Morgan A. Herrmann, Stephanie M. Campos, E. Martins, Cristina Romero‐Diaz
We examined eye-bulging behavior in relation to scent-marking and chemosensory behavior in three species of iguanian lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii, S. tristichus, and S. virgatus, in a controlled environment. We studied males of the three species and also females of S. jarrovii and S. tristichus. Overall, the frequency of eye-bulging was positively correlated to the frequency of chin wipes in males, but not females. Chin wipes rarely occurred in the absence of eye-bulging; they were closely associated with the latter and, to some degree, to other chemosensory behavior. Of the three species, S. virgatus exhibited the highest eye-bulging frequency. The possibility of eye-bulging behavior being utilized for chemical communication is discussed.
在控制环境下，我们研究了三种鬣蜥(Sceloporus jarrovii, S. tristichus和S. virgatus)的眼睛凸起行为与气味标记和化学感觉行为的关系。我们研究了这三个物种的雄性，也研究了jarrovii和tristichus的雌性。总体而言，男性眼睛突出的频率与擦下巴的频率呈正相关，而女性则不然。在没有眼鼓的情况下很少擦下巴;它们与后者密切相关，在某种程度上也与其他化学感觉行为密切相关。在三个物种中，处女鱼的眼鼓频率最高。讨论了利用眼膨出行为进行化学通讯的可能性。
{"title":"Eye-Bulging Behavior in Lizards of the Genus Sceloporus: A Role in Chemical Communication?","authors":"Morgan A. Herrmann, Stephanie M. Campos, E. Martins, Cristina Romero‐Diaz","doi":"10.1643/CE-19-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-19-249","url":null,"abstract":"We examined eye-bulging behavior in relation to scent-marking and chemosensory behavior in three species of iguanian lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii, S. tristichus, and S. virgatus, in a controlled environment. We studied males of the three species and also females of S. jarrovii and S. tristichus. Overall, the frequency of eye-bulging was positively correlated to the frequency of chin wipes in males, but not females. Chin wipes rarely occurred in the absence of eye-bulging; they were closely associated with the latter and, to some degree, to other chemosensory behavior. Of the three species, S. virgatus exhibited the highest eye-bulging frequency. The possibility of eye-bulging behavior being utilized for chemical communication is discussed.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surveys and analyses of anatomical characters have allowed researchers to describe a wealth of anatomical features and contribute to our evolutionary understanding of fishes for centuries. However, most of these studies have focused on specific lineages or families rather than the broader evolutionary relationships. As such, there has been a lack of progress inferring higher-level relationships among percomorphs. With the use of large-scale DNA-based methods in multiple studies over the past two decades, the backbone of the phylogeny of fishes is becoming increasingly understood. Taking this DNA-based phylogenetic backbone into account, we have the opportunity to integrate discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data to test earlier topologies and provide new and improved hypotheses of relationships. The carangiform fishes, which include approximately 1,100 species in 29–34 families, were initially recovered as a clade in DNA-based studies. Subsequent to its initial recovery, many molecular phylogenies have been published assessing carangiform relationships, but these studies present a conflicting array of hypotheses on the intrarelationships of this clade. In addition to this diversity of hypotheses, no studies have explicitly diagnosed the clade or its major subgroups from a morphological perspective or conducted a simultaneous analysis to put forth synapomorphies for relationships across the Carangiformes using a combination of molecular and morphological data. In this study, we performed combined analyses of new and previously identified discrete morphological characters and new and previously published genome-scale data to characterize the evolutionary history and anatomical variation within this clade of fishes. Our novel morphological dataset included 201 hard and soft tissue characters, and it was combined with a novel dataset of 463 ultraconserved element loci. Our combined analysis of these data resulted in a monophyletic Carangiformes, with a series of subclades nested within. We put forth a series of subordinal names based on the recovered branching pattern, morphological character evidence, and relative stability in large-scale studies. These suborders are the Centropomoidei, which includes Centropomidae, Lactariidae, Latidae, and Sphyraenidae; Polynemoidei, which includes Polynemidae and the infraorder Pleuronectoideo; Toxotoidei, which includes Leptobramidae and Toxotidae; Nematistioidei, which includes Nematistiidae; and Menoidei, which includes Menidae and Xiphioidea. Furthermore, we highlight and discuss morphological characters that support the relationships between two or more lineages of carangiform fishes. Finally, we highlight patterns of morphological convergence among some carangiform fishes and their previously hypothesized sister lineages.
