Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.3390/coatings15070786
Dan Li, Mei Wu, Ru Xia, Jiwen Hu, Fangzhi Huang
To address the challenges of cotton cellulose materials being susceptible to environmental humidity and pollutant erosion, a strategy for constructing superhydrophobic functional coatings with biomimetic micro–nano composite structures was proposed. Through surface silanization modification, diatomite (DEM) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with octyltriethoxysilane (OTS) to prepare superhydrophobic diatomite flakes (ODEM) and OFe3O4 nanoparticles. Following the multi-scale composite principle, ODEM and OFe3O4 nanoparticles were blended and crosslinked via the hydroxyl-initiated ring-opening polymerization of epoxy resin (EP), resulting in an EP/ODEM@OFe3O4 composite coating with hierarchical roughness. Microstructural characterization revealed that the micrometer-scale porous structure of ODEM and the nanoscale protrusions of OFe3O4 form a hierarchical micro–nano topography. The special topography combined with the low surface energy property leads to a contact angle of 158°. Additionally, the narrow bandgap semiconductor characteristic of OFe3O4 induces the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. This enables the coating to attain 80% light absorption across the 350–2500 nm spectrum, and rapidly heat to 45.8 °C within 60 s under 0.5 sun, thereby demonstrating excellent deicing performance. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally tolerant superhydrophobic photothermal coatings, which exhibit significant application potential in the field of anti-icing and anti-fouling.
{"title":"Construction of Silane-Modified Diatomite-Magnetic Nanocomposite Superhydrophobic Coatings Using Multi-Scale Composite Principle","authors":"Dan Li, Mei Wu, Ru Xia, Jiwen Hu, Fangzhi Huang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070786","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenges of cotton cellulose materials being susceptible to environmental humidity and pollutant erosion, a strategy for constructing superhydrophobic functional coatings with biomimetic micro–nano composite structures was proposed. Through surface silanization modification, diatomite (DEM) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with octyltriethoxysilane (OTS) to prepare superhydrophobic diatomite flakes (ODEM) and OFe3O4 nanoparticles. Following the multi-scale composite principle, ODEM and OFe3O4 nanoparticles were blended and crosslinked via the hydroxyl-initiated ring-opening polymerization of epoxy resin (EP), resulting in an EP/ODEM@OFe3O4 composite coating with hierarchical roughness. Microstructural characterization revealed that the micrometer-scale porous structure of ODEM and the nanoscale protrusions of OFe3O4 form a hierarchical micro–nano topography. The special topography combined with the low surface energy property leads to a contact angle of 158°. Additionally, the narrow bandgap semiconductor characteristic of OFe3O4 induces the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. This enables the coating to attain 80% light absorption across the 350–2500 nm spectrum, and rapidly heat to 45.8 °C within 60 s under 0.5 sun, thereby demonstrating excellent deicing performance. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally tolerant superhydrophobic photothermal coatings, which exhibit significant application potential in the field of anti-icing and anti-fouling.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"786-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/786/pdf?version=1751607512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-29DOI: 10.3390/coatings15070769
Lu Cao, Zhijun Ding, Qi Chen, Yuefeng Ji, Ying Xiong, Yun Gao, Zhongyan Huo
With the rapid development of marine renewable energy, especially offshore photovoltaic systems, the problem of biofouling of photovoltaic equipment in the marine environment has become increasingly prominent. The attachment of marine organisms such as algae will significantly affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing the stability and economy of the system. In this study, a composite siloxane coating was designed and prepared. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was used as the organosilicon component. The negative potential of the coating was significantly enhanced by incorporating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS). This negative potential and the negative charge on the surface of marine organisms, especially algae, would produce electrostatic repulsion, which can effectively reduce the attachment of organisms. The results show that the prepared coating exhibits excellent performance in anti-biofouling, adhesion, chemical stability, transparency, and self-cleaning properties. The transparency of the coating reached 92.7%. After immersion with Chlorella for 28 days, the coverage percentage on the coating surface was only 0.98%, while the coverage percentage on the blank sample was 23.25%. The corrosion resistance and salt resistance of the coating also ensure its stability in complex marine environments, and it has broad application prospects.
