The objective of our study was to re-evaluate periapical lesions, including radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) for locations, histopathological features, and degree of fibrosis in relation to the inflammatory response. In addition, we examined the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) since both are widely recognized pathogens in periodontal infections.
Methods
We re-evaluated samples of RCs and PGs (n = 728) and collected data for analyses by IBM's SPSS Statistics. Among these samples, we stained 93 samples to determine the immunoexpression of Pg and Fn. For immunostaining, we used Gingipain R1 antibody for Pg and Rabbit anti-Fn antibody for Fn.
Results
Fibrosis is associated with mild inflammation. We found a significant positive correlation between Pg and Fn. Thus, these pathogens are likely to occur together in periapical inflammatory lesions. We additionally noted that these periodontopathic pathogens are more likely to be present in RCs than in PGs.
Conclusions
Asymptomatic radiologically diagnosed periapical lesions may not necessarily need root canal retreatment in healthy patients since these lesions may represent scar tissue rather than active apical periodontitis. Clinical and radiological follow-up is still needed. Yet, periapical lesions, especially cysts, may contain dystopic periodontopathic pathogens, and Pg and Fn often occur together in periapical lesions.
{"title":"Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas: Data Documentation for 696 Cases and Findings on Fibrosis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in These Lesions","authors":"Sirke Virkkunen, Terhi Kaarela, Merja Laine, Auli Suominen, Jaana Hagström, Timo Sorsa, Caj Haglund","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of our study was to re-evaluate periapical lesions, including radicular cysts (RCs) and periapical granulomas (PGs) for locations, histopathological features, and degree of fibrosis in relation to the inflammatory response. In addition, we examined the presence of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (Pg) and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (Fn) since both are widely recognized pathogens in periodontal infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We re-evaluated samples of RCs and PGs (<i>n</i> = 728) and collected data for analyses by IBM's SPSS Statistics. Among these samples, we stained 93 samples to determine the immunoexpression of Pg and Fn. For immunostaining, we used Gingipain R1 antibody for Pg and Rabbit anti-Fn antibody for Fn.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fibrosis is associated with mild inflammation. We found a significant positive correlation between Pg and Fn. Thus, these pathogens are likely to occur together in periapical inflammatory lesions. We additionally noted that these periodontopathic pathogens are more likely to be present in RCs than in PGs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asymptomatic radiologically diagnosed periapical lesions may not necessarily need root canal retreatment in healthy patients since these lesions may represent scar tissue rather than active apical periodontitis. Clinical and radiological follow-up is still needed. Yet, periapical lesions, especially cysts, may contain dystopic periodontopathic pathogens, and Pg and Fn often occur together in periapical lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Wang, Chen Liu, Yuchen Liu, Dan Ma, Ruifang Ren, Mingxing Zhang, Jiawen Guo, Yimin Zhao, Dongmei Li, Shizhu Bai
Objectives
This retrospective, non-interventional study aimed to evaluate the longevity and factors influencing the success of custom-fabricated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post-and-cores in endodontically treated teeth (ETT).
Material and Methods
During the observation period (2019–2022), 63 patients received 100 customized PEEK post-and-cores. Clinical outcomes were analyzed based on the following parameters: age, gender, tooth type, tooth position, proximal contacts, remaining cavity walls, antagonist contacts, and final restoration. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for the survival probability. Log-rank tests were used to identify univariate associations between failure rates and other potential factors. Cox regression was used to assess the risk of failure and determine possible risks between the identified factors at a cut-off point p-value (0.25 in univariate analysis).
Results
The median follow-up duration was 20.62 months, with a maximum of 40.57 months. 93 restorations were judged as successful and 99 teeth survived. The main failure type was decementation of the restoration (n = 4). The annual failure rate was 3.4%. Gender, remaining tooth structure, and final restoration were found to be correlated with success rates in the preliminary univariate analysis (Log-rank tests) to determine the association between failure rates and potential factors. Multifactorial survival analysis (Cox regression) showed that teeth with coronal walls had a significantly lower failure risk than deprived teeth, even with the ferrule effect. (HR = 0.04; 95% CI for HR = 0.01–0.29; p = 0.002).
