Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献_第6页

Predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic healthy non-diabetic postmenopausal women 无症状健康非糖尿病绝经后妇女亚临床动脉粥样硬化的预测因素。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12920

Jehona Ismaili, Pranvera Ibrahimi, Venera Berisha-Muharremi, Rona Karahoda, Mimoza Berbatovci-Ukimeraj, Nora Istrefi, Bujar Gjikolli, Arlind Batalli, Afrim Poniku, Shpend Elezi, Michael Y. Henein, Gani Bajraktari

Background and Aim

Cardiovascular disease progresses after menopause. Conventional risk factors, particularly diabetes, for atherosclerosis are well-established predictors of phenotypic arterial disease. The aim of this study is to assess the predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic non-diabetic postmenopausal women.

Methods

This prospective study included 117 consecutive postmenopausal women (mean age 59 ± 7 years) referred from the outpatient Rheumatology Clinic of the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, recruited between September 2021 and December 2022. Clinical, biochemical, carotid ultrasound and coronary CT angiography data were analysed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was diagnosed when plaque and/or carotid intima-media thickness >1.00 mm were present.

Results

Women who had subclinical atherosclerosis had higher erythrocyte sedimentation (p = 0.022), higher total cholesterol (p = 0.013), higher CAC score (p = 0.017), and higher prevalence of CAC > 100 HU and CAC > 400 HU (p = 0.017 and p = 0.034, respectively) compared to those without subclinical atherosclerosis. Women who had mild coronary calcification (CAC score ≥10 HU) were older (p = 0.005), in longer menopause (p = 0.005), had thicker CIMT (p = 0.008) with higher prevalence (p = 0.03) compared to those with CAC score <10 HU. Women with moderate coronary calcification (CAC score ≥100 HU) had higher triglycerides, worse CIMT (p = 0.005) with higher prevalence (p = 0.039) compared to those with CAC score <100 HU. In multivariate analysis [odds ratio 95% confidence interval], age [1.101 (1.032–1.174), p = 0.037] and cholesterol [2.020 (1.225–3.331), p = 0.006] independently predicted the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

In addition to the impact of age, hypercholesterolaemia is an important predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic postmenopausal women.

背景与目的：绝经后心血管疾病的发展。动脉粥样硬化的传统危险因素，特别是糖尿病，是公认的动脉疾病表型的预测因子。本研究的目的是评估无症状非糖尿病绝经后妇女亚临床动脉粥样硬化的预测因素。方法：这项前瞻性研究纳入了117名连续绝经后妇女（平均年龄59±7岁），她们来自科索沃大学临床中心门诊风湿病诊所，招募时间为2021年9月至2022年12月。分析临床、生化、颈动脉超声及冠状动脉CT血管造影资料。当斑块和/或颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度为bbb1.00 mm时，诊断为亚临床动脉粥样硬化。结果：与没有亚临床动脉粥样硬化的女性相比，亚临床动脉粥样硬化的女性有更高的红细胞沉降（p = 0.022）、更高的总胆固醇（p = 0.013）、更高的CAC评分（p = 0.017）、更高的CAC >00 HU和CAC bbb400 HU患病率（p = 0.017和p = 0.034）。轻度冠状动脉钙化（CAC评分≥10 HU）的妇女年龄较大（p = 0.005），绝经时间较长（p = 0.005）， CIMT较厚（p = 0.008），患病率较高（p = 0.03）。结论：除了年龄的影响外，高胆固醇血症是绝经后非糖尿病妇女亚临床动脉粥样硬化的重要预测因素。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of experience on visual and Simpson's biplane echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction 经验对视觉和辛普森双翼超声心动图评估左心室射血分数的影响。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12918

S. Akil, J. Castaings, P. Thind, T. Åhlfeldt, M. Akhtar, A. T. Gonon, M. Quintana, K. Bouma

Background

In clinical routine, health care professionals with various levels of experience assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography. The aim was to investigate to what extent visual and Simpson's biplane assessment of LVEF, using two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), is affected by the evaluator's experience.