{"title":"Preparation of Transparent MTMS/BNNS Composite Siloxane Coatings with Anti-Biofouling Properties","authors":"Lu Cao, Zhijun Ding, Qi Chen, Yuefeng Ji, Ying Xiong, Yun Gao, Zhongyan Huo","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070769","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of marine renewable energy, especially offshore photovoltaic systems, the problem of biofouling of photovoltaic equipment in the marine environment has become increasingly prominent. The attachment of marine organisms such as algae will significantly affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing the stability and economy of the system. In this study, a composite siloxane coating was designed and prepared. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was used as the organosilicon component. The negative potential of the coating was significantly enhanced by incorporating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS). This negative potential and the negative charge on the surface of marine organisms, especially algae, would produce electrostatic repulsion, which can effectively reduce the attachment of organisms. The results show that the prepared coating exhibits excellent performance in anti-biofouling, adhesion, chemical stability, transparency, and self-cleaning properties. The transparency of the coating reached 92.7%. After immersion with Chlorella for 28 days, the coverage percentage on the coating surface was only 0.98%, while the coverage percentage on the blank sample was 23.25%. The corrosion resistance and salt resistance of the coating also ensure its stability in complex marine environments, and it has broad application prospects.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"769-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/769/pdf?version=1751179097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnesium alloy stents exhibit significant potential in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to their remarkable mechanical support and biodegradability. However, bare magnesium alloy stents often degrade too quickly and exhibit inadequate biocompatibility, which severely restricts their clinical applicability. Herein, a composite coating consisting of an MgF2 conversion layer, a polydopamine (PDA) layer, fucoidan, and hyaluronic acid was prepared to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of ZE21B alloy for a vascular stent application. The modified ZE21B alloy exhibited relatively high surface roughness, moderate wettability, and better corrosion resistance. Moreover, the modified ZE21B alloy with a low hemolysis rate and fibrinogen adsorption level confirmed improved hemocompatibility for medical requirements. Furthermore, the ZE21B alloy modified with fucoidan and hyaluronic acid enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and NO release of endothelial cells (ECs). Simultaneously, it inhibits the adhesion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), promoting a competitive advantage for ECs over SMCs due to the synergistic effects of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid. The incorporation of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid markedly improved the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the ZE21B magnesium alloy. This development presents a straightforward and effective strategy for the advancement of biodegradable vascular stents.
{"title":"Fucoidan and Hyaluronic Acid Modified ZE21B Magnesium Alloy for Better Hemocompatibility and Vascular Cell Response","authors":"Haoran Wang, Yuefeng Gu, Qi Wang, Lingchuang Bai, Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060732","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium alloy stents exhibit significant potential in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to their remarkable mechanical support and biodegradability. However, bare magnesium alloy stents often degrade too quickly and exhibit inadequate biocompatibility, which severely restricts their clinical applicability. Herein, a composite coating consisting of an MgF2 conversion layer, a polydopamine (PDA) layer, fucoidan, and hyaluronic acid was prepared to enhance the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of ZE21B alloy for a vascular stent application. The modified ZE21B alloy exhibited relatively high surface roughness, moderate wettability, and better corrosion resistance. Moreover, the modified ZE21B alloy with a low hemolysis rate and fibrinogen adsorption level confirmed improved hemocompatibility for medical requirements. Furthermore, the ZE21B alloy modified with fucoidan and hyaluronic acid enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and NO release of endothelial cells (ECs). Simultaneously, it inhibits the adhesion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), promoting a competitive advantage for ECs over SMCs due to the synergistic effects of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid. The incorporation of fucoidan and hyaluronic acid markedly improved the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the ZE21B magnesium alloy. This development presents a straightforward and effective strategy for the advancement of biodegradable vascular stents.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"732-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/732/pdf?version=1750326265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.3390/coatings15060728
