BACKGROUNDRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory illness, affecting individuals of all ages. RSV can cause severe disease in older adults, but the disease burden and how it affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is not well characterized.METHODSThis multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted over three RSV seasons (October 2021-April 2024) in six European countries enrolled adults ≥60 years of age (YOA) who presented to general practitioners or outpatient clinics with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) and who were not vaccinated against RSV. The symptom duration, the effect of medically-attended confirmed RSV-ARI (cRSV-ARI) on symptomology (InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome [FLU-PRO] questionnaire) and HRQoL (EuroQoL-5 Dimension [EQ-5D-3L] questionnaire) as well as the healthcare resource utilization and working days lost were assessed.RESULTSWe analyzed 136 participants with a medically-attended cRSV-ARI. The median duration of any ARI symptom was 2.0-19.0 days. cRSV-ARI symptoms mostly affected the chest/respiratory domain (mean score: 1.72; standard deviation [SD]: 0.76) and the nose domain (mean score: 1.58; SD: 1.00). The mean country-specific cRSV-ARI utility scores ranged from 0.81 on Day 1 to 0.90 on Day 29. On Day 57, the score was 0.84. A trend for an increased effect on HRQoL was observed in participants with lower respiratory tract disease. The mean duration of treatment was 16.3 (SD: 11.9) days, and 27.8% of participants in active employment stayed home from work.CONCLUSIONSMedically-attended cRSV-ARIs substantially affect the symptomology and HRQoL of European adults ≥60 YOA who were not vaccinated against RSV.
{"title":"Health-related quality of life in European older adults with respiratory syncytial virus over three respiratory syncytial virus seasons.","authors":"Manel Terns Riera,Rosa Prato,Alberto Pérez-Rubio,José María Echave-Sustaeta,Shubhangi Gawade,Philip Joosten,Eliazar Sabater Cabrera,Desmond Curran,Eliana Biundo,Daniel Molnar,Frederik Verelst, ","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag147","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory illness, affecting individuals of all ages. RSV can cause severe disease in older adults, but the disease burden and how it affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is not well characterized.METHODSThis multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted over three RSV seasons (October 2021-April 2024) in six European countries enrolled adults ≥60 years of age (YOA) who presented to general practitioners or outpatient clinics with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) and who were not vaccinated against RSV. The symptom duration, the effect of medically-attended confirmed RSV-ARI (cRSV-ARI) on symptomology (InFLUenza Patient-Reported Outcome [FLU-PRO] questionnaire) and HRQoL (EuroQoL-5 Dimension [EQ-5D-3L] questionnaire) as well as the healthcare resource utilization and working days lost were assessed.RESULTSWe analyzed 136 participants with a medically-attended cRSV-ARI. The median duration of any ARI symptom was 2.0-19.0 days. cRSV-ARI symptoms mostly affected the chest/respiratory domain (mean score: 1.72; standard deviation [SD]: 0.76) and the nose domain (mean score: 1.58; SD: 1.00). The mean country-specific cRSV-ARI utility scores ranged from 0.81 on Day 1 to 0.90 on Day 29. On Day 57, the score was 0.84. A trend for an increased effect on HRQoL was observed in participants with lower respiratory tract disease. The mean duration of treatment was 16.3 (SD: 11.9) days, and 27.8% of participants in active employment stayed home from work.CONCLUSIONSMedically-attended cRSV-ARIs substantially affect the symptomology and HRQoL of European adults ≥60 YOA who were not vaccinated against RSV.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick D Crowley,Karen M Meagher,Amelia K Barwise
The use of antibiotics in the hospice setting is complicated by differing patient goals, elevated side effects, and limited information regarding effectiveness. Here, we describe a case and apply the four-quadrant approach (4QA). This includes analyzing the case through the lenses of (1) medical indications related to improving function and reducing symptoms; (2) patient preferences, which vary among patients from complete avoidance of antibiotics to a therapeutic dosage to treat infection; (3) quality-of-life factors that include managing infectious symptoms versus antibiotic side effects; and (4) contextual features, which include antimicrobial resistance concerns and cost considerations. Antibiotics may be beneficial in some cases and should not be denied to patients enrolled in hospice care. More robust evidence-based information about outcomes is needed to inform discussions at the time of enrollment. Applying the 4QA to a case can help determine the best approach for each individual patient.
