Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is frequently used in the diagnosis of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism (PE), it also plays a significant role in diagnosing pulmonary vascular diseases. Additionally, in the presence of a mismatch defect on V/Q scintigraphy, pulmonary vascular anomalies should be considered as a possible alternative to PE. For this reason, we aimed to present three cases with Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), one of which was also complicated by PE, and one case with pulmonary artery hypoplasia.
Case Presentation
Case 1: PE was diagnosed by V/Q scintigraphy in a patient with known SJMS. Case 2: SJMS was diagnosed by thoracic computed tomography (CT), flexible optical bronchoscopy (FOB) and V/Q scintigraphy. Case 3: V/Q scintigraphy revealed pulmonary artery hypoplasia in the differential diagnosis of PE when evaluated together with FOB and thoracic CT. Case 4: Diagnosed as SJMS by Thorax CT and V/Q scintigraphy in the presence of chronic lung disease.
Conclusions
V/Q scintigraphy is also used in the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary vascular and airway diseases. Thoracic CT should be performed together with evaluation to reach the diagnosis in this group of patients. In cases with mismatch defects, vascular anomalies should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
{"title":"Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in patients with pulmonary vascular anomaly","authors":"Hamdi Afşin, Emine Afşin","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy is frequently used in the diagnosis of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism (PE), it also plays a significant role in diagnosing pulmonary vascular diseases. Additionally, in the presence of a mismatch defect on V/Q scintigraphy, pulmonary vascular anomalies should be considered as a possible alternative to PE. For this reason, we aimed to present three cases with Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome (SJMS), one of which was also complicated by PE, and one case with pulmonary artery hypoplasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case 1: PE was diagnosed by V/Q scintigraphy in a patient with known SJMS. Case 2: SJMS was diagnosed by thoracic computed tomography (CT), flexible optical bronchoscopy (FOB) and V/Q scintigraphy. Case 3: V/Q scintigraphy revealed pulmonary artery hypoplasia in the differential diagnosis of PE when evaluated together with FOB and thoracic CT. Case 4: Diagnosed as SJMS by Thorax CT and V/Q scintigraphy in the presence of chronic lung disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>V/Q scintigraphy is also used in the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary vascular and airway diseases. Thoracic CT should be performed together with evaluation to reach the diagnosis in this group of patients. In cases with mismatch defects, vascular anomalies should also be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew LeMense, Abby Fleming, Samuel Gomez, John Lewis, Harrison Labanowski, Michael Fedewa, Lee Winchester
Purpose
Blood blow restriction (BFR) can increase peak velocity and power during high load resistance training. However, previous research primarily utilized high occlusion pressures (i.e., greater than 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), and rarely measured the physiological response during or after the bench press stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of 50%AOP during acute high load bench press exercise on barbell power, velocity, and the physiological responses to this stimulus.
Methods
Resistance trained males (n = 12, 26.2 ± 6.6 yrs., 84.0 ± 10.8 kg, 176.3 ± 10.4 cm) completed a maximum strength test followed by two experimental sessions which consisted of four sets of 4 reps of the barbell bench press at 75%1RM, with or without BFR applied to both arms at 50% AOP. Significance was set to p ≤ 0.05. A series of two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc corrections tested for potential changes in bar velocity, power, blood lactate, and muscle thickness and activation of the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major.
Results
There were no main effects for the interaction terms “Condition×Set” or “Condition×Time,” nor for “Condition” for any variables (all p > 0.05). There was a “Time” effect for blood lactate (p < 0.001) with lactate increasing from pre- to postexercise, and a main effects for “Set” for mean (p = 0.016) and peak velocity (p = 0.005).
Conclusion
There was no difference in the change in velocity, or physiological responses during high load bench press with or without BFR at 50%AOP. While promising, use of BFR for upper body power may require pressures >50%AOP.