Conclusions
PEEK post-and-cores adapt well to clinical restorative needs and offer favorable short-term clinical outcomes. The remaining cavity wall was a significant success rate predictor.
{"title":"Clinical Outcome and Predictors of Customized Polyetheretherketone Post-and-Cores for Residual Root and Crown: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Xin Wang, Chen Liu, Yuchen Liu, Dan Ma, Ruifang Ren, Mingxing Zhang, Jiawen Guo, Yimin Zhao, Dongmei Li, Shizhu Bai","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, non-interventional study aimed to evaluate the longevity and factors influencing the success of custom-fabricated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post-and-cores in endodontically treated teeth (ETT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the observation period (2019–2022), 63 patients received 100 customized PEEK post-and-cores. Clinical outcomes were analyzed based on the following parameters: age, gender, tooth type, tooth position, proximal contacts, remaining cavity walls, antagonist contacts, and final restoration. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for the survival probability. Log-rank tests were used to identify univariate associations between failure rates and other potential factors. Cox regression was used to assess the risk of failure and determine possible risks between the identified factors at a cut-off point <i>p</i>-value (0.25 in univariate analysis).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median follow-up duration was 20.62 months, with a maximum of 40.57 months. 93 restorations were judged as successful and 99 teeth survived. The main failure type was decementation of the restoration (<i>n</i> = 4). The annual failure rate was 3.4%. Gender, remaining tooth structure, and final restoration were found to be correlated with success rates in the preliminary univariate analysis (Log-rank tests) to determine the association between failure rates and potential factors. Multifactorial survival analysis (Cox regression) showed that teeth with coronal walls had a significantly lower failure risk than deprived teeth, even with the ferrule effect. (HR = 0.04; 95% CI for HR = 0.01–0.29; <i>p</i> = 0.002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PEEK post-and-cores adapt well to clinical restorative needs and offer favorable short-term clinical outcomes. The remaining cavity wall was a significant success rate predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-translucent zirconia thickness and substrate shade on the final color of the restoration.
Material and Methods
A total of 60 high-translucent monolithic zirconia disks were prepared using a CAD/CAM system. They were placed on composite substrates with A2, A3.5, and C3 colors (n = 10). The color differences (ΔE) of the ceramic disks on the A3.5 and C3 substrate compared to the control group (A2) were calculated and compared with acceptable thresholds (ΔE = 5.5) and perceptible thresholds (ΔE = 2/6). A one-sample t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data statistically.
Results
The highest ΔE values were observed when comparing two zirconia disk thicknesses on the A3.2 substrate without cement (ΔE = 5/65). The lowest value of ΔE compared to the control group (A2) was related to the disk with 1 mm thickness on the A3.5 substrate (ΔE = 2/54), and the highest value was for the disk with 0.6 mm thickness on the C3 substrate (ΔE = 4/88).
Conclusions
Using the zirconia disk with a 1 mm thickness on the C3 structure and a disk with a 0.6 mm thickness on the A3.5 structure with the presence of F2 cement can achieve an acceptable color difference (value of 5.5).
