Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献_第5页

Artificial Intelligence in Dental Caries Diagnosis and Detection: An Umbrella Review 人工智能在龋齿诊断和检测中的应用：综述

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.70004

Sapna Negi, Ankita Mathur, Snehasish Tripathy, Vini Mehta, Niher Tabassum Snigdha, Abdul Habeeb Adil, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari

Background and Aim

Dental caries is largely preventable, yet an important global health issue. Numerous systematic reviews have summarized the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) models for the diagnosis and detection of dental caries. Therefore, this umbrella review aimed to synthesize the results of systematic reviews on the application and effectiveness of AI models in diagnosing and detecting dental caries.

Methods

MEDLINE/PubMed, IEEE Explore, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to retrieve studies. Two authors independently screened the articles based on eligibility criteria and then, appraised the included articles. The findings are summarized in tabulation form and discussed using the narrative method.

Result

A total of 1249 entries were identified out of which 7 were finally included. The most often employed AI algorithms were the multilayer perceptron, support vector machine (SVM), and neural networks. The algorithms were built to perform the segmentation, classification, caries detection, diagnosis, and caries prediction from several sources, including periapical radiographs, panoramic radiographs, smartphone images, bitewing radiographs, near-infrared light transillumination images, and so forth. Convoluted neural networks (CNN) demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve in the caries detection, segmentation, and classification tests. Notably, AI in conjunction with periapical and panoramic radiography images yielded better accuracy in detecting and diagnosing dental caries.

Conclusion

AI models, especially convolutional neural network (CNN)-based models, have an enormous amount of potential for accurate, objective dental caries diagnosis and detection. However, ethical considerations and cautious adoption remain critical to its successful integration into routine practice.

背景和目的龋齿在很大程度上是可以预防的，但却是一个重要的全球健康问题。许多系统综述总结了人工智能（AI）模型在诊断和检测龋齿方面的功效。因此，本综述旨在综合人工智能模型在诊断和检测龋齿方面的应用和有效性的系统综述结果。方法对 MEDLINE/PubMed、IEEE Explore、Embase 和 Cochrane 系统性综述数据库进行检索。两位作者根据资格标准对文章进行了独立筛选，然后对纳入的文章进行了评估。研究结果以表格形式汇总，并采用叙述法进行讨论。结果共发现了 1249 篇文章，其中 7 篇最终被收录。最常用的人工智能算法是多层感知器、支持向量机（SVM）和神经网络。这些算法用于对根尖周X光片、全景X光片、智能手机图像、咬翼X光片、近红外光透射图像等多种来源的图像进行分割、分类、龋病检测、诊断和龋病预测。在龋病检测、分割和分类测试中，卷积神经网络（CNN）表现出较高的灵敏度、特异性和曲线下面积。值得注意的是，人工智能与根尖周和全景放射影像相结合，在检测和诊断龋齿方面具有更高的准确性。结论人工智能模型，尤其是基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的模型，在准确、客观的龋齿诊断和检测方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，伦理方面的考虑和谨慎采用仍是其成功融入常规实践的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Different Application Modes of a Universal Adhesive System on the Bond Strength of Bulk-Fill Composite Resin to Enamel and Dentin in Primary Teeth 通用粘合剂系统的不同应用模式对体积填充复合树脂与基牙釉质和牙本质粘结强度的影响

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.947

Ali Nozari, Maryam Pakniyat Jahromi, Farnaz Haji Abbas Oghli, Zahra Jowkar, Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess how the application mode of a universal adhesive system affects the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of bulk-fill and conventional composite resins to enamel and dentin in primary teeth.

Methods

A total of 80 caries-free primary second molars were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10) based on the bonding substrate (enamel or dentin), the application mode of the universal adhesive system (etch and rinse [E&R], or self-etch [SE]), and the type of composite resin used (bulk-fill or conventional). After bonding the composite resin to enamel or dentin, the μSBS of the bonded composite resins was measured.

