Lise Borgwardt, Mette Louise Mørk, Henrik Gutte, Anne Kiil Berthelsen, Robin de Nijs, Ronan M. G. Berg, Jann Mortensen
Introduction
It remains to be established whether it provides any clinical or diagnostic benefits to perform ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy as a single photon emission computed tomography in children. Here, we report our experience with this modality, evaluate its impact on clinical decision-making and assess its interrater agreement.
Methods
All V/Q scintigraphies performed in children over a 1-year period were identified, and patient files were reviewed. Two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to patient data and each other's readings, interpreted all scintigraphies.
Results
A total of 20 planar and SPECT V/Q scintigraphies were identified. In 17/20 cases (85%), the results of the scan were found to directly inform clinical decision-making. SPECT mainly ruled out the presence of ventilation and perfusion defects that were suspected on planar scintigraphy. In terms of interrater agreement, Cohen's ϰ coefficients for planar ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy were 0.34 and 0.38 (fair agreement), respectively, while the corresponding values for SPECT were 0.42 and 0.61 (moderate to substantial agreement).
Conclusion
It is both feasible and clinically meaningful to perform V/Q SPECT in children. In this patient group, V/Q SPECT furthermore seems to have better interrater agreement than planar scintigraphy.
{"title":"Ventilation/perfusion SPECT in children: Feasibility, impact on clinical decision-making and interrater agreement","authors":"Lise Borgwardt, Mette Louise Mørk, Henrik Gutte, Anne Kiil Berthelsen, Robin de Nijs, Ronan M. G. Berg, Jann Mortensen","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It remains to be established whether it provides any clinical or diagnostic benefits to perform ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy as a single photon emission computed tomography in children. Here, we report our experience with this modality, evaluate its impact on clinical decision-making and assess its interrater agreement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All V/Q scintigraphies performed in children over a 1-year period were identified, and patient files were reviewed. Two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to patient data and each other's readings, interpreted all scintigraphies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 20 planar and SPECT V/Q scintigraphies were identified. In 17/20 cases (85%), the results of the scan were found to directly inform clinical decision-making. SPECT mainly ruled out the presence of ventilation and perfusion defects that were suspected on planar scintigraphy. In terms of interrater agreement, Cohen's <i>ϰ</i> coefficients for planar ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy were 0.34 and 0.38 (fair agreement), respectively, while the corresponding values for SPECT were 0.42 and 0.61 (moderate to substantial agreement).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is both feasible and clinically meaningful to perform V/Q SPECT in children. In this patient group, V/Q SPECT furthermore seems to have better interrater agreement than planar scintigraphy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutritional strategies for preventing endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise remain largely unknown. Considering that beetroot juice (BRJ) ingestion enhances nitric oxide levels, we aimed to evaluate whether prior BRJ ingestion would prevent endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise.
Methods
Twelve young males underwent two experimental trials of high-intensity resistance exercise with prior: (1) placebo ingestion (PLA trial) and (2) BRJ ingestion (BRJ trial). All participants ingested 140 mL of PLA or BRJ (approximately 0.0055 or 12.8 mmol of nitrate, respectively) before the high-intensity resistance exercise (leg extension). Participants performed a resistance exercise session comprising five sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of one repetition maximum. During each intervention trial, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were continuously measured. Brachial artery diameter, velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured at pre-, 60 min after PLA or BRJ ingestion, and 10 and 60 min after the resistance exercise.
Results
No differences in systolic blood pressure, shear rate, blood flow, and vascular conductance in response to resistance exercise were noted between the trials (p > 0.05). However, at post-10 min after the resistance exercise, the BRJ trial exhibited a greater brachial artery FMD than the PLA trial (p < 0.05). Moreover, the BRJ trial had a significantly higher ΔFMD from pre- to the post-10–min period than the PLA trial (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
BRJ ingestion prevents endothelial function impairment immediately after a high-intensity resistance exercise.
