Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

Objectives

Oral health is an important aspect of quality of life for older people, especially those with dementia. The impact of an active oral hygiene program on the oral microbiome was explored in a group of older participants (average age 84 years old) with dementia against a separate control group whose oral hygiene followed the status quo.

Materials and Methods

The oral cavity bacteriomes and mycobiomes were assessed from swabs of cheek, gum, and tongue surfaces. Samples were collected at the beginning and end of a 6-week study period, and bacterial and fungal community profiles were determined by short-read metabarcode sequencing of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, respectively.

Results

The predominant bacteria were found to be in order of abundance: Streptococcus, Cellulosimicrobium, Rothia, Veillonella, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and species that belonged to the families Lactobacillaceae and Gemellaceae. Similarly, common fungal species belonged to Saccharomyces and the Candida-Lodderomyces clade. The intensive oral hygiene program did not affect bacterial or fungal taxa distributions. A minor reduction in bacterial species richness (15%–20%) was observed post-intervention in both groups. Mycobiome outcomes varied by sampling sites, unlike bacterial communities, which were relatively homogenous. Participant differences, potentially individual health status, genetics, and other personal factors, explained most data set variations (70%–78% of the variance), with the experimental design accounting for about 2%.

Conclusions

To enable an alteration of oral cavity communities that may improve overall oral health and mitigate infectious disease risks in older people, especially those in residential care, targeted and specific hygiene approaches may be needed for the purposes of assessing effectiveness at the microbiological level. Future research should focus on developing and testing such targeted strategies to mitigate infectious disease risks and enhance the quality of life for older individuals, particularly those in residential care settings.

Objectives

Dental trauma is a frequent injury in contact sports such as handball an basketball. This study aimed to evaluate preventive measures in dental traumatology and assess the knowledge of medical teams in elite German handball and basketball.

Material and Methods

From March to June 2024, supervisors of 1st and 2nd German Bundesliga handball (HB) and basketball (BB) teams were invited via email to complete an online questionnaire (Socey Survey). The survey addressed preventive measures, management of dental and dentoalveolar trauma, the importance of education, and behavioral guidelines.

Results

A total of 31 of 165 supervisors participated (response rate 19%; HB: 42% [n = 28], BB: 3% [n = 3]). Analyses focused on HB due to the limited number of BB responses. Most HB supervisors (82%) reported checking tetanus immunization status. Although 39% recommended sports mouthguards, only 15% of players used them. During the 2022/2023 season, 29% of HB teams reported at least one dental trauma. Although 96% recognized the need for immediate dental care in pulp-involved trauma, only 64% were aware of dental rescue boxes, and 46% lacked one on the pitch. Clear differences were observed between leagues: 82% of 1st Bundesliga teams had a rescue box compared to 11% in the 2nd Bundesliga. Mouthguard use was also more common in the 1st Bundesliga.

Conclusions

In elite German handball, dental trauma prevention focuses primarily on tetanus vaccination, whereas sports mouthguards and dental rescue boxes receive less attention. Targeted education and awareness campaigns for coaches and players may improve the prevention, management, and treatment of dental injuries.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the burden of untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth in China from 1990 to 2019 and projects its future trends through 2039.

Materials and Methods

Data on the burden of caries in primary and permanent teeth in China between 1990 and 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to assess the current burden of untreated caries. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using a joinpoint regression model to evaluate temporal trends in the burden of untreated caries. A Bayesian age–period–cohort model was applied to project the burden of untreated caries between 2019 and 2039.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of untreated caries in deciduous teeth in China increased by 6.8%, with an AAPC of 0.22 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.15–0.22, p < 0.05). The ASIR of caries in permanent teeth decreased by 1.3%, with an AAPC of −0.05 (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.05, p < 0.05). The highest incidence of caries in primary teeth was observed in the 0–4 age group, whereas the highest ASIR of caries in permanent teeth was observed in the 20–24 age group. No significant sex differences were found in the incidence rates of caries in either dentition. Projections from 2020 to 2039 indicate an upward trend in the ASIR of caries in both deciduous and permanent teeth.

Conclusions

Over the past 30 years, the burden of dental caries in China has increased significantly. Projections indicate that the ASIR of dental caries will continue to increase. Therefore, appropriate prevention and control strategies are required to reduce the burden of caries in the Chinese population.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with Curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) or Açai (Euterpe oleracea) versus a commercial treatment and photobiomodulation in rat palatal wounds.