{"title":"The Phylogeny of Carangiform Fishes: Morphological and Genomic Investigations of a New Fish Clade","authors":"M. Girard, M. P. Davis, W. Smith","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-320","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys and analyses of anatomical characters have allowed researchers to describe a wealth of anatomical features and contribute to our evolutionary understanding of fishes for centuries. However, most of these studies have focused on specific lineages or families rather than the broader evolutionary relationships. As such, there has been a lack of progress inferring higher-level relationships among percomorphs. With the use of large-scale DNA-based methods in multiple studies over the past two decades, the backbone of the phylogeny of fishes is becoming increasingly understood. Taking this DNA-based phylogenetic backbone into account, we have the opportunity to integrate discrete morphological characters and DNA sequence data to test earlier topologies and provide new and improved hypotheses of relationships. The carangiform fishes, which include approximately 1,100 species in 29–34 families, were initially recovered as a clade in DNA-based studies. Subsequent to its initial recovery, many molecular phylogenies have been published assessing carangiform relationships, but these studies present a conflicting array of hypotheses on the intrarelationships of this clade. In addition to this diversity of hypotheses, no studies have explicitly diagnosed the clade or its major subgroups from a morphological perspective or conducted a simultaneous analysis to put forth synapomorphies for relationships across the Carangiformes using a combination of molecular and morphological data. In this study, we performed combined analyses of new and previously identified discrete morphological characters and new and previously published genome-scale data to characterize the evolutionary history and anatomical variation within this clade of fishes. Our novel morphological dataset included 201 hard and soft tissue characters, and it was combined with a novel dataset of 463 ultraconserved element loci. Our combined analysis of these data resulted in a monophyletic Carangiformes, with a series of subclades nested within. We put forth a series of subordinal names based on the recovered branching pattern, morphological character evidence, and relative stability in large-scale studies. These suborders are the Centropomoidei, which includes Centropomidae, Lactariidae, Latidae, and Sphyraenidae; Polynemoidei, which includes Polynemidae and the infraorder Pleuronectoideo; Toxotoidei, which includes Leptobramidae and Toxotidae; Nematistioidei, which includes Nematistiidae; and Menoidei, which includes Menidae and Xiphioidea. Furthermore, we highlight and discuss morphological characters that support the relationships between two or more lineages of carangiform fishes. Finally, we highlight patterns of morphological convergence among some carangiform fishes and their previously hypothesized sister lineages.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46721969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregory B. Pauly, Maya C. Shaulsky, A. J. Barley, Stevie R. Kennedy‐Gold, Sam C. Stewart, S. Keeney, R. C. Thomson
Lowland Leopard Frogs (Rana yavapaiensis) have experienced extensive population declines over the last century. In California, this species was historically known to occur in scattered localities in the extreme southeastern portion of the state, but it has not been positively documented since 1965. Subsequent to this decline in California, nonnative Rio Grande Leopard Frogs (R. berlandieri) have expanded into localities previously occupied by R. yavapaiensis. The lack of extensive formal surveys and the difficulty distinguishing between these species using morphological characters have caused uncertainty about whether Lowland Leopard Frogs persist within their historical range in California. Recently, leopard frogs that could not be confidently identified to species have been observed at historical localities of R. yavapaiensis . Thus, we undertook a formal study of these populations to characterize their morphological and genetic variation, and conclusively determine to which species they belong. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that these frogs are R. berlandieri, but the morphological characters typically used to diagnose these species are largely overlapping. Further complicating field identifications, for some morphological characters, the California R. berlandieri are more similar to R. yavapaiensis than to native-range R. berlandieri. Additionally, invasive R. berlandieri show greater variation in a key character—the condition of the inset dorsolateral folds—than that found across much of the species' native range. These results demonstrate the potential for morphological change during rapid population expansions to confound species identifications. Our findings have implications for future efforts to resolve the status of R. yavapaiensis in California and to identify other native leopard frogs found within the expanding range of R. berlandieri. Our results also highlight the utility of genetic approaches for reliably identifying morphologically similar leopard frogs.
