Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152520
Yang Wang , Jiayue Cheng , Hanyang Ruan , Jiazhe Zhang , Zifeng Zheng , Liangjun Lin , Jian Gao , Chenyu Yuan , Huiqin Han , Qing Fan , Zhen Wang
Objective
Characterized by its disabling nature, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects individuals profoundly, with nearly 40% of patients showing resistance to initial treatment methods. Despite being safe and easily accessible, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) lacks extensive substantiation supporting its efficacy in treating OCD. The objective of this study was to evaluate how cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) applied to the right orbitofrontal cortex affected patients with OCD in terms of efficacy.
Method
47 patients with OCD were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to active or sham stimulation groups, and underwent HD-tDCS stimulation treatment for 2 weeks. The central electrode located in the right orbitofrontal cortex region was cathodic. The severity of the patients' obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression and anxiety were assessed before and after treatment.
Result
Out of the total, 44 patients concluded the treatment, comprising 23 participants from the active stimulation group and 21 from the sham stimulation group. Notably, substantial reductions in symptoms related to OCD, depression, and anxiety were exhibited in both groups. With a response rate of 26.1% in the active stimulation group and 23.8% in the sham stimulation group, there was no significant difference in efficacy observed. Furthermore, the reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms at the conclusion of the treatment was not notably superior in the active stimulation group.
Conclusion
This study provided evidence for the acceptability and safety of HD-tDCS. Nevertheless, the study did not reveal notable clinical effectiveness of tDCS in addressing moderate to severe OCD in comparison to the sham stimulation group.
{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","authors":"Yang Wang , Jiayue Cheng , Hanyang Ruan , Jiazhe Zhang , Zifeng Zheng , Liangjun Lin , Jian Gao , Chenyu Yuan , Huiqin Han , Qing Fan , Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Characterized by its disabling nature, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) affects individuals profoundly, with nearly 40% of patients showing resistance to initial treatment methods. Despite being safe and easily accessible, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) lacks extensive substantiation supporting its efficacy in treating OCD. The objective of this study was to evaluate how cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) applied to the right orbitofrontal cortex affected patients with OCD in terms of efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>47 patients with OCD were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to active or sham stimulation groups, and underwent HD-tDCS stimulation treatment for 2 weeks. The central electrode located in the right orbitofrontal cortex region was cathodic. The severity of the patients' obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression and anxiety were assessed before and after treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Out of the total, 44 patients concluded the treatment, comprising 23 participants from the active stimulation group and 21 from the sham stimulation group. Notably, substantial reductions in symptoms related to OCD, depression, and anxiety were exhibited in both groups. With a response rate of 26.1% in the active stimulation group and 23.8% in the sham stimulation group, there was no significant difference in efficacy observed. Furthermore, the reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms at the conclusion of the treatment was not notably superior in the active stimulation group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provided evidence for the acceptability and safety of HD-tDCS. Nevertheless, the study did not reveal notable clinical effectiveness of tDCS in addressing moderate to severe OCD in comparison to the sham stimulation group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 152520"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000713/pdfft?md5=41772d7c92f5c5dbfe7e86ef20d48756&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000713-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This response to a reader's comment on our paper “The Global Assessment of OCD” addresses the critique regarding the stated prevalence of OCD as the fourth most common mental disorder. We acknowledge an oversight in our initial reference, discuss the variable prevalence rates from various studies, and highlight the significant disability caused by OCD. We have requested a correction to the original citation to reflect more recent findings, aiming to ensure accuracy in the discourse on OCD's public health impact.
