Pub Date : 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152630
Haoran Shen , Yaping He , Renjie Zeng , Likun Ge , Jingang Dai , Juanhua Li , Zezhi Li , Gao-Xia Wei
Objective
This study aims to investigate the unique neural mechanisms underpinning abnormal interoception in schizophrenia patients with comorbid alexithymia. The focus is on identifying aberrant activation patterns and functional connectivities of the insula cortex with regions involved in emotional processing.
Methods
Fifty schizophrenia patients were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Task-based fMRI scans were conducted to observe brain activation patterns during interoceptive conditions.
Results
Alexithymic patients showed higher alexithymia and lower interoception compared to non-alexithymic patients. During the interoceptive task, alexithymic patients exhibited reduced activation in the anterior insula (AI), while no difference was observed in the posterior insula (PI). Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced connectivity between the AI and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in alexithymic patients. Moreover, the connection between the AI and the ACC mediated the relationship between interoception and alexithymia.
Conclusion
These results suggested that alexithymic schizophrenia patients struggle to integrate interoceptive afferents with emotional salience, and highlighted AI's role in the interplay between interoceptive awareness and emotional articulation in alexithymic schizophrenia, suggesting a potential neurobiological pathway for targeted interventions.
Trial registration: The research is registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (CCTR), under the registration number ChiCTR2400080313 on January 15, 2024.
{"title":"Aberrant anterior insula underlies interoceptive deficits in alexithymia among schizophrenia patients","authors":"Haoran Shen , Yaping He , Renjie Zeng , Likun Ge , Jingang Dai , Juanhua Li , Zezhi Li , Gao-Xia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the unique neural mechanisms underpinning abnormal interoception in schizophrenia patients with comorbid alexithymia. The focus is on identifying aberrant activation patterns and functional connectivities of the insula cortex with regions involved in emotional processing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty schizophrenia patients were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Task-based fMRI scans were conducted to observe brain activation patterns during interoceptive conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Alexithymic patients showed higher alexithymia and lower interoception compared to non-alexithymic patients. During the interoceptive task, alexithymic patients exhibited reduced activation in the anterior insula (AI), while no difference was observed in the posterior insula (PI). Functional connectivity analysis revealed reduced connectivity between the AI and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in alexithymic patients. Moreover, the connection between the AI and the ACC mediated the relationship between interoception and alexithymia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results suggested that alexithymic schizophrenia patients struggle to integrate interoceptive afferents with emotional salience, and highlighted AI's role in the interplay between interoceptive awareness and emotional articulation in alexithymic schizophrenia, suggesting a potential neurobiological pathway for targeted interventions.</div><div><strong>Trial registration:</strong> The research is registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry (CCTR), under the registration number ChiCTR2400080313 on January 15, 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 152630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152628
Meghan J. Kulak , Meghan A. Gonsalves , Timothy Y. Mariano , Anthony Pinto , Benjamin D. Greenberg , Jennifer Barredo , Zachary Kunicki , M. Tracie Shea
Introduction
Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with high rates of co-occurring personality pathology, including Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). OCPD is characterized by rigidity and perfectionism, leading to internalized distress, interpersonal difficulties, and lower quality of life (QOL). Individuals with OCPD often report high levels of anger, which may exacerbate distress and interpersonal issues. However, the relationship between OCPD, anger, and QOL in trauma-exposed Veterans remains understudied.
Materials and methods
92 Veterans with warzone trauma, hyperarousal symptoms, and moderate to severe problems with anger were recruited from a VA Medical Center for a study on cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger. Assessments included standardized interviews on demographics and trauma history, as well as self-reports on OCPD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits, anger, and QOL.
Results
OCPD scores were significantly correlated with higher state anger (r = 0.276, p = 0.013), trait anger (r = 0.275, p = 0.016), and lower social QOL (r = −0.344, p = 0.002). BPD scores were similarly associated with higher state (r = 0.242, p = 0.031) and trait anger (r = 0.291, p = 0.011), but had lower QOL in all domains.
Conclusion
In this exploratory analysis, OCPD traits in trauma-exposed Veterans were linked to higher anger and lower social QOL, with effect sizes comparable to BPD traits. This highlights the importance of screening for OCPD traits to inform treatment strategies and improve outcomes, especially given that OCPD traits receive less clinical attention than BPD traits.
