施用FeO-NP的abc改良土壤农艺性状最高。sbc改良土壤中，ZnO-NP显著提高了籽粒Zn浓度，FeO-NP显著降低了籽粒和秸秆中Cd浓度。土壤pH和ECe不受NPs的影响。然而，与无bc处理相比，ABC和SBC处理显示dtpa可提取Cd显著降低。在不施用生物炭（no-BC）的情况下，叶面施用FeO-NP和ZnO-NP的小麦籽粒对Cd的吸收分别下降了33 %，而在土壤中施用SBC和FeO-NP的情况下，籽粒对Cd的吸收分别下降了34 %和25 %。研究表明，生物炭与纳米颗粒复合施用可减缓污染土壤对Cd的吸收，增加Zn的积累，并促进小麦生长，其中ABC和FeO-NP表现出最有希望的效果。

{"title":"Soil applied biochars and foliar applied nanoparticles improve wheat growth in cadmium contaminated soil","authors":"Muhammad Anwar , Muhammad Farooq Qayyum , Hafiz Muhammad Zubair , Muhammad Aon","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the interactive effects of soil-applied algal-biochar (ABC) and sorghum-biochar (SBC) with foliar applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NP) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on the growth and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by wheat grown in a cadmium-contaminated soil (previously irrigated with sewage water). Algal and sorghum BCs were prepared using Kon-Tiki and analyzed prior to experimentation. Soil was amended with 1 % biochar (ABC or SBC) and filled into pots in which wheat was grown to maturity. FeO-NP and ZnO-NP (5 g L⁻¹) were applied foliarly. The results demonstrated a positive and significant influence of biochar and nanoparticles on agronomic parameters such as plant height, fertile tillers, grain yield, and straw yield. The agronomic attributes were highest in ABC-amended soil with FeO-NP foliar application. Grain Zn concentration increased significantly with ZnO-NP, while Cd concentrations in grain and straw decreased significantly with FeO-NP in SBC-amended soil. Soil pH and ECe were unaffected by NPs. However, ABC and SBC amended treatments showed a significant decrease in DTPA-extractable Cd, compared to No-BC treatments. The uptake of Cd by wheat grains decreased by 33 % with the foliar application of FeO-NP and ZnO-NP, respectively, in the absence of biochar (no-BC), while reductions of 34 % and 25 % were observed when SBC was applied to the soil in combination with FeO-NP foliar application. The study demonstrated that combined biochar and nanoparticle applications can mitigate Cd uptake, enhance Zn accumulation, and improve wheat growth in contaminated soils, with ABC and FeO-NP showing the most promising results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic analysis of rice treated with ZnO nanoparticles after brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), BPH) infestation 氧化锌纳米粒子处理水稻褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens (statal)， BPH）侵染后的转录组学分析

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100237

Panatda Jannoey , Phanupong Changtor , Duangdao Channei , Sutthichat Kerdphon , Kittisak Buddhachat

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), BPH) is a major rice pest that causes significant yield losses. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were employed to induce the activation of rice defense genes against BPH infestation. Rice seedlings were grown in ZnO-NPs supplemented medium under aseptic conditions for 8 weeks, after which they were transferred to pots prior to BPH infestation. Transcriptional profiles of rice plants treated with ZnO-NPs (Azn) and untreated (Ac) were examined following BPH infestation and compared with rice plants without BPH infestation (Bc). ZnO-NPs specifically induced the up-regulation of genes associated with zinc transport (AP3d1), helicase enzyme (DNA 2_4), grain quality and development (LGG, MADS-box), lignin biosynthesis (DIR48, CCR24) and the NINJA transcription factor involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This study also revealed that both Ac and Azn samples exhibited basal gene expression following BPH infestation, with activation of defense-related genes such as PR1a, phytoalexin (KS4), NBS-LRR (YR48), β-glucosidase (G4), pectin lyase (GAE1), lipase (GELP45, GELP67). Moreover, the Ac sample without ZnO-NPs treatment exhibited down-regulation of basal metabolic pathways, including protein metabolism (CL24, L40, L34), carbohydrate metabolism and chlorophyll-binding proteins. This metabolic suppression was consistent with the yellowing and wilting symptoms observed in Ac plants following BPH infestation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis supported the DEG findings, revealing that zinc transporter and stress-responsive genes, including those involved in JA signaling, wound response and oxidative stress were uniquely enriched in Azn-treated plants. The qRT-PCR validation showed results consistent with the RNA-seq expression profiles, confirming the reliability of the transcriptome data. Notably, genes such as Os03g0245800, Os09g0530200 and Os11g0590700 were markedly overexpressed under Azn treatment. ZnO-NPs may function as a biofertilizer and contribute to reducing insecticide dependence during BPH outbreaks.

褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens (stamatl)， BPH）是造成重大产量损失的主要水稻害虫。本研究利用氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）诱导水稻防御BPH侵染的基因激活。水稻幼苗在添加ZnO-NPs的培养基中在无菌条件下生长8周，之后转移到BPH侵染前的盆栽中。在BPH侵染后，研究了ZnO-NPs处理（Azn）和未处理（Ac）水稻植株的转录谱，并与未侵染水稻植株（Bc）进行了比较。ZnO-NPs特异性诱导锌转运相关基因（AP3d1）、解旋酶（DNA 2_4）、籽粒品质与发育相关基因（LGG、MADS-box）、木质素生物合成相关基因（DIR48、CCR24）和茉莉酸（JA）信号通路相关转录因子NINJA的上调。该研究还发现，Ac和Azn样品在BPH侵染后均表现出基本的基因表达，并激活了防御相关基因，如PR1a、植物抗菌素（KS4）、nps - lrr （YR48）、β-葡萄糖苷酶（G4）、果胶裂解酶（GAE1）、脂肪酶（GELP45、GELP67）。此外，未经ZnO-NPs处理的Ac样品的基础代谢途径，包括蛋白质代谢（CL24、L40、L34）、碳水化合物代谢和叶绿素结合蛋白，均出现下调。这种代谢抑制与BPH侵染后在Ac植物中观察到的黄变和枯萎症状一致。基因本体论（GO）分析支持DEG的发现，揭示锌转运体和应激反应基因，包括参与JA信号，伤口反应和氧化应激的基因，在azn处理的植物中独特地富集。qRT-PCR验证结果与RNA-seq表达谱一致，证实了转录组数据的可靠性。值得注意的是，在Azn处理下，Os03g0245800、Os09g0530200和Os11g0590700等基因明显过表达。ZnO-NPs可能起到生物肥料的作用，有助于减少BPH暴发期间对杀虫剂的依赖。

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of rice treated with ZnO nanoparticles after brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), BPH) infestation","authors":"Panatda Jannoey , Phanupong Changtor , Duangdao Channei , Sutthichat Kerdphon , Kittisak Buddhachat","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper (<em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> (Stål), BPH) is a major rice pest that causes significant yield losses. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were employed to induce the activation of rice defense genes against BPH infestation. Rice seedlings were grown in ZnO-NPs supplemented medium under aseptic conditions for 8 weeks, after which they were transferred to pots prior to BPH infestation. Transcriptional profiles of rice plants treated with ZnO-NPs (Azn) and untreated (Ac) were examined following BPH infestation and compared with rice plants without BPH infestation (Bc). ZnO-NPs specifically induced the up-regulation of genes associated with zinc transport (<em>AP3d1</em>), helicase enzyme (<em>DNA 2_4</em>), grain quality and development (<em>LGG</em>, <em>MADS-box</em>), lignin biosynthesis (<em>DIR48</em>, <em>CCR24</em>) and the NINJA transcription factor involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. This study also revealed that both Ac and Azn samples exhibited basal gene expression following BPH infestation, with activation of defense-related genes such as <em>PR1a</em>, phytoalexin (<em>KS4</em>), NBS-LRR (<em>YR48</em>), β-glucosidase (<em>G4</em>), pectin lyase (<em>GAE1</em>), lipase (<em>GELP45, GELP67</em>). Moreover, the Ac sample without ZnO-NPs treatment exhibited down-regulation of basal metabolic pathways, including protein metabolism (<em>CL24, L40, L34</em>), carbohydrate metabolism and chlorophyll-binding proteins. This metabolic suppression was consistent with the yellowing and wilting symptoms observed in Ac plants following BPH infestation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis supported the DEG findings, revealing that zinc transporter and stress-responsive genes, including those involved in JA signaling, wound response and oxidative stress were uniquely enriched in Azn-treated plants. The qRT-PCR validation showed results consistent with the RNA-seq expression profiles, confirming the reliability of the transcriptome data. Notably, genes such as <em>Os03g0245800</em>, <em>Os09g0530200</em> and <em>Os11g0590700</em> were markedly overexpressed under Azn treatment. ZnO-NPs may function as a biofertilizer and contribute to reducing insecticide dependence during BPH outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selenium nanoparticles and nanocomposites in sustainable agriculture: Synthesis, stress alleviation mechanisms, and soil health impacts 可持续农业中硒纳米粒子和纳米复合材料：合成、胁迫缓解机制和土壤健康影响

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100240

R. Sowmya , S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam , Krithika Shree Sivasuriyan , Amrish Varshan. G. S , K. Samrat

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenium-based nanocomposite (SeNCs) have emerged as a promising tool in modern agriculture, due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and potent biological activities. This review examines their synthesis, characterization, potential applications in enhancing agricultural productivity, with a focus on their biostimulant, antioxidant, and stress-alleviating properties. SeNPs contribute to improved plant growth and seed germination by modulating plant hormone signalling pathways such as auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid. Their ability to improve growth and stress resilience has been demonstrated by molecular docking studies, which show their strong and stable interactions with these hormones. Additionally, SeNPs enhance plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses by activating antioxidant systems, thereby reducing oxidative damage from pathogenic sources and environmental factors. Chitosan- based SeNCs, exhibit high biocompatibility and effectively reduce soil toxicity while maintaining essential soil microbial enzyme activities. The review highlights the significant potential of SeNPs and SeNCs to advance sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop performance, stress tolerance, and soil quality. These findings underscore the broader relevance of selenium nanotechnology in addressing global food security challenges and promoting environmentally responsible farming practices.