{"title":"Blood flow restriction during high load bench press does not increase bar velocity or cause physiological changes in non-occluded agonist muscles","authors":"Andrew LeMense, Abby Fleming, Samuel Gomez, John Lewis, Harrison Labanowski, Michael Fedewa, Lee Winchester","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood blow restriction (BFR) can increase peak velocity and power during high load resistance training. However, previous research primarily utilized high occlusion pressures (i.e., greater than 80% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP)), and rarely measured the physiological response during or after the bench press stimuli. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of 50%AOP during acute high load bench press exercise on barbell power, velocity, and the physiological responses to this stimulus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resistance trained males (<i>n</i> = 12, 26.2 ± 6.6 yrs., 84.0 ± 10.8 kg, 176.3 ± 10.4 cm) completed a maximum strength test followed by two experimental sessions which consisted of four sets of 4 reps of the barbell bench press at 75%1RM, with or without BFR applied to both arms at 50% AOP. Significance was set to <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. A series of two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc corrections tested for potential changes in bar velocity, power, blood lactate, and muscle thickness and activation of the anterior deltoid and pectoralis major.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no main effects for the interaction terms “Condition×Set” or “Condition×Time,” nor for “Condition” for any variables (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). There was a “Time” effect for blood lactate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with lactate increasing from pre- to postexercise, and a main effects for “Set” for mean (<i>p</i> = 0.016) and peak velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no difference in the change in velocity, or physiological responses during high load bench press with or without BFR at 50%AOP. While promising, use of BFR for upper body power may require pressures >50%AOP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatsuya Sugimoto, Kazuya Sugiyama, Kumi Matsumura, Kana Michiue, Kumiko Ono, Akira Ishikawa
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of consciously controlled slow breathing on cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity Postexercise. Fifteen young healthy adult men participated in this study. They exercised on the bicycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake for 10 min and then rested on the chair for 10 min. Two conditions were performed, namely slow breathing at 6 breaths per minute (SLOW) and spontaneous breathing (CON) at recovery phase in randomized order. We measured the oxygen uptake (V̇O2), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (V̇E), tidal volume (VT), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide excretion (V̇E/V̇CO2), heart rate (HR), and R-R intervals. From the R-R intervals, we calculated the coefficient of variation of the R-R intervals (CVRR), the natural logarithms of the high-frequency (lnHF), and the natural logarithms of the sum of the components from very low- to high-frequency (total power: lnTP). There were no significant differences between conditions in V̇O2 at exercise phase. At recovery phase in SLOW compared with CON, RR and V̇E/V̇CO2 were significantly decreased (both p < 0.001) with a slight decrease in V̇E, and VT was increased (p < 0.001). At recovery phase, while HR and lnHF had no differences between conditions, lnTP and CVRR were significantly higher in SLOW compared with CON (p < 0.05) and baseline phase (p < 0.05). In conclusion, slow breathing at six breaths per minute accelerated the reactivation of cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity Postexercise, accompanied by improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange due to a slight decrease in V̇E.
{"title":"Effects of consciously controlled slow breathing on cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity postexercise in young healthy males","authors":"Tatsuya Sugimoto, Kazuya Sugiyama, Kumi Matsumura, Kana Michiue, Kumiko Ono, Akira Ishikawa","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of consciously controlled slow breathing on cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity Postexercise. Fifteen young healthy adult men participated in this study. They exercised on the bicycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake for 10 min and then rested on the chair for 10 min. Two conditions were performed, namely slow breathing at 6 breaths per minute (SLOW) and spontaneous breathing (CON) at recovery phase in randomized order. We measured the oxygen uptake (<i>V̇</i><sub>O2</sub>), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (<i>V̇</i><sub>E</sub>), tidal volume (<i>V</i><sub>T</sub>), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide excretion (<i>V̇</i><sub>E</sub>/<i>V̇</i><sub>CO2</sub>), heart rate (HR), and R-R intervals. From the R-R intervals, we calculated the coefficient of variation of the R-R intervals (CVRR), the natural logarithms of the high-frequency (lnHF), and the natural logarithms of the sum of the components from very low- to high-frequency (total power: lnTP). There were no significant differences between conditions in <i>V̇</i><sub>O2</sub> at exercise phase. At recovery phase in SLOW compared with CON, RR and <i>V̇</i><sub>E</sub>/<i>V̇</i><sub>CO2</sub> were significantly decreased (both <i>p</i> < 0.001) with a slight decrease in <i>V̇</i><sub>E</sub>, and <i>V</i><sub>T</sub> was increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). At recovery phase, while HR and lnHF had no differences between conditions, lnTP and CVRR were significantly higher in SLOW compared with CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and baseline phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, slow breathing at six breaths per minute accelerated the reactivation of cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity Postexercise, accompanied by improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange due to a slight decrease in <i>V̇</i><sub>E</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the understanding of the role of diaphragm role as a crucial element in trunk stabilizer performance, limited research has been carried out on the diaphragmatic features particularly in smoking population.
