Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.008
Lingzhi Ni, Jingwei Zheng, Yu Zhu, Longfei Jiang
Objective: To use Rasch analysis to analyze and refine the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL). Methods: The CLVQOL was completed by 189 low vision patients who attended the Low Vision & Vision Rehabilitation Center of the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017. Mean age of the patients was 40.9±20.2 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.6:1. Based on the score for each item, Rasch analysis was performed on CLVQOL using the following steps: Dimensionality, response ordering, local dependence, infit and outfit analyses, differential item functioning, and subject targeting by using the Winsteps software version 3.72.2. Results: The CLVQOL contains four subscales. The eigen value of first contrast showed that the unexplained responses in each dimension are all around 2; the single-dimension test is still acceptable. Response ordering in each subscale showed options 2 and 4 were not clearly separated from their adjacent options. No notable local dependence was found for any subscale. According to the results of fit analysis, the mean square infit value of Q24 was 1.55, the mean square outfit value of Q24 was 1.58, both out of the range of 0.60 to 1.40. Differential item functioning was noted for sex on Q24, with a contrast difference >5. Analysis of targeting indicated relatively poor matches. The mean person in each dimension was higher than the mean item except on subscale 3, and the test information of each dimension was relatively narrow. Conclusion: The Rasch analysis of the CLVQOL shows that CLVQOL has a good degree of reliability and validity, but the option response to each item must redesigned to fit Chinese low vision patients according to their socioeconomic status. Key words: Rasch analysis; Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire; low vision; subscale
{"title":"Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire Using Rasch Analysis","authors":"Lingzhi Ni, Jingwei Zheng, Yu Zhu, Longfei Jiang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To use Rasch analysis to analyze and refine the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000The CLVQOL was completed by 189 low vision patients who attended the Low Vision & Vision Rehabilitation Center of the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University from January 2017 to December 2017. Mean age of the patients was 40.9±20.2 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.6:1. Based on the score for each item, Rasch analysis was performed on CLVQOL using the following steps: Dimensionality, response ordering, local dependence, infit and outfit analyses, differential item functioning, and subject targeting by using the Winsteps software version 3.72.2. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000The CLVQOL contains four subscales. The eigen value of first contrast showed that the unexplained responses in each dimension are all around 2; the single-dimension test is still acceptable. Response ordering in each subscale showed options 2 and 4 were not clearly separated from their adjacent options. No notable local dependence was found for any subscale. According to the results of fit analysis, the mean square infit value of Q24 was 1.55, the mean square outfit value of Q24 was 1.58, both out of the range of 0.60 to 1.40. Differential item functioning was noted for sex on Q24, with a contrast difference >5. Analysis of targeting indicated relatively poor matches. The mean person in each dimension was higher than the mean item except on subscale 3, and the test information of each dimension was relatively narrow. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000The Rasch analysis of the CLVQOL shows that CLVQOL has a good degree of reliability and validity, but the option response to each item must redesigned to fit Chinese low vision patients according to their socioeconomic status. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Rasch analysis; Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire; low vision; subscale","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"7 1","pages":"842-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79373315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.011
Cuixia Li, Junhua Hao
Objective: To analyze the data of femtosecond laser small incision corneal stroma lens extractions (SMILE) performed in Aiyan Ophthalmology Hospital, summarize the intraopearative and postoperative complications and treatment. Methods: From January 2018 to November 2018, SMILE surgery was performed on 515 cases (1015 eyes) of myopia or astigmatism in Aiyan Ophthalmology Hospital in this retrospective series of case studies. A retrospective analysis of the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was performed. Results: The overall incidence of complications was 7.88%, of which 2 eyes (0.19%) were negatively affected by negative pressure, scans showed 3 eyes (0.29%) had black areas, 12 eyes (1.18%) had an incision tear, in 7 eyes (0.68%) the corneal stroma lens was difficult to find, 5 eyes (0.49%) had a residual lens, 32 eyes (3.10%) had an epithelial defect from the incision, 5 eyes (0.49%) had bleeding in the incision area, 10 eyes (0.98%) had diffuse lamellar keratitis, 1 eye (0.09%) had an intersegmental epithelial implantation, and 3 eyes (0.29%) had the remains of foreign matter under the corneal cap. Vision was restored after appropriate treatment for complications to achieve the best corrected visual acuity. Conclusion: SMILE surgery as a new type of corneal refractive surgery for the treatment of myopic astigmatism has few complications. Effective prevention and treatment of intraoperative and postoperative complications is essential for surgical safety. Key words: femtosecond laser small incision corneal stroma lens extraction; complications; prevention