Results

The mean μSBS value of bulk-fill composite resin was significantly higher than that of conventional composite resin for both enamel and dentin substrates, regardless of the application mode (p < 0.001). An interaction effect between the bonding substrate and the application mode of the adhesive system was observed, indicating a significant relationship (p < 0.001). The highest μSBS values for primary teeth enamel were achieved using the E&R mode with bulk-fill composite resin, while for dentin specimens, the SE mode with bulk-fill composite resin yielded the highest μSBS values. The μSBS of the E&R group was significantly higher than that of the SE group for enamel specimens (p < 0.001), whereas the μSBS of the SE group was significantly higher than that of the E&R group for dentin specimens (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Bulk-fill composite resin demonstrated higher μSBS in comparison to conventional composite resin. The universal adhesive system exhibited superior performance in the SE mode compared to the E&R mode on primary dentin. Pre-etching the enamel before the application of the universal adhesive enhanced the μSBS to primary teeth enamel, highlighting the importance of selectively acid etching the enamel of primary teeth.

目的本研究旨在评估通用粘接剂系统的应用模式如何影响大量填充型和传统复合树脂与乳牙牙釉质和牙本质的微剪切粘接强度（μSBS）。方法根据粘接基质（牙釉质或牙本质）、通用粘接剂系统的应用模式（蚀刻冲洗[E&R]或自酸蚀[SE]）以及所用复合树脂的类型（填充型或传统型），将总共 80 颗无龋原生第二磨牙随机分配到 8 个实验组（n = 10）。将复合树脂粘接到牙釉质或牙本质后，测量粘接复合树脂的 μSBS 值。结果对于釉质和牙本质基底，无论采用哪种粘结方式，体填型复合树脂的平均 μSBS 值都明显高于传统复合树脂（p < 0.001）。粘接基质与粘接剂系统的应用模式之间存在交互效应，表明两者之间存在显著关系（p < 0.001）。使用E&R模式和大量填充复合树脂时，基牙釉质的μSBS值最高，而使用SE模式和大量填充复合树脂时，牙本质试样的μSBS值最高。对于釉质试样，E&R 组的μSBS 值明显高于 SE 组（p < 0.001），而对于牙本质试样，SE 组的μSBS 值明显高于 E&R 组（p < 0.001）。结论与传统复合树脂相比，团状填充复合树脂具有更高的μSBS。在初级牙本质上，通用粘合剂系统在 SE 模式下的性能优于 E&R 模式。在使用通用粘合剂之前对珐琅质进行预蚀刻可提高基牙珐琅质的μSBS，这突出了对基牙珐琅质进行选择性酸蚀刻的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Quality of Life After Orthognathic Surgery in Swedish Patients: A Register-Based Cohort 瑞典患者正颌外科手术后的生活质量：基于登记的队列研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.942

Eric Johansson, Bodil Lund, Martin Bengtsson, Mikael Magnusson, Lars Rasmusson, Magnus Ahl, Bo Sunzel, Mats Sjöström

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on quality of life among Swedish patients.

Materials and Methods

Patients subjected to orthognathic surgery due to dentofacial deformity (DFD) and registered in the National Register of Orthognathic Surgery (NROK) in Sweden between 2017 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Swedish-validated Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-OQLQ) was used to evaluate patient quality of life before and after surgery. The S-OQLQ measured each patient's subjective experience regarding social aspects.

Results

Eighty-four participants were included in this cohort study, including 45 men (mean age 24.7 years), 48 women (mean age 23.4 years), and eight patients who stated no gender. Women generally graded several aspects of the S-OQLQ higher than men, including facial aesthetics p = 0.029), oral function (p < 0.001), and awareness of facial deformity (p = 0.0054). For all domains of the questionnaire (social, facial aesthetics, function, and awareness), a significant improvement was seen 6–24 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Women rated improvement of function and awareness of facial deformity higher than men (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively).