Objectives
It was aimed to compare the diaphragm structure beside trunk stabilizer performance & body balance of young regular smokers and non-smokers and investigate the relationship between diaphragmatic features and physical performance in regular smokers.
Methods
Asymptomatic regular smoker (n = 22) and nonsmoker (n = 22) young male subjects (21.63 ± 2.37 years) were participated to the study. The diaphragmatic ultrasonic scanning and physical performance tests of core muscle strength and endurance & Y balance test were performed.
Results
The duration of prone and lateral side bridge (t = −3.347, t = 3.477, p < 0.001), and modify push-up test repetition (Z = −2.213, p = 0.027) were detected lower in regular smokers. A positive moderate correlation was observed between the duration of the prone bridge test and the maximum inspiration thickness & the thickness difference at inspiration and expiration (r = 0.545, p = 0.009 & r = 0.468, p = 0.028) and between the number of repetitions of the modify push-up and the maximum expiration thickness (r = 0.530, p = 0.011).
Conclusion
While no difference was detected in terms of the diaphragm structure between groups, trunk stabilizer performance was lower and greater diaphragm thickness was associated with better trunk stability in some performance tasks in smokers. While the diaphragm muscle structure, which is the main respiratory muscle, does not differ in young smokers, the effects of the diaphragm muscle on general body biomechanics have been preliminary demonstrated.
{"title":"Diaphragm thickness and physical performance in regular smokers and non-smokers: A pilot study","authors":"Bahar Özgül, Zübeyir Sarı, İlkşan Demirbüken, Hilal Başak Can, Zana Gezer, Halil Yıldırım, Mine Gülden Polat","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the understanding of the role of diaphragm role as a crucial element in trunk stabilizer performance, limited research has been carried out on the diaphragmatic features particularly in smoking population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was aimed to compare the diaphragm structure beside trunk stabilizer performance & body balance of young regular smokers and non-smokers and investigate the relationship between diaphragmatic features and physical performance in regular smokers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Asymptomatic regular smoker (<i>n</i> = 22) and nonsmoker (<i>n</i> = 22) young male subjects (21.63 ± 2.37 years) were participated to the study. The diaphragmatic ultrasonic scanning and physical performance tests of core muscle strength and endurance & Y balance test were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The duration of prone and lateral side bridge (<i>t</i> = −3.347, <i>t</i> = 3.477, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and modify push-up test repetition (<i>Z</i> = −2.213, <i>p</i> = 0.027) were detected lower in regular smokers. A positive moderate correlation was observed between the duration of the prone bridge test and the maximum inspiration thickness & the thickness difference at inspiration and expiration (<i>r</i> = 0.545, <i>p</i> = 0.009 & <i>r</i> = 0.468, <i>p</i> = 0.028) and between the number of repetitions of the modify push-up and the maximum expiration thickness (<i>r</i> = 0.530, <i>p</i> = 0.011).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While no difference was detected in terms of the diaphragm structure between groups, trunk stabilizer performance was lower and greater diaphragm thickness was associated with better trunk stability in some performance tasks in smokers. While the diaphragm muscle structure, which is the main respiratory muscle, does not differ in young smokers, the effects of the diaphragm muscle on general body biomechanics have been preliminary demonstrated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements are the gold standard for assessing arterial stiffness and estimating time or treatment-related changes in cardiovascular status. What constitutes a statistically significant change is an important clinical consideration. This study aimed to describe the variability of heart-to-finger pulse wave conduction time (PWCT) to provide estimates of the minimum detectable change (MDC) dependent on the number of PWCT samples used.