Methods

Ultrasound images of 140 patients were assessed, visually and with Simpson's biplane method, by six evaluators divided into three groups based on echocardiographic experience level (beginner, intermediate and expert). The evaluators were blinded to each other's LVEF assessments. Bland-Altman analyses (bias±SD) were performed to assess agreement. P-values < 0.05 with the performed paired t-test were considered statistically significant.

Results

Level of agreement in LVEF was good between evaluators within the expert group: visual = LVEF_{expert 1} vs LVEF_{expert 2}: −0.4 ± 6.4 (p = 0.46); Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{expert 1} vs LVEF_{expert 2}: 0.96 ± 7.0 (p = 0.11), somewhat lower within the intermediate group: visual = LVEF_{intermediate 1} vs LVEF_{intermediate 2}: −1.2 ± 4.4 (p = 0.004); Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{intermediate 1} vs LVEF _{intermediate 2}: −3.3 ± 5.0 (p < 0.001) and lowest for beginners: visual = LVEF_{beginner 1} vs LVEF_{beginner 2}: 2.3 ± 9.8 (p = 0.007), Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{beginner 1} vs LVEF beginner 2: −1.8 ± 8.7 (p = 0.02). The agreement between LVEF_expert and LVEFs by the two other groups was: visual = LVEF_expert vs LVEF_beginner: 1.5 ± 6.0 (p = 0.005); LVEF_intermediate: −3.0 ± 4.4 (p < 0.001) and Simpson's biplane = LVEF_expert vs LVEF_beginner: 3.2 ± 6.3 (p < 0.001); LVEF_intermediate: −2.2 ± 4.7 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The evaluator's level of experience affects visual and Simpson's biplane assessment of LVEF by 2D-TTE, with highest variability being among beginners. Furthermore, a second opinion is recommended when assessing reduced LVEF even for evaluators with intermediate and expert experience.

背景：在临床常规中，不同经验水平的医护人员通过超声心动图评估左室射血分数（LVEF）。目的是研究使用二维（2D）经胸超声心动图（TTE）对LVEF的视觉和辛普森双翼评估在多大程度上受到评估者经验的影响。方法：对140例患者的超声图像进行评估，采用辛普森双翼法，由6名评估者根据超声心动图经验水平分为3组（初级、中级和专家级）。评估者对彼此的LVEF评估是不知情的。采用Bland-Altman分析（偏倚±标准差）评估一致性。p值结果：专家组内评估者对LVEF的一致程度良好：视觉= LVEFexpert 1 vs LVEFexpert 2: -0.4±6.4 (p = 0.46)；辛普森氏双翼= LVEFexpert 1 vs LVEFexpert 2: 0.96±7.0 (p = 0.11)，中间组略低：目视= LVEFintermediate 1 vs LVEFintermediate 2: -1.2±4.4 (p = 0.004)；Simpson’s双翼= LVEF中级1 vs LVEF中级2:-3.3±5.0 (p = 0.007), Simpson’s双翼= LVEF初级1 vs LVEF初级2:-1.8±8.7 （p = 0.02）。LVEFexpert与其他两组LVEFs的一致性为：visual = LVEFexpert vs lvefbeginners: 1.5±6.0 (p = 0.005)；结论：评估者的经验水平影响2D-TTE对LVEF的视觉和Simpson双翼评估，在初学者中差异最大。此外，在评估降低的LVEF时，即使对于具有中级和专家经验的评估人员，也建议采用第二种意见。

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引用次数: 0

Within-session repeatability of Doppler ultrasound leg blood flow assessments during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动期间多普勒超声腿部血流评估的可重复性