{"title":"Revention and Management of Complications in the Perioperative Period of SMILE","authors":"Cuixia Li, Junhua Hao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To analyze the data of femtosecond laser small incision corneal stroma lens extractions (SMILE) performed in Aiyan Ophthalmology Hospital, summarize the intraopearative and postoperative complications and treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000From January 2018 to November 2018, SMILE surgery was performed on 515 cases (1015 eyes) of myopia or astigmatism in Aiyan Ophthalmology Hospital in this retrospective series of case studies. A retrospective analysis of the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was performed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000The overall incidence of complications was 7.88%, of which 2 eyes (0.19%) were negatively affected by negative pressure, scans showed 3 eyes (0.29%) had black areas, 12 eyes (1.18%) had an incision tear, in 7 eyes (0.68%) the corneal stroma lens was difficult to find, 5 eyes (0.49%) had a residual lens, 32 eyes (3.10%) had an epithelial defect from the incision, 5 eyes (0.49%) had bleeding in the incision area, 10 eyes (0.98%) had diffuse lamellar keratitis, 1 eye (0.09%) had an intersegmental epithelial implantation, and 3 eyes (0.29%) had the remains of foreign matter under the corneal cap. Vision was restored after appropriate treatment for complications to achieve the best corrected visual acuity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000SMILE surgery as a new type of corneal refractive surgery for the treatment of myopic astigmatism has few complications. Effective prevention and treatment of intraoperative and postoperative complications is essential for surgical safety. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000femtosecond laser small incision corneal stroma lens extraction; complications; prevention","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"27 1","pages":"860-864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89753500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.003
Xiaocheng Ma, Y. Xing, Shuhong Jiang, W. Cui
Objective: To investigate the role of Th17, Th1 and regulatory T cell (Treg)-related pro-inflammatory cytokines on postoperative inflammation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. Serum from 32 children with JIA and 35 controls with congenital cataract in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from July 2013 to March 2018 were ennolled before surgery and 1, 7, 30 and 90 days after surgery, and aqueous humor (AqH) was collected at the commencement of surgery. Protein levels of inter leukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-27, IL-17 and IFN-gamma in serum and AqH were determined by the multiplexed immunoassay method. A laser flare-cell photometer was used to quantify intraocular inflammation. Repeated measurements of variance was used for statistical analysis of data. A Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the correlation between the protein levels of IL-6, IL-23, IFN-gamma in serum and AqHand intraocular inflammation in JIA patients. Results: Serum IL-1β (106±27 pg/ml), IL-6 (305±82 pg/ml), IL-10 (202±114 pg/ml), IL-23 (612±190 pg/ml), IL-27 (110±43 pg/ml) and IFN-gamma (172±43 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher in children with JIA when compared to control patients after the first day postoperatively, decreased rapidly, and attenuated gradually. AqH levels of the cytokines were below the detection level in children with JIA and controls. Notably, the following serum levels were strongly correlated with aqueous flare values in children with JIA: Serum IL-6 levels (r=0.085, P=0.002), serum IFN-gamma levels (r=0.741, P=0.021), serum IL-23 levels (r=0.622, P=0.028). Serum IL-6 levels (r=0.729, P=0.006), and serum IFN-gamma levels (r=0.669, P=0.019) correlated with aqueous cells. Serum IL-23 levels were not correlated with AqH in children with JIA (r=0.646, P=0.051). Conclusion: The increase in the number of Th17, Th1 and regulatory T cell related proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-gamma can reflect inflammation in JIA children's eyes after surgery. Serum IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-23 and IL-27 levels can be used to evaluate postoperative intraocular inflammation. Key words: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; uveitis; inflammatory; cytokine; multiplexed bead flow cytometry; cataract; surgery
