Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20220060
M. Molanouri Shamsi, S. Soudi, M.T. Afshounpour, A. Jamali, H. Soleimanjahi, L.S. Quinn, R. Gharakhanlou, H. Karimi
DNA vaccines comprise one modality of novel vaccination techniques. DNA vaccines employ intramuscular injection of DNA that codes for specific antigens from a pathogen. Prolonged eccentric endurance exercise can stimulate immune responses, possibly by increasing inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to determine the effects of one or three sessions of downhill running on the effectiveness of Herpes simplex virus type I glycoprotein D (HSV-gD1) DNA vaccination. Mice without or with one and three sessions of downhill running were vaccinated intramuscularly with the DNA vaccine or the empty vector. Cellular immune responses were assessed using an in vitro assay of lymphocyte proliferation in response to recall antigens. Also, a virus neutralisation test was used to determine the levels of neutralising antibodies in serum samples. In addition, Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and the ratio of the Th1/Th2 is considered an indicator of immune responses to infection in the current study. Multiple bouts of downhill running increased humoral immune responses after immunisation, also although Th2 immune responses decreased, lymphocyte proliferation and Th1/Th2 ratio immune responses increased following the viral challenge compared to the other groups. In addition, the timing of the 3-session exercise regimen plus DNA vaccination immediately following the last exercise session, as opposed to DNA vaccination 48 h before a single session of exercise, may account for the greater efficacy of DNA vaccination in the multiple bouts of the intensive exercise group. These findings indicate that short-term repeated bouts of eccentric endurance exercise have increased immune responses to intramuscular DNA-based vaccines.
DNA 疫苗是新型疫苗接种技术的一种模式。DNA 疫苗通过肌肉注射 DNA 来编码病原体的特定抗原。长时间的偏心耐力运动可能会通过增加炎症介质来刺激免疫反应。本研究旨在确定一次或三次下坡跑步对单纯疱疹病毒 I 型糖蛋白 D（HSV-gD1）DNA 疫苗接种效果的影响。给没有或进行过一次和三次下坡跑步的小鼠肌肉注射 DNA 疫苗或空载体。使用体外淋巴细胞增殖试验评估细胞免疫反应。此外，还使用病毒中和试验来确定血清样本中的中和抗体水平。此外，在本次研究中，Th1 和 Th2 免疫反应以及 Th1/Th2 的比率被视为感染免疫反应的指标。与其他组相比，虽然 Th2 免疫反应减少，但病毒挑战后淋巴细胞增殖和 Th1/Th2 比率免疫反应增加。此外，与单次运动前 48 小时接种 DNA 疫苗相比，3 次运动疗法加上最后一次运动后立即接种 DNA 疫苗的时间安排可能是密集运动组多次接种 DNA 疫苗疗效更佳的原因。这些研究结果表明，短期反复的偏心耐力运动会增加对肌肉注射 DNA 疫苗的免疫反应。
{"title":"Effects of single and multiple bouts of eccentric exercise on immune responses to HSV-gD1 DNA vaccination in mice","authors":"M. Molanouri Shamsi, S. Soudi, M.T. Afshounpour, A. Jamali, H. Soleimanjahi, L.S. Quinn, R. Gharakhanlou, H. Karimi","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20220060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20220060","url":null,"abstract":"DNA vaccines comprise one modality of novel vaccination techniques. DNA vaccines employ intramuscular injection of DNA that codes for specific antigens from a pathogen. Prolonged eccentric endurance exercise can stimulate immune responses, possibly by increasing inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to determine the effects of one or three sessions of downhill running on the effectiveness of Herpes simplex virus type I glycoprotein D (HSV-gD1) DNA vaccination. Mice without or with one and three sessions of downhill running were vaccinated intramuscularly with the DNA vaccine or the empty vector. Cellular immune responses were assessed using an in vitro assay of lymphocyte proliferation in response to recall antigens. Also, a virus neutralisation test was used to determine the levels of neutralising antibodies in serum samples. In addition, Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and the ratio of the Th1/Th2 is considered an indicator of immune responses to infection in the current study. Multiple bouts of downhill running increased humoral immune responses after immunisation, also although Th2 immune responses decreased, lymphocyte proliferation and Th1/Th2 ratio immune responses increased following the viral challenge compared to the other groups. In addition, the timing of the 3-session exercise regimen plus DNA vaccination immediately following the last exercise session, as opposed to DNA vaccination 48 h before a single session of exercise, may account for the greater efficacy of DNA vaccination in the multiple bouts of the intensive exercise group. These findings indicate that short-term repeated bouts of eccentric endurance exercise have increased immune responses to intramuscular DNA-based vaccines.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20220068
E. Persson-Sjödin, E. Wärnsberg, S. Ringmark
For riding schools, the health and function of their horses is paramount. Unfortunately, lameness and overweight are common problems in this population, and a causal relationship whereby increased body weight causes lameness is also possible. This observational field study investigated the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and motion movement asymmetries in riding school horses and also explored the relationships between BCS, movement asymmetry and subjectively scored willingness to work. Eight riding schools within 2.5 h by car from Uppsala, Sweden, were convenience-sampled and 3-24 horses from each were included in the study. Body condition was scored (scale 1-9) and vertical movement asymmetry data were collected in straight-line trot, using an inertial measurement unit system. Asymmetry parameters