Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro最新文献

{"title":"METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL FOR CORRELATION STUDIES OF FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS BASED ON PETROGRAPHIC AND LITHOGEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS: EXAMPLE OF ITS APPLICATION ON CENOZOIC ROCK FROM THE LISAMA FORMATION (MIDDLE MAGDALENA VALLEY, COLOMBIA)","authors":"J. Naranjo-Vesga, Pedro-David Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime-Ricardo Gélvez-Llanez, Noria-Elena Duque-Pardo, N. Moreno-Gómez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.46","url":null,"abstract":"The petrographic and lithogeochemical analyses of fluvial sediments from the Lisama Formation suggest potential for the association of compositional and chemical changes of rocks with the identification and correlation of Cenozoic stratigraphic units in the Middle Magdalena valley basin. The integration of different compositional techniques enable the subdivision of the Lisama Formation into three petrographic zones. The zoning proposed herein match the palynological biozoning defined in the same stratigraphic sections, demonstrating their potential as a complementary correlation tool to biostratigraphy. This methodology of integrating petrographic and lithogeochemical analyses can be used in subsequent studies in the Middle Magdalena Basin, mainly in geographic areas where the palynomorph recovery is low or null. This work integrates Thin Section Analyses, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in two correlatable outcrops in the Western and Eastern flanks of the Nuevo Mundo Syncline (NMS).","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"64 1","pages":"19-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80192030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute toxicity of drilling muds on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) postlarvae","authors":"G. León, Simón Andrés Rodríguez Satizábal, C. Romero, A. Herrera, Marlon Serrano Gómez","doi":"10.29047/01225383.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.52","url":null,"abstract":"espanolL a toxicidad aguda de seis lodos de perforacion (base agua y base sintetico) fue evaluada utilizando postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei con la finalidad de establecer la concentracion letal media a 96 h (CL50). La Fase Suspendida Particulada (FSP) de cada lodo fue usada como material de prueba. Cada FSP de los lodos fue evaluada usando cinco concentraciones de prueba con cuatro replicas de cada una, incluido el control. Los valores de CL50 obtenidos de la FSP de los Lodos Base Agua (LBA) se encontraron entre 4224 ppm y 26635 ppm y entre 40781 ppm y 308248 ppm para los Lodos Base Sintetica (LBS). El protocolo de ensayo para toxicidad aguda con esta especie se valido mediante una carta control con el toxico de referencia (dicromato de potasio). Litopenaeus vannamei mostro tener las condiciones requeridas para ser usado en pruebas de toxicidad aguda. Este trabajo es pionero en Colombia para evaluar los efectos de los lodos de perforacion con un organismo marino local. portuguesA toxicidade aguda de seis lamas de perfuracao (base agua e base sintetica) foi avaliada utilizando postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei com a finalidade de estabelecer a concentracao letal media a 96 h (CL50). A Fase Suspensa Particulada (FSP) de cada lama foi usada como material de prova. Cada FSP das lamas foi avaliada usando cinco concentracoes de prova com quatro replicas de cada uma, incluido o controle. Os valores de CL50 obtidos da FSP das Lamas Base Agua (LBA) estavam entre 4224 ppm e 26635 ppm e entre 40781 ppm e 308248 ppm para as Lamas Base Sintetica (LBS). O protocolo de ensaio para toxicidade aguda com esta especie foi validada mediante uma carta controle com o toxico de referencia (dicromato de potassio). Litopenaeus vannamei mostrou ter as condicoes necessarias para ser usado em provas de toxicidade aguda. Este trabalho e pioneiro na Colombia para avaliar os efeitos das lamas de perfuracao com um organismo marinho local. EnglishA cute toxicity of six drilling muds (water based and synthetic based) was evaluated using Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae to establish the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50). The Suspended Particulate Phase (SPP) of each drilling mud was used as test material. Each mud SPP was evaluated using five test concentrations, and four replicates of each were used including the control. LC50 values obtained ranged from 4224 ppm to 26635 ppm for Water Based Mud (WBM) and from 40781 ppm to 308248 ppm for Synthetic Based Mud (SBM). The test protocol for acute toxicity for this species was validated through a control chart with the reference toxicant potassium dichromate. Litopenaeus vannamei clearly showed the required conditions to be used in acute toxicity tests. This research is pioneer in Colombia to determine the effects of drilling muds using a local marine organism.