Xuesong Yin, Bo Zhao, Lu Chen, Xuan Di, Baoe Li, Hongshui Wang, Donghui Wang, Chunyong Liang
Dental implant papilla (DIP) is susceptible to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and oral pathogenic biofilms can cause persistent oral infections. Enrichment of bacterial biofilms on implants can lead to soft tissue irritation and adjacent bone resorption, severely compromising dental health and potentially leading to periodontitis, implant loss and costly follow-up care. Nanozymes (NZs) are recently used in biofilm removal as they can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill bacteria. However, the short lifespan of ROS limits their diffusion distance, and affects their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NZs) with different morphologies: flower-like (F-Fe3O4), hollow spherical (M-Fe3O4), octahedral (O-Fe3O4), and conventional nanoparticles (N-Fe3O4). The ferromagnetic properties of Fe3O4 NZs allow them to move and penetrate the biofilm under the action of a magnetic field. The saturation magnetic intensities of the four samples were as follows: F-Fe3O4 (23.1 emu g−1), M-Fe3O4 (73.34 emu g−1), O-Fe3O4 (96.06 emu g−1), and N-Fe3O4 (52.15 emu g−1). The synergistic combination of photothermal action and catalytic sterilization can effectively remove the biofilm. In addition, the prepared Fe3O4 nanozymes were able to maintain high biological activity on the implant surface with some osteogenic effect.
{"title":"Octahedral Fe3O4 Nanozymes Penetrate and Remove Biofilms on Implants via Photomagnetic Response","authors":"Xuesong Yin, Bo Zhao, Lu Chen, Xuan Di, Baoe Li, Hongshui Wang, Donghui Wang, Chunyong Liang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060728","url":null,"abstract":"Dental implant papilla (DIP) is susceptible to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and oral pathogenic biofilms can cause persistent oral infections. Enrichment of bacterial biofilms on implants can lead to soft tissue irritation and adjacent bone resorption, severely compromising dental health and potentially leading to periodontitis, implant loss and costly follow-up care. Nanozymes (NZs) are recently used in biofilm removal as they can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can kill bacteria. However, the short lifespan of ROS limits their diffusion distance, and affects their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NZs) with different morphologies: flower-like (F-Fe3O4), hollow spherical (M-Fe3O4), octahedral (O-Fe3O4), and conventional nanoparticles (N-Fe3O4). The ferromagnetic properties of Fe3O4 NZs allow them to move and penetrate the biofilm under the action of a magnetic field. The saturation magnetic intensities of the four samples were as follows: F-Fe3O4 (23.1 emu g−1), M-Fe3O4 (73.34 emu g−1), O-Fe3O4 (96.06 emu g−1), and N-Fe3O4 (52.15 emu g−1). The synergistic combination of photothermal action and catalytic sterilization can effectively remove the biofilm. In addition, the prepared Fe3O4 nanozymes were able to maintain high biological activity on the implant surface with some osteogenic effect.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"728-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/728/pdf?version=1750250701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanthanum strontium manganate (La1−xSrxMnO3) is considered a highly promising material for the development of intelligent thermal control coatings due to its exceptional properties. Recent studies on this material have primarily utilized solid-state synthesis as the main preparation method. Research efforts have predominantly focused on investigating the effects of material composition, heat treatment processes, and other factors on the properties of the synthesized material. There has been a limited amount of research investigating the influence of chemical precipitation process parameters on the properties of the synthesized La1−xSrxMnO3 material. In this study, the intelligent thermal control coating material La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 was synthesized using the chemical precipitation method. The effects of varying precipitant concentrations on the properties of the synthesized material were investigated. When the precipitant concentration is 12 wt.% or 15 wt.%, the synthesized powder agglomerates predominantly form three-dimensional blocky structures after sintering. At lower concentrations such as 6 wt.% and 9 wt.%, the powder agglomerates predominantly form two-dimensional sheet-like structures after sintering. At precipitant concentrations of 6 wt.% and 9 wt.%, the strontium content in the synthesized powder becomes significantly lower than the designed theoretical value. When the precipitant concentration is relatively high, localized manganese aggregation occurs in the synthesized lanthanum strontium manganate material. The temperature dependence of the emittance test result indicates that the emissivity variation of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 material synthesized using 12 wt.% ammonia solution as precipitant reaches 0.428 from 173 K to 373 K, demonstrating excellent emissivity modulation performance.