{"title":"Clarifying the prevalence of OCD: A response to reader comments","authors":"Ilenia Pampaloni , Lucy Morris , Himanshu Tyagi , Enrico Pessina , Sabina Marriott , Claire Fischer , Heba Mohamed , Anusha Govender , Augusta Chandler , Stefano Pallanti","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This response to a reader's comment on our paper “The Global Assessment of OCD” addresses the critique regarding the stated prevalence of OCD as the fourth most common mental disorder. We acknowledge an oversight in our initial reference, discuss the variable prevalence rates from various studies, and highlight the significant disability caused by OCD. We have requested a correction to the original citation to reflect more recent findings, aiming to ensure accuracy in the discourse on OCD's public health impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 152492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000439/pdfft?md5=bcb53af0a6d2590b09d18f058121451d&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152517
Mohsen Saffari , Chao-Ying Chen , I-Hua Chen , Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr , Mark D. Griffiths , Marc N. Potenza , Xue Lian Wang , Yu-Ting Huang , Jung-Sheng Chen , Ching-Chung Tsai , Chung-Ying Lin
Background
Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is prevalent, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Given the limited measures to assess specific types of PUI, which encompasses a broad spectrum of activities such as online gaming, social media use, pornography use, shopping, gambling, and web-streaming, Muller et al. (2022) developed the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) to comprehensively assess different types of PUI (i.e., gaming, shopping, social media use, gambling, and pornography use). The present study aimed to validate the Chinese ACSID-11 among adolescents incorporating cross-cultural adaptations.
Methods
Using forward-backward translation method, a culturally adapted version of the ACSID-11 was prepared. Then, a cross-sectional online survey was administered between September 8 and September 26, 2023. Adolescents, using a convenience sample (N = 11,492; mean age = 16.42 years [SD ± 0.91]; 59.1% male), were recruited from six schools to complete the translated ACSID-11, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) via an online platform. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed convergent/discriminant validity. Factor structure and measurement invariance were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega tested internal consistency.
Results
Associations between the ACSID-11 components and other scales supported convergent validity (i.e., ACSID-11 gaming scale with IGDS9-SF [0.37 ≤ r ≤ 0.41]; social networks use scale with BSMAS [0.24 ≤ r ≤ 0.31]) and discriminant validity (i.e., online gambling scale with BSMAS [0.16 ≤ r ≤ 0.19] and with SABAS [0.11 ≤ r ≤ 0.13]). A four-factor solution indicated good fit with comparative fit index (CFI) ranging from 0.982 to 0.958. The ACSID-11 was measurement invariant across sexes (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000) and different levels of related addictive behaviors (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000). Both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega (0.63 to 0.97) were acceptable for both frequency and intensity of responses.
Conclusions
The ACSID-11 is an appropriate scale to assess different kinds of PUI among Chinese adolescents and students. Psychometric assessment of the measure in other cultures and among clinical samples is recommended.
{"title":"A comprehensive measure assessing different types of problematic use of the internet among Chinese adolescents: The Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11)","authors":"Mohsen Saffari , Chao-Ying Chen , I-Hua Chen , Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr , Mark D. Griffiths , Marc N. Potenza , Xue Lian Wang , Yu-Ting Huang , Jung-Sheng Chen , Ching-Chung Tsai , Chung-Ying Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Problematic use of the internet (PUI) is prevalent, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Given the limited measures to assess specific types of PUI, which encompasses a broad spectrum of activities such as online gaming, social media use, pornography use, shopping, gambling, and web-streaming, Muller et al. (2022) developed the Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11) to comprehensively assess different types of PUI (i.e., gaming, shopping, social media use, gambling, and pornography use). The present study aimed to validate the Chinese ACSID-11 among adolescents incorporating cross-cultural adaptations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using forward-backward translation method, a culturally adapted version of the ACSID-11 was prepared. Then, a cross-sectional online survey was administered between September 8 and September 26, 2023. Adolescents, using a convenience sample (<em>N</em> = 11,492; mean age = 16.42 years [SD ± 0.91]; 59.1% male), were recruited from six schools to complete the translated ACSID-11, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) via an online platform. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed convergent/discriminant validity. Factor structure and measurement invariance were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega tested internal consistency.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Associations between the ACSID-11 components and other scales supported convergent validity (i.e., ACSID-11 gaming scale with IGDS9-SF [0.37 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.41]; social networks use scale with BSMAS [0.24 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.31]) and discriminant validity (i.e., online gambling scale with BSMAS [0.16 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.19] and with SABAS [0.11 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.13]). A four-factor solution indicated good fit with comparative fit index (CFI) ranging from 0.982 to 0.958. The ACSID-11 was measurement invariant across sexes (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000) and different levels of related addictive behaviors (∆CFI = -0.001 to 0.000). Both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega (0.63 to 0.97) were acceptable for both frequency and intensity of responses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The ACSID-11 is an appropriate scale to assess different kinds of PUI among Chinese adolescents and students. Psychometric assessment of the measure in other cultures and among clinical samples is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000683/pdfft?md5=8a35dc669d465800ca6ea4a8b39f6bf9&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000683-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152516
Arne van den End , Aishah Snoek , Inga Aarts , Aartjan T.F. Beekman , Jack Dekker , Matthijs Blankers , Nick Lommerse , Kathleen Thomaes
Introduction
High dropout and low treatment attendance rates among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and personality disorders (PDs) continue to pose a significant challenge. Despite numerous studies focusing on enhancing treatment attendance, the identification of consistent and reliable predictors in patients with PTSD and comorbid PDs remains limited.