Conclusion

Quality of life aspects of orthognathic surgery have a strong impact on the treatment outcome. Although functional impairment is often considered a major indication for surgery, the social and aesthetic influence of DFD is highly rated by patients, whereas pain is not an issue before or after treatment.

目的本研究旨在评估正颌外科手术对瑞典患者生活质量的影响。材料与方法因颌面部畸形（DFD）而接受正颌外科手术，并在 2017 年至 2020 年期间在瑞典国家正颌外科登记处（NROK）登记的患者均符合纳入本研究的条件。瑞典验证的正颌外科生活质量问卷（S-OQLQ）用于评估患者手术前后的生活质量。S-OQLQ 测量了每位患者在社会方面的主观感受。结果 84名参与者参与了这项队列研究，其中包括45名男性（平均年龄24.7岁）、48名女性（平均年龄23.4岁）和8名不分性别的患者。在 S-OQLQ 的几个方面，女性的评分普遍高于男性，包括面部美学（p = 0.029）、口腔功能（p < 0.001）和对面部畸形的认识（p = 0.0054）。术后 6-24 个月，调查问卷的所有方面（社交、面部美观、功能和认知）都有明显改善（p < 0.001）。女性对功能改善和对面部畸形认识的评分高于男性（分别为 p < 0.001 和 p = 0.039）。结论正颌外科手术的生活质量对治疗效果有很大影响。虽然功能障碍通常被认为是手术的主要适应症，但患者对 DFD 的社交和美学影响评价很高，而疼痛在治疗前后都不是问题。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular First Permanent Molars in a Persian Population: An In Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study 波斯人下颌第一恒磨牙中中槽的患病率：活体锥形束计算机断层扫描研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.935

Samaneh Hajizadeh, Morteza Khodabandeh Amiri, Sanaz Mihandoust, Zhaleh Shafiei Sabet, Rasoul Tabari Khomeiran

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular first permanent molars in a Persian subpopulation sample using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The secondary aim was to correlate the incidence of MMC with variables such as gender, age, and the presence of an additional distal canal.

Materials and Method

A total of 390 mandibular first molars from 314 CBCT images were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of the MMC was recorded while considering related factors such as additional distal canal and demographic information of the patients (age and gender). Fisher's exact tests and independent-samples t-test were used for the statistical comparisons with a significance level of 0.05.

Results

Among 390 mandibular first molars, 34 teeth contained an MMC (8.7%). The number of teeth with the MMC in women was equal to that of men. There was no significant difference between the two genders in the prevalence of the MMC (p > 0.05). The prevalence of patients' MMC had no significant relationship with their age (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant association between the presence of the MMC and an additional distal canal (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The incidence of an additional distal canal in teeth with a diagnosed MMC was statistically significant. The prevalence of the MMC in mandibular first molars in the study population was low; however, accurate knowledge of root canal morphology in terms of the presence of an additional root canal in these teeth should be considered.

目的本研究旨在利用锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）技术，在波斯亚人群样本中确定下颌第一恒磨牙中中髓管（MMC）的患病率。次要目的是将 MMC 的发生率与性别、年龄和是否存在附加远端管等变量相关联。材料和方法对 314 张 CBCT 图像中的 390 颗下颌第一磨牙进行了回顾性评估。在记录 MMC 存在情况的同时，还考虑了相关因素，如附加远端管和患者的人口统计学信息（年龄和性别）。统计比较采用费雪精确检验和独立样本 t 检验，显著性水平为 0.05。结果在 390 颗下颌第一磨牙中，有 34 颗牙齿（8.7%）含有 MMC。女性与男性含有MMC的牙齿数量相当。两种性别在多发性磨牙的患病率上没有明显差异（p > 0.05）。患者的多发性磨牙与年龄无明显关系（p > 0.05）。然而，MMC 的存在与附加远端管道之间存在明显关联（p < 0.05）。结论在已确诊为多发性磨牙的牙齿中，多发性远端牙管的发生率具有统计学意义。在研究人群中，下颌第一磨牙中 MMC 的发病率较低；但是，应考虑准确了解这些牙齿根管形态中是否存在附加根管。