{"title":"Serum Cytokine Profiles Associated with Intraocular Inflammation after Cataract Surgery in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis","authors":"Xiaocheng Ma, Y. Xing, Shuhong Jiang, W. Cui","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To investigate the role of Th17, Th1 and regulatory T cell (Treg)-related pro-inflammatory cytokines on postoperative inflammation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000This was a retrospective case-control study. Serum from 32 children with JIA and 35 controls with congenital cataract in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital from July 2013 to March 2018 were ennolled before surgery and 1, 7, 30 and 90 days after surgery, and aqueous humor (AqH) was collected at the commencement of surgery. Protein levels of inter leukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-27, IL-17 and IFN-gamma in serum and AqH were determined by the multiplexed immunoassay method. A laser flare-cell photometer was used to quantify intraocular inflammation. Repeated measurements of variance was used for statistical analysis of data. A Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to evaluate the correlation between the protein levels of IL-6, IL-23, IFN-gamma in serum and AqHand intraocular inflammation in JIA patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000Serum IL-1β (106±27 pg/ml), IL-6 (305±82 pg/ml), IL-10 (202±114 pg/ml), IL-23 (612±190 pg/ml), IL-27 (110±43 pg/ml) and IFN-gamma (172±43 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher in children with JIA when compared to control patients after the first day postoperatively, decreased rapidly, and attenuated gradually. AqH levels of the cytokines were below the detection level in children with JIA and controls. Notably, the following serum levels were strongly correlated with aqueous flare values in children with JIA: Serum IL-6 levels (r=0.085, P=0.002), serum IFN-gamma levels (r=0.741, P=0.021), serum IL-23 levels (r=0.622, P=0.028). Serum IL-6 levels (r=0.729, P=0.006), and serum IFN-gamma levels (r=0.669, P=0.019) correlated with aqueous cells. Serum IL-23 levels were not correlated with AqH in children with JIA (r=0.646, P=0.051). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000The increase in the number of Th17, Th1 and regulatory T cell related proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-gamma can reflect inflammation in JIA children's eyes after surgery. Serum IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-23 and IL-27 levels can be used to evaluate postoperative intraocular inflammation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000juvenile idiopathic arthritis; uveitis; inflammatory; cytokine; multiplexed bead flow cytometry; cataract; surgery","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"27 1","pages":"813-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82649397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.005
R. Shi, Wei Zhao, Ze-Hong Dong, Lijuan Sun, Xueting Chen, Lirong Dong, Jie Feng
Objective: To investigate and analyze the difference in angle Kappa measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout in refractive surgery patients. Methods: One hundred ninety-six eyes of 98 patients screened for refractive surgery were enrolled in this case series study. Pupil diameters and angle Kappa expressed in rectangular coordinates were measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout. Data differences and correlation between the two examinations were compared and analyzed by a paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Pupil diameters measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout were 3.17±0.44 mm, 3.19±0.53 mm (right eye), and 3.25±0.65 mm, 3.33±0.48 mm (left eye), respectively. The differences between the two instruments were not significant. The horizontal and vertical offset measured by the two instruments were not statistically different. There was a significant correlation in the offset of the angle Kappa measured by the two instruments (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of the right eye horizontal offset, right eye vertical offset, left eye horizontal offset, left eye vertical offset were 0.966, 0.969, 0.956 and 0.913, respectively. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference between angle Kappa measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout when pupil diameters are consistent. Both instruments can be used as a reference for the adjustment in angle Kappa in refractive surgery. Key words: Pentacam; Keratron Scout; pupil diameter; angle kappa