Materials and methods
Heart-to-finger PWCT was measured based on the time delay between the peak of the EKG R-wave and arterial pulse arrival at the left hand index finger as measured by a photoplethysmographic sensor. Measurements were done in 10 young adults (25.7 ± 1.2 years) while supine for 45 min. Depending on the subject's heart rate, these measurements yielded 2430 to 3750 contiguous PWCT for analysis. The variability in these PWCTs was used to determine the minimal detectable percentage change for specified p-values of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001.
Results
Sample sizes of 10, 30, 50, or 300 contiguous PWCTs yield similar MDC estimates for a given targeted p-value. The MDC% depended on the chosen p-value, with values of MDC% for p-values of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 being 7.8%, 10.5%, and 13.6%.
Conclusions
The estimates may help plan experiments when changes or differences in PWCT or PWV are of interest. Also, these MDC estimates may help assess the validity of clinical study outcomes if PWV changes are outcome measures. The main limitation of the estimates is that they are based on 10 healthy subjects.
{"title":"Minimum detectable change estimates of heart-to-finger arterial pulse wave conduction time in cardiovascular-healthy young adults","authors":"Harvey N. Mayrovitz","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements are the gold standard for assessing arterial stiffness and estimating time or treatment-related changes in cardiovascular status. What constitutes a statistically significant change is an important clinical consideration. This study aimed to describe the variability of heart-to-finger pulse wave conduction time (PWCT) to provide estimates of the minimum detectable change (MDC) dependent on the number of PWCT samples used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart-to-finger PWCT was measured based on the time delay between the peak of the EKG R-wave and arterial pulse arrival at the left hand index finger as measured by a photoplethysmographic sensor. Measurements were done in 10 young adults (25.7 ± 1.2 years) while supine for 45 min. Depending on the subject's heart rate, these measurements yielded 2430 to 3750 contiguous PWCT for analysis. The variability in these PWCTs was used to determine the minimal detectable percentage change for specified p-values of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sample sizes of 10, 30, 50, or 300 contiguous PWCTs yield similar MDC estimates for a given targeted <i>p</i>-value. The MDC% depended on the chosen <i>p</i>-value, with values of MDC% for <i>p</i>-values of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 being 7.8%, 10.5%, and 13.6%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The estimates may help plan experiments when changes or differences in PWCT or PWV are of interest. Also, these MDC estimates may help assess the validity of clinical study outcomes if PWV changes are outcome measures. The main limitation of the estimates is that they are based on 10 healthy subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murat Kara, Ahmad J. Abdulsalam, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
Body composition analysis is essential for assessing health and fitness, providing insights into fat and muscle distribution in the body and serving as a vital indicator for various conditions. Traditional methods often lack precision, but ultrasound (US) has emerged as a noninvasive alternative. The intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue to quadriceps muscle thickness ratio emerges as a significant indicator of metabolic health, offering clinicians a valuable tool for personalized interventions. With US, it represents a significant advancement in body composition analysis, promising detailed insights with its noninvasive and real-time imaging capabilities, likely expanding its role in improving human health assessment and interventions.