创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与同时发生的人格病理（包括强迫性人格障碍（OCPD））的高发率相关。OCPD以僵化和完美主义为特征，导致内化痛苦、人际关系困难和较低的生活质量。患有OCPD的人通常会表现出高度的愤怒，这可能会加剧痛苦和人际关系问题。然而，创伤暴露退伍军人的OCPD、愤怒和生活质量之间的关系仍未得到充分研究。材料和方法从退伍军人医疗中心招募了92名有战区创伤、亢奋症状和中重度愤怒问题的退伍军人，进行愤怒的认知行为疗法研究。评估包括对人口统计学和创伤史的标准化访谈，以及OCPD和边缘型人格障碍（BPD）特征、愤怒和生活质量的自我报告。结果socpd得分与较高的状态性愤怒（r = 0.276, p = 0.013）、特质性愤怒（r = 0.275, p = 0.016）、较低的社会生活质量（r = - 0.344, p = 0.002）显著相关。BPD得分与较高的状态（r = 0.242, p = 0.031）和特质性愤怒（r = 0.291, p = 0.011）有相似的相关性，但在所有领域的生活质量都较低。结论创伤暴露退伍军人的OCPD特征与较高的愤怒和较低的社会生活质量相关，其效应量与BPD特征相当。这突出了筛查OCPD特征对制定治疗策略和改善结果的重要性，特别是考虑到OCPD特征比BPD特征得到的临床关注更少。
{"title":"An exploratory analysis of obsessive-compulsive personality traits, pathologic anger and quality of life among trauma-exposed veterans","authors":"Meghan J. Kulak , Meghan A. Gonsalves , Timothy Y. Mariano , Anthony Pinto , Benjamin D. Greenberg , Jennifer Barredo , Zachary Kunicki , M. Tracie Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with high rates of co-occurring personality pathology, including Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). OCPD is characterized by rigidity and perfectionism, leading to internalized distress, interpersonal difficulties, and lower quality of life (QOL). Individuals with OCPD often report high levels of anger, which may exacerbate distress and interpersonal issues. However, the relationship between OCPD, anger, and QOL in trauma-exposed Veterans remains understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>92 Veterans with warzone trauma, hyperarousal symptoms, and moderate to severe problems with anger were recruited from a VA Medical Center for a study on cognitive-behavioral therapy for anger. Assessments included standardized interviews on demographics and trauma history, as well as self-reports on OCPD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits, anger, and QOL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OCPD scores were significantly correlated with higher state anger (<em>r</em> = 0.276, <em>p</em> = 0.013), trait anger (<em>r</em> = 0.275, <em>p</em> = 0.016), and lower social QOL (<em>r</em> = −0.344, <em>p</em> = 0.002). BPD scores were similarly associated with higher state (<em>r</em> = 0.242, <em>p</em> = 0.031) and trait anger (<em>r</em> = 0.291, <em>p</em> = 0.011), but had lower QOL in all domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this exploratory analysis, OCPD traits in trauma-exposed Veterans were linked to higher anger and lower social QOL, with effect sizes comparable to BPD traits. This highlights the importance of screening for OCPD traits to inform treatment strategies and improve outcomes, especially given that OCPD traits receive less clinical attention than BPD traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 152628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152629
Friederike S. David , Josef Frank , Frederike Stein , Susanne Meinert , Lea Zillich , Lea Sirignano , Fabian Streit , Eva C. Beins , Lisa Sindermann , Paula Usemann , Janik Goltermann , Elisabeth J. Leehr , Sugirthan Sivalingam , Stefan Herms , Per Hoffmann , Tim Hahn , Stephanie H. Witt , Nina Alexander , Tilo Kircher , Udo Dannlowski , Andreas J. Forstner
Alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been implicated in affective and psychotic disorders. However, no comprehensive understanding of peripheral DNAm profiles associated with diagnostic groups, course of illness, and other clinical variables has emerged yet. In particular, studies exploring commonalities and differences across diagnoses are lacking. Here we conducted a systematic epigenetic characterization of the transdiagnostic German FOR2107 cohort, including individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 342), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 99), or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD, n = 101) and healthy controls (HC, n = 339). For 183 MDD cases and 178 HC, we assessed additional DNAm data from the two-year follow-up study visit. To explore DNAm differences between and across diagnostic groups, case-control and case-case methylome-wide association studies were performed. Our sample was further characterized using methylation risk scores (MRS) for MDD and SSD. Finally, epigenetic age acceleration was examined and compared to a measure of brain age acceleration. We identified few methylome-wide significant associations with diagnostic groups. MRS for MDD did not differ between diagnostic groups, and an increase in MRS for SSD in SSD compared to HC did not remain significant when adjusting for smoking behavior and BMI. An increase in epigenetic age acceleration was most evident for SSD compared to HC, which did not remain significant when adjusting for covariates. No correlation between epigenetic and brain age acceleration was observed. Our findings emphasize the relevance of potential confounding factors in epigenetics research in psychiatry and contribute to a growing body of studies on DNAm profiles across affective and psychotic disorders.