{"title":"Prior beetroot juice ingestion prevents the temporal reduction of endothelial function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise","authors":"Takuma Morishima, Sahiro Mizuno, Gaku Murakami, Rikako Yamazaki, Eisuke Ochi","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutritional strategies for preventing endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise remain largely unknown. Considering that beetroot juice (BRJ) ingestion enhances nitric oxide levels, we aimed to evaluate whether prior BRJ ingestion would prevent endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve young males underwent two experimental trials of high-intensity resistance exercise with prior: (1) placebo ingestion (PLA trial) and (2) BRJ ingestion (BRJ trial). All participants ingested 140 mL of PLA or BRJ (approximately 0.0055 or 12.8 mmol of nitrate, respectively) before the high-intensity resistance exercise (leg extension). Participants performed a resistance exercise session comprising five sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of one repetition maximum. During each intervention trial, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were continuously measured. Brachial artery diameter, velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured at pre-, 60 min after PLA or BRJ ingestion, and 10 and 60 min after the resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No differences in systolic blood pressure, shear rate, blood flow, and vascular conductance in response to resistance exercise were noted between the trials (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, at post-10 min after the resistance exercise, the BRJ trial exhibited a greater brachial artery FMD than the PLA trial (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the BRJ trial had a significantly higher ΔFMD from pre- to the post-10–min period than the PLA trial (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BRJ ingestion prevents endothelial function impairment immediately after a high-intensity resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel L. Buckner, Selena L. Gonzalez, John M. Holtje, Enrique N. Moreno, Scott J. Dankel
Introduction
Changes in muscle size are often measured as a change in muscle thickness (MT) or as a change in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Differences in how muscles are measured is an important consideration as different absolute and relative changes in muscle size may carry different meaning.
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in MT and CSA in the rectus femoris following five sets of knee extension exercise.
Methods
Thirty-four participants visited the laboratory for one visit. Participant's dominant leg was placed into the exercise condition, and their contralateral leg was used as a non-exercise control. Ultrasound images were taken in both legs, before performing five sets of unilateral knee extension exercise in the dominant leg. Following exercise, participants had ultrasound images re-assessed. Pre and post values of MT and CSA were calculated from all images.
Results
Muscle size increased in the exercise condition when measured as MT (mean change [95% CI] = 0.404 [−0.347 to 0.460] cm, p < 0.00) or CSA (mean change [95% CI] = 0.734 [0.522−0.946] cm2, p < 0.001). In relative teams, MT increased by 25.5%, and the effect size of the change was 2.49. For CSA, the relative change was 37.3% and the effect size of the change was 1.20.
Conclusions
The relative change in MT following five sets of knee extension exercise was smaller than the relative change in CSA; however, the effect was larger, suggesting that the smaller relative change may have been easier to detect.
肌肉大小的变化通常被测量为肌肉厚度（MT）的变化或肌肉横截面积（CSA）的变化。肌肉测量方式的差异是一个重要的考虑因素，因为肌肉大小的绝对和相对变化可能具有不同的含义。目的本研究的目的是比较五组膝关节伸展运动后股骨直肌MT和CSA的急性变化。方法34名受试者进行一次访视。参与者的主腿被置于运动状态，而他们的对侧腿被用作非运动对照组。在主腿进行5组单侧膝关节伸展运动前，对两条腿进行超声成像。运动后，参与者的超声图像被重新评估。从所有图像中计算MT和CSA的前后值。结果在运动条件下，以MT（平均变化[95% CI] = 0.404[−0.347 ~ 0.460]cm, p < 0.00）或CSA（平均变化[95% CI] = 0.734 [0.522 ~ 0.946] cm2, p < 0.001）测量肌肉大小增加。在相对团队中，MT增加了25.5%，变化的效应量为2.49。CSA的相对变化为37.3%，变化的效应量为1.20。结论5组膝关节伸展运动后MT的相对变化小于CSA的相对变化；然而，影响更大，这表明较小的相对变化可能更容易被发现。
{"title":"Absolute and relative changes in muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area","authors":"Samuel L. Buckner, Selena L. Gonzalez, John M. Holtje, Enrique N. Moreno, Scott J. Dankel","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in muscle size are often measured as a change in muscle thickness (MT) or as a change in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Differences in how muscles are measured is an important consideration as different absolute and relative changes in muscle size may carry different meaning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in MT and CSA in the rectus femoris following five sets of knee extension exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four participants visited the laboratory for one visit. Participant's dominant leg was placed into the exercise condition, and their contralateral leg was used as a non-exercise control. Ultrasound images were taken in both legs, before performing five sets of unilateral knee extension exercise in the dominant leg. Following exercise, participants had ultrasound images re-assessed. Pre and post values of MT and CSA were calculated from all images.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle size increased in the exercise condition when measured as MT (mean change [95% CI] = 0.404 [−0.347 to 0.460] cm, <i>p</i> < 0.00) or CSA (mean change [95% CI] = 0.734 [0.522−0.946] cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In relative teams, MT increased by 25.5%, and the effect size of the change was 2.49. For CSA, the relative change was 37.3% and the effect size of the change was 1.20.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relative change in MT following five sets of knee extension exercise was smaller than the relative change in CSA; however, the effect was larger, suggesting that the smaller relative change may have been easier to detect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Considerations for fasting and dehydration effects on pupillary light reflex: A commentary on Adam et al. (2025)","authors":"Kong Siang Syuan, Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The menopause transition is a critical period marked by significant physiological adaptations. Data on the dynamic changes in body composition and metabolism during this transition are limited. The purpose was to determine body composition and metabolic changes over a 2-year follow-up in a cross-sectional sample of premenopausal (PRE), perimenopausal (PERI), and postmenopausal (POST) females.