Objectives
This study aims to investigate a wide range of potential predictors of treatment attendance, encompassing demographic, patient-severity, treatment, and therapist-related variables in patients with PTSD and comorbid borderline and/or cluster C PDs.
Methods
Utilizing data from 255 patients participating in two randomized controlled trials comparing trauma-focused treatment with or without concurrent PD treatment, candidate predictors were individually analyzed in univariate regression models. Significant predictors were then combined in a multiple ordinal regression model.
Results
In total, 40% of patients attended fewer trauma-focused treatment sessions than the minimum recommended in treatment guidelines. Out of the 38 candidate predictors examined, five significant, independent predictors of treatment attendance emerged in a multiple ordinal regression model. Higher baseline PTSD severity (OR = 1.04, p = .036), higher education level (OR = 1.22, p = .009) and a stronger patient-rated working alliance (OR = 1.72, p = .047) with the therapist predicted higher treatment attendance. Conversely, inadequate social support from friends (OR = 0.90, p = .042) and concurrent PD treatment and trauma-focused treatment (OR = 0.52, p = .022) were associated with lower treatment attendance.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this constitutes the first study investigating predictors of treatment attendance in patients with PTSD and comorbid PDs. The results highlight the complexity of pinpointing reliable predictors. Nevertheless, the identification of five predictors provides valuable insights, aiding clinicians in customizing treatment strategies for individual patients and enhancing overall treatment attendance.
{"title":"Predictors of treatment attendance in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid personality disorders","authors":"Arne van den End , Aishah Snoek , Inga Aarts , Aartjan T.F. Beekman , Jack Dekker , Matthijs Blankers , Nick Lommerse , Kathleen Thomaes","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>High dropout and low treatment attendance rates among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and personality disorders (PDs) continue to pose a significant challenge. Despite numerous studies focusing on enhancing treatment attendance, the identification of consistent and reliable predictors in patients with PTSD and comorbid PDs remains limited.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aims to investigate a wide range of potential predictors of treatment attendance, encompassing demographic, patient-severity, treatment, and therapist-related variables in patients with PTSD and comorbid borderline and/or cluster C PDs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Utilizing data from 255 patients participating in two randomized controlled trials comparing trauma-focused treatment with or without concurrent PD treatment, candidate predictors were individually analyzed in univariate regression models. Significant predictors were then combined in a multiple ordinal regression model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 40% of patients attended fewer trauma-focused treatment sessions than the minimum recommended in treatment guidelines. Out of the 38 candidate predictors examined, five significant, independent predictors of treatment attendance emerged in a multiple ordinal regression model. Higher baseline PTSD severity (<em>OR</em> = 1.04, <em>p</em> = .036), higher education level (<em>OR</em> = 1.22, <em>p</em> = .009) and a stronger patient-rated working alliance (<em>OR</em> = 1.72, <em>p</em> = .047) with the therapist predicted higher treatment attendance. Conversely, inadequate social support from friends (<em>OR</em> = 0.90, <em>p</em> = .042) and concurrent PD treatment and trauma-focused treatment (<em>OR</em> = 0.52, <em>p</em> = .022) were associated with lower treatment attendance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this constitutes the first study investigating predictors of treatment attendance in patients with PTSD and comorbid PDs. The results highlight the complexity of pinpointing reliable predictors. Nevertheless, the identification of five predictors provides valuable insights, aiding clinicians in customizing treatment strategies for individual patients and enhancing overall treatment attendance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000671/pdfft?md5=9c1b24933c2d76b5fc402e50c786cc5e&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000671-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152515
Barone Eugenia , Carfagno Marco , Marafioti Niccolò , Bello Rosaria , Arsenio Eleonora , Marone Luigi , Volpicelli Antonio , Cascino Giammarco , Monteleone Alessio Maria
Introduction
Childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse (EA), has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). This study investigated the association between EA and ED symptoms while considering multiple potential mediators.