DNA甲基化（DNAm）谱的改变与情感和精神障碍有关。然而，目前还没有全面了解与诊断组、病程和其他临床变量相关的外周dna谱。特别是，缺乏探索诊断之间的共性和差异的研究。在这里，我们对德国FOR2107的跨诊断队列进行了系统的表观遗传学表征，包括重度抑郁症（MDD, n = 342）、双相情感障碍（BD, n = 99）或精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD, n = 101）和健康对照（HC, n = 339）。对于183例重度抑郁症和178例HC，我们评估了来自两年随访研究访问的额外DNAm数据。为了探索诊断组之间和诊断组之间的DNAm差异，进行了病例对照和病例甲基组全关联研究。我们的样本进一步使用甲基化风险评分（MRS）对MDD和SSD进行表征。最后，研究了表观遗传年龄加速，并将其与大脑年龄加速的测量结果进行了比较。我们发现很少有甲基组与诊断组有显著关联。MDD的MRS在诊断组之间没有差异，在调整吸烟行为和BMI后，SSD患者与HC患者相比，SSD患者的MRS增加也没有保持显著性。与HC相比，SSD的表观遗传年龄加速的增加最为明显，在调整协变量后，这一点并不显著。未观察到表观遗传与脑老化加速之间的相关性。我们的研究结果强调了精神病学表观遗传学研究中潜在混杂因素的相关性，并有助于在情感和精神障碍中进行越来越多的dna谱研究。
{"title":"Blood-based DNA methylation profiles in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders","authors":"Friederike S. David , Josef Frank , Frederike Stein , Susanne Meinert , Lea Zillich , Lea Sirignano , Fabian Streit , Eva C. Beins , Lisa Sindermann , Paula Usemann , Janik Goltermann , Elisabeth J. Leehr , Sugirthan Sivalingam , Stefan Herms , Per Hoffmann , Tim Hahn , Stephanie H. Witt , Nina Alexander , Tilo Kircher , Udo Dannlowski , Andreas J. Forstner","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been implicated in affective and psychotic disorders. However, no comprehensive understanding of peripheral DNAm profiles associated with diagnostic groups, course of illness, and other clinical variables has emerged yet. In particular, studies exploring commonalities and differences across diagnoses are lacking. Here we conducted a systematic epigenetic characterization of the transdiagnostic German FOR2107 cohort, including individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD, <em>n</em> = 342), bipolar disorder (BD, <em>n</em> = 99), or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD, <em>n</em> = 101) and healthy controls (HC, <em>n</em> = 339). For 183 MDD cases and 178 HC, we assessed additional DNAm data from the two-year follow-up study visit. To explore DNAm differences between and across diagnostic groups, case-control and case-case methylome-wide association studies were performed. Our sample was further characterized using methylation risk scores (MRS) for MDD and SSD. Finally, epigenetic age acceleration was examined and compared to a measure of brain age acceleration. We identified few methylome-wide significant associations with diagnostic groups. MRS for MDD did not differ between diagnostic groups, and an increase in MRS for SSD in SSD compared to HC did not remain significant when adjusting for smoking behavior and BMI. An increase in epigenetic age acceleration was most evident for SSD compared to HC, which did not remain significant when adjusting for covariates. No correlation between epigenetic and brain age acceleration was observed. Our findings emphasize the relevance of potential confounding factors in epigenetics research in psychiatry and contribute to a growing body of studies on DNAm profiles across affective and psychotic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 152629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152627
Domonkos File , Bela Petro , Lili Kővári , Petia Kojouharova , Zsófia Anna Gaál , Zsolt Demetrovics , István Czigler
While traditional electrophysiological measures such as ERPs have been successfully used to study individual differences, their signal-to-noise ratio often limits the precision of single-subject analyses. To address this, the present study had two primary aims: (1) to explore the utility of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) method for investigating addiction-specific cognitive processes and (2) to examine the relationship between the imbalance of self-reported wanting and liking, and the neural correlates of tobacco smoking-related attentional bias. A total of 39 participants, including smokers (N = 22) and non-smokers (N = 17), were exposed to a passive visual oddball paradigm comprising rapidly flickering stimuli under two conditions: neutral (e.g., office tools) and smoking-related (e.g., cigarettes). Neural activity was recorded using EEG, and frequency-specific SSVEP responses were analyzed to assess attentional bias toward smoking-related stimuli. The results demonstrated that SSVEPs effectively captured the well-documented attentional bias effect between smokers and non-smokers. Furthermore, beyond group-level comparisons, SSVEPs proved suitable for examining attentional bias at the individual level, allowing for the investigation of correlations between neural responses to smoking cues and the difference between self-reported wanting and liking (WmL) imagined before, during and after smoking. A moderate to strong positive correlation was observed specifically for WmL-after and attentional-bias, supporting two conclusions: (1) SSVEPs represent a promising tool for assessing addiction-specific cognitive processes, and (2) self-reported assessments of incentive sensitization theory (IST) may be associated with attentional bias characteristic of addictive behaviors. These findings highlight the potential value of self-report measures in human IST research and underscore the need for further investigation.