Methods
Twenty-three females who previously participated in a cross-sectional study returned for a 2-year follow-up visit were classified as PRE, PERI, or POST based on menstrual history and a Menopause Health Questionnaire. Muscle size [muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA)] and muscle quality [echo intensity, (EI)] were evaluated in the vastus lateralis with ultrasound. Bone mass and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and metabolic flexibility through submax exercise with indirect calorimetry.
Results
At the 2-year follow-up, POST females had an increase in EI (change: 26.93 ± 12.82 a.u., group×time p-adjusted = 0.001) with no change in mCSA (change: −2.03 ± 2.40 cm², group×time p = 0.980). PERI compared to PRE females had lower total bone mass (group×time p-adjusted = 0.029) with an even lower bone mass in POST compared to PERI females (group×time p-adjusted = 0.023). No differences in metabolic flexibility at any exercise intensity were observed between groups over time (group×time p = ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion
This study highlights a decline in muscle quality and total bone mass despite stable muscle size, emphasizing the need for targeted exercise and nutrition interventions to support muscle and bone health in females around the menopause transition.
绝经过渡期是一个重要的生理适应时期。关于这一转变过程中身体成分和新陈代谢的动态变化的数据是有限的。目的是确定绝经前（PRE）、围绝经期（PERI）和绝经后（POST）女性的横断面样本在2年随访期间的身体组成和代谢变化。方法对23名曾参加过横断面研究的女性进行为期2年的随访，根据月经史和绝经健康问卷将其分为PRE、PERI或POST。用超声评估股外侧肌的肌肉大小[肌肉横截面积（mCSA）]和肌肉质量[回声强度（EI）]。采用双能x线骨量测定法评估骨量和体成分，并采用间接量热法通过极限运动评估代谢灵活性。结果随访2年，术后女性EI增加（变化：26.93±12.82 a.u， group×time p校正= 0.001），mCSA无变化（变化：−2.03±2.40 cm²，group×time p = 0.980）。与PRE组相比，PRE组女性的总骨量更低（group×time p调整= 0.029），而POST组女性的骨量更低（group×time p调整= 0.023）。各组在任何运动强度下的代谢柔韧性随时间变化均无差异（group×time p =≥0.05）。本研究强调了肌肉质量和总骨量的下降，尽管肌肉大小稳定，强调需要有针对性的锻炼和营养干预，以支持绝经期女性的肌肉和骨骼健康。
{"title":"Physiological alterations around the menopause transition—A 2-year follow-up in PRE, PERI, and POST menopause females","authors":"Paul A. Baker, Sam R. Moore, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The menopause transition is a critical period marked by significant physiological adaptations. Data on the dynamic changes in body composition and metabolism during this transition are limited. The purpose was to determine body composition and metabolic changes over a 2-year follow-up in a cross-sectional sample of premenopausal (PRE), perimenopausal (PERI), and postmenopausal (POST) females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-three females who previously participated in a cross-sectional study returned for a 2-year follow-up visit were classified as PRE, PERI, or POST based on menstrual history and a Menopause Health Questionnaire. Muscle size [muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA)] and muscle quality [echo intensity, (EI)] were evaluated in the vastus lateralis with ultrasound. Bone mass and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and metabolic flexibility through submax exercise with indirect calorimetry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the 2-year follow-up, POST females had an increase in EI (change: 26.93 ± 12.82 a.u., group×time p-adjusted = 0.001) with no change in mCSA (change: −2.03 ± 2.40 cm², group×time <i>p</i> = 0.980). PERI compared to PRE females had lower total bone mass (group×time p-adjusted = 0.029) with an even lower bone mass in POST compared to PERI females (group×time p-adjusted = 0.023). No differences in metabolic flexibility at any exercise intensity were observed between groups over time (group×time <i>p</i> = ≥ 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights a decline in muscle quality and total bone mass despite stable muscle size, emphasizing the need for targeted exercise and nutrition interventions to support muscle and bone health in females around the menopause transition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Lira, William Boyer, Trevor Gillum, Sean Sullivan, Jong-Kyung Kim
Backgrounds
