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Multimodal Skills, but Not Motor Skills, Predict Narrative and Expressive Pragmatic Skills in Children With Typical Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders 多模态技能,而不是运动技能,预测典型发育和神经发育障碍儿童的叙述和表达语用技能。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.70015
Júlia Florit-Pons, Mariia Pronina, Alfonso Igualada, Pilar Prieto, Courtenay Norbury

To see whether communicative-based multimodal skills (compared to non-communicative motor skills) predicted complex language skills, this study examined the predictive power of multimodal and motor skills on narrative and expressive pragmatic abilities across two groups. Participants were children with typical development (N = 88, Mage = 5.34, 48% female) and with neurodevelopmental disorders (N = 51, Mage = 5.01, 25% female) mostly of white ethnicity (86.3%). We evaluated children's multimodal accuracy, motor skills, core language skills, and narrative and pragmatic skills. Results revealed that, in all groups, both multimodal skills and core language significantly predicted narrative (R2 = 0.569) and pragmatic skills (R2 = 0.621), while motor skills did not. These findings highlight the relevance of multimodality in the assessment of children's complex language skills.

为了了解基于交际的多模态技能(与非交际的运动技能相比)是否能预测复杂的语言技能,本研究考察了两组中多模态和运动技能对叙事和表达语用能力的预测能力。参与者为典型发育儿童(N = 88, Mage = 5.34,女性占48%)和神经发育障碍儿童(N = 51, Mage = 5.01,女性占25%),主要为白人(86.3%)。我们评估了儿童的多模态准确性、运动技能、核心语言技能、叙述和语用技能。结果显示,在所有组中,多模态技能和核心语言均显著预测叙事(R2 = 0.569)和语用技能(R2 = 0.621),而运动技能无显著预测。这些发现强调了多模态在儿童复杂语言技能评估中的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
The Comprehensive Assessment of Theory of Mind (CAT): A Novel Measure of 3- to 8-Year-Old Children's Theory of Mind and an Evaluation of Mental-State Scaling 心理理论综合评估:一种3 - 8岁儿童心理理论的新测量方法和心理状态量表的评价
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14263
Megan J. Heise, Lindsay C. Bowman

This study describes a novel measure of children's Theory of Mind (ToM) development—called the Comprehensive Assessment of ToM (CAT)—that addresses limitations in existing ToM measures. This behavioral measure includes three–six items each about diverse desires, diverse beliefs, knowledge access, knowledge expertise, false belief, and visual perspective taking, as well as nonsocial representational reasoning (i.e., false-sign). All items include a prediction, explanation, and general comprehension question. The measure is psychometrically valid and robust in 3- to 8-year-old children (n = 206; 104 boys; 101 girls; 1 gender fluid; 37.7% White non-Hispanic). Children's performance replicates prior findings with the commonly used Wellman and Liu (2004) ToM scale, but also reveals a novel and nuanced pattern of mental-state scaling over early to middle childhood.

这项研究描述了一种新的儿童心智理论(ToM)发展的测量方法——称为心智理论综合评估(CAT)——它解决了现有心智理论测量方法的局限性。这一行为测量包括3 - 6个项目,每个项目涉及不同的欲望、不同的信念、知识获取、知识专长、错误信念和视觉视角,以及非社会表征推理(即错误符号)。所有项目包括预测、解释和一般理解问题。该测量方法在3 - 8岁儿童中具有心理测量学上的有效性和稳健性(n = 206;104个男孩;101个女孩;1性别液;37.7%白人,非西班牙裔)。儿童的表现重复了之前常用的Wellman和Liu (2004) ToM量表的研究结果,但也揭示了儿童早期到中期心理状态量表的一种新颖而微妙的模式。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic Extraction of Meaning From Visual Number Symbols Detected by Frequency-Tagged EEG in Children 儿童频率标记脑电图检测的视觉数字符号的意义自动提取
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.70002
Amandine Van Rinsveld, Christine Schiltz

Acquiring robust semantic representations of numbers is crucial for math achievement. However, the learning stage where magnitude becomes automatically elicited by number symbols (i.e., digits from 1 to 9) remains unknown due to the difficulty to measure automatic semantic processing. We used a frequency-tagging EEG paradigm targeting automatic magnitude processing in children (N = 33, 5–10-year-old, predominantly of White or Mixed ethnicity). A stream of digits (1–9) was presented at 10 Hz with small digits as standards, and large digits as deviants at 1.25 Hz (and the reverse). Frequency-tagged responses to the deviants show that magnitude is a salient semantic feature associated with digits in long-term memory. Automatic access to magnitude can be measured with EEG in children at the end of preschool.