{"title":"SVAT–sonographic thickness ratio of visceral adipose tissue to anterior thigh muscle: a novel approach for body composition analysis","authors":"Murat Kara, Ahmad J. Abdulsalam, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Body composition analysis is essential for assessing health and fitness, providing insights into fat and muscle distribution in the body and serving as a vital indicator for various conditions. Traditional methods often lack precision, but ultrasound (US) has emerged as a noninvasive alternative. The intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue to quadriceps muscle thickness ratio emerges as a significant indicator of metabolic health, offering clinicians a valuable tool for personalized interventions. With US, it represents a significant advancement in body composition analysis, promising detailed insights with its noninvasive and real-time imaging capabilities, likely expanding its role in improving human health assessment and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Lyngby Lassen, Jacob Peter Hartmann, Christina Byrne, Ronan M. G. Berg, Andreas Kjær, Philip Hasbak
Purpose
To investigate the efficacy of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) as a marker of the cardiac hyperemic response to adenosine during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).
Methods
Forty healthy subjects underwent four consecutive Rubidium-82 rest/adenosine-stress MPI: two sessions were conducted without any caffeine consumption (baseline), while the remaining two sessions involved controlled caffeine consumption (arm 1: 100 and 300 mg; arm 2: 200 and 400 mg). We evaluate the ability of the stress-to-rest ratio of PBV (PBV ratio) to identify an adequate cardiac hyperemic response. The adequate hyperemic response was defined as a stress myocardial blood flow >2 mL/g/min and a corresponding myocardial flow reserve >68% of the maximum myocardial flow reserve obtained during the baseline scans.
Results
Based on 126 MPI sessions conducted in 40 subjects, the PBV ratio demonstrated a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 74% in detecting adequate cardiac hyperemia. The positive predictive value was 95%, while the negative predictive value was 36%.
Conclusion
The PBV ratio permits the identification of adequate hyperemic response with sensitivities and specificities comparable to existing markers.
{"title":"Pulmonary blood volume as a marker of adenosine-induced cardiac hyperemia: A Rubidium-82 study","authors":"Martin Lyngby Lassen, Jacob Peter Hartmann, Christina Byrne, Ronan M. G. Berg, Andreas Kjær, Philip Hasbak","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the efficacy of pulmonary blood volume (PBV) as a marker of the cardiac hyperemic response to adenosine during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty healthy subjects underwent four consecutive Rubidium-82 rest/adenosine-stress MPI: two sessions were conducted without any caffeine consumption (baseline), while the remaining two sessions involved controlled caffeine consumption (arm 1: 100 and 300 mg; arm 2: 200 and 400 mg). We evaluate the ability of the stress-to-rest ratio of PBV (PBV ratio) to identify an adequate cardiac hyperemic response. The adequate hyperemic response was defined as a stress myocardial blood flow >2 mL/g/min and a corresponding myocardial flow reserve >68% of the maximum myocardial flow reserve obtained during the baseline scans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on 126 MPI sessions conducted in 40 subjects, the PBV ratio demonstrated a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 74% in detecting adequate cardiac hyperemia. The positive predictive value was 95%, while the negative predictive value was 36%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PBV ratio permits the identification of adequate hyperemic response with sensitivities and specificities comparable to existing markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stine Sundgaard Langaa, Camilla Lundgreen Duus, Marie Houmaa Vrist, Frank Holden Mose, Claire Anne Fynbo, Jørn Theil, June Anita Ejlersen, Jesper Nørgaard Bech
Background
Although numerous techniques exist for renal blood flow (RBF) estimation, none of the methods have been implemented in routine clinical practice due to their inadequacies and burdensomeness. Previously, we evaluated rubidium-82 (82Rb) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for renal perfusion determination and found strong indications of method precision and reliability. The aim of this study was to compare renal 82Rb clearance with renal technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([99mTc]Tc-MAG3) clearance as a first attempt to validate 82Rb PET/CT for renal perfusion estimation using a reference method.
Methods
Ten subjects with essential hypertension underwent two treatment periods, receiving spironolactone and placebo in random order. At the end of each period, each subject completed a 82Rb PET/CT scan and a [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 clearance study.