Methods
Participants included 151 individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 115 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and 108 healthy controls. The Childhood trauma questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia scale, the Behavioral inhibition System, and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 scale were completed before treatment. A mediator path model was conducted in each group: EA was set as independent variable, eating symptoms as dependent variables and ineffectiveness, sensitivity to punishment, alexithymia, and impulsivity as mediators.
Results
In individuals with AN, impulsivity emerged as a significant mediator between EA and desire for thinness and bulimic behaviors. Conversely, in individuals with BN, sensitivity to punishment was found to mediate the association between EA and dissatisfaction with one's body.
Ineffectiveness and difficulty identifying emotions were identified as transdiagnostic mediators in both clinical groups. No mediation effect was found in healthy individuals.
Discussion
The simultaneous assessment of multiple mediators in a unique model outlines the complex interplay between childhood EA and ED psychopathology. Improving ineffectiveness, emotion identification, sensitivity to punishment and impulsivity and exploring their relations with early emotional abuse may represent treatment targets in individuals with EDs and childhood trauma.
导言:童年时期的虐待,尤其是情感虐待(EA),已被确认为进食障碍(ED)发病的重要风险因素。本研究调查了情感虐待与进食障碍症状之间的关系,同时考虑了多种潜在的中介因素:参与者包括 151 名神经性厌食症(AN)患者、115 名神经性贪食症(BN)患者和 108 名健康对照者。治疗前完成童年创伤问卷、多伦多亚历山大量表、行为抑制系统和饮食失调量表 2。每组都建立了一个中介路径模型:将进食障碍作为自变量,进食症状作为因变量,无效性、对惩罚的敏感性、亚历山大症和冲动性作为中介变量:结果:在 AN 患者中,冲动是 EA 与瘦身欲望和暴食行为之间的重要中介因素。相反,在 BN 患者中,对惩罚的敏感性被认为是 EA 与对自己身体不满意之间的中介因素。在这两个临床群体中,无效性和难以识别情绪被认为是跨诊断的中介因素。在健康人中未发现中介效应:讨论:在一个独特的模型中同时评估多个中介因素,勾勒出了童年情绪情感障碍与 ED 精神病理学之间复杂的相互作用。改善无效性、情绪识别、对惩罚的敏感性和冲动性,并探索它们与早期情绪虐待的关系,可能是患有 ED 和童年创伤的个体的治疗目标。
{"title":"Impact of emotional abuse on eating disorder psychopathology: A multiple mediation analysis","authors":"Barone Eugenia , Carfagno Marco , Marafioti Niccolò , Bello Rosaria , Arsenio Eleonora , Marone Luigi , Volpicelli Antonio , Cascino Giammarco , Monteleone Alessio Maria","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse (EA), has been identified as a significant risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). This study investigated the association between EA and ED symptoms while considering multiple potential mediators.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants included 151 individuals with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 115 with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and 108 healthy controls. The Childhood trauma questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia scale, the Behavioral inhibition System, and the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 scale were completed before treatment. A mediator path model was conducted in each group: EA was set as independent variable, eating symptoms as dependent variables and ineffectiveness, sensitivity to punishment, alexithymia, and impulsivity as mediators.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In individuals with AN, impulsivity emerged as a significant mediator between EA and desire for thinness and bulimic behaviors. Conversely, in individuals with BN, sensitivity to punishment was found to mediate the association between EA and dissatisfaction with one's body.</p><p>Ineffectiveness and difficulty identifying emotions were identified as transdiagnostic mediators in both clinical groups. No mediation effect was found in healthy individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The simultaneous assessment of multiple mediators in a unique model outlines the complex interplay between childhood EA and ED psychopathology. Improving ineffectiveness, emotion identification, sensitivity to punishment and impulsivity and exploring their relations with early emotional abuse may represent treatment targets in individuals with EDs and childhood trauma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X2400066X/pdfft?md5=38dd5c371ea2a94b49b49e46ee00bdc1&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X2400066X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152514
Weixi Kang , Jeggan Tiego , Peter J. Hellyer , William Trender , Jon E. Grant , Samuel R. Chamberlain , Adam Hampshire
Background
The five-factor model of personality, as quantified using instruments such as the Big Five Inventory, consists of broad personality domains including Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism (emotional instability), and Openness. Such instruments typically include >40 items. However, instruments with many items can be unwieldly and a cause of measurement error in clinical and cohort studies where multiple scales are sequenced. Conversely, established 5- and 10-item versions of the Big Five Inventory have poor reliability. Here, we developed and validated an abbreviated 18-item Big Five Inventory that balances efficiency, reliability and sensitivity.
Method