获得稳健的数字语义表示对数学成绩至关重要。然而,由于难以测量自动语义处理,数字符号(即从1到9的数字)自动引出大小的学习阶段仍然未知。我们在儿童(N = 33, 5-10岁,主要是白人或混血儿)中使用了频率标记EEG范式,目标是自动幅度处理。一串数字(1-9)以10 Hz的频率呈现,其中小数字为标准,大数字为1.25 Hz的偏差(反之亦然)。频率标记对偏差的反应表明,幅度是长期记忆中与数字相关的显著语义特征。在学龄前结束时,可以用脑电图测量自动获取幅度。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Maturity of Encoding States Supports Gains to Memory Precision in Childhood 编码状态的神经成熟支持儿童记忆精度的提高
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.70003
Sagana Vijayarajah, Margaret L. Schlichting

Despite substantial improvements to memory precision in childhood, the neural mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, 40 children (7–9 years; 22 females, 18 males; majority White) and 42 adults (24–35 years; 22 females, 20 males; majority White) modulated their approaches to memory formation—focusing on the specific details to encourage precision or general category to encourage imprecision. Children and adults alike formed more precise memories under the specific task, yet adults' neural states were more cohesive as a group than were children's. Moreover, children's adoption of an adult-like neural approach explained age-related gains in memory precision (β = 0.08). Development unfolds as children—initially varying in their memory control—eventually adopt an adult-like approach that benefits memory precision around age 9.

尽管儿童时期的记忆精度有了实质性的提高,但这些变化背后的神经机制仍不清楚。这里有40名儿童(7-9岁;女性22人,男性18人;多数为白人)和42名成年人(24-35岁;女性22人,男性20人;大多数人(白人)调整了他们形成记忆的方法——专注于具体细节以鼓励精确,或者专注于一般类别以鼓励不精确。在特定的任务下,儿童和成人都能形成更精确的记忆,但成年人的神经状态作为一个群体比儿童更有凝聚力。此外,儿童采用类似成人的神经方法解释了与年龄相关的记忆精度增益(β = 0.08)。随着孩子们的发展——最初在记忆控制方面有所不同——最终在9岁左右采用了类似成人的方法,这有利于记忆的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Six-Year-Olds, but Not Younger Children, Consider the Probability of Being Right by Chance When Inferring Others' Knowledge 六岁的孩子,而不是更小的孩子,在推断别人的知识时考虑偶然正确的可能性。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14265
Rosie Aboody, Julianna Lu, Stephanie Denison, Julian Jara-Ettinger

When determining what others know, we intuitively consider not only whether they succeed but also their probability of success in the absence of knowledge (e.g., random guessing). Across three experiments (n = 240 North American 4–6-year-olds, data collected between 2020–2023) we find that 4-year-olds understand that tasks with a lower probability of chance success are harder. However, it is not until age 6 that children use this understanding to gauge (Experiment 1) and infer (Experiments 2–3) what others know. These results suggest that, although basic probabilistic reasoning and representations of knowledge are well in place by age 4, children do not integrate the two to make mental-state inferences until much later, pointing to an area of important developmental change in Theory of Mind.

在确定别人知道什么时,我们不仅会直观地考虑他们是否成功,还会考虑他们在缺乏知识的情况下成功的概率(例如,随机猜测)。在三个实验中(n = 240名北美4-6岁儿童,数据收集于2020-2023年之间),我们发现4岁的孩子明白,成功几率较低的任务更难。然而,直到6岁,孩子们才会用这种理解来衡量(实验1)和推断(实验2-3)别人知道什么。这些结果表明,尽管基本的概率推理和知识表征在4岁时就已经很好地形成了,但孩子们直到很晚才会将这两者结合起来进行心理状态推断,这表明了心智理论中一个重要的发展变化领域。
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引用次数: 0
Sibling-Focused Family Prevention With Latinx Siblings in Middle Childhood: A Randomized Clinical Trial Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic 儿童中期以兄弟姐妹为中心的拉丁裔家庭预防:一项跨越COVID - 19大流行的随机临床试验
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14257
Kimberly A. Updegraff, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Annabella Gallagher, Karina M. Cahill, Daye Son, Julissa G. Duran, Daniel Jose Sanchez, Mark E. Feinberg, Damon E. Jones

