Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811001
Nadeem N. Rather, R. Simorangkir, J. Buckley, B. O’flynn
This paper presents a 6-bit 25 mm×25 mm×0.4 mm chipless RFID tag based on square ring resonators. The tag is designed and developed using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and conductive fabric composite, resulting in a flexible, semitransparent, and biocompatible chipless RFID tag, which is suitable for the unobtrusive modern wireless identification and monitoring systems. The tag data is decoded using the monostatic Radar Cross Section method. The tag design is validated with free-space measurements showing a good agreement with simulated results.
{"title":"Flexible and Semi-transparent Chipless RFID Tag based on PDMS-Conductive Fabric Composite","authors":"Nadeem N. Rather, R. Simorangkir, J. Buckley, B. O’flynn","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 6-bit 25 mm×25 mm×0.4 mm chipless RFID tag based on square ring resonators. The tag is designed and developed using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and conductive fabric composite, resulting in a flexible, semitransparent, and biocompatible chipless RFID tag, which is suitable for the unobtrusive modern wireless identification and monitoring systems. The tag data is decoded using the monostatic Radar Cross Section method. The tag design is validated with free-space measurements showing a good agreement with simulated results.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811006
Kota Hakamata, Kleisuke Miyashita, Leito Yokoe, S. Makino, K. Itoh
A metasurface-inspired antenna chip developed by KIT EOE Laboratory (MACKEY), which operates in free space and on a metal plate, was investigated in this study. We proposed a method for reducing the size of MACKEY II in the 920 MHz band to the size of a credit card.
{"title":"A Method for Reducing the Size of MACKEY II Antenna Using Slits","authors":"Kota Hakamata, Kleisuke Miyashita, Leito Yokoe, S. Makino, K. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811006","url":null,"abstract":"A metasurface-inspired antenna chip developed by KIT EOE Laboratory (MACKEY), which operates in free space and on a metal plate, was investigated in this study. We proposed a method for reducing the size of MACKEY II in the 920 MHz band to the size of a credit card.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811059
M. Norooziarab, S. Bulja, R. Cahill, Rose Kopf, M. Cappuzzo, A. Tate
In this paper, the feasibility of exploiting the dielectric tunability of a novel tuneable material, namely Electro Chromic (EC) material, to construct a reflectarray unit cell is demonstrated for the first time. In this regard, the design of an EC-based reflectarray unit cell which provides electronic control of the reflection phase at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The unit cell is an aperture-coupled microstrip patch which exhibits a maximum reflection phase shift of about Δϕ = 133° at the center frequency of fc = 299.7 GHz.
{"title":"Electro Chromic-Based Unit Cell for Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Reflectarrays","authors":"M. Norooziarab, S. Bulja, R. Cahill, Rose Kopf, M. Cappuzzo, A. Tate","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811059","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the feasibility of exploiting the dielectric tunability of a novel tuneable material, namely Electro Chromic (EC) material, to construct a reflectarray unit cell is demonstrated for the first time. In this regard, the design of an EC-based reflectarray unit cell which provides electronic control of the reflection phase at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The unit cell is an aperture-coupled microstrip patch which exhibits a maximum reflection phase shift of about Δϕ = 133° at the center frequency of fc = 299.7 GHz.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116039783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9810998
Ruolei Xu, Zhi Ning Chen
This paper discusses the fundamental issues of the application of transformation-optics (TO) technique to the volume reduction of Luneburg lens (LL). The issue how to keep the invariance of Maxwell’s equation after TO implementation is addressed. The invariance is the key to keep the focal plane of lens on or near the lens surface after the transformation. Well known, the focus location shift away from the lens surface results in a limited volume reduction, severe reflection from the transformed lens surface, and limited scanning range with increased spillover loss. After theoretical study, two designs based on the TO are exemplified to show how to realize zero-focal or near-surface focal LL antennas. One flat LL antenna is first introduced to achieve the volume reduction of whole antenna by 2/3 using three-dimensional printing metamaterials. Then a hemispherical LL antenna is presented to show the wide beamscanning range and easy fabrication using multi-layered metamaterials when a near-surface focal plane is achieved.