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of High-Translucent Zirconia Thickness and Substrate Shade on the Final Color of the Restoration","authors":"Mahnaz Hatami, Elham Jalali, Mohamad Hossein Lotfi Kamran, Alireza Danesh Kazemi, Amirhossein Fathi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-translucent zirconia thickness and substrate shade on the final color of the restoration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 60 high-translucent monolithic zirconia disks were prepared using a CAD/CAM system. They were placed on composite substrates with A2, A3.5, and C3 colors (<i>n</i> = 10). The color differences (Δ<i>E</i>) of the ceramic disks on the A3.5 and C3 substrate compared to the control group (A2) were calculated and compared with acceptable thresholds (Δ<i>E</i> = 5.5) and perceptible thresholds (Δ<i>E</i> = 2/6). A one-sample <i>t</i>-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data statistically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The highest Δ<i>E</i> values were observed when comparing two zirconia disk thicknesses on the A3.2 substrate without cement (Δ<i>E</i> = 5/65). The lowest value of Δ<i>E</i> compared to the control group (A2) was related to the disk with 1 mm thickness on the A3.5 substrate (Δ<i>E</i> = 2/54), and the highest value was for the disk with 0.6 mm thickness on the C3 substrate (Δ<i>E</i> = 4/88).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the zirconia disk with a 1 mm thickness on the C3 structure and a disk with a 0.6 mm thickness on the A3.5 structure with the presence of F2 cement can achieve an acceptable color difference (value of 5.5).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeast Iran over a 53-year period.
Material and Methods
In this retrospective study, we obtained data on OSCC cases in Northeast Iran spanning 53 years (1970–2022), including demographic details, such as age, sex, site, and histopathological grade. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and frequencies were compared using the chi-squared test to evaluate differences between sexes, age groups, cancer sites, and histopathological grades. Additionally, we assessed the associations of each OSCC site with age, sex, and histopathological grade. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a confidence interval of 95%.
Results
This study examined 13,769 cases, among which 507 were diagnosed with OSCC, accounting for 3.68% of the total cases. The mean age was 59.27 ± 14.94 years, with a significantly higher prevalence of OSCC among individuals older than 50 years (p < 0.001). There were nearly equal proportions of males and females, with the tongue being the most common site (28.4%), followed by the gingiva (26.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.5%). Grade 1 (well differentiated) OSCC was significantly more prevalent (54%) than other grades. There was a significant association between sex and tongue SCC in females (p = 0.006) and between sex and lip SCC in males (p = 0.008). Prevalence in individuals above 50 was significant for the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lip (p = 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.028, respectively). In the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and floor of the mouth, grade 1 was significantly more prevalent (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Our study revealed that OSCC predominantly affects individuals older than 50 years, with nearly equal prevalence between sexes. The most commonly affected sites are the tongue and gingiva, often exhibiting grade 1 histopathological findings. Enhanced community awareness of risk factors and regular oral examinations are essential for reducing the incidence of OSCC.
{"title":"Assessing the 53-Year Epidemiological Trends of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeastern Iran","authors":"Nasrollah Saghravanian, Yasamin Tajdini, Pooya Saeedi, Mahsa Ghorbani","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Northeast Iran over a 53-year period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this retrospective study, we obtained data on OSCC cases in Northeast Iran spanning 53 years (1970–2022), including demographic details, such as age, sex, site, and histopathological grade. Descriptive analysis was conducted, and frequencies were compared using the chi-squared test to evaluate differences between sexes, age groups, cancer sites, and histopathological grades. Additionally, we assessed the associations of each OSCC site with age, sex, and histopathological grade. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05, with a confidence interval of 95%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined 13,769 cases, among which 507 were diagnosed with OSCC, accounting for 3.68% of the total cases. The mean age was 59.27 ± 14.94 years, with a significantly higher prevalence of OSCC among individuals older than 50 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There were nearly equal proportions of males and females, with the tongue being the most common site (28.4%), followed by the gingiva (26.4%) and buccal mucosa (19.5%). Grade 1 (well differentiated) OSCC was significantly more prevalent (54%) than other grades. There was a significant association between sex and tongue SCC in females (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and between sex and lip SCC in males (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Prevalence in individuals above 50 was significant for the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lip (<i>p</i> = 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.028, respectively). In the tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and floor of the mouth, grade 1 was significantly more prevalent (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed that OSCC predominantly affects individuals older than 50 years, with nearly equal prevalence between sexes. The most commonly affected sites are the tongue and gingiva, often exhibiting grade 1 histopathological findings. Enhanced community awareness of risk factors and regular oral examinations are essential for reducing the incidence of OSCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Diehl, Charlotte Lauren Brauer, Hagen S. Bachmann, Daniel Pembaur, Patrick Philipp Weil, Anton Friedmann
Objectives
Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease with established systemic implications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication, potentially linking periodontitis to systemic diseases. However, the molecular cargo of EVs from inflamed periodontal cells remains poorly characterized. This study investigates the EV cargo of human gingival fibroblasts (hGF-hTERT) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and explores their potential role in cancer progression.