硒纳米粒子（SeNPs）和硒基纳米复合材料（SeNCs）由于其独特的物理化学特性和强大的生物活性，在现代农业中具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了它们的合成、表征及其在提高农业生产力方面的潜在应用，重点介绍了它们的生物刺激素、抗氧化和应激缓解特性。SeNPs通过调节植物激素信号通路，如生长素、赤霉素和脱落酸，促进植物生长和种子萌发。分子对接研究表明，它们与这些激素之间存在强大而稳定的相互作用，具有促进生长和应激恢复的能力。此外，SeNPs通过激活抗氧化系统增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的防御机制，从而减少致病源和环境因素的氧化损伤。壳聚糖基senc具有较高的生物相容性，在保持土壤必需微生物酶活性的同时，还能有效降低土壤毒性。该综述强调了SeNPs和SeNCs通过提高作物性能、抗逆性和土壤质量来促进可持续农业的巨大潜力。这些发现强调了硒纳米技术在解决全球粮食安全挑战和促进对环境负责的农业实践方面的更广泛的相关性。

{"title":"Selenium nanoparticles and nanocomposites in sustainable agriculture: Synthesis, stress alleviation mechanisms, and soil health impacts","authors":"R. Sowmya , S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam , Krithika Shree Sivasuriyan , Amrish Varshan. G. S , K. Samrat","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenium-based nanocomposite (SeNCs) have emerged as a promising tool in modern agriculture, due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and potent biological activities. This review examines their synthesis, characterization, potential applications in enhancing agricultural productivity, with a focus on their biostimulant, antioxidant, and stress-alleviating properties. SeNPs contribute to improved plant growth and seed germination by modulating plant hormone signalling pathways such as auxin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid. Their ability to improve growth and stress resilience has been demonstrated by molecular docking studies, which show their strong and stable interactions with these hormones. Additionally, SeNPs enhance plant defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses by activating antioxidant systems, thereby reducing oxidative damage from pathogenic sources and environmental factors. Chitosan- based SeNCs, exhibit high biocompatibility and effectively reduce soil toxicity while maintaining essential soil microbial enzyme activities. The review highlights the significant potential of SeNPs and SeNCs to advance sustainable agriculture by enhancing crop performance, stress tolerance, and soil quality. These findings underscore the broader relevance of selenium nanotechnology in addressing global food security challenges and promoting environmentally responsible farming practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silver nanoparticles suppress the occurrence of anthracnose in Catalpa bungei: Efficacy evaluation and mechanistic analysis 纳米银颗粒抑制紫杉树炭疽病的发生：效果评价及机制分析

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100239

Daoguo Chen , Xiaohan Guo , Nan Lu , Jiaojiao Zhang , Wenjun Ma , Junhui Wang

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and offer distinct advantages as antimicrobial agents, including high efficacy and low tendency for resistance development. However, the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit plant fungal pathogens remain unclear, particularly in anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of AgNPs against this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrated that AgNPs effectively inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides at concentrations of 5 mg L⁻¹ and 20 mg L⁻¹. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AgNPs suppress the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and cell wall integrity, rather than causing disruption of cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, AgNPs treatment significantly reduced anthracnose disease severity in Catalpa bungei leaves. Additional results indicated that AgNPs may enhance ROS burst in C. bungei by up-regulating the expression of RBOH genes, which in turn promote the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes. Collectively, these findings clarify the potential mechanisms of AgNPs antifungal activity and provide a theoretical basis for their practical application in the management of anthracnose, as well as for resistance breeding in forestry timber species.

银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）以其广谱抗菌活性而闻名，并提供了作为抗菌药物的独特优势，包括高效率和低耐药性发展趋势。然而，AgNPs抑制植物真菌病原体的机制尚不清楚，特别是对炭疽菌引起的炭疽病的抑制机制。因此，阐明AgNPs对该病原菌的抗真菌机制是十分必要的。在本研究中，我们证明了AgNPs在浓度为5 mg L−1和20 mg L−1时能有效抑制gloeosporioides菌丝生长和孢子萌发。机制研究表明，AgNPs抑制活性氧（ROS）清除和细胞壁完整性相关基因的表达，而不是破坏细胞膜完整性。此外，AgNPs处理显著降低了紫杉树叶片的炭疽病严重程度。结果表明，AgNPs可能通过上调RBOH基因的表达，促进龙葵ROS爆发，进而促进致病相关（PR）蛋白基因的表达。总的来说，这些发现阐明了AgNPs抗真菌活性的潜在机制，并为其在炭疽病管理中的实际应用以及林业木材品种的抗性育种提供了理论基础。