were calculated as the mean difference between local vertical displacement minima/maxima for the head/pelvis (HD/PD) between the two halves of the stride. A questionnaire was used to assess perceived willingness to work and energy level of the horses. The data were analysed with linear mixed models, t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests. A correlation was found between BCS and PDmin (), an asymmetry parameter related to hindlimb weight-bearing lameness, where PDmin increased by 0.96 mm for each unit increase in BCS. Horses with vertical movement classified as symmetric had lower BCS than horses with movement classified as asymmetric (5.4 ± 0.4 vs 5.7 ± 0.6, ). Horses classed as overweight (BCS ≥ 6) scored lower on willingness to work () and energy level (). These results indicate that the body condition of riding school horses may influence their function and the health of their locomotor apparatus. Further studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
对于骑术学校来说，马匹的健康和功能至关重要。不幸的是，跛足和超重是这一人群中的常见问题，体重增加导致跛足的因果关系也是可能的。这项实地观察研究调查了骑术学校马匹的身体状况评分（BCS）和运动动作不对称之间的关系，还探讨了BCS、运动动作不对称和主观评分的工作意愿之间的关系。研究从距离瑞典乌普萨拉市 2.5 小时车程内的八所骑术学校中随机取样，每所学校有 3-24 匹马参与研究。使用惯性测量单元系统对马匹的身体状况（1-9级）进行评分，并收集直线小跑时的垂直运动不对称数据。不对称参数的计算方法是两半步之间头/骨盆局部垂直位移最小值/最大值（HD/PD）的平均差。问卷调查用于评估马匹的工作意愿和体力水平。数据采用线性混合模型、t 检验和曼-惠特尼 U 检验进行分析。发现BCS与PDmin（）之间存在相关性，PDmin是与后肢负重跛行有关的不对称参数，BCS每增加一个单位，PDmin就增加0.96毫米。垂直运动被归类为对称的马匹的 BCS 值低于运动被归类为不对称的马匹（5.4 ± 0.4 vs 5.7 ± 0.6，）。超重（BCS ≥ 6）的马匹在工作意愿（）和能量水平（）方面得分较低。这些结果表明，骑术学校马匹的身体状况可能会影响其功能和运动器官的健康。需要进一步研究以确定其潜在机制。
{"title":"Relationship between body condition and vertical movement symmetry in 109 riding school horses","authors":"E. Persson-Sjödin, E. Wärnsberg, S. Ringmark","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20220068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20220068","url":null,"abstract":"For riding schools, the health and function of their horses is paramount. Unfortunately, lameness and overweight are common problems in this population, and a causal relationship whereby increased body weight causes lameness is also possible. This observational field study investigated the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and motion movement asymmetries in riding school horses and also explored the relationships between BCS, movement asymmetry and subjectively scored willingness to work. Eight riding schools within 2.5 h by car from Uppsala, Sweden, were convenience-sampled and 3-24 horses from each were included in the study. Body condition was scored (scale 1-9) and vertical movement asymmetry data were collected in straight-line trot, using an inertial measurement unit system. Asymmetry parameters were calculated as the mean difference between local vertical displacement minima/maxima for the head/pelvis (HD/PD) between the two halves of the stride. A questionnaire was used to assess perceived willingness to work and energy level of the horses. The data were analysed with linear mixed models, t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests. A correlation was found between BCS and PDmin (), an asymmetry parameter related to hindlimb weight-bearing lameness, where PDmin increased by 0.96 mm for each unit increase in BCS. Horses with vertical movement classified as symmetric had lower BCS than horses with movement classified as asymmetric (5.4 ± 0.4 vs 5.7 ± 0.6, ). Horses classed as overweight (BCS ≥ 6) scored lower on willingness to work () and energy level (). These results indicate that the body condition of riding school horses may influence their function and the health of their locomotor apparatus. Further studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230012
K. Legg, D.J. Cochrane, E. Gee, M. Breheny, J. Richards, Y. Chin, C. Rogers
Jockeys exercise at maximal physiological capacity during a race, multiple times each race day, whilst maintaining a low body weight. Therefore, understanding the physical demands of jockeys during training and competition, along with development of specific exercise programmes is important in preparing and supporting the performance, physical well-being and career progression of these athletes. This study aimed to develop and implement a targeted, jockey specific training (JET – Jockey Exercise Training) programme to assess the engagement and attitudes of a cohort of 50 apprentice jockeys to an off-horse training programme. The JET programme consisted of 8 weeks of tri-weekly training exercises, delivered via video recording through a social media platform (Facebook) and fortnightly in-person sessions. Uptake of JET was poor, with only 10% of jockeys completing over half of the recommended number of JET trainings. The reasons for this were explored via brief structured interviews using cue cards, with 16 apprentice jockeys. Most of the apprentices valued the importance of the increased physical fitness provided by JET. However, they lacked self-motivation and believed they already did enough physical fitness during their workday commitments. The introduction of group sessions, providing both social accountability and support increased JET programme uptake. Industry modification to promote the social context of valuing the physical well-being of jockeys as elite athletes in all industry participants, in combination with early introduction of jockey specific training in a structured framework, may be a key component to the successful introduction of future jockey exercise programmes.