We analysed three datasets (N = 59,797, N = 21,177, and N = 87,983) from individuals who participated in the online Great British Intelligence Test (GBIT) study, a collaborative citizen science project with BBC2 Horizon. We applied factor analyses (FA), predictive normative modelling, and one-sample t-tests to validate the 18-item version of the Big Five and to investigate its associations with psychiatric and neurological conditions.
Results
The 18-item version of the Big Five Inventory had higher validity and retest reliability compared to the other previously shortened versions in the literature, with comparable demographic associations to the full Big Five Inventory. It exhibited strong (i.e. large effect size) associations with psychiatric conditions, and moderate (small-medium) associations with neurological conditions. Neuroticism (emotional instability) was substantially higher in all psychiatric conditions, whereas Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion showed differential associations across conditions.
Conclusion
The newly validated 18-item version of the Big Five provides a convenient means of measuring personality traits that is suitable for deployment in a range of studies. It retains psychometric structure, retest reliability and clinical-group sensitivity, as compared to the full original scale.
{"title":"Validation of an abbreviated Big Five personality inventory at large population scale: Psychometric structure and associations with common psychiatric and neurological disorders","authors":"Weixi Kang , Jeggan Tiego , Peter J. Hellyer , William Trender , Jon E. Grant , Samuel R. Chamberlain , Adam Hampshire","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The five-factor model of personality, as quantified using instruments such as the Big Five Inventory, consists of broad personality domains including Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism (emotional instability), and Openness. Such instruments typically include >40 items. However, instruments with many items can be unwieldly and a cause of measurement error in clinical and cohort studies where multiple scales are sequenced. Conversely, established 5- and 10-item versions of the Big Five Inventory have poor reliability. Here, we developed and validated an abbreviated 18-item Big Five Inventory that balances efficiency, reliability and sensitivity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We analysed three datasets (<em>N</em> = 59,797, <em>N</em> = 21,177, and <em>N</em> = 87,983) from individuals who participated in the online Great British Intelligence Test (GBIT) study, a collaborative citizen science project with BBC2 Horizon. We applied factor analyses (FA), predictive normative modelling, and one-sample <em>t</em>-tests to validate the 18-item version of the Big Five and to investigate its associations with psychiatric and neurological conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The 18-item version of the Big Five Inventory had higher validity and retest reliability compared to the other previously shortened versions in the literature, with comparable demographic associations to the full Big Five Inventory. It exhibited strong (i.e. large effect size) associations with psychiatric conditions, and moderate (small-medium) associations with neurological conditions. Neuroticism (emotional instability) was substantially higher in all psychiatric conditions, whereas Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion showed differential associations across conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The newly validated 18-item version of the Big Five provides a convenient means of measuring personality traits that is suitable for deployment in a range of studies. It retains psychometric structure, retest reliability and clinical-group sensitivity, as compared to the full original scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000658/pdfft?md5=9d6d24ff6cb3a99f7b494aa0f171aec2&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000658-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problematic online behaviours are a concern among university students. Although previous research has identified that psychological distress, cognitive distortions, conscientiousness and neuroticism traits, motor impulsivity, and emotion regulation strategies have a significant direct effect on generalised problematic Internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), and problematic online gaming (POG), it is still necessary to determine the extent to which these psychological factors, taken together, are associated with each of the problematic online behaviours. In a sample of 690 Spanish university students, the present study examined the relationship of these psychological factors with GPIU, PSMU, and POG. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results reported that (1) high psychological distress, low conscientiousness trait and high motor impulsivity were common associated factors of GPIU and PSMU, but not of POG; (2) high levels of cognitive distortions and cognitive reappraisal were common associated factors of GPIU, PSMU and POG; and (3) expressive suppression and neuroticism trait had no effect on any of the three problematic online behaviours. The findings will help to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies for each problematic online behaviour in the university context.