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles suppress the occurrence of anthracnose in Catalpa bungei: Efficacy evaluation and mechanistic analysis","authors":"Daoguo Chen , Xiaohan Guo , Nan Lu , Jiaojiao Zhang , Wenjun Ma , Junhui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and offer distinct advantages as antimicrobial agents, including high efficacy and low tendency for resistance development. However, the mechanisms by which AgNPs inhibit plant fungal pathogens remain unclear, particularly in anthracnose caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of AgNPs against this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrated that AgNPs effectively inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> at concentrations of 5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 20 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AgNPs suppress the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and cell wall integrity, rather than causing disruption of cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, AgNPs treatment significantly reduced anthracnose disease severity in <em>Catalpa bungei</em> leaves. Additional results indicated that AgNPs may enhance ROS burst in <em>C. bungei</em> by up-regulating the expression of RBOH genes, which in turn promote the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes. Collectively, these findings clarify the potential mechanisms of AgNPs antifungal activity and provide a theoretical basis for their practical application in the management of anthracnose, as well as for resistance breeding in forestry timber species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-gen nanoformulations for insect growth regulation: Reducing environmental load with targeted lufenuron delivery 用于调节昆虫生长的新一代纳米配方：减少环境负荷，靶向给药

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100250

Marcos Lenz , Matheus Mota Lanzarin , Leonardo Marques de Almeida Mariano , Manoel Peres Zinelli , Jhones Luiz de Oliveira , Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto , Adriano Arrué Melo

The growing demand for sustainable pest control necessitates advanced delivery systems that enhance insecticidal efficacy while minimizing environmental impact. In this study, we developed and evaluated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanoparticles for encapsulating lufenuron, an insect growth regulator, with the primary aim of developing and characterizing the nanoformulation and the secondary aim of assessing its potential efficacy against Rachiplusia nu relative to conventional formulations. The nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation and characterized by particle size (264 ± 5 nm), zeta potential (–44 ± 1.2 mV), encapsulation efficiency (>99 %), and surface morphology, with atomic force microscopy confirming uniform spherical structures. Stability studies over 90 days showed negligible size and surface charge variation, ensuring formulation robustness under storage conditions. In vitro release assays revealed an erosion-controlled release profile, with the nanoencapsulated formulation releasing the active compound up to eight times more slowly than free lufenuron. Biological performance was validated through in vitro (artificial diet) and in vivo (semi-field) assays conducted in duplicate trials. The nanoformulated (NP_PCL_LFN) and commercial lufenuron (LFN) achieved nearly 100 % larval mortality at the highest tested concentrations. NP_PCL_LFN maintained effective control at a reduced application rate, showing equivalence to the commercial formulation under low-concentration conditions. In semi-field trials, both treatments provided > 76 % control at full dose, with nanoencapsulation sustaining comparable efficacy at lower levels. These results underscore the potential of PCL-based nanoformulations to enhance pesticide stability, control release kinetics, and reduce application rates, offering a promising route for precision agriculture and resistance management in integrated pest control strategies.

对可持续虫害控制日益增长的需求需要先进的输送系统，以提高杀虫效果，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响。在这项研究中，我们开发并评估了聚己内酯（PCL）纳米颗粒包封昆虫生长调节剂氟虫腈，主要目的是开发和表征纳米配方，次要目的是评估其相对于常规配方对牛棘虫的潜在功效。采用纳米沉淀法合成了纳米颗粒，并对其粒径（264 ± 5 nm）、zeta电位（-44 ± 1.2 mV）、包封效率（>99 %）和表面形貌进行了表征，原子力显微镜证实了纳米颗粒的均匀球形结构。90天的稳定性研究表明，尺寸和表面电荷变化可以忽略不计，确保了配方在储存条件下的稳健性。体外释放试验揭示了一个侵蚀控制的释放曲线，纳米胶囊制剂释放活性化合物的速度比游离的氟虫腈慢8倍。通过重复试验进行的体外（人工饲料）和体内（半场）试验验证了生物性能。在最高浓度下，纳米配方（NP_PCL_LFN）和商用氟虫腈（LFN）的幼虫死亡率接近100% %。NP_PCL_LFN在减少施用量的情况下仍能保持有效的控制，在低浓度条件下与商业配方相当。在半现场试验中，两种治疗方法在全剂量下提供了>； 76 %的控制，纳米胶囊化在较低剂量下保持相当的疗效。这些结果强调了基于pcl的纳米配方在提高农药稳定性、控制释放动力学和降低施用量方面的潜力，为精准农业和害虫综合防治策略中的抗性管理提供了一条有希望的途径。