Results
82Rb clearance correlated positively with [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 clearance in both treatment periods. The [99mTc]Tc-MAG3-to-82Rb clearance ratio was 0.83 and 0.86 in the placebo and spironolactone treatment periods, respectively.
Conclusion
The correlation between 82Rb clearance and [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 clearance may indicate that PET/CT determined 82Rb clearance can act as an estimator of renal perfusion. The [99mTc]Tc-MAG3-to-82Rb clearance ratios suggest that the extraction fraction of 82Rb is higher than that of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3, further suggesting 82Rb clearance as an estimator of flow. However, further studies are warranted to validate use of 82Rb PET/CT for flow estimation.
{"title":"Renal clearance estimated by rubidium-82 positron emission tomography/computed tomography and technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine clearance infusion technique","authors":"Stine Sundgaard Langaa, Camilla Lundgreen Duus, Marie Houmaa Vrist, Frank Holden Mose, Claire Anne Fynbo, Jørn Theil, June Anita Ejlersen, Jesper Nørgaard Bech","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although numerous techniques exist for renal blood flow (RBF) estimation, none of the methods have been implemented in routine clinical practice due to their inadequacies and burdensomeness. Previously, we evaluated rubidium-82 (<sup>82</sup>Rb) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for renal perfusion determination and found strong indications of method precision and reliability. The aim of this study was to compare renal <sup>82</sup>Rb clearance with renal technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3) clearance as a first attempt to validate <sup>82</sup>Rb PET/CT for renal perfusion estimation using a reference method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten subjects with essential hypertension underwent two treatment periods, receiving spironolactone and placebo in random order. At the end of each period, each subject completed a <sup>82</sup>Rb PET/CT scan and a [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3 clearance study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><sup>82</sup>Rb clearance correlated positively with [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3 clearance in both treatment periods. The [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3-to-<sup>82</sup>Rb clearance ratio was 0.83 and 0.86 in the placebo and spironolactone treatment periods, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The correlation between <sup>82</sup>Rb clearance and [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3 clearance may indicate that PET/CT determined <sup>82</sup>Rb clearance can act as an estimator of renal perfusion. The [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3-to-<sup>82</sup>Rb clearance ratios suggest that the extraction fraction of <sup>82</sup>Rb is higher than that of [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]Tc-MAG3, further suggesting <sup>82</sup>Rb clearance as an estimator of flow. However, further studies are warranted to validate use of <sup>82</sup>Rb PET/CT for flow estimation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milan Mohammad, Rie S. Thomsen, Iben E. Rasmussen, Amalie B. Andersen, Jacob P. Hartmann, Ronan M. G. Berg
Background
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually considered the gold standard for assessing maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), a health and performance marker in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the widespread application of CPET, the absolute and relative test-retest reliability of CPET-derived metrics remains unexamined.
Objective
To examine and compare test-retest reliability of CPET derived metrics in individuals with COPD and healthy matched controls.
Methods
12 individuals with COPD and 12 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in this case-control study. Each participant completed two CPET on a bicycle ergometer on two different days. Absolute reliability was reported as smallest real difference (SRD) and relative reliability as coefficient of variance (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
Main Results
SRD for peak oxygen uptake was 451.6 (267.4;1006.4) mL/min and CV was 7.8 (4.7;11.0)% in patients with COPD, whereas SRD was 244.2 (151.4;491.5) mL/min and CV was 3.0 (1.8;4.2)% in healthy controls but with no significant between group difference for SRD. CV values for all CPET derived metrics were found to be below 10%. Apart from peak workload achieved and peak minute ventilation, SRD and CV were significantly higher in COPD than in controls for all other CPET-derived metrics.
Conclusion
This study provides test-retest reliability estimates of the most widely used CPET derived metrics in individuals with COPD and healthy matched controls. Test-retest reliability for most metrics derived from CPET were found to be lower in individuals with COPD when compared to healthy controls.