{"title":"Antibiotics in Hospice: Applying the Four-Quadrant Approach to Improve Patient-Centered Care.","authors":"Patrick D Crowley,Karen M Meagher,Amelia K Barwise","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag057","url":null,"abstract":"The use of antibiotics in the hospice setting is complicated by differing patient goals, elevated side effects, and limited information regarding effectiveness. Here, we describe a case and apply the four-quadrant approach (4QA). This includes analyzing the case through the lenses of (1) medical indications related to improving function and reducing symptoms; (2) patient preferences, which vary among patients from complete avoidance of antibiotics to a therapeutic dosage to treat infection; (3) quality-of-life factors that include managing infectious symptoms versus antibiotic side effects; and (4) contextual features, which include antimicrobial resistance concerns and cost considerations. Antibiotics may be beneficial in some cases and should not be denied to patients enrolled in hospice care. More robust evidence-based information about outcomes is needed to inform discussions at the time of enrollment. Applying the 4QA to a case can help determine the best approach for each individual patient.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julio A Ramirez,Barbara E Jones,Eyal Oren,Nilam J Soni,Marcos I Restrepo,Daniel M Musher,Brian L Erstad,Chiagozie Pickens,Scott A Helgeson,Kristina Crothers,Joshua P Metlay,Britany Bissell,Bin Cao,James D Chalmers,Charles S Dela Cruz,Stephen Y Liang,Grant W Waterer,Marilynn Paine,Conall Hawkins,Kevin Wilson
{"title":"Balance Versus Bias: Correcting Misinformation About the 2025 ATS Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines.","authors":"Julio A Ramirez,Barbara E Jones,Eyal Oren,Nilam J Soni,Marcos I Restrepo,Daniel M Musher,Brian L Erstad,Chiagozie Pickens,Scott A Helgeson,Kristina Crothers,Joshua P Metlay,Britany Bissell,Bin Cao,James D Chalmers,Charles S Dela Cruz,Stephen Y Liang,Grant W Waterer,Marilynn Paine,Conall Hawkins,Kevin Wilson","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jienchi Dorward,Xolani Masombuka,Lara Lewis,Claudia Pastellides,Johan van der Molen,Kwabena Asare,Kwena Tlhaku,Jennifer Anne Brown,Christian Bottomley,Dave Jacobs,Shirley Collie,Nigel Garrett
BACKGROUNDIntegrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, may increase risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, limited data exists from low- and middle-income countries, where tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and dolutegravir (TLD) has largely replaced tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and efavirenz (TEE).METHODSWe used de-identified data from a South African managed-healthcare organisation from people living with HIV (PLHIV) without cardiovascular disease, who either initiated TEE or TLD between April 2020-Dec 2023 (initiation cohort) or were receiving TEE in April 2020 and eligible for TLD (transition cohort). In the initiation cohort, we emulated a target trial using pooled logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weights and bootstrapped confidence intervals to compare estimated 3-year MACE risk between TLD versus TEE. In the transition cohort, we used similar methods in 44 emulated monthly sequential trials, comparing MACE risk in people transitioned to TLD with those remaining on TEE.RESULTSIn the initiation cohort, 7310 PLHIV initiated TLD (n=3711) or TEE (n=3599). Median follow-up was 21 months (IQR 10-33), with 18 MACEs with TLD (3-year risk 0.78%, 95%CI 0.38-1.11) and 28 with TEE (3-year risk 1.03%, 0.63-1.55; RR 0.75, 0.31-1.30; RD -0.25, -0.94-0.24). In the transition cohort, 22338 people contributed to 2837 person-trials with TLD and 706615 with TEE. Median follow-up was 25 months (14-36), with 19 MACEs with TLD (3-year risk 0.97%, 0.52-1.62) and 5420 with TEE (3-year risk 1.17%, 0.99-1.37; RR 0.83, 0.45-1.39; RD -0.20, -0.66-0.44).CONCLUSIONSAmong PLHIV in South Africa we found no increased MACE with TLD.