{"title":"Prevalence of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular First Permanent Molars in a Persian Population: An In Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study","authors":"Samaneh Hajizadeh, Morteza Khodabandeh Amiri, Sanaz Mihandoust, Zhaleh Shafiei Sabet, Rasoul Tabari Khomeiran","doi":"10.1002/cre2.935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular first permanent molars in a Persian subpopulation sample using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The secondary aim was to correlate the incidence of MMC with variables such as gender, age, and the presence of an additional distal canal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 390 mandibular first molars from 314 CBCT images were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of the MMC was recorded while considering related factors such as additional distal canal and demographic information of the patients (age and gender). Fisher's exact tests and independent-samples <i>t</i>-test were used for the statistical comparisons with a significance level of 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 390 mandibular first molars, 34 teeth contained an MMC (8.7%). The number of teeth with the MMC in women was equal to that of men. There was no significant difference between the two genders in the prevalence of the MMC (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The prevalence of patients' MMC had no significant relationship with their age (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, there was a significant association between the presence of the MMC and an additional distal canal (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of an additional distal canal in teeth with a diagnosed MMC was statistically significant. The prevalence of the MMC in mandibular first molars in the study population was low; however, accurate knowledge of root canal morphology in terms of the presence of an additional root canal in these teeth should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Impacting Quality of Life in a Group of Iranian Patients in Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Following Treatment? 影响一组伊朗慢性口腔黏膜病患者治疗后生活质量的因素？

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.922

Mohammad Shooriabi, Sedigheh Modarres Mousavy, Farideh Kaabomeir, Elham Jafari

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases. Specifically, the study aimed to determine how treatment affects the changes in the quality of life of these patients.

Methods

This descriptive study involved 220 patients diagnosed with chronic oral mucosal lesions. Data were collected using the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire, validated for use in Persian/Farsi. The study population was selected through convenience sampling. Data analysis employed descriptive statistical methods, including frequency and percentage distribution tables, graphs, measures of central tendency, and dispersion. Additionally, confidence intervals were utilized for the studied ratios and indices.

Results

Among the study population, 129 (58.6%) were male and 91 (41.4%) were female. The mean quality of life, as assessed by the utilized questionnaire, was 61.9 ± 13.2. The results indicated that females and unemployed individuals reported lower quality of life compared to males and employed individuals, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In the population studied the quality of life of patients with chronic mucous membrane diseases was influenced by various factors, including gender, income, employment, and place of residence.

目的本研究旨在探讨治疗对慢性口腔黏膜疾病患者生活质量的影响。具体而言，研究旨在确定治疗如何影响这些患者生活质量的变化。方法这项描述性研究涉及 220 名确诊为慢性口腔黏膜病变的患者。研究人员使用经过验证可在波斯语/波斯语中使用的 "慢性口腔黏膜病问卷 "收集数据。研究对象通过便利抽样法选出。数据分析采用了描述性统计方法，包括频率和百分比分布表、图表、中心倾向和离散度量。此外，还对所研究的比率和指数使用了置信区间。结果在研究对象中，男性 129 人（58.6%），女性 91 人（41.4%）。所使用的调查问卷评估的平均生活质量为 61.9 ± 13.2。结果表明，女性和失业者的生活质量分别低于男性和就业者，差异具有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。结论在所研究的人群中，慢性黏膜病患者的生活质量受到各种因素的影响，包括性别、收入、就业和居住地。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the Opinions of Adolescents With Different Orthodontic Treatment Needs 不同正畸治疗需求的青少年的意见比较

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.944

Larisa Krekmanova, Shams Shakrchi, Amina Gicic, Julia Naoumova

Background

The aim of this study was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents granted (G) versus not granted (NG) publicly funded orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods

Adolescents aged 15–20 years who were granted versus not granted publicly funded orthodontic treatment responded to a web-based survey, assessing OHRQoL in relation to functional impact, psychological impact, and motivators for orthodontic treatment. Before the survey, pretesting of the questionnaire was conducted to ensure its reliability. Differences between the groups were tested using the chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U-tests. Reliability was assessed using Cohen's κ and Pearson's correlation coefficient during the pretest phase.

