Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

Objectives

This study investigates the impact of drill play on the precision of implant positioning under lateral forces in guided implantology.

Materials and Methods

An in vitro experiment was conducted using artificial bone blocks and the SIC Invent-guided surgery implant system. Custom drill guides were designed, and 3D-printed, using three sleeve types: sleeveless, a big sleeve, and a small sleeve. Drillings were performed with varying lateral forces, and deviations in angle, depth, and position were measured.

Results

Sleeveless guides showed the highest variability in deviations, with a maximum deviation of 3.92 mm under extreme lateral forces. Big sleeve guides provided the most consistent precision, with deviations ranging from 0.42 to 1.33 mm. Small sleeve guides showed moderate precision, with deviations from 0.14 to 2.17 mm. Higher lateral forces generally increased deviations across all guide types.

Conclusions

Drill play significantly affects the precision of guided implant drilling, with lateral forces causing deviations from the planned implant position. Big sleeve guides offer better precision under lateral loads compared to sleeveless and small sleeve guides. Strict adherence to the drilling protocol is essential to minimize errors and ensure optimal implant positioning.

Objective

This study systematically searched the literature and assessed the available evidence to compare the efficacy of Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FRD) versus Twin Block Appliance (TBA) in treating class II malocclusion.

Material and Methods

The search for published literature was published up to May 28, 2024. The databases were included in the search: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Oral Trials Register, Tripe, Web of Science, and Scopus. Additionally, unpublished literature was searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. All eligible studies were carefully reviewed and two reviewers independently extracted data. In cases of disagreement, an arbiter was consulted for resolution.

Results

Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five non-RCTs were included in this review. The total number of patients included in the studies examining SNA, SNB, and ANB was 254. The studies also looked at the variables Go-Gn, L1-ML, and U1-SN, with 279, 205, and 277 patients included for each variable, respectively. According to the evidence reported, TBA showed greater skeletal effects in terms of mandibular length and advancement. The pooled estimate revealed a statistically significant 1.3° increase in the SNB, and a decrease of −1.34° in the ANB angles for patients treated with TBA compared with those treated with FRD, with no statistically significant differences in the SNA angle. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias, while only two studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion

FRD has been proven to be an effective treatment device for correcting ANB and restricting SNA angle, similar to TBA. However, TBA appears to offer better mandibular length and SNB outcomes.

Objectives

Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans are stigmatized as cariogenic bacteria, but few studies have simultaneously examined the quantitative and qualitative aspects of lactobacilli and S. mutans in childhood dental caries. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the presence of S. mutans and lactobacilli in dental caries using Snyder's test, colony counting, and PCR in the primary teeth of Iranian children with dental caries.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran, from March to Jun 2024. After dental examinations, 120 eligible children aged 5–9 were chosen using simple random sampling and classified into four groups based on their decayed, missing, and filled (primary) teeth (dmft) index: Group 1 (dmft = 0), Group 2 (dmft = 4–6), Group 3 (dmft = 7–9), and Group 4 (dmft = 10–13). The salivary levels of lactobacilli and S. mutans were calculated using colony counting (CFU/ml). Moreover, Snyder's test was applied to evaluate caries activity. PCR was also performed for molecular detection of lactobacilli (16S rRNA gene) and S. mutans (gftB gene). Lastly, the association between bacterial counting, molecular findings, and Snyder's test was estimated through statistical methods using SPSS 27.

Results

Significant differences were found between the age and the PCR results of lactobacilli and S. mutans among all dmft Groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, positive significant correlations were observed between the counts of lactobacilli and S. mutans in dmft Group 1 compared to other dmft Groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the counts of these two bacteria differed significantly in Snyder's test (p < 0.05). However, Snyder's test differed significantly from the S. mutans PCR (p < 0.05), but not from the lactobacilli PCR (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of the study could potentially be considered a promising and cost-effective screening program to identify children who are susceptible to dental caries.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among women at prior high risk for gestational diabetes with the hypothesis that women with MetS show more signs of periodontal disease than women without MetS.

Material and Methods

A total of 112 women from an original study cohort of 348 women at high risk of gestational diabetes were examined 4–6 years postpartum. Diagnosis of MetS was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria. Insulin resistance was approximated by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Full-mouth examinations and panoramic radiographs provided the total dental index, number of teeth, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Clinical examination assessed bleeding on probing, probing depth, visible plaque index, signs of infection, and clinical attachment levels. The periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI) was also calculated. Information on oral health habits, symptoms, and individual opinions on oral health was collected through questionnaires.

Results

Five years after delivery, 21% of the women had MetS, and they had more gingivitis compared to those without MetS (bleeding on probing: 52% and 44%, p = 0.011). Women with MetS tended to have more periodontitis than those without (39% and 25%, p = 0.13). A high PIBI correlated with insulin resistance (partial correlation of PIBI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance: 0.25 p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Periodontal disease was associated with insulin resistance and MetS in women at prior high risk of developing gestational diabetes.

Objectives

Understanding human tooth structure fluorescence aids clinical and forensic dentistry, enabling tissue/material differentiation and the creation of esthetic restorative materials. Material manufacturers seek to replicate natural tooth fluorescence, necessitating the development of novel techniques to detect them. Procuring human teeth for research is challenging due to ethical and infection control standards, prompting a search for alternative models.