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12919

Milan Mohammad, Jacob P. Hartmann

Doppler ultrasound can be used to evaluate leg blood flow (Q̇_leg), especially of interest when investigating peripheral vascular limitations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the within-session repeatability, a subdomain of test-retest reliability, of this method remains unknown. This study aimed to provide within-session repeatability estimates of Doppler ultrasound-based Q̇_leg at rest and during single-leg knee-extensor exercise (KEE) in patients with COPD, and to compare these estimates to matched healthy controls. In this case-controlled study, 16 participants with COPD were matched based on sex and age with 16 healthy controls. All participants underwent measurement of Q̇_leg using Doppler ultrasound in a KEE setup at various intensities with the same measurement being performed again separated by 10 s. Smallest real difference (SRD) was lowest at rest in both groups and increased during exercise, reaching values ranging from 164 to 231 mL in COPD and 122–180 mL in the control group. The coefficient of variance (CV) was highest at rest and decreased during exercise to values ranging from 4.0% to 5.0% in COPD and 2.6%–3.2% in the control group. The CV was significantly lower in the control group during 0 watt and exercise at 20% of max watt, but apart from that, no reliability estimates were different between groups. To conclude, Doppler ultrasound showed nearly equal within-session repeatability when evaluating Q̇_leg in COPD patients and healthy individuals with a CV not exceeding 5% during exercise for both groups.

多普勒超声可用于评估腿部血流量（Q / leg），特别是在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者外周血管受限时。然而，该方法的会话内可重复性（测试-重测可靠性的子域）仍然未知。本研究旨在提供COPD患者静息和单腿膝关节伸肌运动（KEE）期间基于多普勒超声的腿部Q值的可重复性估计，并将这些估计与匹配的健康对照进行比较。在这项病例对照研究中，16名COPD患者根据性别和年龄与16名健康对照者进行匹配。所有参与者在KEE设置中使用多普勒超声在不同强度下测量腿部Q值，并再次进行相同的测量，间隔10 s。最小真实差异（SRD）在两组休息时最低，在运动时增加，COPD组达到164 - 231 mL，对照组达到122-180 mL。方差系数（CV）在休息时最高，在运动时降低，COPD组为4.0% - 5.0%，对照组为2.6%-3.2%。在0瓦特和20%最大瓦特时，对照组的CV显著低于对照组，但除此之外，两组之间的可靠性估计没有差异。综上所述，多普勒超声在评估COPD患者和CV不超过5%的健康人运动期间的Q值时，显示出几乎相同的可重复性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of structural factors around the accessory nerve on the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper-back stiffness: a sonographic investigation 附属神经周围的结构性因素对颈部和上背部僵硬症发病机制的影响：超声波研究。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12917

Shohei Shibasaki, Tomonori Kishino, Yoriko Sei, Keiichiro Harashima, Konomi Sakata, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Takashi Watanabe

Introduction

Neck and upper-back stiffness involves discomfort/ache in the trapezius muscle (TM). The pathogenesis of ‘essential neck and upper-back stiffness’ without obvious causes remains uncertain. In symptomatic subjects, TM hardness correlates with decreased transverse cervical artery (TCA) blood flow to the TM. Neck and upper-back stiffness could be associated with both hemodynamic and neurological factors affecting the TM. We therefore sonographically evaluated structural factors around the accessory nerve innervating the TM impacting neck and upper-back stiffness.

Methods

Participants comprised 69 healthy young adults (33 men, 36 women; 21 ± 1 y) who completed questionnaires and underwent elastography to determine TM hardness as a strain ratio and pulsed Doppler sonography to determine TCA hemodynamics. Intermuscular length was measured as the distance between sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae muscles around the accessory nerve. Relationships of intermuscular length with symptoms, TM hardness, and TCA hemodynamics were analyzed.

Results

Intermuscular length was greater in symptomatic subjects (median 2.3 mm, interquartile range 1.5–3.1 mm) than in asymptomatic subjects (median 1.8 mm, interquartile range 1.5–2.3 mm; p = 0.032). Intermuscular length correlated positively with symptom severity (r = 0.43, p = 0.014) and negatively with strain ratio for the TM (r = −0.39, p = 0.025) and peak systolic velocity in the TCA (r = −0.40, p = 0.022). Intermuscular length contributed independently to the presence of symptoms (p = 0.025, odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.11–4.62).

Conclusion

In symptomatic subjects, symptom severity, TM hardness and TCA hemodynamics all correlated with greater intermuscular length. Structures around the accessory nerve could be associated with the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper-back stiffness.