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"13 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87001604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum membrane distillation: modeling and analysis for recovery of ethanol from ethanol/water solutions","authors":"Omar Andrés Benavides Prada, Cesar Augusto Guevara Lastre, F. Núñez, C. B. Ferreira, R. Basurto, Beatriz Torrestiana Sánchez, C. M. Nova","doi":"10.29047/01225383.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.56","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn este trabajo se planteo un modelo matematico para la transferencia de masa y energia durante la etapa de separacion de etanol utilizando destilacion con membranas al vacio. Este modelo es uno de los pocos propuestos para el estudio de la separacion de etanol por destilacion con membranas al vacio; solo Soni, Abildskov, Jonsson y Gani (2008) han propuesto un modelo de mayor complejidad que el del presente estudio. El modelo matematico fue validado utilizando cuatro casos de estudio reportados en la literatura. El modelo permite predecir satisfactoriamente los resultados experimentales para condiciones de operacion que se encuentren entre 20 - 70oC, con 0.25 - 5% p/p de etanol en la alimentacion, presiones de 2000 - 6000 Pa y Reynolds entre 50 y 2700. Este modelo permitio realizar el analisis de la influencia de parametros de operacion y de diferentes tipos de membranas sobre variables de respuesta como flux de etanol, flux de agua y fraccion de etanol en el permeado, utilizando la herramienta Statgraphics® Centurion XVI.I y un diseno experimental factorial. El analisis de Pareto demuestra que dichos parametros afectan de forma distinta las variables de respuesta del proceso. Los dos valores de flux se incrementan con la temperatura, diametro de poro y porosidad; el espesor de la membrana tiene un efecto negativo sobre el flux de agua (para el flux de etanol su influencia no es significativa). Por otro lado, un aumento de la presion, el diametro de poro o la porosidad disminuye la concentracion de etanol en el permeado. Este ultimo se incrementa con la concentracion de etanol en la alimentacion y el espesor de la membrana. Para la destilacion membranaria al vacio, el modelo predice una concentracion de etanol en el permeado de hasta 8.8 veces la concentracion de alimentacion; dependiendo de las condiciones de operacion y de las caracteristicas de la membrana. EnglishA mathematical model was developed to describe the mass and energy transfer in the ethanol separation process by using vacuum membrane distillation. This model is one of the few proposed for studying the ethanol recovery using vacuum membrane distillation; hence, only Soni, Abildskov, Jonsson and Gani (2008) have proposed a more complex model. The mathematical model was validated using fourcase studies reported in literature. The model fairly describes reported data obtained under the following operating conditions: 20 - 70oC, ethanol concentration from 0.25 to 5% w/w, pressure of 2000 - 6000 Pa and Reynolds of 50 - 2700. The influence of operation conditions and membrane properties on ethanol and water flux, as well as on ethanol concentration in permeate were studied with this validated model by using Statgraphics® Centurion XVI.I and a factorial experiment design. Pareto analysis showed that operating conditions and membrane properties influence the process variables in different ways. For example, both flux values increase with temperature, pore diameter and porosity; but ","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"47 1","pages":"47-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77232297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOGAS PRODUCTION BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF WASTEWATER FROM PALM OIL MILL INDUSTRY","authors":"D. Nabarlatz, Ligia-Patricia Arenas-Beltrán, Diana-Milena Herrera-Soracá, Diana-Andrea Niño-Bonilla","doi":"10.29047/01225383.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.58","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impact caused by the fossil fuel use encourages society to look for new sources of renewable energy, such as biodiesel. During the last years, palm oil production has dramatically increased in Colombia, since it is the main raw material for biodiesel production. As consequence of the process, palm oil mill effluents with high content of pollutants are released to the environment. Since these effluents have physicochemical characteristics that make them suitable for the production of biogas by anaerobic digestion of residual water, this research evaluates the production of methane using wastewater as substrate from a Colombian palm oil mill. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted in batch mode to evaluate the influence of pH and inoculum to substrate ratio, by using two differents inoculums. It was found that the most suitable inoculum was a mixture of 1:1 v/v urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) anaerobic sludge/pig manure at a ratio 2 g Volatile Solids (VS) inoculum/g VS substrate, which presented the highest accumulated methane production, reaching 2740 mL methane (0.343 m3 CH4/kg VS) without neutralizing pH.