{"title":"Investigating attentional bias in low-dependence smokers with steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs): Linking wanting, liking, and neural responses","authors":"Domonkos File , Bela Petro , Lili Kővári , Petia Kojouharova , Zsófia Anna Gaál , Zsolt Demetrovics , István Czigler","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While traditional electrophysiological measures such as ERPs have been successfully used to study individual differences, their signal-to-noise ratio often limits the precision of single-subject analyses. To address this, the present study had two primary aims: (1) to explore the utility of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) method for investigating addiction-specific cognitive processes and (2) to examine the relationship between the imbalance of self-reported wanting and liking, and the neural correlates of tobacco smoking-related attentional bias. A total of 39 participants, including smokers (<em>N</em> = 22) and non-smokers (<em>N</em> = 17), were exposed to a passive visual oddball paradigm comprising rapidly flickering stimuli under two conditions: neutral (e.g., office tools) and smoking-related (e.g., cigarettes). Neural activity was recorded using EEG, and frequency-specific SSVEP responses were analyzed to assess attentional bias toward smoking-related stimuli. The results demonstrated that SSVEPs effectively captured the well-documented attentional bias effect between smokers and non-smokers. Furthermore, beyond group-level comparisons, SSVEPs proved suitable for examining attentional bias at the individual level, allowing for the investigation of correlations between neural responses to smoking cues and the difference between self-reported wanting and liking (WmL) imagined before, during and after smoking. A moderate to strong positive correlation was observed specifically for WmL-after and attentional-bias, supporting two conclusions: (1) SSVEPs represent a promising tool for assessing addiction-specific cognitive processes, and (2) self-reported assessments of incentive sensitization theory (IST) may be associated with attentional bias characteristic of addictive behaviors. These findings highlight the potential value of self-report measures in human IST research and underscore the need for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152625
Faccini Julie , Joshi Vrutti , Del-Monte Jonathan
Background
Diurnal and nocturnal symptoms of insomnia are strongly associated with anxiety and depression. Interoception provides a new reading window for understanding the development and maintenance of psychopathology and sleep disorders. While previous studies have provided preliminary insights into the relationships between depression, anxiety, insomnia, and interoceptive sensibility, to our knowledge, no study has comprehensively examined these relationships.
Methods
We used mediation and network analyses to investigate the associations between interoceptive sensibility, diurnal and nocturnal symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, and depression in a sample of 542 individuals from the general population. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Sleep Condition Indicator, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for the assessment.
Results
The results showed that the dimensions “trust” and “attention regulation” of interoceptive sensibility are central nodes in the interrelationship network. The “trust” dimension is strongly and negatively related to depression and anxiety. Nocturnal symptoms are more strongly related to anxiety, and diurnal symptoms are more strongly related to depression. Mediation analyses highlight the predominant mediating role of the “trust” dimension in the relationships between insomnia symptoms and clinical variables.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that interoceptive sensibility plays a critical role in bridging the relationship between both nocturnal and diurnal insomnia symptoms and anxiety-depressive symptomatology.
{"title":"Interoceptive sensibility: links with insomnia symptoms, anxiety, and depression in the general population","authors":"Faccini Julie , Joshi Vrutti , Del-Monte Jonathan","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diurnal and nocturnal symptoms of insomnia are strongly associated with anxiety and depression. Interoception provides a new reading window for understanding the development and maintenance of psychopathology and sleep disorders. While previous studies have provided preliminary insights into the relationships between depression, anxiety, insomnia, and interoceptive sensibility, to our knowledge, no study has comprehensively examined these relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used mediation and network analyses to investigate the associations between interoceptive sensibility, diurnal and nocturnal symptoms of insomnia, anxiety, and depression in a sample of 542 individuals from the general population. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, the Sleep Condition Indicator, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used for the assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the dimensions “trust” and “attention regulation” of interoceptive sensibility are central nodes in the interrelationship network. The “trust” dimension is strongly and negatively related to depression and anxiety. Nocturnal symptoms are more strongly related to anxiety, and diurnal symptoms are more strongly related to depression. Mediation analyses highlight the predominant mediating role of the “trust” dimension in the relationships between insomnia symptoms and clinical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that interoceptive sensibility plays a critical role in bridging the relationship between both nocturnal and diurnal insomnia symptoms and anxiety-depressive symptomatology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152626
Yuna Jang , EKyong Yoon , Arum Hong , Hye Youn Park
Objectives
Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by persistent physical symptoms and excessive emotional responses, but the influence of emotional factors such as anger and alexithymia on symptom severity and course remains unclear. This study examined whether baseline levels and six-month changes in emotional factors are associated with somatic symptom severity and course in SSD, considering sex.
Methods
Eighty-three SSD patients and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed self-report measures of emotional and somatic symptoms at baseline and six-month follow-up. Changes in symptom levels were compared between patients and controls. Emotional factors associated with symptom severity and change were also examined. Linear mixed models, multiple regression, and Bayesian mediation analyses were employed.
