Although it was not known precisely when the diarrhea in young chicks and known as "Babatare" first occurred in our country, especially in the middle part of Honshu, its presence has been recognized for many years. It is said that the first -severe outbreak of this disease was observed by poulterers in Aichi Prefecture in 1907, since which time it has spread widely -i n various prefectures. No attempt was made, however, to determine the exact cause of this disease until 1919, when the first investigation was undertaken by me. Since the beginning of 1919 we have had occasion to examine a number of chicks but lately hatched, sent to us from various parts, all of which were found to have had severe diarrhea before death. Symptoms. -The symptoms exhibited were of a more or less different character according to the stage of infection. In one case, in which the first signs of intestinal trouble were recognized in 24 to 36 hours after hatching, the birds were found at first to have a yellowish white diarrhea, subsequently accompanied by frequent paroxysmal tenesmus. After one or two days the appearance of the diarrhea became pituitous, causing the feathers around the opening of the cloaca to be stained and to stick to one another in drying, until a stage of constipation was brought on. Moreover the skin on that part was irritated by the sticking feathers till inflammation set in. Two or three days later, the chicks were very much worse and fell into convulsions indicating the approach of death. In other cases in which the signs of diarrhea were discovered in from four to seven days after hatching, a complete loss of appetite ensued due to their separa_'tion from the flock and to their attitude in squatting, and the chicks developed severe diarrhea with the aspect mentioned in the previous case and appeared extremely dull. Death occurred
{"title":"INVESTIGATION ON A DIARRHEA IN YOUNG CHICKS IN JAPAN","authors":"N. Nakamura","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"Although it was not known precisely when the diarrhea in young chicks and known as \"Babatare\" first occurred in our country, especially in the middle part of Honshu, its presence has been recognized for many years. It is said that the first -severe outbreak of this disease was observed by poulterers in Aichi Prefecture in 1907, since which time it has spread widely -i n various prefectures. No attempt was made, however, to determine the exact cause of this disease until 1919, when the first investigation was undertaken by me. Since the beginning of 1919 we have had occasion to examine a number of chicks but lately hatched, sent to us from various parts, all of which were found to have had severe diarrhea before death. Symptoms. -The symptoms exhibited were of a more or less different character according to the stage of infection. In one case, in which the first signs of intestinal trouble were recognized in 24 to 36 hours after hatching, the birds were found at first to have a yellowish white diarrhea, subsequently accompanied by frequent paroxysmal tenesmus. After one or two days the appearance of the diarrhea became pituitous, causing the feathers around the opening of the cloaca to be stained and to stick to one another in drying, until a stage of constipation was brought on. Moreover the skin on that part was irritated by the sticking feathers till inflammation set in. Two or three days later, the chicks were very much worse and fell into convulsions indicating the approach of death. In other cases in which the signs of diarrhea were discovered in from four to seven days after hatching, a complete loss of appetite ensued due to their separa_'tion from the flock and to their attitude in squatting, and the chicks developed severe diarrhea with the aspect mentioned in the previous case and appeared extremely dull. Death occurred","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116336794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ON THE APPLICATION OF PAPAIN IN THE PREPARATION OF CULTURE-MEDIA","authors":"Saburô Suzuki","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115901037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies in acidosis have recently made a remarkable progress and many valuable reports in connection with it have already been published. The subject is, as is widely known, of great interest both from a physiological and pathological point of view. It would be of no benefit, however, to describe here what acidosis is or what kinds of researches have hitherto been made on the subject. For three years I have devoted myself to the study of this subject with the view of finding out its practical value in veterinary science.As a first step in my experiments, I have measured the CO2 content of horse blood plasma by means of VAN SLYKE'S method which was pulished in 1917 and is now generally recommended as the best method for diagnosing acidosis.The blood used for my experiments was obtained from the jugular vein of the horse, care being taken in doing so not to allow the blood to come in contact with the air. According to the studies of STADI and VAN SLYKE, it is not necessary, for the measurement of the CO2 content, to saturate the venous blood with CO2, at the same tension as in alveolar air, if the blood is drawn from a vein without any stasis. The venous blood employed in my experiments, therefore, is not subjected to any process which was to be carried out for the purpose of saturating the blood with CO2.The results obtained from a number of experiments are as follows:(1) CO2, content of blood-plasma in the normal horse.Experiments in 30 horses (military) show that the CO2, content of blood-plasma varies from 72.1 to 52.8 vol %, that is, 62.6 vol % on the average.It must be noticed here that even in one and the same horse there is a difference between the CO2 content measured in the morning and that obtained in the evening.