Materials and Methods
EVs were isolated from LPS-treated and untreated fibroblasts via ultracentrifugation. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy characterized EV size and morphology. RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed miRNAs, validated by qPCR. Functional pathway enrichment and in-silico analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to assess EV-associated miRNA impact on tumorigenesis.
Results
EV size and concentration remained unchanged after LPS stimulation. However, LPS-derived EVs exhibited a 2.6-fold increase in miRNA content, with three significantly upregulated miRNAs: miR-146a-5p, miR-486-5p, and miR-451a. Functional enrichment analysis revealed their involvement in inflammation, immune modulation, and cancer pathways. In vitro, LPS-derived EVs significantly enhanced prostate cancer (LnCap) cell proliferation. TCGA analysis linked the upregulated miRNAs to poor cancer prognosis.
Conclusions
LPS stimulation alters the miRNA cargo of gingival fibroblast-derived EVs, enhancing pathways associated with inflammation and cancer progression. These findings suggest a mechanistic role for periodontal EVs in systemic disease pathogenesis, warranting further investigation into their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Gingival Fibroblast Reveal Distinct miRNA Expression Patterns Associated With Reduced Cancer Survival","authors":"Daniel Diehl, Charlotte Lauren Brauer, Hagen S. Bachmann, Daniel Pembaur, Patrick Philipp Weil, Anton Friedmann","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease with established systemic implications. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication, potentially linking periodontitis to systemic diseases. However, the molecular cargo of EVs from inflamed periodontal cells remains poorly characterized. This study investigates the EV cargo of human gingival fibroblasts (hGF-hTERT) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and explores their potential role in cancer progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EVs were isolated from LPS-treated and untreated fibroblasts via ultracentrifugation. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy characterized EV size and morphology. RNA sequencing identified differentially expressed miRNAs, validated by qPCR. Functional pathway enrichment and in-silico analyses using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to assess EV-associated miRNA impact on tumorigenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EV size and concentration remained unchanged after LPS stimulation. However, LPS-derived EVs exhibited a 2.6-fold increase in miRNA content, with three significantly upregulated miRNAs: miR-146a-5p, miR-486-5p, and miR-451a. Functional enrichment analysis revealed their involvement in inflammation, immune modulation, and cancer pathways. In vitro, LPS-derived EVs significantly enhanced prostate cancer (LnCap) cell proliferation. TCGA analysis linked the upregulated miRNAs to poor cancer prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LPS stimulation alters the miRNA cargo of gingival fibroblast-derived EVs, enhancing pathways associated with inflammation and cancer progression. These findings suggest a mechanistic role for periodontal EVs in systemic disease pathogenesis, warranting further investigation into their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique González-García, Nasib Balut-Chahin, Claudia Daniela Rojo-Arce, María Eugenia Jiménez Corona, Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert, Jean Marc Retrouvey
Objectives
The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the mesial and distal proximal enamel thickness available (PETa), (2) estimate the proximal enamel thickness remaining (PETr) on the basis of planned IPR, and (3) assess PETr-associated risks with varying IPR amounts.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using CBCT scans. PETa was estimated using on-demand software. Mesial and distal PET were measured at the middle third of the crown. The means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the PETa and PETr data are reported. Differences between the mesial and distal PETa values were compared.
