The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of open proximal contacts on peri-implant tissue changes, specifically marginal bone levels, probing pocket depth, and the incidence of peri-implant diseases.
Electronic databases were searched to identify non-randomized observational studies comparing open and closed proximal contacts. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and data were analyzed with a statistical software.
Out of 276 studies initially identified, five met the inclusion criteria, involving 4882 dental implants. Meta-analysis indicated that open proximal contacts were associated with greater, but not statistically significant, marginal bone changes (mean difference (MD) 0.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.09 to 0.24; p = 0.38); probing pocket depths (MD 0.11; 95% CI −0.29 to 0.51; p = 0.59) and a higher incidence of peri-implantitis (relative risk (RR) 1.63; 95% CI 0.88–3.02; p = 0.12) compared to closed contacts. Open proximal contact was associated with a significant increase in incidence of peri-implant mucositis (RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.06–2.86; p = 0.03).
Open proximal contacts are associated with increased probing pocket depths and marginal bone changes and could be a risk indicator for peri-implant mucositis. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects and to develop preventive measures.
This RCT study aimed to investigate the clinical performance of IPS e.max endocrowns as an alternative option compared to conventional crowns to restore damaged molar teeth after an 18-month follow-up.
A sample of 30 patients with 40 molars, who needed a single-tooth restoration, was enrolled to receive either a conventional crown (n = 20) or an endocrown (n = 20). After molar preparation, all crowns were manufactured with the IPS e.max press system, then cemented using dual-cure resin. All crowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria (USPHS) at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests (95% confidence interval).
All teeth in the conventional crown group and endocrown group showed 100% clinical success with no failure at 6, 12, and 18 months after placement in terms of marginal adaptation, contact points, and surface texture. No significant difference was found between endocrowns and conventional crowns in adhesive failure at 6 months (p = 0.075), 12 months (p = 0.317), and 18 months (p = 1.000). 100% of patients were very satisfied with the esthetics and comfort of the prosthesis. The function percentage was 93.3%.
Both restorative options are durable and maintain their integrity. Adhesive failure occurred in a notable number of cases in the endocrown group compared to the conventional crown group. Patient satisfaction was high with both restoration types.
In craniofacial disorders (CD) like cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), Robin sequence (RS) or Down syndrome (DS), an early orthodontic intervention with different palatal plate devices is often applied. However, there are no data on complications such as mucosal ulcerations (MU).To determine the frequency and location of MU and evaluate associations with potential risk factors such as CD type, sex, appliance type, cleft location, underlying syndrome, and anatomical cleft morphology.
In a retrospective analysis, we searched our electronic patient records of newborn patients with CD admitted 01/2020-12/2022 for documented MU. For comparisons, Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test were used, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
A total of 248 patients (132 female, age range: 0–580 days) receiving 510 palatal plates were treated (51% CL/P, 26% RS; 24% DS); 81/248 (33%) infants had MU, occurring with 112/510 appliances (22%). MU were most common in RS patients (61/69; 88%), followed by CL/P (21/111; 19%). No MU were found in DS. MU occurrence differed significantly by type of orthodontic palatal plate (p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between sex, cleft location, presence of an underlying syndrome or cleft morphology and the occurrence of MU.
MU are common during palatal plate therapy. Our findings suggest that MU are correlated with both, the device's function and the mucosal load it applies. Parental training in device use and oral inspection, along with regular clinical check-ups, is advised to identify MU early, increase appliance quality and patient comfort.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of erythritol air-polishing on implant surface topography and bacterial colonization, and to determine the antimicrobial activity of erythritol powder.
Titanium implants, with machined/acid-etched hybrid design, were divided into three groups: erythritol air-polishing for 1 min (E1), 5 min (E5), and untreated control. Surface analysis was performed using a stylus profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). To test the ability to prevent biofilm formation, four bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis) were separately cultured on five implants per group and colony counting was performed. The intrinsic erythritol antibacterial activity was investigated by means of minimum inhibitory concentration against the same strains.
At SEM analysis implant surfaces appeared unaltered by air-polishing and presented increasing amount of residues depending on the treatment duration. Machined surfaces exhibited no significant differences in roughness parameters between the groups. On acid-etched surfaces, E5 presented significantly lower Ra (vs. E1 and control) and Rz (vs. control). The count of colonies was significantly lower for all bacterial strains on treated implants as compared to control, with E1 and E5 being equally capable to reduce by 1.5 log bacteria growth. Erythritol antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial strains was confirmed.
The proposed erythritol air-polishing protocols did not alter implant surfaces and the antimicrobial properties of erythritol are conserved by the titanium implant surfaces.
Erythritol air-polishing could be repeatedly used in supportive peri-implant care programmes.
The articular eminence is essential for the proper functioning of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), guiding the movement of the mandibular condyle along its posterior slope. Changes in the inclination of the articular eminence (AEI) can occur as a result of tooth loss or aging. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the AEI and the Eichner Index.
The study analyzed 162 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from patients with TMJ dysfunction. These images were categorized into three groups (A, B, and C) according to the Eichner Index. The posterior surface of the AEI was measured using the top-roof line method. An ANOVA test was conducted to assess the relationship between the Eichner Index and AEI.