(2) CO2, content of blood-plasma in the horse under abnormal conditions.(a) Fatigue.In horses which have taken a run of about 390km, the CO2, content has fallen below normal, all of them being in a condition of acidosis; the content of CO2, in 8 tired horses averages 47.0 vol % (53.2-38.1). Comparing the condition of some excessively tired horses with that of horses in a state of slight fatigue, I have found that the CO2, content in blood-plasma, that is, the lowered alkaline reserve, decreases according to the degree of fatigue, so the blood-plasma of the most severely tired horse contains the least volume of CO2.(b) Podophyllitis, colic, influenza pectoralis, and morbus maculosus.In podophyllitis caused by severe exercise, the CO2 content of blood plasma decreases considerably. An examination of the blood-plasma obtained from 7 horses suffering from an attack of podophyllitis showed that the CO2 content averages 54.1 vol %, which means that almost all of them were in a condition of acidosis.It is no unusual matter to find acidosis is proved in a case of severe colic. According to my measurements, the CO2 content of the blood-plasma taken from a horse which has been suffering from colic so severely that he died several hours la
{"title":"COMBINED CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF BLOOD PLASMA IN THE HORSE","authors":"N. Ijichi","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in acidosis have recently made a remarkable progress and many valuable reports in connection with it have already been published. The subject is, as is widely known, of great interest both from a physiological and pathological point of view. It would be of no benefit, however, to describe here what acidosis is or what kinds of researches have hitherto been made on the subject. For three years I have devoted myself to the study of this subject with the view of finding out its practical value in veterinary science.As a first step in my experiments, I have measured the CO2 content of horse blood plasma by means of VAN SLYKE'S method which was pulished in 1917 and is now generally recommended as the best method for diagnosing acidosis.The blood used for my experiments was obtained from the jugular vein of the horse, care being taken in doing so not to allow the blood to come in contact with the air. According to the studies of STADI and VAN SLYKE, it is not necessary, for the measurement of the CO2 content, to saturate the venous blood with CO2, at the same tension as in alveolar air, if the blood is drawn from a vein without any stasis. The venous blood employed in my experiments, therefore, is not subjected to any process which was to be carried out for the purpose of saturating the blood with CO2.The results obtained from a number of experiments are as follows:(1) CO2, content of blood-plasma in the normal horse.Experiments in 30 horses (military) show that the CO2, content of blood-plasma varies from 72.1 to 52.8 vol %, that is, 62.6 vol % on the average.It must be noticed here that even in one and the same horse there is a difference between the CO2 content measured in the morning and that obtained in the evening.(2) CO2, content of blood-plasma in the horse under abnormal conditions.(a) Fatigue.In horses which have taken a run of about 390km, the CO2, content has fallen below normal, all of them being in a condition of acidosis; the content of CO2, in 8 tired horses averages 47.0 vol % (53.2-38.1). Comparing the condition of some excessively tired horses with that of horses in a state of slight fatigue, I have found that the CO2, content in blood-plasma, that is, the lowered alkaline reserve, decreases according to the degree of fatigue, so the blood-plasma of the most severely tired horse contains the least volume of CO2.(b) Podophyllitis, colic, influenza pectoralis, and morbus maculosus.In podophyllitis caused by severe exercise, the CO2 content of blood plasma decreases considerably. An examination of the blood-plasma obtained from 7 horses suffering from an attack of podophyllitis showed that the CO2 content averages 54.1 vol %, which means that almost all of them were in a condition of acidosis.It is no unusual matter to find acidosis is proved in a case of severe colic. According to my measurements, the CO2 content of the blood-plasma taken from a horse which has been suffering from colic so severely that he died several hours la","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132881057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ON THE IMMUNE SERUM AGAINST FOOTAND-MOUTH DISEASE","authors":"Susumu Kuragano, T. Mogami","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129798022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Of various vaccines which were prepared and tested on animals in the laboratory, the one prepared by incubating the emulsion of the brain and cord from animals infected with fixed virus at 37°C. for 3 days or that prepared by keeping the emulsion at room temperature for 10 days is most applicable for the vaccination in the dog.2. The vaccine prepared by incubating the emulsion at 37°C. is better than that prepared by keeping it at room temeprature, because more uniform attenuation of the virus could be expected in the former treatment.3. As the source of the vaccine the brain and cord of the dog is better than those of rabbit, because the yield in the former is six times more than that in the latter.4. In the dog the vaccine is to be once inoculated subcutaneously in dose of 5c.c.5. The immunity produced by the vaccination lasts for about one year.