Evidence indicated that an increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability via dietary supplementation decreased sympathetic output. Grape seed extract (GSE) supplement has been known to increase NO production and improve endothelial function in individuals with elevated and stage 1 hypertension (ES1H), but no studies have assessed the effects of this extract on autonomic balance. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 7 days of dietary GSE supplementation on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses.
Methods
Ten males were recruited in this study. Each subject received GSE or placebo supplementation with a 1-week wash-out period. In a double-blinded, cross-over design, hemodynamic responses (heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean atrial pressure (MAP)), heart rate variability (HRV), and cold pressor test (CPT) were compared before and after either GSE or placebo supplementation.
Results
Our results indicated that GSE decreased resting DBP (75 ± 2 vs. 71 ± 3) and MAP (91 ± 2 vs. 88 ± 3) compared to the placebo (DBP:71 ± 3 vs. 74 ± 3; MAP: 89 ± 2 vs. 90 ± 2). However, MAP responses to CPT had no difference between post-PL and post-GSE supplementation when expressed as absolute increases (PL, Δ10.3 ± 1 mmHg, GSE, Δ9.1 ± 1 mmHg). There were no differences on the HR, SV, CO, SBP, and HRV between placebo and GSE treatments.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that GSE can be used as a dietary nutraceutical capable of reducing blood pressure and the risk of ES1H development. The reduction of blood pressure occurs via peripheral vasodilation, not associated with cardiac autonomic reactivity.
有证据表明，通过膳食补充增加一氧化氮（NO）的生物利用度会降低交感神经输出。已知葡萄籽提取物（GSE）补充剂可以增加一氧化氮的产生并改善1期高血压（ES1H）患者的内皮功能，但没有研究评估这种提取物对自主神经平衡的影响。因此，本研究的目的是研究饲粮中添加7天GSE对心脏自主神经和血流动力学反应的影响。方法本研究招募10名男性。每位受试者接受GSE或安慰剂补充，洗脱期为1周。在双盲、交叉设计中，比较了GSE或安慰剂补充前后的血流动力学反应(心率（HR）、卒中量（SV）、心输出量（CO）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均心房压（MAP）、心率变异性（HRV）和冷压试验（CPT）。结果与安慰剂相比，GSE可降低静息DBP（75±2比71±3）和MAP(91±2比88±3)(DBP:71±3比74±3；MAP: 89±2 vs. 90±2)。然而，当以绝对增加表示（PL， Δ10.3±1 mmHg， GSE， Δ9.1±1 mmHg）时，添加GSE后和添加GSE后对CPT的MAP反应没有差异。安慰剂组和GSE组在HR、SV、CO、SBP和HRV方面没有差异。结论GSE可作为一种膳食营养保健品，具有降低血压和降低ES1H发生风险的作用。血压的降低是通过外周血管舒张发生的，与心脏自主神经反应无关。
{"title":"Effect of 7-day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses in elevated and stage 1 hypertension","authors":"Albert Lira, William Boyer, Trevor Gillum, Sean Sullivan, Jong-Kyung Kim","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence indicated that an increase in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability via dietary supplementation decreased sympathetic output. Grape seed extract (GSE) supplement has been known to increase NO production and improve endothelial function in individuals with elevated and stage 1 hypertension (ES1H), but no studies have assessed the effects of this extract on autonomic balance. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 7 days of dietary GSE supplementation on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten males were recruited in this study. Each subject received GSE or placebo supplementation with a 1-week wash-out period. In a double-blinded, cross-over design, hemodynamic responses (heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean atrial pressure (MAP)), heart rate variability (HRV), and cold pressor test (CPT) were compared before and after either GSE or placebo supplementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicated that GSE decreased resting DBP (75 ± 2 vs. 71 ± 3) and MAP (91 ± 2 vs. 88 ± 3) compared to the placebo (DBP:71 ± 3 vs. 74 ± 3; MAP: 89 ± 2 vs. 90 ± 2). However, MAP responses to CPT had no difference between post-PL and post-GSE supplementation when expressed as absolute increases (PL, Δ10.3 ± 1 mmHg, GSE, Δ9.1 ± 1 mmHg). There were no differences on the HR, SV, CO, SBP, and HRV between placebo and GSE treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study suggests that GSE can be used as a dietary nutraceutical capable of reducing blood pressure and the risk of ES1H development. The reduction of blood pressure occurs via peripheral vasodilation, not associated with cardiac autonomic reactivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute dyspnea in emergency departments (ED) requires prompt and accurate diagnosis due to its high mortality and readmission rates. Conventional diagnostic methods are resource-intensive and time-consuming. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and time to diagnosis of combined heart and lung ultrasound (HeaLus) compared to standard emergency department evaluation in patients presenting with dyspnea.