This pre-registered randomized clinical trial examined the efficacy of a prevention program on parenting of siblings and sibling relationships among Latinxs. Participants were 272 sibling dyads (82.9% Mexican) with 5th graders (Mage = 10.63; SD = 0.38; 51.8% female), their younger siblings in 1st to 4th grades (Mage = 8.18; SD = 1.06; 54.8% female), and their caregivers. Families were randomized to Siblings Are Special (SIBS; n = 161) or an alternative academic skills program (n = 111). Data were collected pre- and post-program (2018–2022). Significant effects were detected for sibling-focused parenting in the expected direction for authoritarian control and non-intervention in sibling conflicts, but there were no effects for sibling relationship quality. Implications of COVID-19 and future directions are discussed.

这项预先注册的随机临床试验检验了预防项目对拉丁裔兄弟姐妹养育和兄弟姐妹关系的效果。参与者是272对兄弟姐妹二人组(82.9%是墨西哥人),他们是五年级学生(Mage = 10.63;Sd = 0.38;51.8%的女性),1至4年级的弟妹(法师= 8.18;Sd = 1.06;(54.8%为女性),以及她们的照顾者。家庭被随机分配到特殊兄弟姐妹组(SIBS;N = 161)或另一个学术技能项目(N = 111)。数据收集于项目前和项目后(2018-2022年)。在专制控制和不干预兄弟姐妹冲突的预期方向上,以兄弟姐妹为中心的养育方式发现了显著的影响,但对兄弟姐妹关系质量没有影响。讨论了COVID - 19的影响和未来的发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
School Outness, Bias-Based Bullying, and Bias-Based Cyberbullying Across Europe 在整个欧洲,学校外出、基于偏见的欺凌和基于偏见的网络欺凌。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14266
S. Henry Sherwood, Alberto Amadori, Stephen T. Russell, Salvatore Ioverno

This study examined school outness, school climate, and country inclusivity to assess their associations with bias-based bullying and cyberbullying among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) in Europe in 2020–2021 (N = 12,764; Mage = 16.07; 69% female; 43% cisgender girls; 31% bisexual). Outness was positively related to bias-based bullying (β = 0.10, R2 = 0.21) and cyberbullying (β = 0.04, R2 = 0.15). Interaction results indicate that in less inclusive countries, outness remained significantly associated with both forms of bullying. However, effect sizes were lower when school safety and peer support were high compared to when they were low. In less inclusive countries, school efforts to promote safety and peer support can reduce bullying experiences for out SGMY.

本研究考察了2020-2021年欧洲性和性别少数群体青年(SGMY)的学校外出率、学校气候和国家包容性,以评估它们与基于偏见的欺凌和网络欺凌之间的关系(N = 12,764;法师= 16.07;69%的女性;43%为顺性别女孩;31%双性恋)。外向性与基于偏见的欺凌(β = 0.10, R2 = 0.21)和网络欺凌(β = 0.04, R2 = 0.15)呈正相关。互动结果表明,在包容性较低的国家,外向性与两种形式的欺凌仍然显著相关。然而,当学校安全和同伴支持水平高时,效应值要低于它们水平低时。在包容性较低的国家,学校为促进安全和同伴支持所做的努力可以减少我们SGMY的欺凌经历。
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引用次数: 0
Parental Social Comparison Shaming Hinders Chinese Adolescents' Presence of Life Meaning Through Thwarting Satisfaction of Need for Competence, Especially for Those Endorsing Reciprocal Filial Piety 父母社会比较羞耻感通过阻碍能力需求的满足而阻碍了中国青少年生命意义的存在,特别是对那些赞同互惠孝道的青少年。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.70000
Hongjian Cao, Nan Zhou, Yuhan Wang, Yang Liu

Using three-wave data from 962 Chinese adolescents (45.1% boys, Mage = 12.369, SD = 0.699 at T1, September 2022), this study examined the link between parental social comparison shaming and adolescents' life meaning, with adolescents' satisfaction of need for competence tested as a mediator and filial piety tested as a moderator. Parental social comparison shaming (T1) was negatively associated with adolescents' presence of life meaning (T3, September 2023, controlling for baseline) through a negative association with adolescents' satisfaction of competence need (T2, March 2023, controlling for baseline). The link between social comparison shaming and satisfaction of competence need was more pronounced among adolescents with higher (versus lower) reciprocal filial piety. The identified indirect effect was also stronger among adolescents with higher (versus lower) reciprocal filial piety.