{"title":"Similarities and differences in the psychological factors associated with generalised problematic internet use, problematic social media use, and problematic online gaming","authors":"Magdalena Sánchez-Fernández , Mercedes Borda-Mas , Zsolt Horvath , Zsolt Demetrovics","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Problematic online behaviours are a concern among university students. Although previous research has identified that psychological distress, cognitive distortions, conscientiousness and neuroticism traits, motor impulsivity, and emotion regulation strategies have a significant direct effect on generalised problematic Internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), and problematic online gaming (POG), it is still necessary to determine the extent to which these psychological factors, taken together, are associated with each of the problematic online behaviours. In a sample of 690 Spanish university students, the present study examined the relationship of these psychological factors with GPIU, PSMU, and POG. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. Results reported that (1) high psychological distress, low conscientiousness trait and high motor impulsivity were common associated factors of GPIU and PSMU, but not of POG; (2) high levels of cognitive distortions and cognitive reappraisal were common associated factors of GPIU, PSMU and POG; and (3) expressive suppression and neuroticism trait had no effect on any of the three problematic online behaviours. The findings will help to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies for each problematic online behaviour in the university context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152512"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000634/pdfft?md5=d7c426c82625e370c374017ce1c06162&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000634-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152513
Viktória Bodó , Zsolt Horváth , Borbála Paksi , Andrea Eisinger , Katalin Felvinczi , Zsolt Demetrovics , Bernadette Kun
Background: Several studies have explored the relationship between personality and work addiction, suggesting that individuals with certain mental disorders, including personality disorders such as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), may be more prone to work addiction. However, the characterization of personality organization (PO) among workaholics and its contribution to the persistence of work addiction remains unclear. Methods: In this longitudinal study of a representative sample of young adults (N = 1748), we applied the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and the Inventory of Personality Organization. Results: We found significant correlations between work addiction and identity diffusion, primitive psychological defenses, reality testing, and overall personality disorganization across three waves. A latent class growth analysis revealed three profiles: no work addiction, increasing work addiction, and constant moderate work addiction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of personality disorganization in wave 1 and increases in personality disorganization between waves 1 and 3 were associated with higher odds of belonging to the increasing work addiction group. Similarly, higher overall personality disorganization in wave 1 was associated with higher odds of belonging to the constant moderate work addiction group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with chronic work addiction have lower levels of PO, and PO declines as work addiction persists. Screenings for work addiction are recommended to prevent potential mental health issues. Future research should explore the influence of workplace characteristics and work motivations on the association between work addiction and personality disorders.