{"title":"Effects of Synthesis Process on the Properties of La1−xSrxMnO3 Materials for Thermal Control Coatings","authors":"Fang Jia, Xin Zhang, Xiaoliang Lü, Haoran Peng, Tianjie Shi, Yuan Kang, Xiaoxiao Pang, Rifei Han","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060724","url":null,"abstract":"Lanthanum strontium manganate (La1−xSrxMnO3) is considered a highly promising material for the development of intelligent thermal control coatings due to its exceptional properties. Recent studies on this material have primarily utilized solid-state synthesis as the main preparation method. Research efforts have predominantly focused on investigating the effects of material composition, heat treatment processes, and other factors on the properties of the synthesized material. There has been a limited amount of research investigating the influence of chemical precipitation process parameters on the properties of the synthesized La1−xSrxMnO3 material. In this study, the intelligent thermal control coating material La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 was synthesized using the chemical precipitation method. The effects of varying precipitant concentrations on the properties of the synthesized material were investigated. When the precipitant concentration is 12 wt.% or 15 wt.%, the synthesized powder agglomerates predominantly form three-dimensional blocky structures after sintering. At lower concentrations such as 6 wt.% and 9 wt.%, the powder agglomerates predominantly form two-dimensional sheet-like structures after sintering. At precipitant concentrations of 6 wt.% and 9 wt.%, the strontium content in the synthesized powder becomes significantly lower than the designed theoretical value. When the precipitant concentration is relatively high, localized manganese aggregation occurs in the synthesized lanthanum strontium manganate material. The temperature dependence of the emittance test result indicates that the emissivity variation of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 material synthesized using 12 wt.% ammonia solution as precipitant reaches 0.428 from 173 K to 373 K, demonstrating excellent emissivity modulation performance.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"724-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/724/pdf?version=1750165205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.3390/coatings15060718
Xingfa Ma, Xintao Zhang, Mingjun Gao, Ruifen Hu, You Wang, Guang Li
To extend the spectral utilisation of In2S3, an In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared. The effects of different sulphur sources, electrodes, and bias voltages on the optoelectronic performance were examined. Photoelectric properties in response to light sources with wavelengths of 405, 532, 650, 780, 808, 980, and 1064 nm were investigated using Au electrodes and the carbon electrodes with 5B pencil drawings. This study shows that the aggregation states of the In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite possess photocurrent switching responses in the broadband region of the light spectrum. Combining two types of partially visible light-absorbing material extends utilisation to the near-infrared region. Impurities or defects embody an electron-donating effect. Since the energy levels of defects or impurities with an electron-donating effect are close to the conduction band, low-energy lights (especially NIR) can be utilised. The non-equilibrium carrier concentration (photogenerated electrons) of the nanocomposites increases significantly under NIR photoexcitation conditions. Thus, photoconductive behaviour is manifested. A good photoelectric signal was still measured when zero bias was applied. This demonstrates self-powered photoelectric response characteristics. Different sulphur sources significantly affect the photoelectric performance, suggesting that they create different defects that affect charge transport and base current noise. It is believed that interfacial interactions in the In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite create a built-in electric field that enhances the separation and transfer of electrons and holes produced by light stimulation. The presence of the built-in electric field also leads to energy band bending, which facilitates the utilisation of the light with longer wavelengths. This study provides a reference for multidisciplinary applications.