{"title":"Note on Transformation-Optics-Based Flat Metamaterial Luneburg Lens Antenna with Zero-Focal Plane","authors":"Ruolei Xu, Zhi Ning Chen","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9810998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9810998","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the fundamental issues of the application of transformation-optics (TO) technique to the volume reduction of Luneburg lens (LL). The issue how to keep the invariance of Maxwell’s equation after TO implementation is addressed. The invariance is the key to keep the focal plane of lens on or near the lens surface after the transformation. Well known, the focus location shift away from the lens surface results in a limited volume reduction, severe reflection from the transformed lens surface, and limited scanning range with increased spillover loss. After theoretical study, two designs based on the TO are exemplified to show how to realize zero-focal or near-surface focal LL antennas. One flat LL antenna is first introduced to achieve the volume reduction of whole antenna by 2/3 using three-dimensional printing metamaterials. Then a hemispherical LL antenna is presented to show the wide beamscanning range and easy fabrication using multi-layered metamaterials when a near-surface focal plane is achieved.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129754813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811050
M. S. Ahmad Azhari, S. Azemi, M. D. Ghazali, H. Majid
A detailed study on the design of antenna techniques equipped with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications is done. Compact in size, wide bandwidth, and high gain are the antenna parameters to be considered for best penetration quality in GPR applications. Among the many existing antennae for these applications, a comparative study on five different design techniques is presented. The five different designs including Vivaldi Shape, Wide Slot, Wheel Shaped, Dual Notch, and Bowtie Shape are compared concerning physical dimensions and their performances which consists of operating frequency, S11, Gain, and Impedance Bandwidth. Among these five designs, the Vivaldi and wheel-shaped outperform the others concerning considered parameters. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is also highly preferred to enhance the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The use of a Co-planar monopole antenna for GPR applications is also suggested.
{"title":"A Review of Various Antenna Design Methods for Ground Penetrating Radar","authors":"M. S. Ahmad Azhari, S. Azemi, M. D. Ghazali, H. Majid","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811050","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed study on the design of antenna techniques equipped with Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications is done. Compact in size, wide bandwidth, and high gain are the antenna parameters to be considered for best penetration quality in GPR applications. Among the many existing antennae for these applications, a comparative study on five different design techniques is presented. The five different designs including Vivaldi Shape, Wide Slot, Wheel Shaped, Dual Notch, and Bowtie Shape are compared concerning physical dimensions and their performances which consists of operating frequency, S11, Gain, and Impedance Bandwidth. Among these five designs, the Vivaldi and wheel-shaped outperform the others concerning considered parameters. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is also highly preferred to enhance the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. The use of a Co-planar monopole antenna for GPR applications is also suggested.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121599047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811054
Axel Hoffmann, D. Manteuffel
A method is proposed to design a metasurface applying characteristic modes by decomposition of the scattered farfield. The additional insight into the behavior of the metasurface structure gained by the modal analysis is utilized to further optimize the unit cells of a period of the metasurface that allows anomalous reflection into a predefined direction from a normal incident wave. It is shown that the proposed method works for metal backed dielectric containing metal patches as unit cells.
{"title":"Investigation of Modeling of Anomalous Reflecting Metasurfaces Using Characteristic Modes","authors":"Axel Hoffmann, D. Manteuffel","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811054","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed to design a metasurface applying characteristic modes by decomposition of the scattered farfield. The additional insight into the behavior of the metasurface structure gained by the modal analysis is utilized to further optimize the unit cells of a period of the metasurface that allows anomalous reflection into a predefined direction from a normal incident wave. It is shown that the proposed method works for metal backed dielectric containing metal patches as unit cells.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124379989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811015
V. Kirillov, P. Turalchuk
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the nonlinear distortions in the transmitarray unit cell caused by the control element. The model of a unit cell with a one-bit PIN diode phase shifter was developed, to evaluate the loss and third-order intermodulation products dependencies on an applied voltage. The unit cell was manufactured and measured to prove the model simulation results. Measurements results of the transmission coefficient modules and third-order intermodulation products level as function of input power for different bias voltages are in a good agreement with the simulated results. It allows using this model for the estimation of the linear and nonlinear performance of the transmitarray.
{"title":"A Generalized Nonlinear Model of 1-bit PIN-diode Based Transmitarray Unit Cell","authors":"V. Kirillov, P. Turalchuk","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an analysis of the nonlinear distortions in the transmitarray unit cell caused by the control element. The model of a unit cell with a one-bit PIN diode phase shifter was developed, to evaluate the loss and third-order intermodulation products dependencies on an applied voltage. The unit cell was manufactured and measured to prove the model simulation results. Measurements results of the transmission coefficient modules and third-order intermodulation products level as function of input power for different bias voltages are in a good agreement with the simulated results. It allows using this model for the estimation of the linear and nonlinear performance of the transmitarray.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132125964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811080
A. D. Prasetyo, D. Hamdani, A. Munir
This paper deals with the bandwidth enhancement of a compact printed antenna with an ovoidal patch incorporated with an ovoidal window on its groundplane. A relative position of the sharp-end of the ovoidal patch to the windowed groundplane is altered to investigate its influence to the bandwidth response. The original ovoidal patch was rotated in 180o, followed by rotating the ovoidal windowed groundplane. This reciprocal position improves the antenna performance where the bandwidth percentage increases up to approximately 49%. The fabricated antenna works at the frequency range of 3.20–19.62 GHz or with the bandwidth percentage of 207%. The measured radiation patterns at the frequencies of 4 GHz, 8 GHz, and 17 GHz show good agreements with the simulated ones. This configuration has provided a maximum gain of 7.98 dBi at the frequency of 11 GHz.