Results
A total of 1615 teeth were analyzed via CBCT. The mean PETa values ranged from 0.96 to 1.29 mm (mesial) and from 0.98 to 1.25 mm (distal). Differences between mesial and distal PETa were statistically significant, averaging 0.10 mm proximally (p < 0.050). In particular, these differences were observed in cuspids, including tooth 13 (1.18 ± 0.24 vs. 1.25 ± 0.28; p = 0.021), tooth 23 (1.25 ± 0.26 vs. 1.15 ± 0.28; p < 0.001), tooth 33 (1.22 ± 0.26 vs. 1.10 ± 0.23; p < 0.001), and tooth 43 (1.29 ± 0.24 vs. 1.13 ± 0.20; p < 0.001). The mean PETr values for single-site IPRs < 0.4 mm were 0.58 mm (mesial) and 0.57 mm (distal). Exceeding a single-site IPR of 0.20 mm significantly increased the proportion of interproximal sites classified as moderate or high risk, particularly in teeth with thinner enamel (< 0.7 mm).
Conclusions
PETa and PETr are critical for determining safe and individualized IPR. CBCT-based PETa evaluations are strongly recommended when single-site IPRs exceeding 0.20 mm are planned to increase precision and reduce the risk of excessive enamel reduction.
{"title":"Assessing Enamel Thickness to Estimate Interproximal Reduction: A CBCT-Based Study","authors":"Enrique González-García, Nasib Balut-Chahin, Claudia Daniela Rojo-Arce, María Eugenia Jiménez Corona, Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert, Jean Marc Retrouvey","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the mesial and distal proximal enamel thickness available (PETa), (2) estimate the proximal enamel thickness remaining (PETr) on the basis of planned IPR, and (3) assess PETr-associated risks with varying IPR amounts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using CBCT scans. PETa was estimated using on-demand software. Mesial and distal PET were measured at the middle third of the crown. The means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the PETa and PETr data are reported. Differences between the mesial and distal PETa values were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1615 teeth were analyzed via CBCT. The mean PETa values ranged from 0.96 to 1.29 mm (mesial) and from 0.98 to 1.25 mm (distal). Differences between mesial and distal PETa were statistically significant, averaging 0.10 mm proximally (<i>p</i> < 0.050). In particular, these differences were observed in cuspids, including tooth 13 (1.18 ± 0.24 vs. 1.25 ± 0.28; <i>p</i> = 0.021), tooth 23 (1.25 ± 0.26 vs. 1.15 ± 0.28; <i>p</i> < 0.001), tooth 33 (1.22 ± 0.26 vs. 1.10 ± 0.23; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and tooth 43 (1.29 ± 0.24 vs. 1.13 ± 0.20; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The mean PETr values for single-site IPRs < 0.4 mm were 0.58 mm (mesial) and 0.57 mm (distal). Exceeding a single-site IPR of 0.20 mm significantly increased the proportion of interproximal sites classified as moderate or high risk, particularly in teeth with thinner enamel (< 0.7 mm).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PETa and PETr are critical for determining safe and individualized IPR. CBCT-based PETa evaluations are strongly recommended when single-site IPRs exceeding 0.20 mm are planned to increase precision and reduce the risk of excessive enamel reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to describe the dental visiting patterns and ascertain their associations with clinically assessed dental caries and periodontal disease levels of dentate Australian adults.
Materials and Methods
A three-stage stratified probability sampling design was used to randomly select a cross-section of Australians aged 15+ years. Self-reported oral health and related information was obtained using questionnaire-based interviews. Dental visiting patterns studied were usual frequency of dental visits, usual reason for dental visit, and use of a regular dentist. Oral examinations were conducted following a standardized protocol in public dental clinics. A total of 5022 dentate adults aged 15+ years who were interviewed and orally examined were included in the current analysis.
Results
Higher proportions of adults with lower education levels and no dental insurance usually visited for a dental problem, made dental visits less frequently, and did not use a regular dentist. Individuals who were usually visiting for a dental problem, making dental visits less frequently, and not using a regular dentist had higher levels of dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Conclusions
Dental visiting patterns of Australian adults were associated with their socioeconomic backgrounds. Usually visiting for a dental problem, making dental visits less frequently, and not using a regular dentist were more likely to be associated with higher levels of dental caries and periodontal diseases. These findings may help clinicians to recognize patients at increased risk for dental caries and periodontal diseases while apprising policy makers to plan and implement programs for dental service provision.