{"title":"Morphological Change during Rapid Population Expansion Confounds Leopard Frog Identifications in the Southwestern United States","authors":"Gregory B. Pauly, Maya C. Shaulsky, A. J. Barley, Stevie R. Kennedy‐Gold, Sam C. Stewart, S. Keeney, R. C. Thomson","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-222","url":null,"abstract":"Lowland Leopard Frogs (Rana yavapaiensis) have experienced extensive population declines over the last century. In California, this species was historically known to occur in scattered localities in the extreme southeastern portion of the state, but it has not been positively documented since 1965. Subsequent to this decline in California, nonnative Rio Grande Leopard Frogs (R. berlandieri) have expanded into localities previously occupied by R. yavapaiensis. The lack of extensive formal surveys and the difficulty distinguishing between these species using morphological characters have caused uncertainty about whether Lowland Leopard Frogs persist within their historical range in California. Recently, leopard frogs that could not be confidently identified to species have been observed at historical localities of R. yavapaiensis . Thus, we undertook a formal study of these populations to characterize their morphological and genetic variation, and conclusively determine to which species they belong. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that these frogs are R. berlandieri, but the morphological characters typically used to diagnose these species are largely overlapping. Further complicating field identifications, for some morphological characters, the California R. berlandieri are more similar to R. yavapaiensis than to native-range R. berlandieri. Additionally, invasive R. berlandieri show greater variation in a key character—the condition of the inset dorsolateral folds—than that found across much of the species' native range. These results demonstrate the potential for morphological change during rapid population expansions to confound species identifications. Our findings have implications for future efforts to resolve the status of R. yavapaiensis in California and to identify other native leopard frogs found within the expanding range of R. berlandieri. Our results also highlight the utility of genetic approaches for reliably identifying morphologically similar leopard frogs.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aldridge, D. Siegel, S. Goldberg, Alexander Pyron
The squamates occur in a variety of climates from tropical to Arctic regions. Being poikilotherms, snakes and lizards in temperate regions, and high elevation tropical environments, must adjust their reproductive biology to reproduce at a time that optimizes offspring survival. The two major components of the reproductive cycle in both males and females are gametogenesis and mating. The reproductive cycle of males is the focus of this study. In snakes in temperate climates, sperm production (spermatogenesis) may occur immediately prior to mating (prenuptial spermatogenesis) or following mating (postnuptial spermatogenesis). In postnuptial spermatogenesis, sperm are produced following the mating season and stored in the efferent testicular ducts (primarily the ductus deferens) until the following spring mating season. Given that most recent phylogenetic reconstructions resolve snakes as a monophyletic group of highly specialized lizards, it is generally assumed that lizards have spermatogenic cycles similar to snakes. Lizard spermatogenic cycles are often described as prenuptial or postnuptial. We propose that the major difference between snake and lizard spermatogenic cycles is the presence of postnuptial spermatogenesis in snakes and the absence of true postnuptial spermatogenesis in lizards. Our interpretation of lizard spermatogenic cycles suggests that all lizards have prenuptial spermatogenesis (i.e., sperm are produced immediately prior to mating). If fertilization occurs months after mating, the female, and not the male, stores the sperm until spring ovulation and fertilization. Using a variety of analytical tools, we analyzed the reproductive strategies of snakes and lizards, and we have concluded that they differ in fundamental ways. Most notably, prenuptial spermatogenesis is the ancestral condition for Squamata with continuous spermatogenesis evolving multiple times independently within lizards and snakes. We also found that postnuptial spermatogenesis evolved early in the evolutionary history of snakes but, we argue, has never evolved in lizards. We suggest that the evolutionary origin of snakes may account for the differences observed in snake versus lizard reproductive cycles, and we present a scenario for the evolution of snake reproductive cycles.