背景:一些研究探讨了人格与工作成瘾之间的关系,认为患有某些精神障碍(包括强迫性人格障碍等人格障碍)的人可能更容易工作成瘾。然而,工作狂的人格组织(PO)特征及其对工作成瘾持续性的贡献仍不清楚:在这项对具有代表性的年轻成人样本(N = 1748)进行的纵向研究中,我们采用了卑尔根工作成瘾量表和人格组织量表:结果:我们发现,工作成瘾与身份扩散、原始心理防御、现实测试和整体人格混乱之间在三个波次中存在明显的相关性。通过潜类增长分析,我们发现了三种情况:无工作成瘾、工作成瘾加剧和持续中度工作成瘾。多项式逻辑回归分析表明,第一波中人格混乱程度较高以及第一波和第三波之间人格混乱程度的增加与属于工作成瘾增加组的几率较高有关。同样,第1波中总体人格混乱程度较高与属于恒定中度工作成瘾组的几率较高有关:这些研究结果表明,长期工作成瘾者的 PO 水平较低,随着工作成瘾的持续,PO 水平也会下降。建议进行工作成瘾筛查,以预防潜在的心理健康问题。未来的研究应探讨工作场所特征和工作动机对工作成瘾与人格障碍之间关系的影响。
{"title":"Work addiction and personality organization: Results from a representative, three-wave longitudinal study","authors":"Viktória Bodó , Zsolt Horváth , Borbála Paksi , Andrea Eisinger , Katalin Felvinczi , Zsolt Demetrovics , Bernadette Kun","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Background: Several studies have explored the relationship between personality and work addiction, suggesting that individuals with certain mental disorders, including personality disorders such as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), may be more prone to work addiction. However, the characterization of personality organization (PO) among workaholics and its contribution to the persistence of work addiction remains unclear. Methods: In this longitudinal study of a representative sample of young adults (<em>N</em> = 1748), we applied the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and the Inventory of Personality Organization. Results: We found significant correlations between work addiction and identity diffusion, primitive psychological defenses, reality testing, and overall personality disorganization across three waves. A latent class growth analysis revealed three profiles: no work addiction, increasing work addiction, and constant moderate work addiction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of personality disorganization in wave 1 and increases in personality disorganization between waves 1 and 3 were associated with higher odds of belonging to the increasing work addiction group. Similarly, higher overall personality disorganization in wave 1 was associated with higher odds of belonging to the constant moderate work addiction group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with chronic work addiction have lower levels of PO, and PO declines as work addiction persists. Screenings for work addiction are recommended to prevent potential mental health issues. Future research should explore the influence of workplace characteristics and work motivations on the association between work addiction and personality disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000646/pdfft?md5=07c1413693de1faa5eb96d55964894e5&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000646-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152510
Sarah C. Grossen , Amanda L. Arbuckle , Emily C. Bihun , Jonathan M. Koller , David Y. Song , Angela M. Reiersen , Bradley L. Schlaggar , Deanna J. Greene , Kevin J. Black
Background
Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) is common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians is that PTD is short-lived and mild, with at most a few tics, and rarely includes complex tics, premonitory phenomena or comorbid illnesses. However, such conclusions come from clinical experience, with biased ascertainment and limited follow-up.
Methods
Prospective study of 89 children with tics starting 0–9 months ago (median 4 months), fewer than half from clinical sources. Follow-up at 12 (± 24, 36, 48) months after the first tic.
Results
At study entry, many children had ADHD (39), an anxiety disorder (27), OCD (9) or enuresis (17). All had at least two current tics, with a mean total since onset of 6.9 motor and 2.0 phonic tics. Forty-one had experienced a complex tic, and 69 could suppress some tics. Tics were clinically meaningful: 64 had tics severe enough for a clinical trial, and 76 families sought medical attention for the tics.
At 12 months, 79 returned, and 78 still had tics. Of these, 29 manifested no tics during history and extended examination, but only via audio-visual monitoring when the child was seated alone. Only 12/70 now had plans to see a doctor for tics. Most who returned at 2–4 years still had tics known to the child and family, but medical impact was low.
Conclusions
Our results do not contradict previous data, but overturn clinical lore. The data strongly argue against the longstanding but arbitrary tradition of separating tic disorders into recent-onset versus chronic.