Methods

In vitro cell viability tests assessed nanoparticle toxicity. The animals were initially anesthetized, and circular lesions were created in the palatine mucosa using a 4 mm/diameter punch. The first treatment session commenced 24 h after the injury and continued daily for 5 days. Twenty-four hours after the final treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the palatal mucosa tissue was collected for histological and biochemical analyses.

Results

AgNPs-Cur significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidant markers, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, the wound contraction rate, and the collagen area, and reduced the inflammatory infiltrate compared to the controls.

Conclusion

The therapies effectively aided inflammation resolution and accelerated tissue repair. This study highlights potential cost-effective and efficient alternatives for oral and palatal mucosa wound healing, improving upon standard commercial treatments.

Objective

To explore the mechanism by which hsa_circ_0005325 affects the proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration, and angiogenesis-promoting behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the miR-433-3p/HMGA2 axis.

Material and Methods

qRT‒PCR was used to measure the expression of hsa_circ_0005325 in SCC25 and CAL-27 cells and normal human oral epithelial cells (HOK). SCC25 and CAL-27 cells were cultured, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell apoptosis, plate colony formation, Transwell migration and a tube formation assays were used to detect changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation, migration and angiogenesis, respectively.

Results

The expression of hsa_circ_0005325 was significantly increased in SCC25 and CAL-27 cells. Compared with those in the sh-NC group, the percentages of apoptotic SCC25 and CAL-27 cells in the sh-circ_0005325 group were significantly greater, and their proliferation, colony formation, migration and angiogenesis capacities were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Moreover, the protein expression level of HMGA2 was significantly decreased, and the expression level of miR-433-3p was significantly increased in the sh-circ_0005325 group versus the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0005325 is highly expressed in SCC25 and CAL-27 cells. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0005325 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of SCC25 and CAL-27 cells and promote their apoptosis.

Objectives

Effects of treatment under general anesthesia versus several sessions of at-office treatment on the transition of caries prevalence from primary to permanent dentitions have not been assessed. Moreover, other gaps exist in the literature.

Material and Methods

This 4-group non-randomized clinical trial was performed on 280 children 8–10 years old in 4 groups, including both negative and positive controls: children with a history of caries in primary teeth who were (1) treated routinely in office (n = 60) versus (2) under general anesthesia versus (n = 110) (3) similar children undergoing no treatment versus (positive control, n = 60) (4) children without a history of primary teeth caries (negative caries, n = 50). A clinical assessment was performed to assess dmft (caries and restoration statuses of primary teeth), OHI-S (oral hygiene), and ICDAS indexes (caries and restoration statuses of permanent molars). Data were analyzed (α = 0.05).

Results

There were significant, positive correlations among dmft, caries component of ICDAS, and OHI-S (p-values = 0.000). The dmft scores were significantly different across 4 groups (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.000), with children treated under general anesthesia followed by in-office treatment and no-treatment positive control group having the highest dmft scores (all Bonferroni-adjusted p-values ≤ 0.013). The ICDAS-caries of the general anesthesia group was significantly greater than the negative control, but also significantly smaller than both positive control and in-office treatment group (all Bonferroni-adjusted p-values ≤ 0.009). Groups were different in terms of OHI-S (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.000); hygiene was the worst in positive-control and in-office groups, followed by the anesthesia group and the negative control.

Conclusions

Although children who underwent treatment with general anesthesia had the worst dmft scores, treatment under general anesthesia considerably reduced caries of their permanent first molars (as indicated by ICDAS scores) and oral hygiene (as indicated by OHI-S) compared to children who were treated routinely in the office. Primary tooth caries might be a decisive predictor of permanent molar caries formation.

Objectives

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the oral mucosa, genetic and molecular alterations, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene, have been implicated in OLP pathogenesis. However, its molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study investigates p53 gene mutations in OLP lesions.

Material and Methods

This study analyzed 43 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from OLP patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by two pathologists. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit, with quality and quantity assessed by spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR-sequencing was performed on exons 5–8 and part of the adjacent introns of the p53 gene. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with Fisher's exact test and t-test applied to assess relationships between p53 mutations and clinical parameters; significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The study included 43 OLP cases (mean age 51.7  ±  13.3 years; 65.1% female). Lesions were most frequently located on the buccal mucosa (65.1%), followed by the tongue (20.9%), gingiva (19.3%), and mandible (4.7%). DNA sequencing identified 13 nucleotide changes in the p53 gene in 9 samples (20.9%), distributed across exons 5–7 and intronic regions at codons 140, 171, 185, 213, and 246, as well as at IVS4: +8(C/G), IVS7: −11(A/C), and IVS4: −18(A/T). Mutations included equal proportions of missense and silent changes, as well as transitions and transversions. Adenine mutations were most common (53.8%), followed by cytosine mutations (30.8%). No statistically significant associations were found between p53 mutations and patient gender, age, or anatomical site of sampling.