{"title":"In2S3/C3N4 Nanocomposite and Its Photoelectric Properties in the Broadband Light Spectrum Range","authors":"Xingfa Ma, Xintao Zhang, Mingjun Gao, Ruifen Hu, You Wang, Guang Li","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060718","url":null,"abstract":"To extend the spectral utilisation of In2S3, an In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared. The effects of different sulphur sources, electrodes, and bias voltages on the optoelectronic performance were examined. Photoelectric properties in response to light sources with wavelengths of 405, 532, 650, 780, 808, 980, and 1064 nm were investigated using Au electrodes and the carbon electrodes with 5B pencil drawings. This study shows that the aggregation states of the In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite possess photocurrent switching responses in the broadband region of the light spectrum. Combining two types of partially visible light-absorbing material extends utilisation to the near-infrared region. Impurities or defects embody an electron-donating effect. Since the energy levels of defects or impurities with an electron-donating effect are close to the conduction band, low-energy lights (especially NIR) can be utilised. The non-equilibrium carrier concentration (photogenerated electrons) of the nanocomposites increases significantly under NIR photoexcitation conditions. Thus, photoconductive behaviour is manifested. A good photoelectric signal was still measured when zero bias was applied. This demonstrates self-powered photoelectric response characteristics. Different sulphur sources significantly affect the photoelectric performance, suggesting that they create different defects that affect charge transport and base current noise. It is believed that interfacial interactions in the In2S3/C3N4 nanocomposite create a built-in electric field that enhances the separation and transfer of electrons and holes produced by light stimulation. The presence of the built-in electric field also leads to energy band bending, which facilitates the utilisation of the light with longer wavelengths. This study provides a reference for multidisciplinary applications.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"718-718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/718/pdf?version=1750051140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.3390/coatings15060699
Liguo Shen, Haiyan Zheng, Jiqiang Cao, Xinyun Guo
The inherent flammability and hydrophilicity of nylon/cotton (NC) blend fabrics limit their practical applications. Traditional hydrophobic treatments often involve fluorinated compounds or nanomaterials, which raise environmental concerns and exhibit poor durability. To address these issues, this study developed a sustainable multifunctional finishing strategy. Initially, the nylon/cotton blended fabric was pretreated with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPTMS). An intumescent flame retardant coating based on bio-derived phytic acid (PA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was constructed on NC fabrics via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly process. Subsequently, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was grafted to reduce surface energy, imparting synergistic flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity. The treated fabric (C-3) showed excellent flame retardant and self-extinguishing behavior, with no afterflame or afterglow during vertical burning and a char length of only 35 mm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a residual char rate of 43.9%, far exceeding that of untreated fabric (8.6%). After PDMS modification, the fabric reached a water contact angle of 157.8°, indicating superior superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. Durability tests showed that the fabric maintained its flame retardancy (no afterflame or afterglow) and superhydrophobicity (WCA > 150°) after 360 cm of abrasion and five laundering cycles. This fluorine-free, nanoparticle-free, and environmentally friendly approach offers a promising route for developing multifunctional NC fabrics for applications in firefighting clothing and self-cleaning textiles.