{"title":"Comparison of the Angle Kappa Measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout","authors":"R. Shi, Wei Zhao, Ze-Hong Dong, Lijuan Sun, Xueting Chen, Lirong Dong, Jie Feng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To investigate and analyze the difference in angle Kappa measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout in refractive surgery patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000One hundred ninety-six eyes of 98 patients screened for refractive surgery were enrolled in this case series study. Pupil diameters and angle Kappa expressed in rectangular coordinates were measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout. Data differences and correlation between the two examinations were compared and analyzed by a paired t test and Pearson correlation analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000Pupil diameters measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout were 3.17±0.44 mm, 3.19±0.53 mm (right eye), and 3.25±0.65 mm, 3.33±0.48 mm (left eye), respectively. The differences between the two instruments were not significant. The horizontal and vertical offset measured by the two instruments were not statistically different. There was a significant correlation in the offset of the angle Kappa measured by the two instruments (P<0.05). The correlation coefficients of the right eye horizontal offset, right eye vertical offset, left eye horizontal offset, left eye vertical offset were 0.966, 0.969, 0.956 and 0.913, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: \u0000There is no statistically significant difference between angle Kappa measured by Pentacam and Keratron Scout when pupil diameters are consistent. Both instruments can be used as a reference for the adjustment in angle Kappa in refractive surgery. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Pentacam; Keratron Scout; pupil diameter; angle kappa","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":"826-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81812856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.014
Qiu-jian Zhu, E. Song, P. Yu, Xiaosuo Liang
{"title":"Delayed Anterior Segment Toxicity Syndrome after PRL Implantation: A Case Report","authors":"Qiu-jian Zhu, E. Song, P. Yu, Xiaosuo Liang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"66 1","pages":"874-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76556444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.012
Liguang Bai, J. Xia
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological features, laboratory examination methods and results and prognosis of fungal keratitis, in order to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis review. The medical records of 412 cases (412 eyes) of fungal keratitis at Jizhong Energy Xingtai Mine Industrial Group General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were analyzed with Kruskal-wallis H and so on of for epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, etiology, diagnostic methods and results and prognosis, and the effect of treatment. Results: The peak period of fungal keratitis occurred in September to December, which accounted for 61.2% (252/412) of the annual total number of patients. The patients were mainly farmers, which accounted for 59.5% (245/412). One hundred eighty-five patients (44.9%) had an injury history related to plant injury, which was the primary cause, followed by non-plant injury in 86 patients (20.9%). The ratio of male to female was 1.82:1, the age was 14 to 81 years, the average age was 45.6±14.3 years, with 41-60 years accounting for 53.9% (222/412). The positive rate of fungal cultures was 88.8% (366/412), which was higher than the KOH wet-mount of 77.2% (318/412). The difference between the two detecting methods was statistically significant (χ2=31.14, P<0.001). The pathogenic bacteria were identified as follows: 167 cases (40.5%) of fusarium, 75 cases (18.2%) of alternaria genus, 62 cases (15.0%) of aspergillus genera, and 28 cases (6.9%) of penicillium. Typical clinical signs of fungal keratitis caused by mycelium moss were the most common (366 cases, 88.8%), followed by pseudopodia (224 cases, 54.4%) and hypopyon (111 cases, 26.9%). The differences in the severity classifications and prognosis of fungal keratitis caused by fusarium spp., alternaria spp., aspergillus spp. and penicilium spp. were statistically significant (Hc=40.676, P<0.001; Hc=40.109, P<0.001), and the disease classifications in fusarium and aspergillus were heavier than in alternaria and penicilliun. The prognosis was poor in alternaria and penicilliun. Conclusions: Fungal keratitis increases year by year, KOH wet-mount and fungal culture are effective diagnostic methods and fungal culture results are more reliable. In the first few pathogenic fungi, fungal keratitis caused by fusarium and aspergillus are serious, and the prognosis is not good, while cases of alternaria and penicillium are relatively mild with a good prognosis. Key words: fungal keratitis; epidemiology; clinical signs; species; prognosis