Results
Compared to controls, the SSD group showed significant improvement in somatic symptoms over six months. Trait anger was significantly associated with somatic symptom severity in females, and an interaction between anxiety and trait anger predicted symptom severity. Within the SSD group, reductions in anxiety and alexithymia were significantly associated with symptom improvement. Mediation analyses supported indirect pathways between affective change and symptom reduction.
Conclusions
This prospective study highlights the contribution of emotional dysregulation to both the severity and course of somatic symptoms in SSD. The findings emphasize the relevance of sex differences and emotion-focused mechanisms in symptom maintenance and improvement, supporting the need for tailored interventions in SSD treatment.
{"title":"Affective dysregulation and sex differences in somatic symptom disorder: A 6-month longitudinal and mediation analysis","authors":"Yuna Jang , EKyong Yoon , Arum Hong , Hye Youn Park","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by persistent physical symptoms and excessive emotional responses, but the influence of emotional factors such as anger and alexithymia on symptom severity and course remains unclear. This study examined whether baseline levels and six-month changes in emotional factors are associated with somatic symptom severity and course in SSD, considering sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-three SSD patients and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed self-report measures of emotional and somatic symptoms at baseline and six-month follow-up. Changes in symptom levels were compared between patients and controls. Emotional factors associated with symptom severity and change were also examined. Linear mixed models, multiple regression, and Bayesian mediation analyses were employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to controls, the SSD group showed significant improvement in somatic symptoms over six months. Trait anger was significantly associated with somatic symptom severity in females, and an interaction between anxiety and trait anger predicted symptom severity. Within the SSD group, reductions in anxiety and alexithymia were significantly associated with symptom improvement. Mediation analyses supported indirect pathways between affective change and symptom reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This prospective study highlights the contribution of emotional dysregulation to both the severity and course of somatic symptoms in SSD. The findings emphasize the relevance of sex differences and emotion-focused mechanisms in symptom maintenance and improvement, supporting the need for tailored interventions in SSD treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152624
Lara R. Piccoli , Lucy Albertella , Alexandra Ghiţă , Chao Suo , Shuo Chen , José Gutiérrez-Maldonado , Karyn Richardson , Murat Yücel , Rico Sze Chun Lee
Objective
Stress is well-known to increase alcohol craving and alcohol cue-induced anxiety in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). While previous research suggests that individuals who drink for relief experience strong alcohol cravings and associated anxiety, the interaction between stress and relief-seeking motives in predicting craving and anxiety responses to alcohol cues is not well understood. Using a virtual reality cue exposure paradigm, this study investigated the moderating role of stress on the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. We hypothesised that individuals with AUD who report high relief-seeking motives would show greater cue-induced craving and anxiety when exposed to a psychosocial stressor, compared to those not exposed to the stressor.
Method
Forty-nine participants were randomised into stress (n = 24) or no-stress (n = 25) exposure groups. Participants completed the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale to measure drinking motives and visual analogue scales to measure cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. Heart rate and subjective stress were measured throughout the session.
Results
Stress moderated the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving (β = 1.90, p = .015); those with high relief-seeking motives exhibited greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed (β = 1.65, p = .011). Stress did not moderate the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced anxiety (β = 1.55, p = .148).
Conclusion
Individuals with high relief-seeking motives exhibit greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed, highlighting their increased vulnerability to harmful drinking and relapse, particularly during stressful situations. Further research is required to elucidate the cognitive-affective mechanisms of relief-driven drinking to inform more targeted interventions for these at-risk individuals.