{"title":"Bio-Based Flame Retardant Superhydrophobic Coatings by Phytic Acid/Polyethyleneimine Layer-by-Layer Assembly on Nylon/Cotton Blend Fabrics","authors":"Liguo Shen, Haiyan Zheng, Jiqiang Cao, Xinyun Guo","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060699","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent flammability and hydrophilicity of nylon/cotton (NC) blend fabrics limit their practical applications. Traditional hydrophobic treatments often involve fluorinated compounds or nanomaterials, which raise environmental concerns and exhibit poor durability. To address these issues, this study developed a sustainable multifunctional finishing strategy. Initially, the nylon/cotton blended fabric was pretreated with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GPTMS). An intumescent flame retardant coating based on bio-derived phytic acid (PA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was constructed on NC fabrics via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly process. Subsequently, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was grafted to reduce surface energy, imparting synergistic flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity. The treated fabric (C-3) showed excellent flame retardant and self-extinguishing behavior, with no afterflame or afterglow during vertical burning and a char length of only 35 mm. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed a residual char rate of 43.9%, far exceeding that of untreated fabric (8.6%). After PDMS modification, the fabric reached a water contact angle of 157.8°, indicating superior superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. Durability tests showed that the fabric maintained its flame retardancy (no afterflame or afterglow) and superhydrophobicity (WCA > 150°) after 360 cm of abrasion and five laundering cycles. This fluorine-free, nanoparticle-free, and environmentally friendly approach offers a promising route for developing multifunctional NC fabrics for applications in firefighting clothing and self-cleaning textiles.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"699-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/699/pdf?version=1749560075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B4C is beneficial for forming a glassy film that is effective at impeding oxygen diffusion and improving the oxidation resistance of coatings at high temperature. The effect of B4C content on the oxidation resistance of a B4C-SiO2–Albite/Al2O3 (BSA/AO) double-layer coating by the slurry brushing method at 900 °C was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in this work. It is indicated that the composite coating with 20 wt% B4C exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature, which shows a mass loss of only 0.11% for the coated carbon block after being exposed to 900 °C for 196 h. This is attributed to the in situ formation of a thin, dense glass layer with good self-healing ability at the interface of the B4C-SiO2–Albite/Al2O3 composite coating within 1 h and the persistence and stability of the dense glass layer during exposure. The mechanism is discussed in detail.
{"title":"Effect of B4C Content on the Oxidation Resistance of a B4C-SiO2–Albite/Al2O3 Coating at 900 °C","authors":"P.L. Chen, Qingming Luo, Haoze Wang, Huan He, Tao Liu, Yingheng Huang, Tianquan Liang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060688","url":null,"abstract":"B4C is beneficial for forming a glassy film that is effective at impeding oxygen diffusion and improving the oxidation resistance of coatings at high temperature. The effect of B4C content on the oxidation resistance of a B4C-SiO2–Albite/Al2O3 (BSA/AO) double-layer coating by the slurry brushing method at 900 °C was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in this work. It is indicated that the composite coating with 20 wt% B4C exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature, which shows a mass loss of only 0.11% for the coated carbon block after being exposed to 900 °C for 196 h. This is attributed to the in situ formation of a thin, dense glass layer with good self-healing ability at the interface of the B4C-SiO2–Albite/Al2O3 composite coating within 1 h and the persistence and stability of the dense glass layer during exposure. The mechanism is discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"688-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/688/pdf?version=1749218373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.3390/coatings15060654
Xiaohong Xu, Bo Wen, Yu Yan, Xinrui Ren, Bo Zhang
With the increasing detection of antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water bodies, developing efficient and eco-friendly treatment technologies is critical. This study employs a hydrothermal impregnation method to prepare a NiFe2O4/granular activated carbon (GAC) composite catalyst, optimized for use in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolytic ozonation system to degrade SMX. Single-factor experiments optimized preparation conditions with a Fe:Ni molar ratio of 3:1, a GAC:Fe + Ni mass ratio of 2:1, and calcination at 500 °C for 3 h. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR, confirming a spinel NiFe2O4 structure (crystal size ~15.2 nm) uniformly dispersed on GAC, with an Fe:Ni atomic ratio of ~2.1:1. In the PEM system, the optimized catalyst achieved a 99.15% ± 0.3% SMX degradation rate (50 mg/L) within 25 min, compared to 95.06% ± 0.6% in 30 min without a catalyst. The catalyst maintained 98.45% ± 0.5% efficiency after three cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. The synergy between GAC adsorption and NiFe2O4 catalysis, driven by Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycling, enhances ·OH generation from ozone decomposition, boosting SMX degradation. This work provides a robust catalyst for antibiotic wastewater treatment and a foundation for scaling up catalytic ozonation.