简介颈部和上背部僵硬包括斜方肌（TM）不适/疼痛。无明显诱因的 "本质颈部和上背部僵硬 "的发病机制仍不明确。在有症状的受试者中，斜方肌的硬度与流向斜方肌的颈横动脉（TCA）血流量减少有关。颈部和上背部僵硬可能与影响 TM 的血液动力学和神经学因素有关。因此，我们对支配颞下颌关节的附属神经周围影响颈部和上背部僵硬的结构因素进行了声学评估：受试者包括 69 名健康的年轻人（33 名男性，36 名女性；21 ± 1 岁），他们填写了调查问卷，并接受了弹性成像检查以确定 TM 硬度（应变比）和脉冲多普勒超声检查以确定 TCA 血流动力学。肌间长度根据胸锁乳突肌和肩胛提肌在附属神经周围的距离进行测量。分析了肌间长度与症状、TM硬度和TCA血液动力学的关系：有症状受试者的肌间长度（中位数为 2.3 毫米，四分位数间距为 1.5-3.1 毫米）大于无症状受试者（中位数为 1.8 毫米，四分位数间距为 1.5-2.3 毫米；P = 0.032）。肌间长度与症状严重程度呈正相关（r = 0.43，p = 0.014），与 TM 应变比（r = -0.39，p = 0.025）和 TCA 收缩峰值速度（r = -0.40，p = 0.022）呈负相关。肌间长度对出现症状有独立影响（p = 0.025，几率比 2.26，95% 置信区间 1.11-4.62）：结论：在有症状的受试者中，症状严重程度、TM硬度和TCA血流动力学均与肌间长度相关。附属神经周围的结构可能与本质性颈部和上背部僵硬的发病机制有关。

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引用次数: 0

Skin tissue dielectric constant: Time of day and skin depth dependence 皮肤组织介电常数：与时间和皮肤深度有关。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12916

Harvey N. Mayrovitz

Background

Skin water measurements are used to investigate skin physiology, clinically study dermatological issues, and for conditions like diabetes, oedema, and lymphedema with measurements done at various times of day (TOD). One method used is skin's tissue dielectric constant (TDC), often clinically measured to a single depth of 2.5 mm. This report characterizes intraday variations measured to multiple depths to guide expected TOD and depth dependence.

Materials and Methods

Twelve medical students self-measured TDC on their forearm to depths of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mm every 2 h from 08:00 to 24:00 h on 2 consecutive days. All were trained in the procedure.

Results

TDC declined slightly from morning through evening, mostly at 0.5 mm for which TDC was reduced by 4%. TDC values were not related to participants' whole-body fat or water percentages. The TDC decrease was less at 1.5 mm where the reduction was 2.7%. At depths of 2.5 or 5.0 mm, there was no significant decrease in TOD.

Conclusion

Skin TDC shows a minor decreasing trend with an effect greater for shallower depths. In part, the clinical relevance of the findings relates to the confidence level associated with skin water estimates, based on TDC measurements, when measured at different TOD and depths during normal clinic hours. Based on the present data the TOD change is at most 4% and insignificant for measurement depths of 2.5 mm.

背景：皮肤水分测量用于研究皮肤生理学、皮肤病临床研究以及糖尿病、水肿和淋巴水肿等疾病，测量在一天的不同时间（TOD）进行。其中一种方法是皮肤组织介电常数 (TDC)，临床上通常测量的深度为 2.5 毫米。本报告描述了在多个深度测量的日内变化，以指导预期的 TOD 和深度依赖性：12 名医科学生在连续两天的 08:00 至 24:00 期间，每隔 2 小时在前臂上自行测量一次 TDC，深度分别为 0.5、1.5、2.5 和 5.0 毫米。所有人都接受了相关培训：从早到晚，TDC 都略有下降，主要是在 0.5 毫米处，TDC 下降了 4%。TDC 值与参与者的全身脂肪或水分百分比无关。1.5 毫米处的 TDC 下降幅度较小，仅为 2.7%。结论：结论：皮肤 TDC 呈轻微下降趋势，深度越浅影响越大。在一定程度上，研究结果的临床意义在于，当在正常门诊时间内测量不同的 TOD 和深度时，基于 TDC 测量的皮肤水分估计值的可信度。根据目前的数据，TOD 的变化最多为 4%，测量深度为 2.5 毫米时变化不大。