目的：众所周知，压力会增加酒精使用障碍（AUD）患者的酒精渴望和酒精线索诱发的焦虑。虽然之前的研究表明，为了缓解压力而喝酒的人会有强烈的酒精渴望和相关的焦虑，但压力和寻求缓解动机之间的相互作用，在预测酒精线索的渴望和焦虑反应方面，还没有得到很好的理解。本研究采用虚拟现实线索暴露范式，探讨了压力在寻求缓解动机与线索诱导的酒精渴望和焦虑之间的调节作用。我们假设，与未暴露于压力源的个体相比，报告高寻求缓解动机的AUD患者在暴露于社会心理压力源时表现出更大的线索诱导的渴望和焦虑。方法49例受试者随机分为应激组（n = 24）和无应激组（n = 25）。参与者完成了习惯、奖励和恐惧量表来衡量饮酒动机，以及视觉模拟量表来衡量线索引起的酒精渴望和焦虑。在整个过程中测量心率和主观压力。结果应激可调节缓解寻求动机与提示性酒精渴望的关系（β = 1.90, p = 0.015）；那些有高度寻求缓解动机的人在压力下表现出更大的线索诱导的酒精渴望（β = 1.65, p = 0.011）。压力没有调节寻求救济动机和线索诱发焦虑之间的关系（β = 1.55, p = .148）。结论：具有高度寻求缓解动机的个体在压力下表现出更大的线索诱导的酒精渴望，突出了他们更容易有害饮酒和复发，特别是在压力情况下。需要进一步的研究来阐明缓解型饮酒的认知-情感机制，从而为这些高危人群提供更有针对性的干预措施。
{"title":"Effect of stress on the relationship between relief-seeking and cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety: A virtual reality cue exposure study","authors":"Lara R. Piccoli , Lucy Albertella , Alexandra Ghiţă , Chao Suo , Shuo Chen , José Gutiérrez-Maldonado , Karyn Richardson , Murat Yücel , Rico Sze Chun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Stress is well-known to increase alcohol craving and alcohol cue-induced anxiety in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). While previous research suggests that individuals who drink for relief experience strong alcohol cravings and associated anxiety, the interaction between stress and relief-seeking motives in predicting craving and anxiety responses to alcohol cues is not well understood. Using a virtual reality cue exposure paradigm, this study investigated the moderating role of stress on the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. We hypothesised that individuals with AUD who report high relief-seeking motives would show greater cue-induced craving and anxiety when exposed to a psychosocial stressor, compared to those not exposed to the stressor.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty-nine participants were randomised into stress (<em>n</em> = 24) or no-stress (<em>n</em> = 25) exposure groups. Participants completed the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale to measure drinking motives and visual analogue scales to measure cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. Heart rate and subjective stress were measured throughout the session.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stress moderated the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving (β = 1.90, <em>p</em> = .015); those with high relief-seeking motives exhibited greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed (β = 1.65, <em>p</em> = .011). Stress did not moderate the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced anxiety (β = 1.55, <em>p</em> = .148).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals with high relief-seeking motives exhibit greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed, highlighting their increased vulnerability to harmful drinking and relapse, particularly during stressful situations. Further research is required to elucidate the cognitive-affective mechanisms of relief-driven drinking to inform more targeted interventions for these at-risk individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152623
Harshdeep S. Mangat , Róbert Urbán , Patrik Koncz , Zsolt Demetrovics , Andrea Czakó , Mark D. Griffiths , Orsolya Király
Background and aims
Esports playing (i.e., competitive videogaming) is an ever-growing activity but has a variety of risks or harms associated with problematic consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which esports is associated with different indicators of problematic consumption and how motivations for playing videogames reflect differences between esports players, recreational players, and highly engaged gamers.
Methods
Self-report data were collected regarding personality, psychopathological symptoms, and gaming behavior among 14,727 gamers (mean age = 24.1 years [SD = 7.0]; 89.3 % male) comprising 557 esports players (mean age = 21.5 years [SD = 6.5]; 95.9 % male), 5101 recreational players (mean age = 26.1 years [SD = 7.5]; 87.8 % male), and 9069 highly engaged gamers (mean age = 23.2 years [SD = 6.4]; 89.7 % male).
Results
Comparing all three groups, esports players were more likely to be male, younger in age, and were more likely to have a competitive personality. When compared to highly engaged gamers with regard to gaming motivation, esports players showed lower mastery, stimulation, and escapism motives. Highly engaged gamers displayed higher sensation seeking, higher negative affectivity, and lower sociability compared to the other two groups.
Conclusion
Esports players tend to have a balanced psychological profile, which indicates that esports themselves are not necessarily associated with problematic use characteristics. Highly engaged gamers showed potentially harmful characteristics in terms of higher perceived stress and depression, and motivations to play (escapism). Interventions are encouraged to protect and support this group of gamers.
{"title":"Personality, motivations, and gaming disorder symptoms: A large-scale comparative study of esports players, highly engaged gamers, and recreational players.","authors":"Harshdeep S. Mangat , Róbert Urbán , Patrik Koncz , Zsolt Demetrovics , Andrea Czakó , Mark D. Griffiths , Orsolya Király","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Esports playing (i.e., competitive videogaming) is an ever-growing activity but has a variety of risks or harms associated with problematic consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which esports is associated with different indicators of problematic consumption and how motivations for playing videogames reflect differences between esports players, recreational players, and highly engaged gamers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Self-report data were collected regarding personality, psychopathological symptoms, and gaming behavior among 14,727 gamers (mean age = 24.1 years [SD = 7.0]; 89.3 % male) comprising 557 esports players (mean age = 21.5 years [SD = 6.5]; 95.9 % male), 5101 recreational players (mean age = 26.1 years [SD = 7.5]; 87.8 % male), and 9069 highly engaged gamers (mean age = 23.2 years [SD = 6.4]; 89.7 % male).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Comparing all three groups, esports players were more likely to be male, younger in age, and were more likely to have a competitive personality. When compared to highly engaged gamers with regard to gaming motivation, esports players showed lower mastery, stimulation, and escapism motives. Highly engaged gamers displayed higher sensation seeking, higher negative affectivity, and lower sociability compared to the other two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Esports players tend to have a balanced psychological profile, which indicates that esports themselves are not necessarily associated with problematic use characteristics. Highly engaged gamers showed potentially harmful characteristics in terms of higher perceived stress and depression, and motivations to play (escapism). Interventions are encouraged to protect and support this group of gamers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the association between metacognitive performance, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenia using structural equation model analyses.
