Entire 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including 120 bp of rRNA gene and 142 bp of non-transcribed spacer (NTS) regions of Psathyropus tenuipes (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae), a harvestman which usually bears several B-chromosomes, was sequenced and mapped on the spermatogonial metaphases using fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH). The signals of 5S rDNA were detected on the terminal region of one pair of C-bandnegative autosomal chromosomes, showing that the 5S rDNA cluster is localized to A chromosome in this species, but not to B chromosome known as a rDNA carrier in other arthropods.
{"title":"Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 55 ribosomal DNA in the harvestman Psathyropus tenuipes (Arachnida : Opiliones)","authors":"Mai Watanabe, N. Tsurusaki, Souichirou Kubota","doi":"10.11352/SCR.12.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.12.51","url":null,"abstract":"Entire 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including 120 bp of rRNA gene and 142 bp of non-transcribed spacer (NTS) regions of Psathyropus tenuipes (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae), a harvestman which usually bears several B-chromosomes, was sequenced and mapped on the spermatogonial metaphases using fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH). The signals of 5S rDNA were detected on the terminal region of one pair of C-bandnegative autosomal chromosomes, showing that the 5S rDNA cluster is localized to A chromosome in this species, but not to B chromosome known as a rDNA carrier in other arthropods.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88050958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present communication describes a case of spontaneous triploidy in Aldrichina grahami (Calliphoridae: Diptera). The diploid complement consists of 2n=12, with five pairs of meta/submetacentric autosomes and a pair of telocentric sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males), while the triploid individuals revealed eighteen chromosomes with fifteen autosomes and an XXY sex chromosomes in their complement.
{"title":"Spontaneous triploidy in the blow-fly Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) (Calliphoridae: Diptera)","authors":"U. Agrawal, N. Bajpai, H. Kurahashi, R. Tewari","doi":"10.11352/SCR.12.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.12.35","url":null,"abstract":"The present communication describes a case of spontaneous triploidy in Aldrichina grahami (Calliphoridae: Diptera). The diploid complement consists of 2n=12, with five pairs of meta/submetacentric autosomes and a pair of telocentric sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males), while the triploid individuals revealed eighteen chromosomes with fifteen autosomes and an XXY sex chromosomes in their complement.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84796582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The proteome of human metaphase chromosomes","authors":"S. Uchiyama","doi":"10.11352/SCR.12.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Centromeres are functional chromosomal loci involved in an overall process that delivers sister chromatids equally into daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. A complex of centromeric DNA and proteins is formed at the primary constriction point, and is referred to as the kinetochore. Since this function is essential for all eukaryotes, the process and centromeric proteins involved are conserved among eukaryotes. On the other hand, the DNA components and structures of centromeres are highly variable among eukaryotes. In the last decade, a plethora of investigations concerning plant centromeric components including centromeric DNA and proteins have been conducted which have shed light on these enigmatic chromosomal regions and associated functions. In this review, an overview of plant centromeric components including centromeric proteins (CENP-C, centromere specific histone H3 variants, and MIS12) and centromeric DNA and structures of plant centromeres (Arabidopsis, rice, and Luzula) are presented.
{"title":"Components and structures of plant centromeres","authors":"K. Nagaki","doi":"10.11352/SCR.12.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"Centromeres are functional chromosomal loci involved in an overall process that delivers sister chromatids equally into daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. A complex of centromeric DNA and proteins is formed at the primary constriction point, and is referred to as the kinetochore. Since this function is essential for all eukaryotes, the process and centromeric proteins involved are conserved among eukaryotes. On the other hand, the DNA components and structures of centromeres are highly variable among eukaryotes. In the last decade, a plethora of investigations concerning plant centromeric components including centromeric DNA and proteins have been conducted which have shed light on these enigmatic chromosomal regions and associated functions. In this review, an overview of plant centromeric components including centromeric proteins (CENP-C, centromere specific histone H3 variants, and MIS12) and centromeric DNA and structures of plant centromeres (Arabidopsis, rice, and Luzula) are presented.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82980617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farfugium japonicum, Asteraceae, Japanese name: Tsuwabuki, is a traditional garden plant of Japan. At present more than 100 horticultural cultivars are known, and most of them have been selected from wild populations. In order to obtain cytological information on F. japonicum as horticultural resource, chromosome numbers, meiotic chromosome behaviors and pollen stainabilities were examined on wild plants from 70 collection sites selected from the whole range of distributional areas in Japan. Except for one aneuploid (2n=61) plant which has a common leaf morphology, all 177 individuals of var. japonicum were counted to be 2n=60. Meiotic division is normal and 30 bivalents were observed at metaphase I. The frequency of stainable pollen grains was high (93.9±8.8%, N=60). Other three taxa of this species, var. giganteum, var. luchuense and var. formosanum, were also observed to be 2n=60. From the cytogenetical viewpoint, F. japonicum is considered to be a stable diploid, although its chromosome number is relatively high.
{"title":"Cytological studies on wild Farfugium japonicum (Asteraceae)","authors":"H. Okuno, M. Nakata, M. Mii","doi":"10.11352/SCR.12.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.12.27","url":null,"abstract":"Farfugium japonicum, Asteraceae, Japanese name: Tsuwabuki, is a traditional garden plant of Japan. At present more than 100 horticultural cultivars are known, and most of them have been selected from wild populations. In order to obtain cytological information on F. japonicum as horticultural resource, chromosome numbers, meiotic chromosome behaviors and pollen stainabilities were examined on wild plants from 70 collection sites selected from the whole range of distributional areas in Japan. Except for one aneuploid (2n=61) plant which has a common leaf morphology, all 177 individuals of var. japonicum were counted to be 2n=60. Meiotic division is normal and 30 bivalents were observed at metaphase I. The frequency of stainable pollen grains was high (93.9±8.8%, N=60). Other three taxa of this species, var. giganteum, var. luchuense and var. formosanum, were also observed to be 2n=60. From the cytogenetical viewpoint, F. japonicum is considered to be a stable diploid, although its chromosome number is relatively high.","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84361408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meiotic studies in diff erent populations of Achyranthes bidentata Blume from western Himalaya, India","authors":"Lovleen, M. I. Saggoo","doi":"10.11352/SCR.18.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11352/SCR.18.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10221,"journal":{"name":"Chromosome science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81082741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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