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引用次数: 0

Utility of fat-free adipose tissue correction formula for tracking body composition changes with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 用双能 X 射线吸收测量法追踪身体成分变化的无脂脂肪组织校正公式的实用性。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12915

Sam R. Moore, Paul A. Baker, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan

Introduction

Fat loss is often the target of weight loss interventions; however, preservation of lean soft tissue (LST) may be more important for health and weight maintenance. Though some LST loss may be inevitable when tracking body composition changes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), correcting for the fat-free component of adipose tissue (FFAT) in DXA-derived LST (DXALST) has been proposed. This analysis sought to evaluate differences between DXALST and FFAT-corrected LST (FFATLST) amongst varied populations and interventions to understand application of the correction formula on LST outcomes.

Methods

226 subjects were analyzed across five prior studies. Three studies evaluated combined nutrition and exercise (high-intensity interval training [HIIT] or high-intensity resistance training [HIRT]) interventions, including HIIT + HIRT with pre- and post-nutrient timing (HIITRT), HIIT + essential amino acids (HIITAA), and HIRT + protein (HIRTPRO). Remaining studies evaluated HIIT (HIITOW) and protein following bariatric surgery (BARPRO). Pre and post total body DXA scans were used to measure DXALST, body mass, and fat mass (FM). The correction formula was applied to calculate FFATLST. Paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate differences between DXALST and FFATLST change scores (Δ) across all subjects, within each study and intervention.

Results

Significant differences between ΔDXALST and ΔFFATLST were observed for BARPRO (mean difference [MD; ΔDXALST–ΔFFATLST] ± standard error [SE]: −3.5 ± 1.2 kg, p < 0.001), as well as HIRTPRO (−0.1 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.004).

Discussion

When evaluating LST, the FFAT correction may be specifically applicable to cases of significant weight loss (>10% of original weight) or body recomposition (≥2% FM loss and ≥2% LST gain).

导言：减脂通常是减肥干预措施的目标；然而，保持瘦软组织（LST）可能对健康和体重维持更为重要。虽然在使用双能 X 射线吸收测量法（DXA）跟踪身体成分变化时，可能不可避免地会损失一些 LST，但有人提出在 DXA 导出的 LST（DXALST）中对脂肪组织的无脂成分（FFAT）进行校正。本分析旨在评估不同人群和干预措施中 DXALST 和经脂肪组织校正的 LST（FFATLST）之间的差异，以了解校正公式在 LST 结果中的应用。三项研究评估了营养与运动（高强度间歇训练[HIIT]或高强度阻力训练[HIRT]）相结合的干预措施，包括HIIT + HIRT与前后营养素定时（HIITRT）、HIIT + 必需氨基酸（HIITAA）和HIRT + 蛋白质（HIRTPRO）。其余研究评估了减肥手术后的 HIIT（HIITOW）和蛋白质（BARPRO）。使用全身 DXA 前后扫描来测量 DXALST、体重和脂肪量（FM）。应用校正公式计算 FFATLST。采用配对样本 t 检验来评估所有受试者、每项研究和干预措施中 DXALST 和 FFATLST 变化分数 (Δ) 之间的差异：BARPRO 的 ΔDXALST 和 ΔFFATLST 之间存在显著差异（平均差[MD；ΔDXALST-ΔFFATLST] ± 标准误差[SE]：-3.5 ± 1.2 千克，P 讨论）：在评估 LST 时，FFAT 校正可能特别适用于体重显著下降（>原体重的 10%）或身体重组（FM 下降≥2% 和 LST 增加≥2%）的病例。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation between antihypertensive drugs and cerebral hemodynamic parameters: insights from observational findings using transcranial Doppler 降压药物与脑血流动力学参数之间的相关性：经颅多普勒观察结果的启示。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12913

Michel Ferreira Machado, Henrique Cotchi Simbo Muela, Valeria Aparecida Costa-Hong, Natalia Cristina Moraes, Claudia Maia Memória, Edson Bor-Seng-Shu, Ricardo Nitrini, Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto, Ricardo de Carvalho Nogueira

Background

Antihypertensives (AHD) can influence cerebral autoregulation (CA) and attenuate hypertrophic concentric remodelling of arterioles. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between AHD, CA and structural and functional properties of cerebral arteries.