{"title":"Dental Visiting Patterns and Their Associations With Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases","authors":"Najith Amarasena, Liana Luzzi, Sergio Chrisopoulos, Gloria Mejia","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted to describe the dental visiting patterns and ascertain their associations with clinically assessed dental caries and periodontal disease levels of dentate Australian adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A three-stage stratified probability sampling design was used to randomly select a cross-section of Australians aged 15+ years. Self-reported oral health and related information was obtained using questionnaire-based interviews. Dental visiting patterns studied were usual frequency of dental visits, usual reason for dental visit, and use of a regular dentist. Oral examinations were conducted following a standardized protocol in public dental clinics. A total of 5022 dentate adults aged 15+ years who were interviewed and orally examined were included in the current analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher proportions of adults with lower education levels and no dental insurance usually visited for a dental problem, made dental visits less frequently, and did not use a regular dentist. Individuals who were usually visiting for a dental problem, making dental visits less frequently, and not using a regular dentist had higher levels of dental caries and periodontal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental visiting patterns of Australian adults were associated with their socioeconomic backgrounds. Usually visiting for a dental problem, making dental visits less frequently, and not using a regular dentist were more likely to be associated with higher levels of dental caries and periodontal diseases. These findings may help clinicians to recognize patients at increased risk for dental caries and periodontal diseases while apprising policy makers to plan and implement programs for dental service provision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela Rovera, Ali S. Alzahrani, Guido Rovera, Paul Anderson
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries.
Methods
Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P-Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.
Results
The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P-NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P-NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P-NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+.
Conclusions
This parotid saliva 31P-NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.
{"title":"Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries","authors":"Angela Rovera, Ali S. Alzahrani, Guido Rovera, Paul Anderson","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup>) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using <sup>31</sup>P-Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopy (<sup>31</sup>P-NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The <sup>31</sup>P-NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], aluminum activity {Al<sup>3+</sup>}, and DS<sub>HAp</sub> significantly correlated with the <sup>31</sup>P-NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the <sup>31</sup>P-NMR peak position value and the activities of K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This parotid saliva <sup>31</sup>P-NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca<sup>2+</sup>], aluminum activity {Al<sup>3+</sup>}, and DS<sub>HAp</sub> significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roman Tatiana, Robert Thomas, Leclercq Olivier, Nafash Gilbert, Kharouf Naji, Olivier Etienne, Boschin Francois
Objectives
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare benign tumor. Extended aggressive lesions require large resections, which can lead to bone defects and tooth loss. Rehabilitative treatment is necessary to restore good aesthetics and function. However, the protocol for implant treatment post-CGCG is still unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to shed light on the rehabilitation protocol for CGCG sites by outlining the relevance and timing of implant surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation.
Materials and methods
The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement and searched databases for data published between 1999 and 2023. The scoping review aimed to answer the question: “In patients with a diagnosed and treated CGCG, able to receive an implant, does the CGCG tumor recur before or after implant surgery”? Only articles that described cases where patients with a diagnosed CGCG received an implant in a site previously affected by CGCG were included.
Results
The review describes seven case reports and one case series that discuss implantology-driven restoration after CGCG exeresis in humans. The patients, aged between 7 and 80 years, underwent surgical removal of CGCG and received implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. A total of 34 implants were placed between 4 and 60 months after the tumor-resection surgery. No recurring lesions were observed during the follow-up period, which ranged between 2 and 12 years.
Conclusions
Based on the limited evidence available, it appears that implant placement after CGCG removal is safe after a minimum of 4 months of healing. However, further research is necessary to confirm this conclusion.