{"title":"Seasonal Timing of Spermatogenesis and Mating in Squamates: A Reinterpretation","authors":"R. Aldridge, D. Siegel, S. Goldberg, Alexander Pyron","doi":"10.1643/CH-19-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-19-230","url":null,"abstract":"The squamates occur in a variety of climates from tropical to Arctic regions. Being poikilotherms, snakes and lizards in temperate regions, and high elevation tropical environments, must adjust their reproductive biology to reproduce at a time that optimizes offspring survival. The two major components of the reproductive cycle in both males and females are gametogenesis and mating. The reproductive cycle of males is the focus of this study. In snakes in temperate climates, sperm production (spermatogenesis) may occur immediately prior to mating (prenuptial spermatogenesis) or following mating (postnuptial spermatogenesis). In postnuptial spermatogenesis, sperm are produced following the mating season and stored in the efferent testicular ducts (primarily the ductus deferens) until the following spring mating season. Given that most recent phylogenetic reconstructions resolve snakes as a monophyletic group of highly specialized lizards, it is generally assumed that lizards have spermatogenic cycles similar to snakes. Lizard spermatogenic cycles are often described as prenuptial or postnuptial. We propose that the major difference between snake and lizard spermatogenic cycles is the presence of postnuptial spermatogenesis in snakes and the absence of true postnuptial spermatogenesis in lizards. Our interpretation of lizard spermatogenic cycles suggests that all lizards have prenuptial spermatogenesis (i.e., sperm are produced immediately prior to mating). If fertilization occurs months after mating, the female, and not the male, stores the sperm until spring ovulation and fertilization. Using a variety of analytical tools, we analyzed the reproductive strategies of snakes and lizards, and we have concluded that they differ in fundamental ways. Most notably, prenuptial spermatogenesis is the ancestral condition for Squamata with continuous spermatogenesis evolving multiple times independently within lizards and snakes. We also found that postnuptial spermatogenesis evolved early in the evolutionary history of snakes but, we argue, has never evolved in lizards. We suggest that the evolutionary origin of snakes may account for the differences observed in snake versus lizard reproductive cycles, and we present a scenario for the evolution of snake reproductive cycles.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1643/CH-19-230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49223797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I N the prologue of his Virginia: A History of the People, Cooke (1883: 479) wrote of the people of the Old Dominion, as the Commonwealth of Virginia is affectionately known, and their ‘‘cordial instincts, and spirit of courtesy and hospitality. . .’’ The following year, in an essay written for Macmillan’s Magazine, Bradley (1884: 432), an English expatriate who lived for a time in Virginia, wrote from his experience that the so-called Virginian ‘‘is very fond and proud of his own State. . . Wherever he goes he is always a Virginian. . .’’ (this article, it should be noted, was soundly criticized by noted ichthyologist G. Brown Goode in his own discussion of the character of Virginians in the context of his genealogy; Goode, 1887). Indeed, the modern concept of the Virginia Gentleman traces its roots to the Colonial period of the United States of America, and conjures individuals that seek ‘‘to attain qualities of fortitude, temperance, prudence, justice, liberality, and courtesy’’ (Watson, 2019). Although there is much to this concept (and not all flattering, having been associated with the history of slavery during the antebellum era; Watson, 2019), the term does evoke a certain notion of nobility and gentility. All of the aforementioned traits describing the romanticized concept of a Virginian were embodied in Joe Mitchell, who demonstrated the traits of generosity and courtesy, and pride in his home state of Virginia. Joe’s life was tragically cut short on July 2, 2019 in a traffic accident while he was attempting to recover an item that had blown from the back of his truck. However, Joe’s legacy will live on and, based on the eulogies offered by colleagues and friends through emails, social media, the Northeast Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (NEPARC, New Jersey), Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA, Arizona), and at the Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) that took place in Snowbird, Utah not three weeks following his death (and that he was looking forward to attending), it is clear that Joe was a Virginia gentleman and touched the lives of many herpetologists, natural historians, and friends through his quiet, courteous demeanor. Joseph Calvin Mitchell was born August 16, 1948 to Calvin and Kathleen Mitchell (Fig. 1) in Bedford, Virginia, near Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains (many details of Joe’s life that are recounted in this obituary, and all quotes from Joe, come from Joe’s autobiography; Mitchell, 2019). He had a sister, Susan Johnson, and two brothers, Ronnie and Allen Mitchell. Joe was a loving father to his four children, Tanya Shewmake (with his first wife Virginia Talley), Joshua, Justin, and Lisa Mitchell (with his second wife Wendy Hoilman), and his grandchildren, Allison and James Shewmake (Fig. 2). Joe married Susan Walls (Fig. 3), a herpetologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Gainesville, Florida, in 2006. It was after Joe and Susan were married that he moved from his home in Richmond, Vi