Material and Methods

This study compares visible light-induced fluorescence of porcine and human teeth to assess the value of porcine teeth as human analogs. Using a pulsed laser, an optimal fluorescence-inducing wavelength was determined, followed by comparing fluorescence spectra between species.

Results

Luminescence sensitivity and lifetimes were comparable between species, but spectral geometry differed.

Conclusion

Porcine teeth, commonly used for dental material investigations, may not be suitable for dental fluorescence studies due to spectral differences. Accurately mimicking human tooth fluorescence remains complex. Further research is needed to develop reliable alternatives for dental fluorescence investigations that will advance clinical and forensic dentistry.

Objectives

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disease in which the patient experiences a burning sensation in the oral mucosa without any pathological cause. Opiorphin is a pentapeptide that prevents pain and can have an antidepressant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin concentration in BMS and healthy subjects. In addition, opiorphin concentration in BMS patients before and after psychiatric treatment was compared and the association between burning severity and psychiatric scores with salivary opiorphin concentration was examined.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 28 BMS patients and 40 healthy individuals referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, from September 2018 to August 2019. Patients with proven disease based on clinical and psychiatric examinations were included in the study. Unstimulated salivary opiorphin levels were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.

Results

Salivary opiorphin levels were significantly higher in BMS patients (2.16 ± 0.30 ng/mL) than in healthy subjects (1.80 ± 0.36 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Opiorphin levels in BMS patients increased insignificantly after psychiatric therapy (p = 0.212). In addition, there was no significant association between opiorphin levels and age, gender, menopause, burning severity, anxiety, and depression status.

Conclusions

The opiorphin concentration in saliva is higher in BMS patients than in healthy subjects. Most BMS patients also suffer from anxiety and depression.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of local and systemic metronidazole in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

In this randomized clinical study, 30 patients (3 teeth per patient) were treated in three groups: scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment alone, metronidazole tablet as adjunctive treatment, and metronidazole gel as adjunctive treatment. BOP (bleeding on probing), PPD (pocket probing depth), and CAL (clinical attachment level) data were collected at the beginning and 3 months later. Collected data were tested by Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

BOP, CAL, and PPD levels were significantly different at the beginning of treatment and after 3 months, and this was true for all treatments. BOP, CAL, and PPD levels did not differ significantly between the three groups after the treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The effectiveness of these methods was all equal and SRP is still considered as the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings. Chronic periodontitis is a progressive disease that can cause tooth loss. The accepted treatment is SRP. Antibiotics used systemically can penetrate the depth of the periodontal pockets but have several side effects. Hence, using a less complicated medicinal form as a topical gel as adjunctive therapy in treating chronic periodontitis can be more effective.

Trial Registration: Iranian clinical trial https://en.irct.ir/: IRCT20210408050898N1

Objectives

Peri-implantitis (PI) is the most common biological issue surrounding dental implants. According to current knowledge, the aforementioned complication is not equally distributed across different populations, and gene polymorphisms might be one contributing factor. The current study aimed to examine the association between gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 1, -2, -3, -7, and -13 with PI in an Iranian demographic.

Material and Methods

The study's sample included 50 subjects suffering from PI and 89 healthy controls. From each participant, a venous blood sample of 5 cc was obtained, and DNA was extracted. Gene polymorphisms were investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) combined with electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were done using the Pearson chi-square test, odds ratio, and t-test via SPSS version 28.

Results

The MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) gene polymorphisms were significantly different between the patients with PI and healthy controls (PV < 0.001 and =0.025, respectively). MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G), MMP-2 (-1306 C/T), and MMP-13 (-77 A/G) gene polymorphisms did not, however, differ in terms of prevalence between the two groups (PV > 0.05). Moreover, the presence of the 6 A allele in the MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) genotype resulted in a significant decrease in PI risk (PV < 0.001).

Conclusions

Gene polymorphisms in the genotypes of MMP-3 (-1171 5A/6A) and MMP-7 (-181 A/G) were differential when comparing PI patients and healthy controls of the studied population.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate potential differences in biofilm accumulation on three different implant surfaces: turned surface (TS), modified surface (MS), and modified surface treated with implantoplasty (IPS), using a within-subject comparison.

Material and Methods

Ten volunteers wore individualized splints containing three titanium implants with different surfaces (TS, MS, and IPS) on each buccal side of the splint. The implant position (anterior, central, and posterior) was randomly assigned among the three implants on each side. Volunteers were instructed to wear the splint for 72 h and to remove it only for eating, drinking, and performing standard oral hygiene; the splint itself was not cleaned. After 72 h, the implants were carefully removed from the splint, and the accumulated biofilm was assessed using a crystal violet assay by measuring intensity/absorbance at 570 nm.

Results

All volunteers reported no deviations from the instructions. The lowest mean amount of biofilm (0.405 ± 0.07) was detected on implants of the IPS group, followed by implants of the MS (0.463 ± 0.06) and TS group (0.467 ± 0.07). A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis confirmed that implants of the IPS group accumulated a significantly lower amount of biofilm than the other surfaces (p < 0.001); however, no significant difference was detected between implants of the TS and MS groups (p = 0.806).

Conclusions

Implantoplasty can generate a surface significantly less conducive to biofilm accumulation in the short term compared to pristine implants with turned or modified surfaces.

Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06049121.