Methods

In this observational, cross-sectional study 115 volunteers were divided in group 1 (non-hypertensive) [n = 30]; group 2 (hypertensive with systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 140 and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] < 90 mmHg) [n = 54]; group 3 (hypertensive with SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) [n = 31] and simultaneous measurements of systemic blood pressure (BP) and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) were obtained from digital plethysmography and transcranial Doppler. Beat-to-beat, critical closing pressure (CrCP), resistance-area product (RAP) and autoregulation index (ARI) values were extracted by linear regression analysis of instantaneous BP and CBFV waveforms using computerised analysis. Pulsatility index (PI) was calculated and CO₂ reactivity was assessed by the breath-holding test.

Results

Despite their higher RAP (1.7 [±0.7], p < 0.001) compared to groups 1 and 2, uncontrolled hypertensive using diuretics (p = 0.047) and α2-agonists (p = 0.009) had significantly lower PI. Impaired CO₂ reactivity was common between the two hypertensive groups (p = 0.008), however ARI, CrCP and CBFV did not differ between them and non-hypertensive individuals and also did not correlate with any AHD used.

Conclusions

Unlike the RAP, PI does not seem to reflect the real cerebrovascular resistence resulting from chronic arterial remodelling. Despite impaired CO₂ reactivity, hypertensive have arterial tonus and CA comparable to non-hypertensive. Experimental studies involving an untreated hypertensive control group are required to robustly make definitive conclusions about these questions.

背景：抗高血压药（AHD）可影响脑的自动调节（CA）并减轻动脉血管的肥大性同心重塑。本研究的目的是探讨 AHD、CA 与脑动脉结构和功能特性之间的关联：在这项观察性横断面研究中，115 名志愿者被分为第 1 组（非高血压）[n = 30]；第 2 组（收缩压[SBP]为 2 的高血压），通过屏气试验评估其反应性：尽管两组高血压患者的 RAP（1.7 [±0.7]，p 2 反应性）较高（p = 0.008），但他们与非高血压患者的 ARI、CrCP 和 CBFV 并无差异，也与使用的任何 AHD 无关：结论：与 RAP 不同，PI 似乎不能反映慢性动脉重塑导致的真正脑血管阻力。尽管二氧化碳反应性受损，但高血压患者的动脉张力和CA与非高血压患者相当。要对这些问题做出明确的结论，需要对未经治疗的高血压对照组进行实验研究。

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引用次数: 0

Total and appendicular body composition comparisons between near-infrared reactance spectroscopy and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry 近红外反应光谱仪与双能 X 射线吸收测量法之间的身体总成分和附属成分比较。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12914

Caleb F. Brandner, Abby T. Compton, Sydney H. Swafford, Ryan S. Aultman, Anabelle Vallecillo-Bustos, Ta'Quoris A. Newsome, Megan E. Renna, Tanner Thorsen, Jon Stavres, Austin J. Graybeal

Background

Near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly popular in personal and professional settings now that it has been adapted to provide comprehensive body composition assessments. However, whether NIRS agrees with criterion methods remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the agreement between NIRS and DXA-derived body composition estimates.

Methods

Ninety-seven participants completed body composition assessments using DXA, and first-generation (NIRS_G1), second-generation (NIRS_G2), and muscle-specific NIRS (NIRS_FIT) devices. On a separate day, a subset of participants (n = 63) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on a handgrip dynamometer, which were used in conjunction with total appendicular lean mass (ALM) estimates to provide ratios (MVC/total ALM or MVC/ALM of the arms only) depicting muscle quality index (MQI).

Results

Fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat %, and ALM, from NIRS_G2, but not bone mineral content (BMC), and NIRS_FIT demonstrated equivalence (using equivalence tests) with DXA with R² from 0.83 to 0.97; though BMC revealed concordance coefficients of 0.83 and an R² of 0.88. MQI using total ALM from NIRS was not equivalent to DXA, but demonstrated low root mean squared error (0.08 kg/kg) and 95% limits of agreement (±0.21 kg/kg). Indices of visceral adipose tissue (iVAT) from NIRS_G1 and NIRS_G2 were significantly different (p < 0.001), but were both significantly associated with DXA VAT (NIRS_G1 R²: 0.53; NIRS_G2 R²: 0.62; both p < 0.001).