Conclusions

The study identified p53 gene mutations in 21% of oral lichen planus (OLP) cases, with no demographic or pathological correlations. While highlighting p53's complex role and potential as a biomarker, limited sample size necessitates larger, multi-center studies to clarify genetic/environmental influences on OLP pathogenesis and mutation predisposition.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to evaluate the buccal bone thickness and root length of the maxillary incisors in deep bite patients.

Material and Methods

Cone beam computed tomography data of 124 patients were randomly selected in this cross-sectional study. In the study, patients were divided into two groups, normal bite and deep bite, and buccal bone thickness and root length of the maxillary incisors were measured. Buccal bone thickness was measured at 4 mm apical to the cemento–enamel junction and at the midpoint of the root.

Results

By comparing these factors between the two groups of normal and deep bite, only the difference in the buccal bone thickness at the midpoint of the root of the central incisor between these two groups was statistically significant. Also, by comparing these factors between male and female patients, the root length of the central and lateral incisors and the buccal bone thickness in the mid root of the central incisor were significantly more in Men.

Conclusion

A significant disparity in the buccal bone thickness at the mid-root level of central incisors between normal bite and deep overbite patients was revealed.

Objective

This study aimed to conduct a comparative evaluation of the shear bond strength of etch and rinse (Single Bond 2), two-step self-etch (Clearfil SE) and one-step self-etch (Go Bond SDI and G-Premio Bond) bonding agents applied to primary teeth, using a universal testing machine.

Material and Methods

The sample was divided into four groups: Group A incorporated Single Bond 2, Group B constituted Clearfil SE, Group C constituted Go Bond SDI, and Group D constituted G-Premio Bond. In each group, 14 out of the total 56 primary canine teeth were considered. Composite restoration was performed using the identified bonding agents on the exposed dentin. A universal testing device was used to evaluate the shear bond strength of the samples. An ANOVA test was used to statistically analyze the obtained data.

Results

By using Kruskal–Wallis test, and determining 0.0080 as the level of significance, shear bond strength with mean standard deviation (SD) was 44.76 ± 32.49 MPa, 92.87 ± 48.63 MPa, 18.55 ± 14.08 MPa, and 22.65 ± 7.74 for Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE, Go Bond SDI, and G-Premio Bond, respectively. Maximum shear bond strength was found in the two-step self-etch bonding agent.

Conclusion

Since dentin is involved in most of pediatric caries, especially in rampant caries, providing an appropriate bond has a great impact on a successful restoration treatment. Considering our results, two-step self-etch bonding agent (Clearfil SE bond) demonstrated superior shear bond strength in dentin of anterior primary teeth, over Single Bond 2, Go Bond SDI, and G-Premio bonds. To establish a correlation among various factors affecting bond efficacy, further in vitro and clinical investigations are necessary.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy of the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) with a porcine dermal matrix (PDM) after a 12-month follow-up. There are no other Clinical trials evaluating a PDM over the period of 12 months.

Material and Methods

Patients with recession type (RT) 1 and RT 2 gingival recessions were treated with the MCAT and a novel PDM. Plaster casts (preoperative and 12 months postoperative) were scanned using a 3Shape Lab Scanner E3. The resulting STL files were imported and superimposed in the open-source software GOM Inspect for analysis. Measurements included recession depth, mean root and total root coverage (mRC and cRC), mean recession reduction (mRR), and gingival thickness. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed linear models.

Results

A total of 77 teeth (19 patients) were included in the study. Healing was uneventful in all patients. The mean preoperative recession depth was 1.26 mm ± 0.86 mm. mRC was 69.47% ± 61.90%, cRC was 29.79%, mRR was 0.87 ± 0.83 mm, and gingival thickness gain was 0.23 ± 0.24 mm, with comparable results for RT 1 and RT 2. Neither tooth type nor jaw type had any effect on root coverage.

Conclusions

The modified coronally advanced tunnel technique in combination with the analyzed porcine dermal matrix demonstrated stable results for root coverage and gingival thickness after 12 months of follow-up.

Trial Registration: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien/German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS); DRKS00023201.