{"title":"Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: Emulated Target Trials Using Routine, De-Identified Data From South Africa.","authors":"Jienchi Dorward,Xolani Masombuka,Lara Lewis,Claudia Pastellides,Johan van der Molen,Kwabena Asare,Kwena Tlhaku,Jennifer Anne Brown,Christian Bottomley,Dave Jacobs,Shirley Collie,Nigel Garrett","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag155","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIntegrase inhibitors, including dolutegravir, may increase risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, limited data exists from low- and middle-income countries, where tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and dolutegravir (TLD) has largely replaced tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine and efavirenz (TEE).METHODSWe used de-identified data from a South African managed-healthcare organisation from people living with HIV (PLHIV) without cardiovascular disease, who either initiated TEE or TLD between April 2020-Dec 2023 (initiation cohort) or were receiving TEE in April 2020 and eligible for TLD (transition cohort). In the initiation cohort, we emulated a target trial using pooled logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weights and bootstrapped confidence intervals to compare estimated 3-year MACE risk between TLD versus TEE. In the transition cohort, we used similar methods in 44 emulated monthly sequential trials, comparing MACE risk in people transitioned to TLD with those remaining on TEE.RESULTSIn the initiation cohort, 7310 PLHIV initiated TLD (n=3711) or TEE (n=3599). Median follow-up was 21 months (IQR 10-33), with 18 MACEs with TLD (3-year risk 0.78%, 95%CI 0.38-1.11) and 28 with TEE (3-year risk 1.03%, 0.63-1.55; RR 0.75, 0.31-1.30; RD -0.25, -0.94-0.24). In the transition cohort, 22338 people contributed to 2837 person-trials with TLD and 706615 with TEE. Median follow-up was 25 months (14-36), with 19 MACEs with TLD (3-year risk 0.97%, 0.52-1.62) and 5420 with TEE (3-year risk 1.17%, 0.99-1.37; RR 0.83, 0.45-1.39; RD -0.20, -0.66-0.44).CONCLUSIONSAmong PLHIV in South Africa we found no increased MACE with TLD.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexis V Stephens,Timothy J Thauland,Gregory D Whitehill,Maria I Garcia-Lloret,Manish J Butte
BACKGROUNDMortality rates for disseminated coccidioidomycosis remain high despite modern antifungal therapies, resulting in substantial costs to society. We propose that immunomodulation as an adjunctive therapy with antifungals can improve clinical outcomes. Previous work suggested that treatment with interferon gamma or by blocking the IL-4/IL-13 receptor with dupilumab could improve clinical outcomes.METHODSWe present a case series of 18 patients at UCLA with severe or persistent coccidioidomycosis receiving maximal antifungal treatment who received immunomodulatory therapy. Treatment selection based on the clinical context and intracellular cytokine staining that measured T helper cells producing interferon gamma or IL-4. Patients with severe disease received recombinant interferon gamma, while those showing Type-2 immune dysregulation were treated with dupilumab.RESULTSPatients receiving dupilumab showed a reduction in Type-2 T-cell responses. Importantly, 16 of the 18 patients survived (88%), with clinical outcomes improving relative to baseline in the majority.CONCLUSIONSThis case series provides evidence that patients with severe and/or disseminated coccidioidomycosis may benefit from immunomodulation. These positive outcomes support the consideration of off-label use of these medications. Clinical trials are warranted for interferon gamma in severe disease and dupilumab for disseminated disease when Type-2 immune dysregulation is present. Further research is needed to identify the specific patient populations that may benefit most from the addition of immunomodulatory medications.