Results

One hundred and forty patients, equally distributed between a G and an NG group, responded to the survey. Gender, age, and demographic distribution were comparable in both groups. All respondents expressed a high subjective treatment need and similar answers regarding functional aspects. Orthodontic treatment motivators (G: 86.2% and NG: 94.7%, p = 0.443) were primarily related to improved self-esteem, overall well-being, facial appearance, and being able to laugh without embarrassment. The NG group expressed a more negative OHRQoL impact due to the appearance of their teeth compared with the G group (p < 0.001) and a negative impact caused by the position of their teeth (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Orthodontic treatment need indices should aim to reinforce subjective measures as adolescents express similar motivators for orthodontic treatment, regardless of the clinician's objectively based decision about treatment need.

背景本研究旨在比较获得（G）和未获得（NG）政府资助的青少年口腔正畸治疗的口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）。材料与方法 15-20 岁的青少年接受了与未接受政府资助的正畸治疗，他们对一项基于网络的调查做出了回应，该调查评估了与功能影响、心理影响和正畸治疗动机相关的口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQoL）。在调查之前，对问卷进行了预先测试，以确保其可靠性。使用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼 U 检验对各组之间的差异进行了检验。在预试阶段，使用 Cohen's κ 和 Pearson's 相关系数对可靠性进行了评估。结果 140 名患者（G 组和 NG 组各占一半）回答了调查问卷。两组患者的性别、年龄和人口分布情况相当。所有受访者都表达了较高的主观治疗需求，对功能方面的回答也相似。正畸治疗的动机（G 组：86.2%，NG 组：94.7%，p = 0.443）主要与提高自尊、整体健康、面部美观以及能够开怀大笑而不尴尬有关。与 G 组相比，NG 组因牙齿外观（p < 0.001）和牙齿位置（p < 0.001）对 OHRQoL 的负面影响更大。结论正畸治疗需求指数应以加强主观测量为目标，因为无论临床医生对治疗需求做出何种客观决定，青少年对正畸治疗都表达了类似的动机。

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引用次数: 0

Genotoxicity and Micronucleus Formation as a Result of Panoramic Radiography in Epithelial Cells of the Buccal Mucosa: A Cross-sectional Study in Adults 口腔粘膜上皮细胞全景放射摄影的遗传毒性和微核形成：一项成人横断面研究。

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.915

Nakisa Torabinia, Mojdeh Mehdizadeh, Forooz Keshani, Mohammadreza Mehdizadeh, Parisa Soltani, Gianrico Spagnuolo

Objectives

To determine the genetic effects of panoramic radiography on the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa by examining the micronucleus formation in these cells.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, exfoliative cytology samples were prepared from the buccal mucosa of 36 patients immediately before and 10 days after panoramic radiography. The samples were prepared using liquid-based cytology with Papanicolaou staining. The slides were simultaneously evaluated by two expert pathologists and the ratio of the number of cells with micronuclei to the total number of cells on the slide was reported as a percentage. Data analysis was done using paired-samples T test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and covariance analysis (α = 0.05).

Results

The study sample consisted of 24 (66.67%) males and 12 females (33.33%) with a mean (SD) age of 27.36 (8.19) years. The frequency of cells with micronucleus before and after panoramic radiography was not statistically different (p = 0.468). Additionally, the frequency of micronucleated cells was not correlated with age (p = 0.737) and sex (p = 0.211).

Conclusion

Panoramic exposure slightly increased the frequency of cells with micronucleus in epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa. However, this increase was not statistically significant.