Conclusion

NIRS appears to demonstrate acceptable agreement with DXA and continual improvements could make NIRS a viable alternative for comprehensive body composition assessments.

背景：近红外反应光谱法（NIRS）可提供全面的身体成分评估，因此在个人和专业领域越来越受欢迎。然而，近红外反应光谱是否与标准方法一致仍是未知数。因此，本研究旨在确定近红外光谱与 DXA 得出的身体成分估计值之间的一致性：方法：97 名参与者使用 DXA 和第一代 (NIRSG1)、第二代 (NIRSG2) 以及肌肉专用 NIRS (NIRSFIT) 设备完成了身体成分评估。在另外一天，一部分参与者（n = 63）在手握式测力计上进行了最大自主收缩（MVC），结合附肢总瘦体重（ALM）估算值，得出了描述肌肉质量指数（MQI）的比率（MVC/总ALM或仅MVC/手臂ALM）：结果：NIRSG2 的脂肪量、无脂肪量、体脂率和 ALM，而非骨矿物质含量 (BMC)，以及 NIRSFIT 与 DXA 的等效性（使用等效性测试），R2 为 0.83 至 0.97；但 BMC 的一致性系数为 0.83，R2 为 0.88。使用近红外成像技术得出的总 ALM 的 MQI 值与 DXA 值不相当，但显示出较低的均方根误差（0.08 千克/千克）和 95% 的一致性（±0.21 千克/千克）。NIRSG1 和 NIRSG2 的内脏脂肪组织（iVAT）指数有显著差异（p G1 R2：0.53；NIRSG2 R2：0.62；均为 p 结论：NIRS 与 DXA 的一致性似乎可以接受，不断改进可使 NIRS 成为全面身体成分评估的可行替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between heart rate variability and echocardiography indices of cardiac function in healthy individuals 健康人的心率变异性与心脏功能超声心动图指数之间的关系。

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12910

Mushidur Rahman, Sophie L. Russell, Nduka C. Okwose, Charles J. Steward, Helen Maddock, Prithwish Banerjee, Djordje G. Jakovljevic

Purpose

This study evaluated the relationship between HRV and echocardiography indices of cardiac function.

Methods

Healthy individuals (N = 30) aged 33 ± 10 years old, underwent short-term resting HRV assessment and transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis. Time domain - (i.e. R-R interval, root mean square of successive RR interval difference (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain-measures of HRV (i.e. high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency normalised (HFnorm) and low-frequency normalised (LFnorm)). Echocardiography indices of cardiac function included; Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left- and right-ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS, and RV GLS), left atrial strain: left atrial reservoir (LA_res), left atrial conduit (LA_con) and left atrial contraction (LA_CT).

Results

The mean values for HRV time-domain measures were: R-R (991 ± 176 ms), SDNN (50.9 ± 21.5 ms), and RMSSD (46.8 ± 29.4 ms); and frequency-domain: LF (727 ± 606 ms²), HF (415 ± 35 ms²), LFnorm (56 ± 19.4) and HFnorm (36.5 ± 18.8). Mean values for indices of cardiac function were LVEF (59.9% ± 2.8%), LV-GLS (19.2% ± 1.4%), RV-GLS (21.7% ± 2.7%), LA_res (36.8% ± 6.99%), LA_con (26.2% ± 6.95%) and LA_CT (12.3% ± 3.56%). There was a significant negative relationship between HF and LV-GLS (r = −0.47, p = 0.01) and RMSSD and LVEF (r = −0.39, p = 0.03) respectively.

Conclusion

Heart rate variability measures such as high frequency power and RMSSD are associated with left ventricle systolic function in healthy individuals.