A statistically significant relationship has been found between the AEI and the Eichner Index (p = 0.005). Class C had a significantly lower inclination than Classes A and B.
This study revealed that tooth loss impacts the AEI, with patients who have more missing teeth exhibiting a significantly flatter AEI. To prevent morphological changes and potential future issues in the TMJ, it is essential to ensure proper dental care and maintain occlusal support for these patients.
To assess how chronotherapy influences recovery after bilateral third molar extraction when Dexketoprofen is administered as an anti-inflammatory agent.
A randomized cross-over controlled trial with 10 patients with bilateral impacted third molar extraction was enrolled. For 7 days after the surgery, the chronotherapy group was prescribed one dose of Dexketoprofen (25 mg) limited to daytime, while the control group were given two doses per day (every 12 h). Pain intensity was recorded at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h, while facial swelling parameters were evaluated at baseline, 24, 72, and 168 h (Day 7) postoperatively. Also, the inflammatory profile was analyzed for each patient by blood samples at baseline, 72 and 168 h. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured using high-sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays.
No significant differences in postoperative VAS pain, swelling, and mouth opening (trismus) measures were observed between the two groups. However, the chronotherapy group had reduced overall postoperative complications compared to the control group. Regarding postoperative recovery, pain intensity scores in the chronotherapy group at 24, 48, and 72 h indicated a faster recovery than the control group. Blood samples analysis showed no statistical differences between the different inflammatory markers studied at 72 h or Day 7 in both groups.
Daytime administration of NSAIDs might be sufficient to manage postoperative pain after third molar extraction, and complications were similar between both groups.
Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials. gov, Identifier database: NCT05176158.
Guided endodontics allows precise access in challenging cases such as calcified canals; however, drilling can generate temperature increases that risk damaging periradicular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different sleeve materials—zirconia, cobalt-chromium (CoCr), and titanium—on temperature changes during guided endodontic access using finite-element analysis (FEA).
High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models of a human central incisor and titanium sleeve were developed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), 3D Slicer, Meshmixer, and SolidWorks. FEA simulations were conducted in Abaqus under a 2° deviation and 700 rpm drilling, with thermal properties based on literature. Experimental validation employed thermocouples to determine the temperature changes under identical conditions.
Results showed that zirconia sleeves produced the lowest temperature elevation (< 10°C) with localized concentration, while CoCr and titanium allowed more even heat dissipation.
Zirconia is an effective insulator due to its thermal conductivity properties. CoCr has emerged as a promising alternative to titanium, offering more favorable thermal and mechanical characteristics.
Hypericum perforatum L. offers several beneficial effects, for example antioxidant, antitumor, wound healing. Our aim was to ascertain the effect of H. perforatum extract gum on salivary Streptococcus mutans count, pH, plaque index, and gingival bleeding.
A total of 54 participants were assigned into two groups of gum with or without herbal extract. Unstimulated saliva was collected to assess Streptococcus mutans and pH.
Statistically significant differences in plaque index were observed between before and after use of gum in both groups (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in plaque index after applying H. perforatum gum compared to placebo (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences in gum bleeding between before and after use of herbal gum were observed (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between before and after gum use in placebo group (p = 0.24). A significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between herbal and placebo groups (p < 0.01). There was significant difference in Streptococcus mutans count between before and after gum use in both groups in two measurements (p < 0.01). Further, there was a significant difference in Streptococcus mutans count between herbal gum and placebo groups in two measurements (p < 0.01). Significant differences were observed in salivary pH between before and after consuming gum in herbal gum and placebo groups (p < 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively). No significant difference in salivary pH was observed between two groups (p = 0.07).
Our results revealed gum formulation of H. perforatum extract had significant effects on lowering salivary Streptococci mutans count, plaque index, and gingival bleeding compared to gum without extract group as well as their amounts before gum use. Although both gums elevated salivary pH, there was no statistically significant difference in short-term measurements. Under the conditions of this study, H. perforatum gum can be considered a promising adjutant for oral health improvement.
The aim of the present study was to examine whether the parental socioeconomic status of children was related to the number of orthodontic visits or orthodontic care from birth to adolescence.
The analyses are based on data from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study in a population sample of 504 children aged 7–9 years at baseline in 2007–2009. Parental education and household income at baseline were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic status. The number of orthodontic visits from birth to the age of 16 years was obtained from local healthcare registers.
On average, the participants had 16.1 (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) orthodontic visits during the follow-up period of 15.9 (SD 0.72) years. Of the participants, 58% had received orthodontic care, defined as at least six orthodontic visits including at least one orthodontic procedure and not just screening visits, and they had, on average, 25.8 (SD 14.1) orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Neither parental education nor household income was associated with the number of orthodontic visits or receiving orthodontic care during the follow-up. For instance, compared to low parental education and income groups, high education (−2.86; 95% confidence interval: −6.75; 1.03) and income groups (−0.08; 95% confidence interval: −4.66; 4.51) did not have considerably different numbers of orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Among children from families with lower parental education who received orthodontic care, boys had, on average, 21 visits (95% confidence interval: 16; 26) and girls had 31 visits (95% confidence interval: 25; 36).
Parental socioeconomic status did not seem to affect the number of orthodontic visits or the receipt of orthodontic care among children living in the city of Kuopio, Finland.
The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study (PANIC) was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01803776
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