目的通过检测颊粘膜上皮细胞中微核的形成，确定全景放射摄影对这些细胞的遗传影响：在这项横断面研究中，从 36 名患者的颊粘膜上制备了脱落细胞学样本，分别在全景放射检查前和检查后 10 天进行。样本采用巴氏染色的液基细胞学方法制备。由两名病理专家同时对玻片进行评估，并以百分比的形式报告玻片上微核细胞数与细胞总数的比率。数据分析采用配对样本 T 检验、皮尔逊相关系数和协方差分析（α = 0.05）：研究样本中有 24 名男性（66.67%）和 12 名女性（33.33%），平均（标清）年龄为 27.36（8.19）岁。全景放射摄影前后微核细胞的频率没有统计学差异（P = 0.468）。此外，微核细胞的频率与年龄（p = 0.737）和性别（p = 0.211）无关：结论：全景暴露略微增加了口腔黏膜上皮细胞中微核细胞的频率。结论：全景曝光会略微增加口腔黏膜上皮细胞中的微核频率，但这种增加在统计学上并不显著。

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引用次数: 0

Low Salivary IgA Levels Against PAc (361–386) as a Risk Factor for Root Caries in Older Adults 唾液中抗 PAc (361-386) 的低 IgA 水平是老年人患根龋的风险因素。

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.945

Yu Ichikawa, Noboru Kaneko, Kaung Myat Thwin, Hidenobu Senpuku, Kaname Nohno, Hiroshi Ogawa

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the intricate relationship between salivary IgA antibody levels to PAc (361–386) (PPA), mutans streptococci colonization, and root caries development in older adults.

Materials and Methods

This study included 307 participants aged 76 years residing in Niigata city, Japan. Clinical oral examinations were performed at baseline in 2004 and 1 year later, during which the total number of untreated and treated root caries was assessed using the root decayed, filled tooth (DFT) index. The stimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method during the baseline survey. Salivary IgA antibody levels to amino acid residues 361–386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including the χ² test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regressions, were performed to examine the association of increased root DFT with the independent variables.

Results

Among the 307 participants (53.1% men), the mean root DFT at baseline was 3.77 ± 3.66, and 36.5% of the study sample exhibited increased root DFT after 1 year with a mean increment of 0.36 ± 0.48. Participants with increase in root DFT after 1 year had significantly higher rates of low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) than those without increased root DFT (p = 0.020). Low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) were significantly more likely to have an increased risk of root caries development compared with PPA levels > 25th percentile (adjusted OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09–3.25).

Conclusion

Low PPA levels and root caries incidence correlated significantly, suggesting that low levels of salivary IgA antibody to PAc (361–386) may serve as a risk factor for increased root caries in older adults.

研究目的本研究旨在评估老年人唾液中的 PAc（361-386）（PPA）IgA 抗体水平、变异链球菌定植和牙根龋发展之间的复杂关系：研究对象包括居住在日本新泻市的 307 名 76 岁的老年人。分别于 2004 年和 1 年后进行了临床口腔检查，并在检查过程中使用根部龋坏、填充牙（DFT）指数评估了未治疗和已治疗根部龋坏的总数。在基线调查期间，采用吐唾液法收集了刺激唾液样本。采用酶联免疫吸附试验对唾液中针对变异链球菌 PAc 361-386 氨基酸残基的 IgA 抗体水平进行量化。统计分析包括χ2检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和逻辑回归，以研究牙根DFT增加与自变量的关系：在 307 名参与者（53.1% 为男性）中，基线时根部 DFT 的平均值为 3.77 ± 3.66，36.5% 的研究样本在 1 年后表现出根部 DFT 的增加，平均增量为 0.36 ± 0.48。1 年后牙根 DFT 增加的参与者中，PPA 水平低（≤ 第 25 百分位数）的比例明显高于牙根 DFT 未增加的参与者（p = 0.020）。与PPA水平>第25百分位数相比，PPA水平低（≤第25百分位数）的患者发生根龋的风险明显增加（调整后OR：1.88，95% CI：1.09-3.25）：结论：PPA水平低与牙根龋发病率显著相关，表明唾液中PAc（361-386）IgA抗体水平低可能是导致老年人牙根龋增加的一个危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco Products on Hard Dental Tissues: A Comparative Histological and Colorimetric Analysis 评估吸烟和加热烟草制品对牙齿硬组织的影响：组织学和比色法比较分析。