Methods
A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 61 patients at the ED of Danderyd Hospital, Sweden. HeaLus examinations were performed alongside routine investigations. Diagnostic performance of HeaLus and ED evaluation was assessed for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, and agreement using Kappa index. Median time to diagnostics was compared between HeaLus and ED evaluation using Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results
Heart failure was the most common diagnosis (20%) among patients presenting with dyspnea. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95% (95% CI: [87%, 98%]), 98% (95% CI: [88%, 100%]), 90% (95% CI: [69%, 97%]), 95% (95% CI: [85%, 99%]), and 94% (95% CI: [74%, 99%]), respectively. The agreement between HeaLus and ED diagnoses was 0.88. Time to diagnosis was significantly reduced with HeaLus (21 min vs. 3 h and 28 min).
Conclusions
HeaLus offers rapid and accurate assessment of dyspnea. These results suggest that HeaLus could be valuable in optimizing patient management, particularly in settings with limited resources and long ED wait times.
{"title":"Diagnostic value of combined heart and lung ultrasound in emergency department patients with dyspnea","authors":"Anna Bjällmark, Gustaf Hummel, Kambiz Shahgaldi","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute dyspnea in emergency departments (ED) requires prompt and accurate diagnosis due to its high mortality and readmission rates. Conventional diagnostic methods are resource-intensive and time-consuming. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and time to diagnosis of combined heart and lung ultrasound (HeaLus) compared to standard emergency department evaluation in patients presenting with dyspnea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 61 patients at the ED of Danderyd Hospital, Sweden. HeaLus examinations were performed alongside routine investigations. Diagnostic performance of HeaLus and ED evaluation was assessed for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, and agreement using Kappa index. Median time to diagnostics was compared between HeaLus and ED evaluation using Mann-Whitney U-test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart failure was the most common diagnosis (20%) among patients presenting with dyspnea. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95% (95% CI: [87%, 98%]), 98% (95% CI: [88%, 100%]), 90% (95% CI: [69%, 97%]), 95% (95% CI: [85%, 99%]), and 94% (95% CI: [74%, 99%]), respectively. The agreement between HeaLus and ED diagnoses was 0.88. Time to diagnosis was significantly reduced with HeaLus (21 min vs. 3 h and 28 min).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HeaLus offers rapid and accurate assessment of dyspnea. These results suggest that HeaLus could be valuable in optimizing patient management, particularly in settings with limited resources and long ED wait times.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Filaire, Hélène Perrault, Claire Dauphin, Aurélie Chalard, Bruno Pereira, Frederic Costes, Ruddy Richard
Purpose
Inasmuch as they are deemed valid, noninvasive measurement of cardiac output techniques present advantages of ease and safety for use in humans. Few studies have compared the use of thoracic bioimpedance and inert gas rebreathing techniques for cardiac output (CO) assessment at rest and exercise. This manuscript reports on differences between Physioflow® and Innocor® CO measurements at rest and during cycling in a population of healthy subjects.