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"153 1","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79671035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD simulation of crude oil homogenization in pilot plant scale","authors":"J. Gualdrón, Leonel Andrés Abreu Mora, Fabián Andrey Díaz Mateus","doi":"10.29047/01225383.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.54","url":null,"abstract":"espanolL a homogenizacion de diferentes crudos en tanque a escala piloto es simulada usando codigo comercial para Dinamica Computacional de Fluidos - de sus siglas en ingles (CFD). Los modelos son inherentemente dinamicos ya que todas las simulaciones parten de un tiempo cero donde los crudos se encuentran completamente separados hasta un tiempo final de completa homogenizacion. El tanque es agitado con una pequena propela y un modelo de dos fases es usado en la simulacion con el proposito de observar el proceso de mezclado y calcular las propiedades de la mezcla en funcion de las fracciones volumetricas. El efecto del tamano de malla y el paso en el tiempo son estudiados pues en este tipo de simulaciones el esfuerzo computacional se convierte en un parametro muy importante y debe ser reducido al minimo. Datos experimentales tomados en dos puntos diferentes dentro del tanque a intervalos regulares de tiempo estan disponibles y se observa buena concordancia cuando se comparan con los resultados de las simulaciones. EnglishThe homogenization of different crude oils in a pilot plant tank is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) commercial code. The models are inherently transient since all simulations start from a time zero where the crudes are completely separated to a final time of full homogenization. The tank is agitated with a small impeller and a two-phase model is used in the simulations in order to see the mixing process and calculate the properties of the blend based on the volume fractions. The effect of the mesh size and time step size are studied since in this type of simulations the computational effort becomes a major parameter and has to be reduced to a minimum. Experimental data taken from two different points in the tank at regular time intervals are available to compare the results of the simulations, concluding in good agreement. portuguesA homogeneizacao de diferentes crus em tanque a escala piloto e simulada usando codigo comercial para Dinâmica Computacional de Fluidos - por sua sigla em ingles (CFD). Os modelos sao inerentemente dinâmicos ja que todas as simulacoes partem de um tempo zero onde os crus estao completamente separados ate um tempo final de completa homogeneizacao. O tanque e agitado com uma pequena helice e um modelo de duas fases e usado na simulacao com o proposito de observar o processo de mistura e calcular as propriedades da mistura em funcao das fracoes volumetricas. O efeito do tamanho de malha e a passagem do tempo sao estudados, pois neste tipo de simulacoes o esforco computacional se converte em um parâmetro muito importante e deve ser reduzido ao minimo. Dados experimentais tomados em dois pontos diferentes dentro do tanque em intervalos regulares de tempo estao disponiveis e observa-se boa concordância quando comparados com os resultados das simulacoes.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"42 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85109956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid hydrolysis of water hyacinth to obtain fermentable sugars","authors":"J. R. Alfaro, Lizeth Tairina Trujillo Daza, Giselle Arzuaga Lindado, Hader Castaño Peláez, Ángel David Polo Córdoba","doi":"10.29047/01225383.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.60","url":null,"abstract":"In order to take advantage of the aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) as lignocellulosic\u0000feedstock for the production of reducing sugars, a bromatological characterization of the leaves and\u0000stems of the plant was performed. Then, the effects of the sulfuric acid concentration (1 - 3% v/v), the\u0000concentration of solids (10 to 12.5% w/v) and the reaction time (15 - 25 min) at 121°C/15 psi in the production\u0000reducing sugars were studied by employing a central composite design. It was found that the acid\u0000concentration was the most significant variable. The optimal conditions were solids 11.25% p/v, H2SO4 2%\u0000v/v and 20 minute reaction time. These conditions yielded a concentration of reducing sugars of 33.3 g/L.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"43 1","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74138381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRESSURE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS FOR A RESERVOIR WITH A FINITE-CONDUCTIVITY FAULT","authors":"F. Escobar, J. Martínez, Matilde Montealegre-Madero","doi":"10.29047/01225383.