{"title":"Joseph C. Mitchell (1948–2019): Herpetologist and Natural Historian of the Old Dominion","authors":"E. Hilton, A. Bauer, K. Buhlmann, C. K. Dodd","doi":"10.1643/OT-19-331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/OT-19-331","url":null,"abstract":"I N the prologue of his Virginia: A History of the People, Cooke (1883: 479) wrote of the people of the Old Dominion, as the Commonwealth of Virginia is affectionately known, and their ‘‘cordial instincts, and spirit of courtesy and hospitality. . .’’ The following year, in an essay written for Macmillan’s Magazine, Bradley (1884: 432), an English expatriate who lived for a time in Virginia, wrote from his experience that the so-called Virginian ‘‘is very fond and proud of his own State. . . Wherever he goes he is always a Virginian. . .’’ (this article, it should be noted, was soundly criticized by noted ichthyologist G. Brown Goode in his own discussion of the character of Virginians in the context of his genealogy; Goode, 1887). Indeed, the modern concept of the Virginia Gentleman traces its roots to the Colonial period of the United States of America, and conjures individuals that seek ‘‘to attain qualities of fortitude, temperance, prudence, justice, liberality, and courtesy’’ (Watson, 2019). Although there is much to this concept (and not all flattering, having been associated with the history of slavery during the antebellum era; Watson, 2019), the term does evoke a certain notion of nobility and gentility. All of the aforementioned traits describing the romanticized concept of a Virginian were embodied in Joe Mitchell, who demonstrated the traits of generosity and courtesy, and pride in his home state of Virginia. Joe’s life was tragically cut short on July 2, 2019 in a traffic accident while he was attempting to recover an item that had blown from the back of his truck. However, Joe’s legacy will live on and, based on the eulogies offered by colleagues and friends through emails, social media, the Northeast Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (NEPARC, New Jersey), Turtle Survival Alliance (TSA, Arizona), and at the Joint Meeting of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) that took place in Snowbird, Utah not three weeks following his death (and that he was looking forward to attending), it is clear that Joe was a Virginia gentleman and touched the lives of many herpetologists, natural historians, and friends through his quiet, courteous demeanor. Joseph Calvin Mitchell was born August 16, 1948 to Calvin and Kathleen Mitchell (Fig. 1) in Bedford, Virginia, near Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains (many details of Joe’s life that are recounted in this obituary, and all quotes from Joe, come from Joe’s autobiography; Mitchell, 2019). He had a sister, Susan Johnson, and two brothers, Ronnie and Allen Mitchell. Joe was a loving father to his four children, Tanya Shewmake (with his first wife Virginia Talley), Joshua, Justin, and Lisa Mitchell (with his second wife Wendy Hoilman), and his grandchildren, Allison and James Shewmake (Fig. 2). Joe married Susan Walls (Fig. 3), a herpetologist with the U.S. Geological Survey in Gainesville, Florida, in 2006. It was after Joe and Susan were married that he moved from his home in Richmond, Vi","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49143023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robert Gordon Jaeger","authors":"C. Gabor, C. D. Anthony","doi":"10.1643/ct2020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/ct2020021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EDITORIAL NOTES AND NEWS","authors":"","doi":"10.1643/ct2020022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/ct2020022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141220572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information about the life history of larval fishes can be sparse, especially at the edges of typical geographic ranges and among fishes for which there is no commercial fishery. We report a new observation of larval Arctic Shanny (Stichaeus punctatus) far south of their typical geographic range in the western North Atlantic. Only two previous records of adult of S. punctatus have been documented in this region, and there has only been one previous report of larvae in US Atlantic waters. From May through July 2018, we observed large numbers of larval S. punctatus by night-lighting off a dock at Shoals Marine Laboratory on Appledore Island, Maine, in the Gulf of Maine. We include approximations of catch per unit effort (number of larvae per ten-minute sampling interval) throughout the sampling period and information regarding identifying features. The high number of larvae seen could indicate that the Isles of Shoals is a spawning locality for this species and could indicate a future increase in their abundance in the southern Gulf of Maine.
{"title":"Observation of Abundant Larval Arctic Shanny (Stichaeus punctatus) in the Western North Atlantic, Found in the Waters of the Isles of Shoals, Maine, USA","authors":"Jessica A. Ohrenberger, J. Bolker, S. Farina","doi":"10.1643/CI-19-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1643/CI-19-227","url":null,"abstract":"Information about the life history of larval fishes can be sparse, especially at the edges of typical geographic ranges and among fishes for which there is no commercial fishery. We report a new observation of larval Arctic Shanny (Stichaeus punctatus) far south of their typical geographic range in the western North Atlantic. Only two previous records of adult of S. punctatus have been documented in this region, and there has only been one previous report of larvae in US Atlantic waters. From May through July 2018, we observed large numbers of larval S. punctatus by night-lighting off a dock at Shoals Marine Laboratory on Appledore Island, Maine, in the Gulf of Maine. We include approximations of catch per unit effort (number of larvae per ten-minute sampling interval) throughout the sampling period and information regarding identifying features. The high number of larvae seen could indicate that the Isles of Shoals is a spawning locality for this species and could indicate a future increase in their abundance in the southern Gulf of Maine.","PeriodicalId":10701,"journal":{"name":"Copeia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1643/CI-19-227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47852872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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