Methods
Fifty healthy subjects (52 ± 16 years) underwent an incremental cycle exercise testing (IET) during which standardized Physioflow® and Innocor® CO assessments were achieved. Measurements were completed in a subgroup of twelve subjects during two constant-load 10-min cycling bouts at moderate and high intensities.
Results
Mean difference between Physioflow® and Innocor® was of 0.002 ± 0.98 l/min at rest and 0.38 ± 1.31 l/min during IET without statistical difference. Correlation coefficient values were higher for exercise (r = 0.83) than resting (r = 0.40) measurements. Good reproducibility of the two devices was observed on different graded exercises with intraindividual variability lower than 6%, except for rest Innocor® CO measurements (CV = 18%).
Conclusion
Physioflow® and Innocor® can be easily used concomitantly for noninvasive measurement of CO. Despite finding a strong agreement between techniques for exercise CO, results should not be interpreted as being interchangeable as values are derived from different flow measurements: systemic blood flow for Physioflow® and pulmonary blood flow for Innocor®. However, the concomitant use of both techniques could be of value in clinical setting for noninvasive intrathoracic shunt quantification.
{"title":"Agreement of concomitant cardiac output measurement by thoracic bio-impedance and inert gas rebreathing in healthy subjects","authors":"Laura Filaire, Hélène Perrault, Claire Dauphin, Aurélie Chalard, Bruno Pereira, Frederic Costes, Ruddy Richard","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inasmuch as they are deemed valid, noninvasive measurement of cardiac output techniques present advantages of ease and safety for use in humans. Few studies have compared the use of thoracic bioimpedance and inert gas rebreathing techniques for cardiac output (CO) assessment at rest and exercise. This manuscript reports on differences between Physioflow® and Innocor® CO measurements at rest and during cycling in a population of healthy subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty healthy subjects (52 ± 16 years) underwent an incremental cycle exercise testing (IET) during which standardized Physioflow® and Innocor® CO assessments were achieved. Measurements were completed in a subgroup of twelve subjects during two constant-load 10-min cycling bouts at moderate and high intensities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean difference between Physioflow® and Innocor® was of 0.002 ± 0.98 l/min at rest and 0.38 ± 1.31 l/min during IET without statistical difference. Correlation coefficient values were higher for exercise (<i>r</i> = 0.83) than resting (<i>r</i> = 0.40) measurements. Good reproducibility of the two devices was observed on different graded exercises with intraindividual variability lower than 6%, except for rest Innocor® CO measurements (CV = 18%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physioflow® and Innocor® can be easily used concomitantly for noninvasive measurement of CO. Despite finding a strong agreement between techniques for exercise CO, results should not be interpreted as being interchangeable as values are derived from different flow measurements: systemic blood flow for Physioflow® and pulmonary blood flow for Innocor®. However, the concomitant use of both techniques could be of value in clinical setting for noninvasive intrathoracic shunt quantification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is frequently used in the diagnosis of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism (PE), it also plays a significant role in diagnosing pulmonary vascular diseases. Additionally, in the presence of a mismatch defect on V/Q scintigraphy, pulmonary vascular anomalies should be considered as a possible alternative to PE. For this reason, we aimed to present three cases with Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), one of which was also complicated by PE, and one case with pulmonary artery hypoplasia.
Case Presentation
Case 1: PE was diagnosed by V/Q scintigraphy in a patient with known SJMS. Case 2: SJMS was diagnosed by thoracic computed tomography (CT), flexible optical bronchoscopy (FOB) and V/Q scintigraphy. Case 3: V/Q scintigraphy revealed pulmonary artery hypoplasia in the differential diagnosis of PE when evaluated together with FOB and thoracic CT. Case 4: Diagnosed as SJMS by Thorax CT and V/Q scintigraphy in the presence of chronic lung disease.