{"title":"Preparation and Optimization of NiFe2O4/GAC Composite Catalyst and Its Application in PEM Electrolytic Ozonation for Sulfamethoxazole Degradation","authors":"Xiaohong Xu, Bo Wen, Yu Yan, Xinrui Ren, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060654","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing detection of antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water bodies, developing efficient and eco-friendly treatment technologies is critical. This study employs a hydrothermal impregnation method to prepare a NiFe2O4/granular activated carbon (GAC) composite catalyst, optimized for use in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolytic ozonation system to degrade SMX. Single-factor experiments optimized preparation conditions with a Fe:Ni molar ratio of 3:1, a GAC:Fe + Ni mass ratio of 2:1, and calcination at 500 °C for 3 h. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and FT-IR, confirming a spinel NiFe2O4 structure (crystal size ~15.2 nm) uniformly dispersed on GAC, with an Fe:Ni atomic ratio of ~2.1:1. In the PEM system, the optimized catalyst achieved a 99.15% ± 0.3% SMX degradation rate (50 mg/L) within 25 min, compared to 95.06% ± 0.6% in 30 min without a catalyst. The catalyst maintained 98.45% ± 0.5% efficiency after three cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. The synergy between GAC adsorption and NiFe2O4 catalysis, driven by Fe3+/Fe2+ redox cycling, enhances ·OH generation from ozone decomposition, boosting SMX degradation. This work provides a robust catalyst for antibiotic wastewater treatment and a foundation for scaling up catalytic ozonation.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"654-654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/654/pdf?version=1748510392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.3390/coatings15060646
Bowen Li, Andy H. Shen
Synthetic opal-based photonic materials with tunable optical properties not only exhibit significant application potential but also provide valuable models in terms of understanding color formation mechanisms in natural gemstones. Inspired by natural fire opals containing small amounts of Fe2O3 nanoparticle inclusions (0 wt%~0.23 wt%), we fabricated short-range ordered opal films doped with low concentrations (0 wt%~2.00 wt%) of Fe2O3@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles using a modified vertical deposition method. The Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel process to encapsulate the Fe2O3 core with a 10-nm-thick SiO2 shell, preventing agglomeration and enhancing the chemical stability. Experimental results show that even small amounts of doping significantly affect the reflection peak intensity of the films, leading to notable color appearance changes. Combined with numerical simulations, we attribute this modulation to both light absorption and backward scattering effects introduced by the doped nanoparticles. Moreover, the numerical simulation results for Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles (with a 10 nm silica shell and similar particle size) show comparable optical properties, suggesting that such inclusions may contribute similarly to the color formation mechanisms in natural fire opals. This work demonstrates that low-concentration Fe2O3@SiO2 NP doping provides an effective strategy to tune the color appearance of opal films, with implications for both structural color material development and gemological research.
{"title":"Effect of Fe2O3@SiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticle Doping Ratio on Color Appearance of Synthetic Opal Films Inspired by Natural Fire Opal","authors":"Bowen Li, Andy H. Shen","doi":"10.3390/coatings15060646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060646","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic opal-based photonic materials with tunable optical properties not only exhibit significant application potential but also provide valuable models in terms of understanding color formation mechanisms in natural gemstones. Inspired by natural fire opals containing small amounts of Fe2O3 nanoparticle inclusions (0 wt%~0.23 wt%), we fabricated short-range ordered opal films doped with low concentrations (0 wt%~2.00 wt%) of Fe2O3@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles using a modified vertical deposition method. The Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol–gel process to encapsulate the Fe2O3 core with a 10-nm-thick SiO2 shell, preventing agglomeration and enhancing the chemical stability. Experimental results show that even small amounts of doping significantly affect the reflection peak intensity of the films, leading to notable color appearance changes. Combined with numerical simulations, we attribute this modulation to both light absorption and backward scattering effects introduced by the doped nanoparticles. Moreover, the numerical simulation results for Fe2O3 nanoparticles and Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles (with a 10 nm silica shell and similar particle size) show comparable optical properties, suggesting that such inclusions may contribute similarly to the color formation mechanisms in natural fire opals. This work demonstrates that low-concentration Fe2O3@SiO2 NP doping provides an effective strategy to tune the color appearance of opal films, with implications for both structural color material development and gemological research.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 6","pages":"646-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/6/646/pdf?version=1748334576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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