Study design
A sample of 249 participants was assessed for symptoms, functioning, QoL, and both objective and subjective cognitive performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive performance.
Study results
Our model showed an excellent fit (CFI = 0.981; RMSEA = 0.014–0.081) and explained 53.3 % of the variance in functioning and 50.3 % in QoL. Metacognitive performance was not significantly associated with functioning but showed a negative association with QoL (β = −0.383, p < 0.001). Thus, a greater underestimation of one's cognitive abilities was linked with lower QoL, potentially reflecting heightened awareness of deficits that affect well-being. Depression, also negatively associated with QoL (β = −0.359, p < 0.001), was linked to the underestimation of cognitive abilities, whereas symptom severity was associated with their overestimation (β = −0.296, p < 0.001). Complementary analyses suggest that the subjective cognition model closely mirrors that of metacognitive performance, questioning the distinctiveness of metacognition as an explanatory factor in schizophrenia outcomes.
Conclusion
Our findings imply that interventions that boost confidence in cognitive abilities, such as cognitive remediation, may improve QoL. Future research should investigate the causal pathways between these factors and explore the role of social cognition, often impaired in schizophrenia, as another mediator. Comprehensive treatment that addresses clinical symptoms, depression, and subjective cognition challenges appear essential to improve outcomes in schizophrenia.
背景与假设我们使用结构方程模型分析精神分裂症患者的元认知表现、功能和生活质量之间的关系。研究设计对249名参与者的症状、功能、生活质量以及客观和主观认知表现进行了评估。元认知表现被定义为认知表现的客观和主观测量之间的适当性。研究结果模型拟合良好(CFI = 0.981；RMSEA = 0.014-0.081)，解释了53.3%的功能差异和50.3%的生活质量差异。元认知表现与功能无显著相关，但与生活质量呈负相关(β = - 0.383, p <；0.001)。因此，对一个人的认知能力的严重低估与较低的生活质量有关，这可能反映了对影响幸福感的缺陷的高度认识。抑郁与生活质量也呈负相关(β = - 0.359, p <；0.001)，与认知能力的低估有关，而症状严重程度与认知能力的高估有关(β = - 0.296, p <；0.001)。补充分析表明，主观认知模型密切反映了元认知表现，质疑元认知作为精神分裂症结局解释因素的独特性。结论增强认知能力自信的干预措施，如认知修复，可以改善患者的生活质量。未来的研究应该调查这些因素之间的因果关系，并探索社会认知的作用，通常在精神分裂症中受损，作为另一个中介。针对临床症状、抑郁和主观认知挑战的综合治疗似乎对改善精神分裂症的预后至关重要。
{"title":"Flowers for Algernon: How metacognition affects quality of life in schizophrenia. Structural equation modeling with the FACE-SZ cohort","authors":"Solène Frileux , Nathan Faivre , Mathieu Urbach , Nathan Vidal , Hugo Bottemanne , Fabrice Berna , Cristobal Belmonte , Laurent Boyer , Delphine Capdevielle , Julie Clauss , Isabelle Chéreau , Thierry D'Amato , Caroline Dubertret , Julien Dubreucq , Guillaume Fond , Sylvain Leigner , Pierre-Michel Llorca , Jasmina Mallet , David Misdrahi , Baptiste Pignon , Paul Roux","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and hypothesis</h3><div>We examined the association between metacognitive performance, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenia using structural equation model analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A sample of 249 participants was assessed for symptoms, functioning, QoL, and both objective and subjective cognitive performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Study results</h3><div>Our model showed an excellent fit (CFI = 0.981; RMSEA = 0.014–0.081) and explained 53.3 % of the variance in functioning and 50.3 % in QoL. Metacognitive performance was not significantly associated with functioning but showed a negative association with QoL (<em>β</em> = −0.383, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Thus, a greater underestimation of one's cognitive abilities was linked with lower QoL, potentially reflecting heightened awareness of deficits that affect well-being. Depression, also negatively associated with QoL (<em>β</em> = −0.359, <em>p</em> < 0.001), was linked to the underestimation of cognitive abilities, whereas symptom severity was associated with their overestimation (β = −0.296, p < 0.001). Complementary analyses suggest that the subjective cognition model closely mirrors that of metacognitive performance, questioning the distinctiveness of metacognition as an explanatory factor in schizophrenia outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings imply that interventions that boost confidence in cognitive abilities, such as cognitive remediation, may improve QoL. Future research should investigate the causal pathways between these factors and explore the role of social cognition, often impaired in schizophrenia, as another mediator. Comprehensive treatment that addresses clinical symptoms, depression, and subjective cognition challenges appear essential to improve outcomes in schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is highly prevalent with ∼44 million cases worldwide. CUD has been associated with compulsive use despite experiencing adverse psychosocial outcomes. Such adverse outcomes of CUD have been attributed to altered cognition - a set of mental processes that support the organisation and implementation of goal-directed behaviour. However, the evidence is mixed and limited by methodological issues including inconsistent assessment of CUD and metrics of cannabis use.