Conclusions
V/Q scintigraphy is also used in the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary vascular and airway diseases. Thoracic CT should be performed together with evaluation to reach the diagnosis in this group of patients. In cases with mismatch defects, vascular anomalies should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
{"title":"Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in patients with pulmonary vascular anomaly","authors":"Hamdi Afşin, Emine Afşin","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is frequently used in the diagnosis of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism (PE), it also plays a significant role in diagnosing pulmonary vascular diseases. Additionally, in the presence of a mismatch defect on V/Q scintigraphy, pulmonary vascular anomalies should be considered as a possible alternative to PE. For this reason, we aimed to present three cases with Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), one of which was also complicated by PE, and one case with pulmonary artery hypoplasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case 1: PE was diagnosed by V/Q scintigraphy in a patient with known SJMS. Case 2: SJMS was diagnosed by thoracic computed tomography (CT), flexible optical bronchoscopy (FOB) and V/Q scintigraphy. Case 3: V/Q scintigraphy revealed pulmonary artery hypoplasia in the differential diagnosis of PE when evaluated together with FOB and thoracic CT. Case 4: Diagnosed as SJMS by Thorax CT and V/Q scintigraphy in the presence of chronic lung disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>V/Q scintigraphy is also used in the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary vascular and airway diseases. Thoracic CT should be performed together with evaluation to reach the diagnosis in this group of patients. In cases with mismatch defects, vascular anomalies should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew LeMense, Abby Fleming, Samuel Gomez, John Lewis, Harrison Labanowski, Michael Fedewa, Lee Winchester
Purpose
Blood blow restriction (BFR) can increase peak velocity and power during high load resistance training. However, previous research primarily utilized high occlusion pressures (i.e., greater than 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), and rarely measured the physiological response during or after the bench press stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of 50%AOP during acute high load bench press exercise on barbell power, velocity, and the physiological responses to this stimulus.
Methods
Resistance trained males (n = 12, 26.2 ± 6.6 yrs., 84.0 ± 10.8 kg, 176.3 ± 10.4 cm) completed a maximum strength test followed by two experimental sessions which consisted of four sets of 4 reps of the barbell bench press at 75%1RM, with or without BFR applied to both arms at 50% AOP. Significance was set to p ≤ 0.05. A series of two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc corrections tested for potential changes in bar velocity, power, blood lactate, and muscle thickness and activation of the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major.
Results
There were no main effects for the interaction terms “Condition×Set” or “Condition×Time,” nor for “Condition” for any variables (all p > 0.05). There was a “Time” effect for blood lactate (p < 0.001) with lactate increasing from pre- to postexercise, and a main effects for “Set” for mean (p = 0.016) and peak velocity (p = 0.005).
Conclusion
There was no difference in the change in velocity, or physiological responses during high load bench press with or without BFR at 50%AOP. While promising, use of BFR for upper body power may require pressures >50%AOP.
{"title":"Blood flow restriction during high load bench press does not increase bar velocity or cause physiological changes in non-occluded agonist muscles","authors":"Andrew LeMense, Abby Fleming, Samuel Gomez, John Lewis, Harrison Labanowski, Michael Fedewa, Lee Winchester","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood blow restriction (BFR) can increase peak velocity and power during high load resistance training. However, previous research primarily utilized high occlusion pressures (i.e., greater than 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), and rarely measured the physiological response during or after the bench press stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of 50%AOP during acute high load bench press exercise on barbell power, velocity, and the physiological responses to this stimulus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resistance trained males (<i>n</i> = 12, 26.2 ± 6.6 yrs., 84.0 ± 10.8 kg, 176.3 ± 10.4 cm) completed a maximum strength test followed by two experimental sessions which consisted of four sets of 4 reps of the barbell bench press at 75%1RM, with or without BFR applied to both arms at 50% AOP. Significance was set to <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. A series of two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc corrections tested for potential changes in bar velocity, power, blood lactate, and muscle thickness and activation of the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no main effects for the interaction terms “Condition×Set” or “Condition×Time,” nor for “Condition” for any variables (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). There was a “Time” effect for blood lactate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with lactate increasing from pre- to postexercise, and a main effects for “Set” for mean (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and peak velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no difference in the change in velocity, or physiological responses during high load bench press with or without BFR at 50%AOP. While promising, use of BFR for upper body power may require pressures >50%AOP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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