{"title":"Characterization of Compact Ovoidal Printed Antenna with Windowed Groundplane","authors":"A. D. Prasetyo, D. Hamdani, A. Munir","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811080","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the bandwidth enhancement of a compact printed antenna with an ovoidal patch incorporated with an ovoidal window on its groundplane. A relative position of the sharp-end of the ovoidal patch to the windowed groundplane is altered to investigate its influence to the bandwidth response. The original ovoidal patch was rotated in 180o, followed by rotating the ovoidal windowed groundplane. This reciprocal position improves the antenna performance where the bandwidth percentage increases up to approximately 49%. The fabricated antenna works at the frequency range of 3.20–19.62 GHz or with the bandwidth percentage of 207%. The measured radiation patterns at the frequencies of 4 GHz, 8 GHz, and 17 GHz show good agreements with the simulated ones. This configuration has provided a maximum gain of 7.98 dBi at the frequency of 11 GHz.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134108344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811083
Casey White, H. Raad, Khaled Abded, Wilbur Walters, Ali J. Alqaraghuli
With the rise of wireless devices operating in extreme environments, the desire for mechanically robust antennas is increasing. Vinyl-print antenna technology offers resonance profiles that are robust to bending and flexing. A highly directive, slot fed, vinyl based printed small-scale Yagi Uda antenna is designed, fabricated and characterized for applications that suit extreme degrees of bending, which prior to bending achieved an S11 of -19 dB, 18.75% bandwidth, and a >9 dBi directivity. The effects on bending are compared between simulation and fabrication in the results.
{"title":"Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Slot-Fed Flexible Vinyl-Printed Yagi-Uda Antenna for CubeSat Applications","authors":"Casey White, H. Raad, Khaled Abded, Wilbur Walters, Ali J. Alqaraghuli","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811083","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of wireless devices operating in extreme environments, the desire for mechanically robust antennas is increasing. Vinyl-print antenna technology offers resonance profiles that are robust to bending and flexing. A highly directive, slot fed, vinyl based printed small-scale Yagi Uda antenna is designed, fabricated and characterized for applications that suit extreme degrees of bending, which prior to bending achieved an S11 of -19 dB, 18.75% bandwidth, and a >9 dBi directivity. The effects on bending are compared between simulation and fabrication in the results.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115994652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811011
E. Fernandez-Aranzamendi, E. San-roman, P. Castillo‐Araníbar, Luz-Ventura, V. González-Posadas, D. Segovia-Vargas
Differentiating the dielectric properties of the breast between healthy and cancerous tissues is essential to contribute to the early detection studies of breast cancer. There are not many reports based on in vivo and ex vivo dielectric measurements on breasts with tumor. In addition, women show high variability of dielectric parameters between breast tissues (skin, fat, gland, and tumors). This study focuses on the measurement and analysis of breast and tumor tissues in vivo and ex vivo, over a frequency range of 1 to 8 GHz, based on dielectric protocol measurement, using an open coaxial probe. The result led to make a tumor classification (early, middle, and advanced), size and type. These measurements were made in mastectomy and lumpectomy surgeries, considering the same pressure for each group of measurements through a regulated pressure system, with a temperature varies from 22 to 27 degrees, all these measurement and parameters validated by a pathologist. As a result, some differences are observed in distinguishing breasts with tumors from healthy breasts in middle and advanced ages, under a controlled system protocol, that is, increases in real permittivity and conductivity in the breast over the areas where benign and malignant anomalies were located.
{"title":"Breast tumor classification by age and size based on analysis of dielectric properties performed on in vivo and ex vivo measurements","authors":"E. Fernandez-Aranzamendi, E. San-roman, P. Castillo‐Araníbar, Luz-Ventura, V. González-Posadas, D. Segovia-Vargas","doi":"10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iWAT54881.2022.9811011","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiating the dielectric properties of the breast between healthy and cancerous tissues is essential to contribute to the early detection studies of breast cancer. There are not many reports based on in vivo and ex vivo dielectric measurements on breasts with tumor. In addition, women show high variability of dielectric parameters between breast tissues (skin, fat, gland, and tumors). This study focuses on the measurement and analysis of breast and tumor tissues in vivo and ex vivo, over a frequency range of 1 to 8 GHz, based on dielectric protocol measurement, using an open coaxial probe. The result led to make a tumor classification (early, middle, and advanced), size and type. These measurements were made in mastectomy and lumpectomy surgeries, considering the same pressure for each group of measurements through a regulated pressure system, with a temperature varies from 22 to 27 degrees, all these measurement and parameters validated by a pathologist. As a result, some differences are observed in distinguishing breasts with tumors from healthy breasts in middle and advanced ages, under a controlled system protocol, that is, increases in real permittivity and conductivity in the breast over the areas where benign and malignant anomalies were located.","PeriodicalId":106416,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128572680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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