{"title":"Next-gen nanoformulations for insect growth regulation: Reducing environmental load with targeted lufenuron delivery","authors":"Marcos Lenz , Matheus Mota Lanzarin , Leonardo Marques de Almeida Mariano , Manoel Peres Zinelli , Jhones Luiz de Oliveira , Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto , Adriano Arrué Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable pest control necessitates advanced delivery systems that enhance insecticidal efficacy while minimizing environmental impact. In this study, we developed and evaluated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanoparticles for encapsulating lufenuron, an insect growth regulator, with the primary aim of developing and characterizing the nanoformulation and the secondary aim of assessing its potential efficacy against <em>Rachiplusia nu</em> relative to conventional formulations. The nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation and characterized by particle size (264 ± 5 nm), zeta potential (–44 ± 1.2 mV), encapsulation efficiency (>99 %), and surface morphology, with atomic force microscopy confirming uniform spherical structures. Stability studies over 90 days showed negligible size and surface charge variation, ensuring formulation robustness under storage conditions. In vitro release assays revealed an erosion-controlled release profile, with the nanoencapsulated formulation releasing the active compound up to eight times more slowly than free lufenuron. Biological performance was validated through in vitro (artificial diet) and in vivo (semi-field) assays conducted in duplicate trials. The nanoformulated (NP_PCL_LFN) and commercial lufenuron (LFN) achieved nearly 100 % larval mortality at the highest tested concentrations. NP_PCL_LFN maintained effective control at a reduced application rate, showing equivalence to the commercial formulation under low-concentration conditions. In semi-field trials, both treatments provided > 76 % control at full dose, with nanoencapsulation sustaining comparable efficacy at lower levels. These results underscore the potential of PCL-based nanoformulations to enhance pesticide stability, control release kinetics, and reduce application rates, offering a promising route for precision agriculture and resistance management in integrated pest control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling the nanoparticle-mediated regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling 揭示纳米粒子介导的植物激素生物合成和信号传导调节

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100256

Swathi Shivappa , K.P. Amritha , Siddharth Nayak , Harsha K. Chandrashekhar , Meenakshi Subramanian , Srivatsa Udupa , Manoj Kumar , Nikhil Kumar Ramesha , Sachin Ashok Thorat , Arya Kaniyassery , Annamalai Muthusamy

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as key plant growth and development regulators that influence various physiological and biochemical processes, including hormone regulation, stress response, and antioxidant defense. Similarly, phytohormones are essential for controlling cell division, differentiation, and organ development and are significantly impacted by NPs. NPs interact with plant systems by altering transcription-associated genes in phytohormone synthesis and signalling networks, thus modulating plant adaptations to biotic and abiotic challenges. This review explores the role of NPs in directing the biosynthesis of phytohormones and their involvement in the complex signalling networks that govern plant development and stress adaptation. The extensive role of NPs in hormone synthesis and accumulation and their involvement in signalling networks, have been reported recently. However, the direct association of NP-assisted phytohormone regulation has not yet been revealed. Thus, this review explores new research aimed at understanding how NPs affect phytohormone interference, biosynthesis mechanisms, signalling networks, and phytohormone-mediated modulation and interactions. Furthermore, we examined how NPs affect the biosynthesis and signalling pathways of ethylene, brassinosteriods, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid to highlight key areas for future research and identify existing gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms and underlying factors responsible for the observed discrepancies in specific phytohormone responses are discussed.

纳米颗粒（NPs）已成为植物生长发育的关键调节剂，影响各种生理生化过程，包括激素调节、应激反应和抗氧化防御。同样，植物激素对控制细胞分裂、分化和器官发育至关重要，并受到NPs的显著影响。NPs通过改变植物激素合成和信号网络中的转录相关基因与植物系统相互作用，从而调节植物对生物和非生物挑战的适应。这篇综述探讨了NPs在指导植物激素生物合成中的作用，以及它们在控制植物发育和逆境适应的复杂信号网络中的作用。最近报道了NPs在激素合成和积累中的广泛作用以及它们参与信号网络。然而，np辅助植物激素调控的直接关联尚未被揭示。因此，本文对NPs如何影响植物激素干扰、生物合成机制、信号网络以及植物激素介导的调节和相互作用进行了探讨。此外，我们研究了NPs如何影响乙烯、油菜素内酯、生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、乙烯、水杨酸和茉莉酸的生物合成和信号通路，以突出未来研究的关键领域，并确定现有文献中的空白。此外，潜在的机制和潜在因素负责观察到的特定植物激素反应差异进行了讨论。