{"title":"Test-retest reliability of cardiopulmonary exercise test-derived metrics in individuals with COPD versus healthy controls","authors":"Milan Mohammad, Rie S. Thomsen, Iben E. Rasmussen, Amalie B. Andersen, Jacob P. Hartmann, Ronan M. G. Berg","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually considered the gold standard for assessing maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O<sub>2max</sub>), a health and performance marker in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the widespread application of CPET, the absolute and relative test-retest reliability of CPET-derived metrics remains unexamined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine and compare test-retest reliability of CPET derived metrics in individuals with COPD and healthy matched controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>12 individuals with COPD and 12 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in this case-control study. Each participant completed two CPET on a bicycle ergometer on two different days. Absolute reliability was reported as smallest real difference (SRD) and relative reliability as coefficient of variance (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SRD for peak oxygen uptake was 451.6 (267.4;1006.4) mL/min and CV was 7.8 (4.7;11.0)% in patients with COPD, whereas SRD was 244.2 (151.4;491.5) mL/min and CV was 3.0 (1.8;4.2)% in healthy controls but with no significant between group difference for SRD. CV values for all CPET derived metrics were found to be below 10%. Apart from peak workload achieved and peak minute ventilation, SRD and CV were significantly higher in COPD than in controls for all other CPET-derived metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides test-retest reliability estimates of the most widely used CPET derived metrics in individuals with COPD and healthy matched controls. Test-retest reliability for most metrics derived from CPET were found to be lower in individuals with COPD when compared to healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuat Yuksel, Nevin Guzel, Ömer Burak Tor, Koray Akkan
Background
Optimizing hamstring exercises is crucial for injury prevention and performance. This study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE) on hamstring muscle activation and vascular function.
Methods
A randomized, single-blind study included 14 healthy, physically active males (mean age: 27.5 years). Each participant's lower extremities were randomly assigned to BFR or control groups. In the BFR group, blood flow was restricted to 60% of arterial occlusion pressure. Participants performed three sets of five NHE repetitions. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) via Doppler ultrasound before and after exercise. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded neuromuscular activation of the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles during exercises.
Results
FMD values showed no significant differences between BFR and control groups (F(1,13) = 0.156, p = 0.7, partial η² = 0.012). Neuromuscular activations of ST and BF muscles decreased across sets in both groups but did not differ significantly between groups (ST: F(2,26) = 1.172, p = 0.448, partial η² = 0.09; BF: F(2,26) = 1.442, p = 0.527, partial η² = 0.1).
Conclusions
BFR did not produce acute additional effects on muscle activation or endothelial function compared to standard NHE. This suggests that incorporating BFR in NHE may not enhance immediate neuromuscular or vascular responses. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term benefits.
{"title":"Blood flow restriction combined with nordic hamstring exercise does not impair endothelial function but does not increase neuromuscular activation","authors":"Fuat Yuksel, Nevin Guzel, Ömer Burak Tor, Koray Akkan","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimizing hamstring exercises is crucial for injury prevention and performance. This study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE) on hamstring muscle activation and vascular function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized, single-blind study included 14 healthy, physically active males (mean age: 27.5 years). Each participant's lower extremities were randomly assigned to BFR or control groups. In the BFR group, blood flow was restricted to 60% of arterial occlusion pressure. Participants performed three sets of five NHE repetitions. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) via Doppler ultrasound before and after exercise. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded neuromuscular activation of the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles during exercises.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FMD values showed no significant differences between BFR and control groups (F(1,13) = 0.156, <i>p</i> = 0.7, partial η² = 0.012). Neuromuscular activations of ST and BF muscles decreased across sets in both groups but did not differ significantly between groups (ST: F(2,26) = 1.172, <i>p</i> = 0.448, partial η² = 0.09; BF: F(2,26) = 1.442, <i>p</i> = 0.527, partial η² = 0.1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BFR did not produce acute additional effects on muscle activation or endothelial function compared to standard NHE. This suggests that incorporating BFR in NHE may not enhance immediate neuromuscular or vascular responses. Further research is needed to evaluate its long-term benefits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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