{"title":"Relevance and Timing of Implant-Driven Rehabilitation in Central Giant Cell Granuloma Cases—A Scoping Review","authors":"Roman Tatiana, Robert Thomas, Leclercq Olivier, Nafash Gilbert, Kharouf Naji, Olivier Etienne, Boschin Francois","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare benign tumor. Extended aggressive lesions require large resections, which can lead to bone defects and tooth loss. Rehabilitative treatment is necessary to restore good aesthetics and function. However, the protocol for implant treatment post-CGCG is still unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to shed light on the rehabilitation protocol for CGCG sites by outlining the relevance and timing of implant surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement and searched databases for data published between 1999 and 2023. The scoping review aimed to answer the question: “In patients with a diagnosed and treated CGCG, able to receive an implant, does the CGCG tumor recur before or after implant surgery”? Only articles that described cases where patients with a diagnosed CGCG received an implant in a site previously affected by CGCG were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review describes seven case reports and one case series that discuss implantology-driven restoration after CGCG exeresis in humans. The patients, aged between 7 and 80 years, underwent surgical removal of CGCG and received implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. A total of 34 implants were placed between 4 and 60 months after the tumor-resection surgery. No recurring lesions were observed during the follow-up period, which ranged between 2 and 12 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the limited evidence available, it appears that implant placement after CGCG removal is safe after a minimum of 4 months of healing. However, further research is necessary to confirm this conclusion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vasilios Alevizakos, Richard Mosch, Ann-Christin Platte, Constantin von See
Objectives
This study evaluated the effects of repeated use and sterilization on the wear and cutting-edge integrity of zirconia implant drills.
Materials and Methods
Sixty zirconium dioxide drills (Z-Systems AG) with diameters of 2.3, 3.75, and 4.25 mm were tested. Drilling was performed in porcine mandibular bone under standardized conditions: 800 rpm, 50 Ncm torque, and 20 N axial pressure. Drills were divided into two groups: Group 1 (sterilized but unused) and Group 2 (30 drilling cycles with reprocessing). Wear was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1000x magnification, applying a three-grade scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05).
Results
Drills subjected to 30 cycles showed significantly higher wear grades (Grade 2–3) compared to unused drills (Grade 0–1) (p < 0.001). The mean wear grades increased from 0.3 to 2.6 for 2.3 mm, from 0.4 to 2.7 for 3.75 mm, and from 0.2 to 2.7 for 4.25 mm drills. Effect sizes (r = 0.88–0.90) confirmed a strong relationship between repeated use and wear.
Conclusions
Zirconia drills show significant wear after 30 cycles. Although they offer potential as an alternative to steel drills, further research is needed to optimize cost-effectiveness and clinical durability.
Clinical Trial Registration
Not applicable.
{"title":"Effects of Repeated Use and Sterilization on the Wear of Zirconia Implant Drills: A SEM-Based Analysis","authors":"Vasilios Alevizakos, Richard Mosch, Ann-Christin Platte, Constantin von See","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the effects of repeated use and sterilization on the wear and cutting-edge integrity of zirconia implant drills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty zirconium dioxide drills (Z-Systems AG) with diameters of 2.3, 3.75, and 4.25 mm were tested. Drilling was performed in porcine mandibular bone under standardized conditions: 800 rpm, 50 Ncm torque, and 20 N axial pressure. Drills were divided into two groups: Group 1 (sterilized but unused) and Group 2 (30 drilling cycles with reprocessing). Wear was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 1000x magnification, applying a three-grade scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drills subjected to 30 cycles showed significantly higher wear grades (Grade 2–3) compared to unused drills (Grade 0–1) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The mean wear grades increased from 0.3 to 2.6 for 2.3 mm, from 0.4 to 2.7 for 3.75 mm, and from 0.2 to 2.7 for 4.25 mm drills. Effect sizes (<i>r</i> = 0.88–0.90) confirmed a strong relationship between repeated use and wear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zirconia drills show significant wear after 30 cycles. Although they offer potential as an alternative to steel drills, further research is needed to optimize cost-effectiveness and clinical durability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Clinical Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Not applicable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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