{"title":"Unravelling the nanoparticle-mediated regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling","authors":"Swathi Shivappa , K.P. Amritha , Siddharth Nayak , Harsha K. Chandrashekhar , Meenakshi Subramanian , Srivatsa Udupa , Manoj Kumar , Nikhil Kumar Ramesha , Sachin Ashok Thorat , Arya Kaniyassery , Annamalai Muthusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as key plant growth and development regulators that influence various physiological and biochemical processes, including hormone regulation, stress response, and antioxidant defense. Similarly, phytohormones are essential for controlling cell division, differentiation, and organ development and are significantly impacted by NPs. NPs interact with plant systems by altering transcription-associated genes in phytohormone synthesis and signalling networks, thus modulating plant adaptations to biotic and abiotic challenges. This review explores the role of NPs in directing the biosynthesis of phytohormones and their involvement in the complex signalling networks that govern plant development and stress adaptation. The extensive role of NPs in hormone synthesis and accumulation and their involvement in signalling networks, have been reported recently. However, the direct association of NP-assisted phytohormone regulation has not yet been revealed. Thus, this review explores new research aimed at understanding how NPs affect phytohormone interference, biosynthesis mechanisms, signalling networks, and phytohormone-mediated modulation and interactions. Furthermore, we examined how NPs affect the biosynthesis and signalling pathways of ethylene, brassinosteriods, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid to highlight key areas for future research and identify existing gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms and underlying factors responsible for the observed discrepancies in specific phytohormone responses are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioengineered nano zinc oxide formulation-SmZnF disrupting fungal pathogens of Withania somnifera, a high value medicinal plant 生物工程纳米氧化锌制剂smznf对高价值药用植物苦参真菌病原菌的破坏作用

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100252

Amit Kumar Sinha , Rahul Kumar , Shikha Nishad , Narayan Prasad Yadav , Kishore Babu Bandamaravuri

Fungal phytopathogens pose significant challenges to agriculture owing to their high genetic diversity, adaptability to environmental conditions, and rapid evolutionary dynamics, which enable them to develop resistance against commonly used chemical fungicides and even overcome disease-resistant plant varieties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) have emerged as potent antifungal agents due to their safety and unique physicochemical properties. In the present study, fungal diseases affecting Withania somnifera were effectively managed using a nano-bioformulation (SmZnF). We carried out a comprehensive physicochemical analysis and confirmed the stability and efficacy of SmZnF. The in vitro fungicidal activity illustrated that the MIC of SmZnF on Fusarium solani, WsRrK-01, 125 µg/ml, Alternaria alternata, WLSK-01, 62.5 µg/ml, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, WsSRK-01, 15.625 µg/ml was significantly more effective than the ZnO-NP alone. The mode of action of SmZnF on phytopathogenic fungi revealed that the electrolyte and sugar leakage from the mycelia, and alteration in total mycelial ergosterol content, lead to disruption and rupture of the mycelia. The morphological distortion and biochemical findings confirmed the mode of action of SmZnF, and the bio-efficacy of SmZnF was validated through in planta antifungal assays under glasshouse.

真菌植物病原体具有高度的遗传多样性、对环境条件的适应性和快速的进化动态，使它们能够对常用的化学杀菌剂产生抗性，甚至克服抗病植物品种，这对农业构成了重大挑战。氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NP）由于其独特的物理化学性质和安全性而成为一种有效的抗真菌药物。在本研究中，利用纳米生物制剂（SmZnF）有效地控制了影响Withania somnifera的真菌疾病。我们进行了全面的理化分析，证实了SmZnF的稳定性和有效性。结果表明，SmZnF对番茄镰刀菌WsRrK-01（125 µg/ml）、交替稻瘟菌WLSK-01（62.5 µg/ml）和菌核菌WsSRK-01（15.625 µg/ml）的体外杀菌效果显著优于ZnO-NP。SmZnF对植物致病真菌的作用模式表明，菌丝中电解质和糖的渗漏以及菌丝麦角甾醇总含量的改变导致菌丝的破坏和断裂。形态畸变和生化结果证实了SmZnF的作用方式，并通过植物温室抑菌试验验证了SmZnF的生物功效。

{"title":"Bioengineered nano zinc oxide formulation-SmZnF disrupting fungal pathogens of Withania somnifera, a high value medicinal plant","authors":"Amit Kumar Sinha , Rahul Kumar , Shikha Nishad , Narayan Prasad Yadav , Kishore Babu Bandamaravuri","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal phytopathogens pose significant challenges to agriculture owing to their high genetic diversity, adaptability to environmental conditions, and rapid evolutionary dynamics, which enable them to develop resistance against commonly used chemical fungicides and even overcome disease-resistant plant varieties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) have emerged as potent antifungal agents due to their safety and unique physicochemical properties. In the present study, fungal diseases affecting <em>Withania somnifera</em> were effectively managed using a nano-bioformulation (SmZnF). We carried out a comprehensive physicochemical analysis and confirmed the stability and efficacy of SmZnF. The <em>in vitro</em> fungicidal activity illustrated that the MIC of SmZnF on <em>Fusarium solani</em>, WsRrK-01, 125 µg/ml, <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, WLSK-01, 62.5 µg/ml, and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em>, WsSRK-01, 15.625 µg/ml was significantly more effective than the ZnO-NP alone. The mode of action of SmZnF on phytopathogenic fungi revealed that the electrolyte and sugar leakage from the mycelia, and alteration in total mycelial ergosterol content, lead to disruption and rupture of the mycelia. The morphological distortion and biochemical findings confirmed the mode of action of SmZnF, and the bio-efficacy of SmZnF was validated through <em>in planta</em> antifungal assays under glasshouse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A decade of nanotechnology in maize (Zea mays): Benefits, risks, and future directions 玉米纳米技术的十年：利益、风险和未来方向

