Child development最新文献

Learning to capitalize in English requires identifying a word's type and sentence position. In two cloze studies (2021–2022), Australian students of all genders (95% White, monolingual) spelled words with one and two capitalization cues (proper nouns, sentence-initial words) and no-cue control words. High school (12–18 years, n = 59) and university students (18–63 years, n = 78) exhibited near-perfect capitalization. Primary school students (8–12 years) writing single words (n = 99) used proper-noun cues more than sentence-initial cues (ds > 0.49), but when writing consecutive words (n = 101), capitalized more accurately with two cues than one (ds > 0.32). Early capitalization appears better with more cues, but task format influences children's use of grammatical context.

Using three-wave longitudinal data of 554 Chinese youth (mean age = 13.35 years; 50% girls; T1 = July 2020, T2 = January 2021, T3 = July 2021), this study examined how youth's views of teens regarding family obligation predict their academic functioning and relationship with parents, with attention to the mediating role of youth's sense of responsibility to parents. Results showed that views of teens regarding family obligation predicted youth's greater academic delay of gratification, motivational response to academic failure, and attachment security to mother and father over time. Importantly, youth's sense of responsibility to parents mediated the longitudinal associations between views of teens and their academic and social adjustment. Taken together, the findings elucidate why and how views of teens matter for positive youth development in a culturally sensitive manner.

Previous studies employing cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) found mixed results regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation. CLPMs have been criticized for leading to erroneous causal inference in certain situations. Two datasets were analyzed regarding reciprocal relations between competence beliefs and intrinsic motivation with the alternative random-intercept cross-laged panel models (RI-CLPMs). One dataset contained 670 2nd to 3rd grade students (M = 8.80 years old, 98% white, 55.7% female) and the second dataset contained 542 2nd to 4th grade students (M = 7.96 years old, 76.7% native German speakers, no information on ethnicity, 50.2% female) in Germany. The results revealed little to no evidence for reciprocal relations between the constructs.

Examination of the effectiveness of an attention intervention using a randomized controlled trial for toddlers with suspected or confirmed autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data was collected from Alberta, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, Canada between February 2018 and February 2020 (halted due to COVID-19 pandemic). Participants were 35 toddlers randomized to the attention condition (age at start: 25.49 + 3.91 months; 29 boys; mother’s ethnicity: 65% white) and 34 toddlers randomized to a control condition. (age at start: 26.32 + 3.55 months; 24 boys; mother’s ethnicity: 29% white). The results suggest that the attentional skills can be improved by a computer-based attention intervention, which in turn affects behavior observed in a real-world setting.

Following a transgression, forgiveness can restore power imbalances and repair damaged bonds, helping maintain important relationships. Yet, we know little about which kinds of responses to transgression best foster forgiveness. Across two studies, with 5- to 9-year-olds in the United States (N = 302; 159 female, 64.2% White, tested in 2022 and 2023), we explore children's evaluations of intervention strategies and their expectations of forgiveness by victims. Our key manipulations were intervention type (compensation, punishment, pardoning, or doing nothing) and intervener role (authority figure, peer, or victim responder; Study 2 only). Our findings show that children's expectations of forgiveness and evaluations depend on who intervenes and how, shedding new light on the relationship between justice-oriented interventions and forgiveness in childhood.

Home math interventions often incorporate informational priming—explicit prompts emphasizing parental math input. While effective in increasing math talk, its impact on child outcome is mixed. This study examined how informational priming shapes the content and dynamic of math interactions. In year 2023, 122 Chinese parent–child dyads ($��M_{�\text{ChildAge}�\_�\text{Years}�}�$ = 5.25, 52% girls) participated in a business-as-usual play session, followed 2 weeks later by another session after parents were briefed on math talk importance. Parents increased math talk quantity and diversity but provided less autonomy support and exerted more control (large effects). Meanwhile, children were more frequently disengaged (medium effect). The findings reveal trade-offs, highlighting the need to balance increased math input with motivational support to foster children's math development.