Objective/Methods
This study examined distinct domains of cognition (i.e., executive function, working memory, episodic memory, verbal reasoning, attention, IQ) in 115 participants aged 18.5 to 32.5 years. We compared performance between 83 participants who endorsed a CUD and 32 controls. We also explored whether the level of problematic cannabis use, and cannabis grams/past month was associated with cognition in CUD. All analyses accounted for alcohol/nicotine use and trait anxiety.
Results
CUD compared to control participants showed significantly lower IQ, with a strong effect size (p < .001, d = 0.862), which was driven by lower verbal IQ, and survived adjusting for education years. There were no other significant effects of group or associations between cognition, level of problematic cannabis use, or dosage.
Conclusions
Altered cognition in young adults who endorse a CUD may be specific to verbal IQ. Future work is required to confirm whether these findings generalise to CUD samples across the lifespan, including the most vulnerable individuals with a CUD who are seeking or receiving treatment and that endorse comorbid psychopathologies.
理性大麻使用障碍（CUD）非常普遍，全世界约有4400万例。尽管经历了不良的社会心理后果，但CUD与强迫性使用有关。CUD的这些不良后果被归因于认知的改变——一套支持目标导向行为的组织和实施的心理过程。然而，证据是混杂的，并受到方法学问题的限制，包括对CUD和大麻使用指标的评估不一致。目的/方法本研究考察了115名年龄在18.5岁至32.5岁之间的参与者的不同认知领域（即执行功能、工作记忆、情景记忆、言语推理、注意力、智商）。我们比较了83名接受CUD治疗的参与者和32名对照组的表现。我们还探讨了有问题的大麻使用水平和大麻克数/过去一个月是否与CUD的认知有关。所有的分析都说明了酒精/尼古丁的使用和特质焦虑。结果与对照组相比，cud组受试者的智商显著降低，且存在较强的效应量(p <；.001, d = 0.862)，由较低的语言智商驱动，并在调整教育年限后存活。认知、问题大麻使用水平或剂量之间没有其他显著的群体影响或关联。结论年轻成人的认知障碍可能与语言智商有关。未来的工作需要证实这些发现是否适用于整个生命周期的CUD样本，包括那些正在寻求或接受治疗的最脆弱的CUD个体，以及那些认可共病精神病理的个体。
{"title":"Cognitive performance in young adults who endorse a cannabis use disorder","authors":"Gabrielle Abbott , Lisa Greenwood , Jessica G. Bartschi , Suraya Dunsford , Isabella Goodwin , Anastasia Paloubis , Marianna Quinones Valera , Eugene McTavish , Antonio Verdejo-Garcia , Janna Cousijn , Gary C.K. Chan , Nadia Solowij , Valentina Lorenzetti","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is highly prevalent with ∼44 million cases worldwide. CUD has been associated with compulsive use despite experiencing adverse psychosocial outcomes. Such adverse outcomes of CUD have been attributed to altered cognition - a set of mental processes that support the organisation and implementation of goal-directed behaviour. However, the evidence is mixed and limited by methodological issues including inconsistent assessment of CUD and metrics of cannabis use.</div></div><div><h3>Objective/Methods</h3><div>This study examined distinct domains of cognition (i.e., executive function, working memory, episodic memory, verbal reasoning, attention, IQ) in 115 participants aged 18.5 to 32.5 years. We compared performance between 83 participants who endorsed a CUD and 32 controls. We also explored whether the level of problematic cannabis use, and cannabis grams/past month was associated with cognition in CUD. All analyses accounted for alcohol/nicotine use and trait anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CUD compared to control participants showed significantly lower IQ, with a strong effect size (<em>p</em> < .001, <em>d</em> = 0.862), which was driven by lower verbal IQ, and survived adjusting for education years. There were no other significant effects of group or associations between cognition, level of problematic cannabis use, or dosage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Altered cognition in young adults who endorse a CUD may be specific to verbal IQ. Future work is required to confirm whether these findings generalise to CUD samples across the lifespan, including the most vulnerable individuals with a CUD who are seeking or receiving treatment and that endorse comorbid psychopathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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