Clinica Chimica Acta最新文献

Background: The possible clinical utility of endocan, a novel inflammatory biomarker involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic performance in chest pain patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction (MI) to the ED in an international multicenter study. Endocan, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured in blood samples obtained at presentation. Final diagnoses were centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists applying the 4th universal definition of MI and current guidelines. Non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) was the diagnostic endpoint and 5-year cardiovascular death was the primary prognostic endpoint.

Results: Among 4728 patients, 843 (17.8 %) had NSTEMI. The diagnostic discrimination of endocan for NSTEMI was low (area under the curve (AUC) 0.585 [95 % CI: 0.563-0.607]. Its combination with hs-cTnT (0.939 [95 % CI: 0.931-0.947]) did not improve the discriminative performance of hs-cTnT alone (0.937 [95 % CI: 0.930-0.950]). Long-term prognostic accuracy of endocan was higher versus hs-CRP, but lower versus hs-cTnT (AUC 0.730 [0.710-0.760] vs 0.650 [0.620-0.680] vs 0.810 [0.790-0.830], respectively). Endocan was associated with an increased 5-year risk for cardiovascular mortality. However, it did not provide relevant incremental prognostic value when added on top of a base model that included SCORE2 risk factors and hs-cTnT.

Conclusion: Endocan has a low diagnostic accuracy for NSTEMI, and moderate long-term prognostic accuracy for cardiovascular death.

Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00470587, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00470587https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00470587.

Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, necessitates the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for early detection and personalized treatment. An aptamer-based biosensor (aptasensor) is a biosensor that utilizes aptamers as its biorecognition element such as single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that are specifically selected to bind to a target molecule with high affinity. Aptasensors have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional methods, offering advantages such as high affinity, specificity, and ease of synthesis. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in aptasensor technology for breast cancer diagnostics, focusing on the detection of key biomarkers. In this review, first after an overview to different types of aptasensors, we discuss the different type of aptamer immobilization methods on sensor surfaces using covalent, adsorption, and thiol-based self-assembly techniques. Furthermore, we present different aptasensor platforms, including electrochemical and optical approaches, highlighting their design principles, performance characteristics, and clinical applications.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) impact approximately 3% of the global population. It encompasses more than 80 chronic, often debilitating conditions resulting from immune system defects that lead the body to attack its tissues. Although many ADs are rare, their prevalence is rising. Despite advancements, ADs diagnosis and classification still rely heavily on clinical examination combined with conventional laboratory testing and imaging. Emerging proteomic screening, technologies now offer the potential to identify unique biomarkers for more precise diagnosis, classification, and treatment decisions. Protein profiling, an advancing area within proteomics, provides unparalleled insights into biological processes underlying these diseases. Thus, this review highlights recent developments in proteomic and genetic profiling for ADs pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment challenges, focusing on the clinical utility of proteomic techniques in prognosis, diagnosis, and therapeutic guidance. Notably, discovering new biomarkers through proteomic screening is crucial for creating robust multi-parameter assays, which enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment decisions in ADs.