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.941

Mahmoud Al Ankily, Fatma Makkeyah, Mahmoud M. Bakr, Mohamed Shamel

<div> <section> <h3> Objectives</h3> <p>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of cigarette smoking (CS) and heated tobacco (HT) on the alteration of color and ultrastructural characteristics of human enamel and cementum.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>According to tobacco companies, a less harmful substitute for CS is HT products. Nevertheless, comprehensive research on the effects of HT on tooth structures has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of CS and HT on the alteration of color and ultrastructural characteristics of human enamel and cementum.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Materials and Methods</h3> <p>Thirty intact and noncarious human maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment purposes, previously disinfected, were used in the study. The specimens were randomly separated into six groups (<i>n</i> = 10), as follows: Group 1: enamel without smoking exposure; Group 2: enamel exposed to CS; Group 3: enamel exposed to HT; Group 4: cementum without smoking exposure; Group 5: cementum exposed to CS; and Group 6: cementum exposed to HT. The measurement of color change was conducted using a spectrophotometer. The surface alterations and mineral composition of enamel and cementum were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine significant differences between groups.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Results showed that CS had a more pronounced effect on enamel and cementum color changes than HT. The impact of CS and HT on color changes was more evident in cementum than in enamel. Surface morphology of enamel and cementum showed alterations in histology following exposure to both smoking types. Moreover, the mineral content experienced a significant reduction after using CS and HT. The reduction in calcium content after CS and HT exposure was similar. However, HT led to a significant decrease in the phosphorus content of enamel when compared with CS. At the same time, CS exposure in cementum resulted in a more significant reduction in Ca/P ratio than HT.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Although HT may appear to present a lower danger to hard dental tissues than CS, it is not entirely harmless. CS results in more color changes on the enamel and cementum of teeth. Both smoking methods affected the mineral content of teeth, with CS having a

研究目的本研究旨在评估和比较吸烟（CS）和加热烟草（HT）对人体珐琅质和骨水泥的颜色和超微结构特征改变的影响：背景：据烟草公司称，加热烟草产品是对人体危害较小的卷烟替代品。背景：根据烟草公司的说法，高温烟草产品是 CS 的一种危害较小的替代品。然而，关于高温烟草对牙齿结构影响的全面研究还很缺乏。本研究旨在评估和比较 CS 和 HT 对人类珐琅质和骨水泥的颜色和超微结构特征改变的影响：研究使用了 30 颗因正畸治疗而拔出的完整无龋的人类上颌前磨牙，这些标本之前都经过了消毒。标本被随机分为以下六组（n = 10）：第 1 组：无吸烟暴露的珐琅质；第 2 组：暴露于 CS 的珐琅质；第 3 组：暴露于 HT 的珐琅质；第 4 组：无吸烟暴露的牙釉质；第 5 组：暴露于 CS 的牙釉质；第 6 组：暴露于 HT 的牙釉质。使用分光光度计测量颜色变化。使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱评估珐琅质和骨水泥的表面变化和矿物成分。采用方差分析和 Tukey 后检验来确定组间的显著差异：结果：结果表明，与 HT 相比，CS 对牙釉质和牙本质颜色变化的影响更明显。CS 和 HT 对牙本质颜色变化的影响比对珐琅质的影响更明显。暴露于这两种吸烟类型后，珐琅质和牙本质的表面形态在组织学上发生了改变。此外，使用 CS 和 HT 后，矿物质含量显著减少。接触 CS 和 HT 后，钙含量的减少情况相似。然而，与 CS 相比，HT 会导致珐琅质中的磷含量显著下降。同时，与 HT 相比，CS 暴露在牙本质中会导致钙/磷比的显著降低：虽然 HT 对牙齿硬组织的危害似乎比 CS 小，但它并非完全无害。CS 会导致牙齿珐琅质和牙本质发生更多颜色变化。两种吸烟方法都会影响牙齿的矿物质含量，CS 对牙根有明显影响，而 HT 则对牙冠的矿物质成分有明显影响。