本研究利用962名中国青少年(45.1%为男生,Mage = 12.369, SD = 0.699,截至2022年9月1日)的三波数据,考察了父母社会比较羞耻与青少年生活意义之间的关系,其中青少年能力需求满足是中介变量,孝道是调节变量。父母社会比较羞耻(T1)与青少年生活意义存在负相关(T3, 2023年9月,基线控制),与青少年能力需要满足负相关(T2, 2023年3月,基线控制)。社会比较羞耻感与能力需求满足之间的联系在孝顺程度较高(相对较低)的青少年中更为明显。在相互孝顺程度较高(相对较低)的青少年中,所确定的间接效应也更强。
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引用次数: 0
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Fathers' Food Parenting Practices and Children's Diets 父亲饮食、育儿实践和儿童饮食中的种族和民族差异。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.70001
Yilin Wang, Brian K. Lo, In Young Park, Katherine W. Bauer, Kirsten K. Davison, Jess Haines, Rebekah Levine Coley

Racial and ethnic disparities in children's diets are prevalent. Little is known about how fathers' food parenting practices may contribute to these disparities. We examined racial and ethnic variations in food parenting practices and their associations with 2–6-year-old children's diets in a cross-sectional sample of U.S. fathers surveyed in 2021–2023 (N = 1015; 16% Asian, 9% Black, 6% Hispanic, 70% White; Mage = 37 years) using path analysis. Fathers' food parenting practices were significantly associated with children's diets, yet little evidence emerged that fathers' food parenting practices explained racial and ethnic disparities in children's diets. These findings suggest the potential importance of structural constraints on healthy eating (e.g., access to healthy food) among minoritized children beyond fathers' food parenting practices.

儿童饮食中的种族和民族差异是普遍存在的。关于父亲的食物养育方式如何导致这些差异,我们知之甚少。在2021-2023年接受调查的美国父亲的横断面样本中,我们研究了食物养育实践的种族和民族差异及其与2-6岁儿童饮食的关系(N = 1015;16%亚洲人,9%黑人,6%西班牙人,70%白人;法师= 37年)使用路径分析。父亲的饮食习惯与孩子的饮食习惯有着显著的联系,但几乎没有证据表明父亲的饮食习惯可以解释孩子饮食上的种族和民族差异。这些发现表明,对少数族裔儿童健康饮食(例如获取健康食品)的结构性限制可能比父亲的食物养育方式更重要。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal Trajectories of Aperiodic EEG Activity in Early to Middle Childhood 儿童早期至中期非周期性脑电图活动的纵向轨迹。
IF 3.8 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14261
Dashiell D. Sacks, Viviane Valdes, Carol L. Wilkinson, April R. Levin, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow

Aperiodic electroencephalography (EEG) activity is hypothesized to index biological mechanisms that underpin brain functioning. This longitudinal study characterized the developmental trajectories of the aperiodic slope (i.e., aperiodic exponent) and offset from infancy to 7 years of age in a US community sample (N = 391, 46.5% female, predominantly White; data collection 2013-2023). The study further examined whether differential developmental trajectories resulted in differential associations between child aperiodic activity and maternal anxiety symptoms. Developmental trajectories for slope and offset were nonlinear and characterized by relative increases in early childhood and a subsequent decrease or stabilization by Age 7, with variation by brain region and sex. Maternal anxiety was negatively associated with slope at 3 years and positively associated with slope at 7 years. Implications for child brain development are discussed.

非周期脑电图(EEG)活动被假设为指示支撑脑功能的生物学机制。这项纵向研究描述了美国社区样本(N = 391, 46.5%女性,以白人为主;数据收集2013-2023年)。该研究进一步调查了不同的发育轨迹是否导致儿童非周期性活动与母亲焦虑症状之间的差异关联。倾斜和偏移的发展轨迹是非线性的,其特点是在儿童早期相对增加,随后在7岁时减少或稳定,随大脑区域和性别的变化而变化。母亲焦虑与3岁时的斜率负相关,与7岁时的斜率正相关。讨论了对儿童大脑发育的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Child development
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