{"title":"ON THE ANTI-RABIC VACCINATION IN THE DOG","authors":"S. Kondo","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"1. Of various vaccines which were prepared and tested on animals in the laboratory, the one prepared by incubating the emulsion of the brain and cord from animals infected with fixed virus at 37°C. for 3 days or that prepared by keeping the emulsion at room temperature for 10 days is most applicable for the vaccination in the dog.2. The vaccine prepared by incubating the emulsion at 37°C. is better than that prepared by keeping it at room temeprature, because more uniform attenuation of the virus could be expected in the former treatment.3. As the source of the vaccine the brain and cord of the dog is better than those of rabbit, because the yield in the former is six times more than that in the latter.4. In the dog the vaccine is to be once inoculated subcutaneously in dose of 5c.c.5. The immunity produced by the vaccination lasts for about one year.","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ON THE NATURE OF LUMBAR PARALYSIS IN THE GOAT","authors":"O. Emoto","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1922-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126743482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1907, Heller and Tomarkin first reported that the complement fixation reaction gave negative result when tested with the sera of rabbits immunized against rabies fixed virus in the presence of antigens prepared from rabic brains. Friedberger (1907), using the sera of immunized and of rabid animals, was unable to demonstrate any specific fixation. The immune serum gave no more fixation than did the normal serum. Regarding the complement fixation reaction, negative observations were also recorded by Centanni (1908), Donati & Satta (1908), Baroni, Ciuca & JonescuMihaiesti (1908), and recently also by Fei-Fang Tang & Castaneda and by Schultz, Bullock & Brewer (1928). Notwithstanding these negative reports some positive results were obtained by a number of other investigators. Nedrigailoff & Sawtschenko (1911) were able to demonstrate specific fixation with the serum of horse immunized against fixed virus in the presence of antigens of salivary gland from a rabid dog or from a man succumbed to rabies. Zell (1913), testing the serum of street virus-infected animals in the presence of salivary
{"title":"STUDIES OF THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTION IN RABIES","authors":"S. Kondo, K. Obana","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.8.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.8.252","url":null,"abstract":"In 1907, Heller and Tomarkin first reported that the complement fixation reaction gave negative result when tested with the sera of rabbits immunized against rabies fixed virus in the presence of antigens prepared from rabic brains. Friedberger (1907), using the sera of immunized and of rabid animals, was unable to demonstrate any specific fixation. The immune serum gave no more fixation than did the normal serum. Regarding the complement fixation reaction, negative observations were also recorded by Centanni (1908), Donati & Satta (1908), Baroni, Ciuca & JonescuMihaiesti (1908), and recently also by Fei-Fang Tang & Castaneda and by Schultz, Bullock & Brewer (1928). Notwithstanding these negative reports some positive results were obtained by a number of other investigators. Nedrigailoff & Sawtschenko (1911) were able to demonstrate specific fixation with the serum of horse immunized against fixed virus in the presence of antigens of salivary gland from a rabid dog or from a man succumbed to rabies. Zell (1913), testing the serum of street virus-infected animals in the presence of salivary","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125101345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1292/JVMS1922.16.4_EN71
O. Emoto, S. Kondo, M. Watanabe
We have examined bocteriologically and histo-pathologically the materials of rabbits affected with spontaneous encephalitis, but specific bacteria for this disease have not been found and yet nor gross lessions characteristic for the disease were found macroscopically.We are sure that this spontaneous encephalitis is not caused by bacteria, and it is supposed that this disease may be caused by somh unitary causative agent, because in all cases there are some changes with specific granulom in the brains as histological findings. Judging from the histo-pathological changes, it is supposed that the causative agent has the tendency to be neurotropic.The agent may be the Encephalitozoon cuniculi as Levaditi and his collaborators believed, but we have no positive proof it until this time. Anyhow it is sure that the rabbits inoculated with the brain emulsion of the animals affected with spontaneous encephalitis of rabbits were infected with the disease, although it is irregular.
{"title":"Spontaneous Encephalitis of Rabbits","authors":"O. Emoto, S. Kondo, M. Watanabe","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.16.4_EN71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.16.4_EN71","url":null,"abstract":"We have examined bocteriologically and histo-pathologically the materials of rabbits affected with spontaneous encephalitis, but specific bacteria for this disease have not been found and yet nor gross lessions characteristic for the disease were found macroscopically.We are sure that this spontaneous encephalitis is not caused by bacteria, and it is supposed that this disease may be caused by somh unitary causative agent, because in all cases there are some changes with specific granulom in the brains as histological findings. Judging from the histo-pathological changes, it is supposed that the causative agent has the tendency to be neurotropic.The agent may be the Encephalitozoon cuniculi as Levaditi and his collaborators believed, but we have no positive proof it until this time. Anyhow it is sure that the rabbits inoculated with the brain emulsion of the animals affected with spontaneous encephalitis of rabbits were infected with the disease, although it is irregular.","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125854500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Northern Formosa (Pref. Taihoku, Shinchiku), subcutaneous tumors occur among young ducks, mostly on the chin, thigh, etc. In the connective tissue of these subcutaneous tumors the author observed a nematode parasite, Oshimaia taiwana (SUGIMOTO, 1919). As this species does not agree with any other species belonging to superfamily Filarioidea, therefore Oshimaia was established as a new genus of the family Phailometridae BAYLIS & DAUBNEY.
{"title":"ON THE FILARIA FROM THE FORMOSAN DOMESTICATED BIRDS","authors":"M. Sugimoto","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.13.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.13.261","url":null,"abstract":"In Northern Formosa (Pref. Taihoku, Shinchiku), subcutaneous tumors occur among young ducks, mostly on the chin, thigh, etc. In the connective tissue of these subcutaneous tumors the author observed a nematode parasite, Oshimaia taiwana (SUGIMOTO, 1919). As this species does not agree with any other species belonging to superfamily Filarioidea, therefore Oshimaia was established as a new genus of the family Phailometridae BAYLIS & DAUBNEY.","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"78 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126045029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studien über eine in Manchoukuo seuchenhaft auftretende Hühnerseuche. Mitt. I. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Symptomatologie bei Geflügelpest","authors":"S. Yamagiwa, M. Niwa","doi":"10.1292/JVMS1922.17.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1292/JVMS1922.17.78","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101505,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126714855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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