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2026.100255

Ezequiel García-Locascio , Arturo A. Keller , Pabel Cervantes-Avilés

Maize (Zea mays) is a staple crop globally, and the application of nanotechnology holds great promise in enhancing maize growth, resilience, and yield. While various studies have reported the effects of several metallic, metalloid, and non-metallic-based nanomaterials (NMs) in maize, the full extent of their benefits, risks, and influencing factors remains to be fully understood. This systematic review of the last decade adhered to the PRISMA methodology. It examined 74 cutting-edge studies on the impact of NMs used as nanofertilizers for germination, plant growth, and abiotic stress alleviation, as nanopesticides, and the risks of NMs as toxic agents. We observed that NM-effects can be limited by influencing factors such as size, chemical composition, oxidation state, shape, surface chemistry, delivery system, exposure time, and concentration. Concentration might interplay with the exposure time, which is a crucial factor influencing the hormetic behavior of NMs in maize. NMs based on Zn, Ti, Ag, Fe, Mg, Se, and HA enhance imbibition and nutrient uptake, promoting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, and stimulating metabolic activity. In growth, NMs can up-regulate genes associated with essential metabolic processes, and the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stress has also been observed. This summary provides crucial insights into the role of nanotechnology in optimizing maize production. However, it also highlights the need for further research to fully understand this role, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for future studies in this rapidly evolving field.

玉米（Zea mays）是全球的主要作物，纳米技术的应用在提高玉米生长、抗逆性和产量方面具有很大的前景。虽然各种研究已经报道了几种金属、类金属和非金属基纳米材料（NMs）对玉米的影响，但它们的益处、风险和影响因素的全部程度仍有待充分了解。这项对过去十年的系统审查遵循了PRISMA的方法。它审查了74项前沿研究，这些研究涉及纳米农药作为纳米肥料对发芽、植物生长和非生物胁迫缓解的影响，以及纳米农药作为有毒物质的风险。我们观察到纳米效应可以受到诸如尺寸、化学成分、氧化态、形状、表面化学、输送系统、暴露时间和浓度等影响因素的限制。浓度与暴露时间之间存在交互作用，是影响玉米耐硝性的重要因素。基于Zn、Ti、Ag、Fe、Mg、Se和HA的NMs增强了吸胀和养分吸收，促进了活性氧（ROS）的产生，并刺激了代谢活性。在生长过程中，NMs可以上调与必需代谢过程相关的基因，并且还可以缓解非生物和生物胁迫。这一综述为纳米技术在优化玉米生产中的作用提供了重要的见解。然而，它也强调了进一步研究的必要性，以充分了解这一作用，确定研究空白，并为这一快速发展的领域的未来研究提出方向。

{"title":"A decade of nanotechnology in maize (Zea mays): Benefits, risks, and future directions","authors":"Ezequiel García-Locascio , Arturo A. Keller , Pabel Cervantes-Avilés","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2026.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) is a staple crop globally, and the application of nanotechnology holds great promise in enhancing maize growth, resilience, and yield. While various studies have reported the effects of several metallic, metalloid, and non-metallic-based nanomaterials (NMs) in maize, the full extent of their benefits, risks, and influencing factors remains to be fully understood. This systematic review of the last decade adhered to the PRISMA methodology. It examined 74 cutting-edge studies on the impact of NMs used as nanofertilizers for germination, plant growth, and abiotic stress alleviation, as nanopesticides, and the risks of NMs as toxic agents. We observed that NM-effects can be limited by influencing factors such as size, chemical composition, oxidation state, shape, surface chemistry, delivery system, exposure time, and concentration. Concentration might interplay with the exposure time, which is a crucial factor influencing the hormetic behavior of NMs in maize. NMs based on Zn, Ti, Ag, Fe, Mg, Se, and HA enhance imbibition and nutrient uptake, promoting Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, and stimulating metabolic activity. In growth, NMs can up-regulate genes associated with essential metabolic processes, and the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stress has also been observed. This summary provides crucial insights into the role of nanotechnology in optimizing maize production. However, it also highlights the need for further research to fully understand this role, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for future studies in this rapidly evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smart delivery of auxin: Lignin nanoparticles promote efficient and safer vascular development in crop species 生长素的智能传递：木质素纳米颗粒促进作物物种中高效和安全的维管发育

IF 7.7

Plant Nano Biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plana.2025.100226

Rodrigo Faleiro , Marcelo Rodrigo Pace , Magda Andréia Tessmer , Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira , Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto , Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer

Xylem is a key tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients while also providing mechanical support to plants. Its development and function are tightly regulated by plant growth regulators (PGRs), particularly auxins. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced promising strategies to modulate plant physiological processes, including the use of nanoparticles that enable controlled PGR release. Among these, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are of special interest due to their biodegradability and high encapsulation efficiency. Here, we investigated the effects of foliar application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), delivered either in free form and nanoencapsulated within LNPs (LNP–IAA), on xylem tissue development in cherry tomato (a eudicot) and wheat (a monocot). Treatments were applied at 10 and 25 days after sowing, followed by daily qualitative and quantitative assessments of xylem tissue using light microscopy on stem cross-sections. To track the presence of LNPs within vascular tissues, confocal microscopy with fluorochrome-labeled LNPs was employed. Quantitative data were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLMs), correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Our results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation preserves and modulates auxin activity, reducing phytotoxic effects observed at higher concentrations. Notably, empty LNPs also elicited biological responses, indicating intrinsic effects of the nanocarrier itself. The responses were species-specific and concentration-dependent, with the highest efficacy observed at 0.05 µg mL⁻¹ in cherry tomato and 100 µg mL⁻¹ in wheat. Application frequency and plant developmental stage also significantly affected the uptake and utilization of the delivered compound. Importantly, we confirmed the presence of LNPs in stem xylem tissue as early as 1 h after foliar application in both species. Overall, this study highlights the potential of LNPs as sustainable nanocarriers for targeted modulation of vascular development, opening new avenues for xylem bioengineering and growth optimization across divergent plant lineages.

木质部是植物输送水分和养分的关键组织，同时也为植物提供机械支持。其发育和功能受到植物生长调节剂（pgr），特别是生长素的严格调控。纳米技术的最新进展已经引入了有前途的策略来调节植物的生理过程，包括使用纳米颗粒来控制PGR的释放。其中，木质素纳米颗粒（LNPs）由于其生物降解性和高包封效率而受到特别关注。本研究研究了叶面施用吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）对樱桃番茄和小麦木质部组织发育的影响，IAA分别以游离形式和纳米包封在LNPs中（LNP-IAA）。分别在播种后10天和25天进行处理，随后每天使用光镜对茎截面的木质部组织进行定性和定量评估。为了追踪血管组织中LNPs的存在，使用荧光标记LNPs的共聚焦显微镜。定量数据采用广义线性模型（GLMs）、相关分析和主成分分析（PCA）进行分析。我们的研究结果表明，纳米胶囊可以保存和调节生长素的活性，降低高浓度生长素的植物毒性作用。值得注意的是，空LNPs也引起了生物反应，表明纳米载体本身的内在作用。这种反应具有物种特异性和浓度依赖性，在樱桃番茄中观察到的最高效果为0.05 µg mL⁻¹ ，在小麦中观察到的最高效果为100 µg mL⁻¹ 。施用频率和植物发育阶段对所施化合物的吸收和利用也有显著影响。重要的是，我们证实了LNPs早在叶面施用后1 h就在两种植物的茎木质部组织中存在。总之，本研究突出了LNPs作为靶向调控维管发育的可持续纳米载体的潜力，为木质部生物工程和不同植物系的生长优化开辟了新的途径。

{"title":"Smart delivery of auxin: Lignin nanoparticles promote efficient and safer vascular development in crop species","authors":"Rodrigo Faleiro , Marcelo Rodrigo Pace , Magda Andréia Tessmer , Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira , Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto , Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plana.2025.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Xylem is a key tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients while also providing mechanical support to plants. Its development and function are tightly regulated by plant growth regulators (PGRs), particularly auxins. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced promising strategies to modulate plant physiological processes, including the use of nanoparticles that enable controlled PGR release. Among these, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are of special interest due to their biodegradability and high encapsulation efficiency. Here, we investigated the effects of foliar application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), delivered either in free form and nanoencapsulated within LNPs (LNP–IAA), on xylem tissue development in cherry tomato (a eudicot) and wheat (a monocot). Treatments were applied at 10 and 25 days after sowing, followed by daily qualitative and quantitative assessments of xylem tissue using light microscopy on stem cross-sections. To track the presence of LNPs within vascular tissues, confocal microscopy with fluorochrome-labeled LNPs was employed. Quantitative data were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLMs), correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Our results demonstrate that nanoencapsulation preserves and modulates auxin activity, reducing phytotoxic effects observed at higher concentrations. Notably, empty LNPs also elicited biological responses, indicating intrinsic effects of the nanocarrier itself. The responses were species-specific and concentration-dependent, with the highest efficacy observed at 0.05 µg mL⁻¹ in cherry tomato and 100 µg mL⁻¹ in wheat. Application frequency and plant developmental stage also significantly affected the uptake and utilization of the delivered compound. Importantly, we confirmed the presence of LNPs in stem xylem tissue as early as 1 h after foliar application in both species. Overall, this study highlights the potential of LNPs as sustainable nanocarriers for targeted modulation of vascular development, opening new avenues for xylem bioengineering and growth optimization across divergent plant lineages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101029,"journal":{"name":"Plant Nano Biology","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0