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.53","url":null,"abstract":"The signature of the pressure derivative curve for reservoirs with finite-conductivity faults is investigated\u0000to understand their behavior and facilitate the interpretation of pressure data. Once a fault is reached\u0000by the disturbance, the pressure derivative displays a negative unit-slope indicating that the system is\u0000connected to an aquifer, meaning dominance of steady-state flow regime. Afterwards, a half-slope straightline\u0000is displayed on the pressure derivative plot when the flow is linear to the fault. Besides, if simultaneously\u0000a linear flow occurs inside the fault plane, then a bilinear flow regime takes place which is recognized by a\u00001/4 slope line on the pressure derivative line. This paper presents the most complete analytical well pressure\u0000analysis methodology for finite-conductivity faulted systems using some characteristics features and points\u0000found on the pressure and pressure derivative log-log plot. Therefore, such plot is not only used as diagnosis\u0000criterion but also as a computational tool. The straight-line conventional analysis is also complemented for\u0000characterization of finite- and infinite-conductivity faults. Hence, new equations are introduced to estimate the\u0000distance to fault, the fault conductivity and the fault skin factor for such systems. The proposed expressions\u0000and methodology were successfully tested with field and synthetic cases.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"23 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77311731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTATIONAL TOOL FOR MATERIAL BALANCES CONTROL IN NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK","authors":"Jesús-David Badillo-Herrera, A. Chaves, Jose-Augusto Fuentes-Osorio","doi":"10.29047/01225383.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.55","url":null,"abstract":"In natural gas industry, measurement of process variables allows to assess the quantity and quality of commercialized gas. Nevertheless, since errors, gross and random are always present in measurements, mass and energy balances are not satisfied. This situation leads natural gas distribution companies into invoicing issues. In this paper, a computational tool is proposed, which guarantees that the law of conservation of mass is obeyed by decreasing random error effects and detecting systematic deviations in the measurement equipment (gross errors). This tool is based on Data Reconciliation (DR) and Gross Error Detection (GED) techniques. Different DR and GED methodologies were studied by means of assessment of their advantages and disadvantages. Non-conventional DR and GED methods are proposed as part of the developed tool in order to obtain accurate reconciled results in cases of difficult gross error detections on natural gas distribution systems. The tool was validated by a typical literature problem, and it was then applied to a natural gas distribution network. Results were in agreement with reports of failures of some instruments.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"20 2","pages":"31-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF MICROALGAE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA: COMPARISON OF THREE OIL EXTRACTION SYSTEMS","authors":"Yeniffer Pardo Cárdenas, Israel Herrera Orozco, Á. D. G. Delgado, V. Kafarov","doi":"10.29047/01225383.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.59","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen en: The objective of the study was to compare three cases of biodiesel production from microalgae dried biomass applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tech...","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"49 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78682309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of biogas enriched with hydrogen on the operation and performance of a diesel-biogas dual engine","authors":"J. Montoya, Karen Paola Cacua Madero, Layrisser Iral Galeano, A. Arrieta","doi":"10.29047/01225383.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.57","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of hydrogen enrichment was tested for a diesel-biogas dual fuel engine. The operation and performance\u0000characteristics, such as thermal efficiency, pollutant emissions and combustion parameters were\u0000determined. Experiments have been carried with a stationary compression ignition (CI) engine coupled\u0000with a generator in dual mode using a typical biogas composition of 60% vol. CH4 and 40% vol. CO2. For\u0000every load engine evaluated, the hydrogen concentration was varied from 5 to 20% H2 v/v. The results showed\u0000increases in peak pressure chamber up to 10.7 bar, and diesel substitution levels up to 80% under conditions of\u0000steady combustion without knocking. Also, thermal efficiency increases up to 16% and carbon monoxide emissions\u0000decreases up to 13% at full load, and 20% of hydrogen in engines operating in diesel-biogas dual mode.","PeriodicalId":10235,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia Tecnologia y Futuro","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87894487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}