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Fungal Keratitis in 412 Patients","authors":"Liguang Bai, J. Xia","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To analyze the epidemiological features, laboratory examination methods and results and prognosis of fungal keratitis, in order to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000This was a retrospective analysis review. The medical records of 412 cases (412 eyes) of fungal keratitis at Jizhong Energy Xingtai Mine Industrial Group General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were analyzed with Kruskal-wallis H and so on of for epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs, etiology, diagnostic methods and results and prognosis, and the effect of treatment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000The peak period of fungal keratitis occurred in September to December, which accounted for 61.2% (252/412) of the annual total number of patients. The patients were mainly farmers, which accounted for 59.5% (245/412). One hundred eighty-five patients (44.9%) had an injury history related to plant injury, which was the primary cause, followed by non-plant injury in 86 patients (20.9%). The ratio of male to female was 1.82:1, the age was 14 to 81 years, the average age was 45.6±14.3 years, with 41-60 years accounting for 53.9% (222/412). The positive rate of fungal cultures was 88.8% (366/412), which was higher than the KOH wet-mount of 77.2% (318/412). The difference between the two detecting methods was statistically significant (χ2=31.14, P<0.001). The pathogenic bacteria were identified as follows: 167 cases (40.5%) of fusarium, 75 cases (18.2%) of alternaria genus, 62 cases (15.0%) of aspergillus genera, and 28 cases (6.9%) of penicillium. Typical clinical signs of fungal keratitis caused by mycelium moss were the most common (366 cases, 88.8%), followed by pseudopodia (224 cases, 54.4%) and hypopyon (111 cases, 26.9%). The differences in the severity classifications and prognosis of fungal keratitis caused by fusarium spp., alternaria spp., aspergillus spp. and penicilium spp. were statistically significant (Hc=40.676, P<0.001; Hc=40.109, P<0.001), and the disease classifications in fusarium and aspergillus were heavier than in alternaria and penicilliun. The prognosis was poor in alternaria and penicilliun. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: \u0000Fungal keratitis increases year by year, KOH wet-mount and fungal culture are effective diagnostic methods and fungal culture results are more reliable. In the first few pathogenic fungi, fungal keratitis caused by fusarium and aspergillus are serious, and the prognosis is not good, while cases of alternaria and penicillium are relatively mild with a good prognosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000fungal keratitis; epidemiology; clinical signs; species; prognosis","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"2 1","pages":"865-870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79577080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.013
Yun Wang, N. Fan, Xuyang Liu
Glaucoma is a type of optic neuropathy. It is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Its pathogenesis is unclear at this time. In recent years, with the development of a genome-wide association study (GWAS), family studies and functional studies, great progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis and complexity of glaucoma. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) accounts for about 70% of glaucomatous cases worldwide and the prevalence rate has been increasing. POAG has obvious genetic characteristics, but since it is a complex genetic pattern, only about 10% of the cases represent a typical Mendelian single gene inheritance, and the others may be the interaction of multiple genetic factors, or the result of the common effects of genetic and environmental factors. At present, more than 30 genes directly related to glaucoma have been identified. The encoding proteins are involved in a wide range of cell processes and biological systems, including the extracellular matrix, cytokine signal transduction, lipid metabolism membrane biology, cell differentiation, autophagy and eye development. This report intends to further the understanding of the internal relationship between glaucoma and genes and clarify its possible pathogenesis from several important biological processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress response, tumor necrosis factor-alpha signal pathway, autophagy regulation, TGF-beta signal pathway and others. Key words: primary open angle glaucoma; genes; pathogenesis; signal pathway
{"title":"Advances in Genetics and Pathogenesis in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma","authors":"Yun Wang, N. Fan, Xuyang Liu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is a type of optic neuropathy. It is the main cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Its pathogenesis is unclear at this time. In recent years, with the development of a genome-wide association study (GWAS), family studies and functional studies, great progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular basis and complexity of glaucoma. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) accounts for about 70% of glaucomatous cases worldwide and the prevalence rate has been increasing. POAG has obvious genetic characteristics, but since it is a complex genetic pattern, only about 10% of the cases represent a typical Mendelian single gene inheritance, and the others may be the interaction of multiple genetic factors, or the result of the common effects of genetic and environmental factors. At present, more than 30 genes directly related to glaucoma have been identified. The encoding proteins are involved in a wide range of cell processes and biological systems, including the extracellular matrix, cytokine signal transduction, lipid metabolism membrane biology, cell differentiation, autophagy and eye development. This report intends to further the understanding of the internal relationship between glaucoma and genes and clarify its possible pathogenesis from several important biological processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress response, tumor necrosis factor-alpha signal pathway, autophagy regulation, TGF-beta signal pathway and others. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000primary open angle glaucoma; genes; pathogenesis; signal pathway","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"25 1","pages":"796-800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83840304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.003
Hui Chen, Xinping Yu, D. Lin
Objective: To assess the reliability and relevance of a new test of inter-ocular suppression for children with amblyopia, as well as its sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. Methods: In this prospective study, inter-ocular suppression was measured quantitatively with polarized and neutral density filter lenses with visual targets both for near and distance, and then compared to the standard tests for suppression (Worth 4 dot, stereoacuity) in 29 amblyopic children (8.7±2.4 years) with strabismus, anisometropia, or a combination of both and 20 age-matched normal controls (8.0±1.9 years), from May 2014 to September 2017 in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. To evaluate the correlation between measurement results and clinical characteristics of children in the amblyopia group, a Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used for analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to assess its reliability, sensitivity and specificity. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of normal and amblyopic patients (Z=1.830, P=0.067; Z=0.653, P=0.514). Inter-ocular suppression with the Worth 4-dot test was used as the diagnostic criteria. The results showed that stronger inter-ocular suppression was found in amblyopes than in controls at both near (Z=2.974, P=0.003) and far distances (Z= 3.580, P<0.001). Using TNO and Optec 3500 as the diagnostic criteria, the results showed that stronger inter-ocular suppression was found in amblyopes than in controls at both near (Z=2.142, P=0.032) and far distances (Z=2.031, P=0.042). Inter-ocular suppression using the new test for diagnosis to distinguish between inhibition and non-inhibition showed the results were statistically significant for the diagnosis of differential inhibition and no inhibition. The results for the diagnostic criteria for the Worth 4-dot detection were: Near: AUC=0.824, 95%CI: 0.672-0.975, P=0.003; Far: AUC=0.911, 95%CI: 0.798-1.000, P<0.001; Diagnosis criteria for the TNO and Optec 3500 were: Near: AUC=0.878, 95%CI: 0.724-1.000, P=0.035; Far: AUC=0.926, 95%CI: 0.819-1.000, P=0.048). Conclusions: Good reliability and agreement is suggested for the new quantitative measurement of suppression in children with amblyopia. The measured inter-ocular suppression is in agreement with other clinical measures. Key words: amblyopia; inter-ocular suppression; quantitative detection; children
{"title":"A Quantitative Study of Inter-Ocular Suppression in Children with Amblyopia","authors":"Hui Chen, Xinping Yu, D. Lin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To assess the reliability and relevance of a new test of inter-ocular suppression for children with amblyopia, as well as its sensitivity and specificity for clinical use. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000In this prospective study, inter-ocular suppression was measured quantitatively with polarized and neutral density filter lenses with visual targets both for near and distance, and then compared to the standard tests for suppression (Worth 4 dot, stereoacuity) in 29 amblyopic children (8.7±2.4 years) with strabismus, anisometropia, or a combination of both and 20 age-matched normal controls (8.0±1.9 years), from May 2014 to September 2017 in the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University. To evaluate the correlation between measurement results and clinical characteristics of children in the amblyopia group, a Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used for analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve was adopted to assess its reliability, sensitivity and specificity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of normal and amblyopic patients (Z=1.830, P=0.067; Z=0.653, P=0.514). Inter-ocular suppression with the Worth 4-dot test was used as the diagnostic criteria. The results showed that stronger inter-ocular suppression was found in amblyopes than in controls at both near (Z=2.974, P=0.003) and far distances (Z= 3.580, P<0.001). Using TNO and Optec 3500 as the diagnostic criteria, the results showed that stronger inter-ocular suppression was found in amblyopes than in controls at both near (Z=2.142, P=0.032) and far distances (Z=2.031, P=0.042). Inter-ocular suppression using the new test for diagnosis to distinguish between inhibition and non-inhibition showed the results were statistically significant for the diagnosis of differential inhibition and no inhibition. The results for the diagnostic criteria for the Worth 4-dot detection were: Near: AUC=0.824, 95%CI: 0.672-0.975, P=0.003; Far: AUC=0.911, 95%CI: 0.798-1.000, P<0.001; Diagnosis criteria for the TNO and Optec 3500 were: Near: AUC=0.878, 95%CI: 0.724-1.000, P=0.035; Far: AUC=0.926, 95%CI: 0.819-1.000, P=0.048). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: \u0000Good reliability and agreement is suggested for the new quantitative measurement of suppression in children with amblyopia. The measured inter-ocular suppression is in agreement with other clinical measures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000amblyopia; inter-ocular suppression; quantitative detection; children","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"94 1","pages":"734-739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90272813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.010
Fen Ren
Objective: To examine the test-retest reliability and validity of the College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life questionnaire (COVD-QOL) that had been translated and culturally adapted to the Mandarin Chinese language. Methods: In this cross-section study, the final Chinese version of COVD-QOL was established after translation, back-translation and cognitive interviews based on the Brislin translation model. A sample of 20-23 year-old subjects (118 participants) from Xiamen Medical College completed the Chinese version of COVD-QOL, only 80 subjects were retested after three weeks. All data were analyzed using item analysisi, Cronbach's α coeffcient, retest reliability and so on. Results: The correlation coefficient between each item score and total score ranged from 0.333 to 0.684 (P<0.01). The coefficient of internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.791, the Chinese version of COVD-QOL had good retest reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.750 (P=0.002). The content validity index was 0.985. The construct validity was not good, because six factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, which could explain 62.3% of the total variance, but the results cannot be analyzed by professional interpretation. Conclusions: The Chinese version of COVD-QOL demonstrates good test-retest reliability and content validity. This questionnaire is an appropriate tool to assess the changes in visual symptoms for these native Chinese language speakers. Key words: college of optometrists in vision development; quality of life questionnaire; COVD-QOL; reliability; validity
{"title":"Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire","authors":"Fen Ren","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1674-845X.2019.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000To examine the test-retest reliability and validity of the College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life questionnaire (COVD-QOL) that had been translated and culturally adapted to the Mandarin Chinese language. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods: \u0000In this cross-section study, the final Chinese version of COVD-QOL was established after translation, back-translation and cognitive interviews based on the Brislin translation model. A sample of 20-23 year-old subjects (118 participants) from Xiamen Medical College completed the Chinese version of COVD-QOL, only 80 subjects were retested after three weeks. All data were analyzed using item analysisi, Cronbach's α coeffcient, retest reliability and so on. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000The correlation coefficient between each item score and total score ranged from 0.333 to 0.684 (P<0.01). The coefficient of internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.791, the Chinese version of COVD-QOL had good retest reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.750 (P=0.002). The content validity index was 0.985. The construct validity was not good, because six factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, which could explain 62.3% of the total variance, but the results cannot be analyzed by professional interpretation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: \u0000The Chinese version of COVD-QOL demonstrates good test-retest reliability and content validity. This questionnaire is an appropriate tool to assess the changes in visual symptoms for these native Chinese language speakers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000college of optometrists in vision development; quality of life questionnaire; COVD-QOL; reliability; validity","PeriodicalId":10142,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Optometry & Ophthalmology","volume":"30 1","pages":"783-788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82784652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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