{"title":"We've all been wrong about provisional tic disorder","authors":"Sarah C. Grossen , Amanda L. Arbuckle , Emily C. Bihun , Jonathan M. Koller , David Y. Song , Angela M. Reiersen , Bradley L. Schlaggar , Deanna J. Greene , Kevin J. Black","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) is common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians is that PTD is short-lived and mild, with at most a few tics, and rarely includes complex tics, premonitory phenomena or comorbid illnesses. However, such conclusions come from clinical experience, with biased ascertainment and limited follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prospective study of 89 children with tics starting 0–9 months ago (median 4 months), fewer than half from clinical sources. Follow-up at 12 (± 24, 36, 48) months after the first tic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At study entry, many children had ADHD (39), an anxiety disorder (27), OCD (9) or enuresis (17). All had at least two current tics, with a mean total since onset of 6.9 motor and 2.0 phonic tics. Forty-one had experienced a complex tic, and 69 could suppress some tics. Tics were clinically meaningful: 64 had tics severe enough for a clinical trial, and 76 families sought medical attention for the tics.</p><p>At 12 months, 79 returned, and 78 still had tics. Of these, 29 manifested no tics during history and extended examination, but only <em>via</em> audio-visual monitoring when the child was seated alone. Only 12/70 now had plans to see a doctor for tics. Most who returned at 2–4 years still had tics known to the child and family, but medical impact was low.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results do not contradict previous data, but overturn clinical lore. The data strongly argue against the longstanding but arbitrary tradition of separating tic disorders into recent-onset <em>versus</em> chronic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000610/pdfft?md5=61fd9091c12047ff8f118725c0e81c02&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000610-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during adolescence can lead to psychotic disorders. Digital media usage has been suggested to link to PLEs, but research is limited on how different types of screen exposure may differentially relate to PLEs over time. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between screen usage patterns and PLEs in adolescents.
Methods
Participants comprised 11,876 adolescents assessed annually from ages 9–12 years as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD). Screen usage (TV, video games, online video, social media, texting, video chat) and PLEs were assessed via self-report. Longitudinal network analysis models were estimated to examine connections between screen usage types and PLEs across three time points.
Results
Two clusters were formed, including digital media for socializing (e.g., social media/texting/video chat) and digital media for entertainment (e.g., online video/video games/TV). Texting and online video(s) had the highest centrality at each time point, suggesting importance in the network. PLE symptoms of hallucinations and concentration difficulties exhibited higher centrality than other symptoms. Online video and TV were influential bridges between screen usage and PLEs. Network structure significantly differed between ages 9–10 and 10–12 years, but global strength was unchanged over time.
Discussion
Results highlight the importance of understanding the associations between specific screen usage types and PLE symptoms. Texting and online video usage appear most influential in the development of adolescent PLEs over time. Findings can inform targeted interventions to promote healthy screen habits and reduce PLEs in at-risk youth.
{"title":"Pixels and perception: Mapping the association between digital media and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents","authors":"Kaiden Hein , Daniel Zarate , Tyrone Burleigh , Vasileios Stavropoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during adolescence can lead to psychotic disorders. Digital media usage has been suggested to link to PLEs, but research is limited on how different types of screen exposure may differentially relate to PLEs over time. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between screen usage patterns and PLEs in adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants comprised 11,876 adolescents assessed annually from ages 9–12 years as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD). Screen usage (TV, video games, online video, social media, texting, video chat) and PLEs were assessed via self-report. Longitudinal network analysis models were estimated to examine connections between screen usage types and PLEs across three time points.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two clusters were formed, including <em>digital media for socializing</em> (e.g., social media/texting/video chat) and <em>digital media for entertainment</em> (e.g., online video/video games/TV). Texting and online video(s) had the highest centrality at each time point, suggesting importance in the network. PLE symptoms of hallucinations and concentration difficulties exhibited higher centrality than other symptoms. Online video and TV were influential bridges between screen usage and PLEs. Network structure significantly differed between ages 9–10 and 10–12 years, but global strength was unchanged over time.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Results highlight the importance of understanding the associations between specific screen usage types and PLE symptoms. Texting and online video usage appear most influential in the development of adolescent PLEs over time. Findings can inform targeted interventions to promote healthy screen habits and reduce PLEs in at-risk youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 152509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X24000609/pdfft?md5=6d79fbd7d90d727d10b32f9cb11c6217&pid=1-s2.0-S0010440X24000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}