目的：本研究评估了心率变异与心脏功能超声心动图指标之间的关系。方法：年龄在 33 ± 10 岁之间的健康人（N = 30）接受了短期静息心率变异评估和带有斑点追踪分析的经胸超声心动图检查。心率变异的时域测量（即 R-R 间期、连续 RR 间期差的均方根（RMSSD）、正常 RR 间期的标准偏差（SDNN））和频域测量（即高频功率（HF）、低频功率（LF）、高频归一化（HFnorm）和低频归一化（LFnorm））。心脏功能的超声心动图指标包括：左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室和右室整体纵向应变（LV-GLS 和 RV GLS）、左房应变：左房蓄积（LAres）、左房导管（LAcon）和左房收缩（LACT）：心率变异时域测量的平均值为R-R (991 ± 176 ms)、SDNN (50.9 ± 21.5 ms) 和 RMSSD (46.8 ± 29.4 ms)；频域测量值为低频（727 ± 606 ms2）、高频（415 ± 35 ms2）、低频标准（56 ± 19.4）和高频标准（36.5 ± 18.8）。心功能指数的平均值为 LVEF（59.9% ± 2.8%）、LV-GLS（19.2% ± 1.4%）、RV-GLS（21.7% ± 2.7%）、LAres（36.8% ± 6.99%）、LAcon（26.2% ± 6.95%）和 LACT（12.3% ± 3.56%）。HF与LV-GLS（r = -0.47，p = 0.01）、RMSSD与LVEF（r = -0.39，p = 0.03）之间分别存在明显的负相关：结论：高频功率和 RMSSD 等心率变异性指标与健康人的左心室收缩功能有关。

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引用次数: 0

Plantar flexor strength and size decrease following single-leg disuse in uninjured adults: A meta-analysis 未受伤的成年人单腿废用后跖屈肌力量和大小下降：荟萃分析

IF 1.3 4区医学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12912

Nicholas Preobrazenski, Joel Seigel, Ian Janssen, Sandra Halliday, Chris McGlory

Introduction

Plantar flexors play a pivotal role in human locomotion and balance. Several original research studies and systematic reviews have characterised the impact of single-leg disuse on plantar flexor strength and size. However, no meta-analysis has quantified the effects of single-leg disuse on changes in plantar flexor strength and size in uninjured adults.

Aim

To quantify changes in plantar flexor strength and size in response to single-leg disuse.

Methods

Data were extracted from 19 studies captured in our previous systematic review on studies that employed a unilateral lower limb immobilisation model (cast or brace) and were published up to January 30, 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed on original research studies reporting measures of plantar flexor strength (isometric, isokinetic, or repetition maximum) and size (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) in uninjured adults.

Results

Single-leg disuse decreased plantar flexor strength (Hedges g_av = −0.71 [95% confidence interval: −0.93, −0.48], p < 0.001, 7−28 days, N = 16 studies, n = 121 participants including ≥13 females, ages 19−29) and plantar flexor size (−0.33 [−0.50, −0.15], p < 0.001, 14−35 days, N = 6, n = 49, 10 females, ages 22−27) across all durations of disuse.

Discussion

Single-leg disuse decreases plantar flexor strength and size in uninjured adults. This work adds to recent meta-analytic findings demonstrating the declines in knee extensors strength and size following single-leg disuse. The paucity of female and participants >30 years old in the single-leg disuse literature examining plantar flexors represents a priority of future work.

导言跖屈肌在人体运动和平衡中发挥着关键作用。一些原创性研究和系统性综述描述了单腿废用对跖屈肌力量和大小的影响。目的：量化单腿废用对跖屈肌力量和大小变化的影响：从我们之前的系统综述中捕获的 19 项研究中提取数据，这些研究采用了单侧下肢固定模式（石膏或支架），发表时间截至 2022 年 1 月 30 日。随机效应荟萃分析对报告未受伤成年人跖屈肌力量（等长、等动或重复最大值）和大小（磁共振成像或计算机断层扫描）测量结果的原始研究进行了分析：结果：单腿废用会降低跖屈肌的力量（海德斯伽夫=-0.71 [95%置信区间：-0.93，-0.48]，P单腿废用会降低未受伤成年人的跖屈肌力量和大小。最近的荟萃分析结果表明，单腿废用后，膝关节伸肌的力量和大小都会下降。在单腿废用的文献中，很少有女性和年龄大于 30 岁的参与者对跖屈肌进行研究，这也是未来工作的重点。

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引用次数: 0