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引用次数: 0

Induced Periodontitis in Rats With Three Ligature Types: An Exploratory Study 用三种韧带类型诱发大鼠牙周炎：一项探索性研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.946

Natalia Chatzaki, Andreas Stavropoulos, Balazs Denes, José Cancela, Stavros Kiliaridis, Catherine Giannopoulou

Background

The placement of ligatures in the cervical area of rat molars is considered as a predictable model to induce periodontitis.

Objectives

The present explorative study aimed to compare the efficacy of metal wires (MWs), without or with sandblasting, versus silk ligatures (SLs) in inducing periodontal bone loss in rats.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight rats that received three different types of ligatures (MW, sandblasted wire [SMW], and SL) around their first right mandibular molar, while the contralateral tooth was left without the ligature and served as a control. Bone loss was assessed by measuring the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bone crest at the distal aspect of the first molar on central mesiodistal sections generated from micro-CT scans taken 24 and 35 days after ligature placement.

Results

In the SL group, only in two rats the ligatures were retained until the end of the 24-day period; in all other animals, the ligatures were lost at some time point. In the SMW, the ligatures were retained only for the 24-day period. In the MW group, no ligatures were lost. Irrespective of the group or experimental period, the difference in the crestal bone level between ligated and control teeth was in most cases z < 0.20 mm, that is, in 19 out of 25 pairs of teeth. In a few cases, the bone crest was more apically located at the control teeth compared to the ligated ones (four cases each, during both 24- and 35-day experimental periods).

Conclusions

Bone loss was minimal during the experimental period, with no significant differences between the test and control teeth, or among the three types of ligatures. MWs, not even roughened, do not seem to be a better alternative to SLs for inducing bone loss in the experimental periodontitis model in the rat. This assumption, however, has to be confirmed in a larger, well-powered study.

背景：在大鼠臼齿颈部放置结扎线被认为是诱导牙周炎的一种可预测模型：本探索性研究旨在比较不喷砂或喷砂金属丝（MW）与丝线结扎（SL）在诱导大鼠牙周骨质流失方面的功效：将 24 只 Wistar 大鼠随机分为三组，每组 8 只，分别在其第一颗右下颌臼齿周围接受三种不同类型的结扎（MW、喷砂丝 [SMW] 和 SL），而对侧牙齿则不接受结扎，作为对照。通过测量结扎后 24 天和 35 天显微 CT 扫描生成的第一磨牙远端中部牙周切面上牙本质牙釉质交界处（CEJ）到骨嵴的距离来评估骨质流失情况：结果：在SL组中，只有两只大鼠的结扎一直保留到24天结束；其他所有动物的结扎都在某个时间点丢失。在 SMW 组中，结扎只保留了 24 天。在 MW 组中，结扎没有丢失。无论在哪个组别或实验期间，被结扎牙齿与对照组牙齿之间的牙槽骨水平差异在大多数情况下都是 z 结论：在实验期间，骨质流失量很小，试验牙和对照牙之间以及三种结扎方式之间没有明显差异。在大鼠牙周炎实验模型中，在诱导骨质流失方面，MW（即使没有经过粗糙处理）似乎也不能更好地替代 SL。不过，这一假设还需要在更大规模、更有效的研究中得到证实。

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引用次数: 0