This article presents a theoretical reflection and a methodological proposal for the study of urban color as an element of experience and urban cultural construction. The purpose is to propose a methodology based on the analysis of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of color in the city. To this end, we aim to understand the objective visual perceptions and relate them to the subjective associations that the inhabitants identify from the urban experience. Additionally, a methodological crossover is carried out that considers the study of urban color from the perceptual and objective analysis of color with the methodologies of imaginaries and urban anthropology. Thus, the proposed chromatic approach links the objective and subjective aspects of color with the tangible and intangible elements of the city. By so doing, this article underlines how the results are not limited to the objective terms of the study of urban color but are enriched by the identification of subjective aspects, such as the analysis of the historical and social contexts in which the colors were chosen, as well as the perceptions that their inhabitants have about them. This research aims to deepen and broaden the view of a city from a chromatic study's perspective. The conclusions invite us to make a reading of the representations and perceptions of the inhabitants of a city who, through the questioning of color, can express their needs, desires and emotions for the place they inhabit and thus transmit a particular cultural construction of the city.
{"title":"The study of color as a component of urban cultural construction: A theoretical reflection and methodological proposal","authors":"Jimena Vanina Odetti","doi":"10.1002/col.22883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a theoretical reflection and a methodological proposal for the study of urban color as an element of experience and urban cultural construction. The purpose is to propose a methodology based on the analysis of the relationships between the objective and subjective aspects of color in the city. To this end, we aim to understand the objective visual perceptions and relate them to the subjective associations that the inhabitants identify from the urban experience. Additionally, a methodological crossover is carried out that considers the study of urban color from the perceptual and objective analysis of color with the methodologies of imaginaries and urban anthropology. Thus, the proposed chromatic approach links the objective and subjective aspects of color with the tangible and intangible elements of the city. By so doing, this article underlines how the results are not limited to the objective terms of the study of urban color but are enriched by the identification of subjective aspects, such as the analysis of the historical and social contexts in which the colors were chosen, as well as the perceptions that their inhabitants have about them. This research aims to deepen and broaden the view of a city from a chromatic study's perspective. The conclusions invite us to make a reading of the representations and perceptions of the inhabitants of a city who, through the questioning of color, can express their needs, desires and emotions for the place they inhabit and thus transmit a particular cultural construction of the city.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Personality traits are considered the primary determinants of emotional and behavioral patterns of individuals within the built environment, influencing the experience of architectural space over their cognitive representation. Specifically, the dimension of extraversion within an individual's personality holds considerable predictive value in determining their attitudes toward the environment. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the influence of personality traits on color preference by comparing preferences for context-free color samples and in-context spatial colors among individuals exhibiting varying levels of extraversion. It also aims to ascertain the most accurate color-construct scale for delineating individuals' preferences for in-context spatial color. The study employed the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) representation of lexical factor markers for the Big-Five structure. For the study, 11 colors, referred to as basic color terms, were selected as stimuli. Data on color preference were obtained through a rank order test for 11 context-free color samples and 11 virtual images of in-context spatial colors, as well as ratings of in-context spatial colors based on 14 color-construct scales. Findings reveal the relationship between extraversion personality trait and color preferences, revealing distinct patterns between context-free and in-context color preferences. They also suggest the possibility of divergent preferences for in-context spatial colors among individuals with varying levels of extraversion, with certain colors eliciting significantly different ratings on color-construct scales. The study's findings shed light on the importance of personality traits in predicting the relationship between architectural spaces and colors, depending on individuals' personalities, particularly within design disciplines such as interior architecture.
{"title":"Relationship between context-free/in-context spatial color preferences and color constructs: The extraversion personality trait dimension","authors":"Saadet Akbay, Güler Ufuk Demirbaş","doi":"10.1002/col.22882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Personality traits are considered the primary determinants of emotional and behavioral patterns of individuals within the built environment, influencing the experience of architectural space over their cognitive representation. Specifically, the dimension of extraversion within an individual's personality holds considerable predictive value in determining their attitudes toward the environment. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the influence of personality traits on color preference by comparing preferences for context-free color samples and in-context spatial colors among individuals exhibiting varying levels of extraversion. It also aims to ascertain the most accurate color-construct scale for delineating individuals' preferences for in-context spatial color. The study employed the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) representation of lexical factor markers for the Big-Five structure. For the study, 11 colors, referred to as basic color terms, were selected as stimuli. Data on color preference were obtained through a rank order test for 11 context-free color samples and 11 virtual images of in-context spatial colors, as well as ratings of in-context spatial colors based on 14 color-construct scales. Findings reveal the relationship between extraversion personality trait and color preferences, revealing distinct patterns between context-free and in-context color preferences. They also suggest the possibility of divergent preferences for in-context spatial colors among individuals with varying levels of extraversion, with certain colors eliciting significantly different ratings on color-construct scales. The study's findings shed light on the importance of personality traits in predicting the relationship between architectural spaces and colors, depending on individuals' personalities, particularly within design disciplines such as interior architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the early stage of a building design, forming a design concept is the first step. The architect must assimilate and organize information involving spatial needs, engineering, building codes, and budget considerations. They must also consider its visual appearance, how the building fits into its physical context, and, most importantly, how to conceive of the building holistically as both functional and aesthetic. A process for accomplishing this will use a methodology associated with intuition and imagination. A metaphor is used that gives form to the building through an analogy that imitates its activities and function and serves as a device for conceiving of the building as a whole. Making a design diagram that defines the concept using the metaphor and showing the relationship of the critical parts of the building is the biggest challenge in this stage. A new approach is to assign color to these parts in the design diagram. With the metaphor as guide, the hierarchical status of the parts will be shown by the perceptual weight of the colors in juxtaposition to one another by contrasts in hue, value, and chroma. The results show that the addition of color increases the clarity and comprehension of the design concept in the eyes of the designer, in visual presentations to faculty in academic settings, and to clients in the profession. The color decisions latter in the process may differ from those used in the diagram, but these decisions will adhere to the established hierarchies of the building parts as foreground or background colors. This methodology is intended to be a tool for students in architecture as well as professional architects.
