Contemporary Clinical Dentistry最新文献

Background: Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide and the sixth most common type of all cancer in India. Among the oral malignancies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancer and hence a significant public health concern.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological and demographic profiling of OSCC in a district and adjacent area of lower Assam.

Settings and design: This was a retrospective observational study.

Materials and methods: A total of 140 histologically confirmed OSCC patients diagnosed at the Regional Cancer Centre in the district between the period 2022 April and 2023 October constitute our study sample size in this study. The duration of the study was 1½ years.

Statistical analysis: The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 was used.

Results: OSCC constitutes 23.97% of head-and-neck cancer. The incidence of OSCC was higher in males. The highest number of patients was in the age group of 50-59. The most common site of OSCC was the buccal mucosa followed by the tongue. Most of the cases were well differentiated, the number being 82 (58.57%). Most of the patients were in Stage III and Stage IV.

Conclusions: The present study highlights that in the lower Assam region, the majority of the OSCC patients are middle-aged male patients with advanced stages of OSCC. The findings from the present study can be used to compare the scenario of OSCC in other parts of Assam and North East India and also can be used for a follow-up study.

The inclusion of precision medicine in medical education represents a paradigm shift, as it is expected to transform the way in which health care will be delivered to patients in future. This shift is predominantly reported as precision medicine strongly advocates for the delivery of personalized care to patients after giving due consideration to the genetic makeup, biomarker level, etc., of the individual patient. Medical professionals are expected to discharge a wide range of roles since the introduction of precision medicine in the health-care industry. Training of medical students and health professionals in the domain of precision medicine is expected to significantly influence patient outcomes and enhance the efficiency of the health-care sector. In conclusion, precision medicine is expected to have a huge impact on medical professionals and the health sector, it is the need of the hour to strengthen its implementation process across medical colleges and health-care facilities.

In the field of clinical training, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) generally deal with those activities that health-care professionals will be encountering in their routine practice, and thus exposure to these activities prepares them for their future clinical practice. Workplace-based assessment tools have been used to assess the progress of medical students across these defined EPAs. The act of development of EPAs essentially requires the adoption of a systematic process to identify and define the core tasks and responsibilities that medical students must be able to perform independently in a specific specialty. The process of integration of EPAs into the medical school curriculum essentially requires systematic planning and implementation to ensure that students get an adequate number of opportunities to develop and demonstrate the desired competencies. In conclusion, EPAs provide an excellent framework for transforming medical education by preparing medical students to be ready for the complexities of health-care delivery.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), first described by Steensland in 1905, are benign, slowly enlarging, nonaggressive, odontogenic epithelial neoplasms comprising 3%-7% of all odontogenic tumors. They tend to originate from the dental lamina remnants or the reduced enamel epithelium. Mutation at codon 12 of KRAS oncogene (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis. AOTs demonstrate three clinicopathological spectrums, namely follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. The extrafollicular AOTs are hypothesized to originate from a stimulus triggering the dental lamina remnants. While intraosseous follicular AOTs are fairly common (70.8%), the extrafollicular counterparts are infrequent (24%), and novel entities that may mimic other lesions due to the absence of tooth inside. Herein, we elucidate a series of five unique extrafollicular AOT cases with a relevant emphasis on its pathogenesis and clinico-radiological aspects. This report aims to add another significant record to the literature pertaining to the compilation of extrafollicular AOTs.

This article outlines the orthodontic treatment of a 21-year-old female patient with an open bite and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) that developed after a severe car accident. The treatment plan utilized temporary anchorage devices (TADs) for upper molar intrusion to correct the open bite without resorting to orthognathic surgery. Over a period of 3 years, the treatment achieved a stable occlusion, normalized molar relationships, and improved esthetics. Despite the persistent of TMD symptoms, the patient experienced enhanced jaw movement and a reduction in abnormal chewing cycles. The combination of orthodontic treatment with TADs and splint therapy contributed to successfully restoring both esthetic and functional aspects. This case underscores the efficacy of TADs in addressing trauma-induced malocclusions, highlighting the potential for minimal intervention to achieve comprehensive treatment outcomes.

Dental students often prefer social media for its accessibility and low cost but must critically evaluate the content before applying it in practice. This study analyzed YouTube content on socket shielding. A new Google account was created to search for "Socket Shield Technique" and "Partial Extraction Therapy." Eligible videos were assessed for quality using the Global Quality (GQ) tool and the DISCERN tool. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results showed an average of 28.35 likes per video, no dislikes, and substandard content indicated by a DISCERN score of 25.25 ± 2.4 and a GQ score of 1.82 ± 0.38. The study concludes that video content on socket shielding is not reliable, emphasizing the importance of clinical observation and hands-on practice.

Introduction: There is a scarcity of studies in which both alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption are simultaneously assessed and compared against possible influencing factors such as rate of retraction and change in inclination. The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the alveolar bone thickness and root length of the maxillary anterior teeth after retraction and correlate it to the potential influencing factors, namely rate of retraction and change in inclination.

Subjects and methods: Ten patients requiring upper premolar extraction as part of their treatment were included in the study. Alveolar bone and root length changes were measured using cone beam computed tomography and the rate of retraction and change in inclination were assessed using lateral cephalograms. Two readings: Preretraction and postretraction were taken. Statistical analysis was done using Paired rank t-test and Spearman's rank correlation tests. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results and conclusions: The labial alveolar bone thickness showed an increase, whereas the palatal and total alveolar bone thickness showed a decrease. Root resorption was observed in all teeth. Alveolar bone changes showed a positive correlation to the rate of retraction and a negative correlation to the change in inclination. The root length change showed a positive correlation to the change in inclination.

Fibrous histiocytoma is a benign soft-tissue neoplasm that commonly involves the dermis. It is rare in the oral cavity. This lesion creates a diagnostic dilemma due to its nonspecific clinical appearance and microscopic similarities with other benign fibrous tissue lesions. Microscopically, it shows the proliferation of both spindle-shaped fibroblasts and histiocytes. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice with a good prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to report a rare case of gingival benign fibrous histiocytoma occurring in an 11-year-old female patient. The diagnosis of this lesion is based on combined clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features.

Objectives: The present study evaluated hard- and soft-tissue changes in immediate implants using flapless approach with and without demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) clinically and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods: Thirty-two sites in patients requiring immediate implants in the maxillary anterior region including the premolars were grouped according to the treatment provided with (test group) or without (control group) DFDBA. Plaque index, probing depth, soft-tissue assessment using Testori Esthetic Score (TS), and ridge width were recorded at baseline and postoperatively at 6 and 12 months, while crestal bone height (CBH), buccal bone thickness (BBT), jump space (JS), and gingival thickness were evaluated using CBCT at baseline and 12 months.

Results: Considerable differences among the different time lines and the groups in favor of the test group were prominently seen on the midfacial aspects at 12 months, with CBH values of -0.28 ± 0.17 mm in the test group as compared to -0.78 ± 0.34 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The JS was maximum on the buccal aspects being 1.42 ± 0.87 mm in the test group and 1.12 ± 0.81 mm in the control group which reduced at 12 months to 0.13 ± 0.35 mm and 0.73 ± 0.79 mm, respectively.

Conclusion: Immediate implants with DFDBA augmentation using a flapless protocol demonstrated reduced CBH with resolution of JS and increased BBT, especially at the coronal aspects which influence the tissue stability and overall esthetics.