{"title":"Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis.","authors":"Alexis V Stephens,Timothy J Thauland,Gregory D Whitehill,Maria I Garcia-Lloret,Manish J Butte","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag036","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMortality rates for disseminated coccidioidomycosis remain high despite modern antifungal therapies, resulting in substantial costs to society. We propose that immunomodulation as an adjunctive therapy with antifungals can improve clinical outcomes. Previous work suggested that treatment with interferon gamma or by blocking the IL-4/IL-13 receptor with dupilumab could improve clinical outcomes.METHODSWe present a case series of 18 patients at UCLA with severe or persistent coccidioidomycosis receiving maximal antifungal treatment who received immunomodulatory therapy. Treatment selection based on the clinical context and intracellular cytokine staining that measured T helper cells producing interferon gamma or IL-4. Patients with severe disease received recombinant interferon gamma, while those showing Type-2 immune dysregulation were treated with dupilumab.RESULTSPatients receiving dupilumab showed a reduction in Type-2 T-cell responses. Importantly, 16 of the 18 patients survived (88%), with clinical outcomes improving relative to baseline in the majority.CONCLUSIONSThis case series provides evidence that patients with severe and/or disseminated coccidioidomycosis may benefit from immunomodulation. These positive outcomes support the consideration of off-label use of these medications. Clinical trials are warranted for interferon gamma in severe disease and dupilumab for disseminated disease when Type-2 immune dysregulation is present. Further research is needed to identify the specific patient populations that may benefit most from the addition of immunomodulatory medications.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunomodulation in Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis: A Small Step or a Giant Leap?","authors":"Fariba M Donovan","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Framework for Progress: What a Phase 2 Trial Teaches Us About Mycobacterium abscessus Research.","authors":"Amanda Marino,Theodore K Marras","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin L Winthrop,Patrick A Flume,Reeti Khare,Chakrapol Sriaroon,Alissa Sirbu,Amy Manley,Anita F Das,Surya Chitra,Daniel H Deck,Alisa W Serio,Diane M Anastasiou,Stephen Villano
BACKGROUNDOmadacycline is an FDA-approved oral and intravenous treatment for adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection that demonstrates potent in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy versus Mycobacterium abscessus.METHODSA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 2 study of omadacycline monotherapy was conducted in adults with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) caused by M. abscessus. Eligible patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for NTM-PD were randomized 1.5:1 to receive omadacycline 300 mg orally once daily or placebo for 84 days. Randomization was stratified by prior antibiotic treatment for M. abscessus (yes/no).RESULTSSixty-six patients were randomized (41 omadacycline, 25 placebo). At baseline, cough, fatigue, mucus production, shortness of breath, and throat clearing were the most bothersome and common symptoms (68.2%-95.4% of patients). For the primary endpoint, 34.1% and 20.0% of omadacycline and placebo patients, respectively, were responders by definition 1 (improvement in symptom severity at day 84 for at least half of baseline symptoms) and 34.1% and 12.0%, respectively, were responders by definition 2 (definition 1 plus no deterioration in severity of any baseline symptom). Key secondary and exploratory clinical and microbiological endpoints also favored omadacycline compared with placebo. Four (9.8%) patients discontinued omadacycline therapy due to a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most frequent omadacycline-related TEAEs were gastrointestinal, particularly nausea.CONCLUSIONSResults consistently favored omadacycline monotherapy over placebo across several endpoints in NTM-PD caused by M. abscessus. Omadacycline was well tolerated; nausea was the most frequent TEAE. Further investigations are warranted.
{"title":"Omadacycline Monotherapy in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus: Results From a Phase 2, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.","authors":"Kevin L Winthrop,Patrick A Flume,Reeti Khare,Chakrapol Sriaroon,Alissa Sirbu,Amy Manley,Anita F Das,Surya Chitra,Daniel H Deck,Alisa W Serio,Diane M Anastasiou,Stephen Villano","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciag062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag062","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDOmadacycline is an FDA-approved oral and intravenous treatment for adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection that demonstrates potent in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy versus Mycobacterium abscessus.METHODSA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 2 study of omadacycline monotherapy was conducted in adults with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) caused by M. abscessus. Eligible patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for NTM-PD were randomized 1.5:1 to receive omadacycline 300 mg orally once daily or placebo for 84 days. Randomization was stratified by prior antibiotic treatment for M. abscessus (yes/no).RESULTSSixty-six patients were randomized (41 omadacycline, 25 placebo). At baseline, cough, fatigue, mucus production, shortness of breath, and throat clearing were the most bothersome and common symptoms (68.2%-95.4% of patients). For the primary endpoint, 34.1% and 20.0% of omadacycline and placebo patients, respectively, were responders by definition 1 (improvement in symptom severity at day 84 for at least half of baseline symptoms) and 34.1% and 12.0%, respectively, were responders by definition 2 (definition 1 plus no deterioration in severity of any baseline symptom). Key secondary and exploratory clinical and microbiological endpoints also favored omadacycline compared with placebo. Four (9.8%) patients discontinued omadacycline therapy due to a treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most frequent omadacycline-related TEAEs were gastrointestinal, particularly nausea.CONCLUSIONSResults consistently favored omadacycline monotherapy over placebo across several endpoints in NTM-PD caused by M. abscessus. Omadacycline was well tolerated; nausea was the most frequent TEAE. Further investigations are warranted.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147329565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：