{"title":"Color as metaphor in architectural design","authors":"Galen Minah","doi":"10.1002/col.22872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22872","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the early stage of a building design, forming a design concept is the first step. The architect must assimilate and organize information involving spatial needs, engineering, building codes, and budget considerations. They must also consider its visual appearance, how the building fits into its physical context, and, most importantly, how to conceive of the building holistically as both functional and aesthetic. A process for accomplishing this will use a methodology associated with intuition and imagination. A metaphor is used that gives form to the building through an analogy that imitates its activities and function and serves as a device for conceiving of the building as a whole. Making a design diagram that defines the concept using the metaphor and showing the relationship of the critical parts of the building is the biggest challenge in this stage. A new approach is to assign color to these parts in the design diagram. With the metaphor as guide, the hierarchical status of the parts will be shown by the perceptual weight of the colors in juxtaposition to one another by contrasts in hue, value, and chroma. The results show that the addition of color increases the clarity and comprehension of the design concept in the eyes of the designer, in visual presentations to faculty in academic settings, and to clients in the profession. The color decisions latter in the process may differ from those used in the diagram, but these decisions will adhere to the established hierarchies of the building parts as foreground or background colors. This methodology is intended to be a tool for students in architecture as well as professional architects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Designing the colors of a new neighborhood without a color definition of facades is challenging task. While there is a wealth of research on color perception and architectural color design, tools and methods are needed to understand the chromatic experience of areas. Thus, this case-study research aims to explore the chromatic experience by introducing a new ethnographic Color Walk method. The participants are professionals in the fields of architecture and color. Two voice-recorded and transcribed discussions are examined from two perspectives: the suitability of the Color Walk to conceptualize the chromatic experience of neighborhoods and analyzing the main concepts used by professional participants. The analysis shows that the seven main concepts are: (1) material; (2) light; (3) views in/from/into the area; (4) atmosphere; (5) identity; (6) landscape/nature/landscape architecture; and (7) architecture. Architecture includes four subareas: (a) the color scale of the building design, (b) the color scale of the urban design, (c) the history of architecture, and (d) color trends. The results indicate that the Color Walk method allows conceptualizing how environmental colors are experienced. However, several repetitions are needed to confirm all the concepts. Furthermore, complex facade colors are only one element of the chromatic experience. Thus, other aspects should also be emphasized in environmental color design. The results also show that environmental color design is related to urban design and building design. The findings of this study contribute to existing research by expanding the concepts of urban design to environmental color design.
{"title":"Conceptualizing the chromatic experience of environment: Two case studies using the Color Walk method","authors":"Saara Pyykkö","doi":"10.1002/col.22878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Designing the colors of a new neighborhood without a color definition of facades is challenging task. While there is a wealth of research on color perception and architectural color design, tools and methods are needed to understand the chromatic experience of areas. Thus, this case-study research aims to explore the chromatic experience by introducing a new ethnographic Color Walk method. The participants are professionals in the fields of architecture and color. Two voice-recorded and transcribed discussions are examined from two perspectives: the suitability of the Color Walk to conceptualize the chromatic experience of neighborhoods and analyzing the main concepts used by professional participants. The analysis shows that the seven main concepts are: (1) material; (2) light; (3) views in/from/into the area; (4) atmosphere; (5) identity; (6) landscape/nature/landscape architecture; and (7) architecture. Architecture includes four subareas: (a) the color scale of the building design, (b) the color scale of the urban design, (c) the history of architecture, and (d) color trends. The results indicate that the Color Walk method allows conceptualizing how environmental colors are experienced. However, several repetitions are needed to confirm all the concepts. Furthermore, complex facade colors are only one element of the chromatic experience. Thus, other aspects should also be emphasized in environmental color design. The results also show that environmental color design is related to urban design and building design. The findings of this study contribute to existing research by expanding the concepts of urban design to environmental color design.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50123910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Plutino, Luca Armellin, Andrea Mazzoni, Roberta Marcucci, Alessandro Rizzi
The Ishihara test plates are designed to offer a rapid and usable instrument to diagnose color deficiency. The original test, as well as other pseudo-isochromatic plates (PIP), is composed of physical charts produced following proprietary and standard printing procedures. In this work, we aim to measure and assess the color shifts that the aging of the plates may introduce. This work aims to raise the scientific and medical community's awareness of the risks that may occur in using an aged or damaged test, which may still appear in good condition but has been subjected to deterioration over time.
{"title":"Aging variations in Ishihara test plates","authors":"Alice Plutino, Luca Armellin, Andrea Mazzoni, Roberta Marcucci, Alessandro Rizzi","doi":"10.1002/col.22877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Ishihara test plates are designed to offer a rapid and usable instrument to diagnose color deficiency. The original test, as well as other pseudo-isochromatic plates (PIP), is composed of physical charts produced following proprietary and standard printing procedures. In this work, we aim to measure and assess the color shifts that the aging of the plates may introduce. This work aims to raise the scientific and medical community's awareness of the risks that may occur in using an aged or damaged test, which may still appear in good condition but has been subjected to deterioration over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10459,"journal":{"name":"Color Research and Application","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/col.22877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50130871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}