{"title":"Identification of the challenges to and attitudes of apprentice jockeys towards implementation of specialised exercise training in New Zealand","authors":"K. Legg, D.J. Cochrane, E. Gee, M. Breheny, J. Richards, Y. Chin, C. Rogers","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230012","url":null,"abstract":"Jockeys exercise at maximal physiological capacity during a race, multiple times each race day, whilst maintaining a low body weight. Therefore, understanding the physical demands of jockeys during training and competition, along with development of specific exercise programmes is important in preparing and supporting the performance, physical well-being and career progression of these athletes. This study aimed to develop and implement a targeted, jockey specific training (JET – Jockey Exercise Training) programme to assess the engagement and attitudes of a cohort of 50 apprentice jockeys to an off-horse training programme. The JET programme consisted of 8 weeks of tri-weekly training exercises, delivered via video recording through a social media platform (Facebook) and fortnightly in-person sessions. Uptake of JET was poor, with only 10% of jockeys completing over half of the recommended number of JET trainings. The reasons for this were explored via brief structured interviews using cue cards, with 16 apprentice jockeys. Most of the apprentices valued the importance of the increased physical fitness provided by JET. However, they lacked self-motivation and believed they already did enough physical fitness during their workday commitments. The introduction of group sessions, providing both social accountability and support increased JET programme uptake. Industry modification to promote the social context of valuing the physical well-being of jockeys as elite athletes in all industry participants, in combination with early introduction of jockey specific training in a structured framework, may be a key component to the successful introduction of future jockey exercise programmes.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20220064
C. Gluck, J. Williams, S. Pratt-Phillips
Performance analysis is utilised by coaches and athletes to identify areas to work on in training and to identify strengths in athlete performance in various sports. However, performance analysis is not commonly used within equestrian sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate minors and their ponies competing in show jumping at a national pony competition to see if course variables affected performance. All jumping rounds were watched online. Type of faults (e.g. rails, refusals, time faults, fall of horse and or rider), type of fence (e.g. vertical, oxer), approach angle, section of the course where fault(s) occurred and round time were recorded. Spearman’s Correlation assessed if round time was correlated to total faults and a series of Kruskal-Wallis analyses determined if significant differences in faults occurred between sections of the course, where these existed, post hoc tests established where differences occurred between rounds. There was no significant difference in total faults across the 4 rounds of competition and no meaningful correlation between round time and total faults (r = 0.34; ). There were no differences between fence type and faults although more faults occurred at verticals (51.7%, n = 46 faults at verticals versus 48.3%, n = 43 at oxers; ). Faults were more likely to occur during the final quarter of the course (32.6%, n = 29) when compared to the first quarter (23.6%, n = 21; ). These results showed that faults were more likely to occur in the final quarter of a round. The information gained from this performance analysis could be beneficial to inform training or riding strategies, especially when preparing for a competition.
{"title":"Performance analysis of show jumping rounds at a national pony competition","authors":"C. Gluck, J. Williams, S. Pratt-Phillips","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20220064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20220064","url":null,"abstract":"Performance analysis is utilised by coaches and athletes to identify areas to work on in training and to identify strengths in athlete performance in various sports. However, performance analysis is not commonly used within equestrian sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate minors and their ponies competing in show jumping at a national pony competition to see if course variables affected performance. All jumping rounds were watched online. Type of faults (e.g. rails, refusals, time faults, fall of horse and or rider), type of fence (e.g. vertical, oxer), approach angle, section of the course where fault(s) occurred and round time were recorded. Spearman’s Correlation assessed if round time was correlated to total faults and a series of Kruskal-Wallis analyses determined if significant differences in faults occurred between sections of the course, where these existed, post hoc tests established where differences occurred between rounds. There was no significant difference in total faults across the 4 rounds of competition and no meaningful correlation between round time and total faults (r = 0.34; ). There were no differences between fence type and faults although more faults occurred at verticals (51.7%, n = 46 faults at verticals versus 48.3%, n = 43 at oxers; ). Faults were more likely to occur during the final quarter of the course (32.6%, n = 29) when compared to the first quarter (23.6%, n = 21; ). These results showed that faults were more likely to occur in the final quarter of a round. The information gained from this performance analysis could be beneficial to inform training or riding strategies, especially when preparing for a competition.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230011
D. Yılmaz, M. Yıldız, M.S. Yıldırım, B. Karaoğlu
Although kinesio taping (KT) is frequently used in musculoskeletal disorders, there is not enough data on the effectiveness of holistic KT application on the upper extremity in spastic hemiparetic children. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of KT application on spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength in these patients. Twenty patients diagnosed with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5-17 years, who were trained and treated in a private educational institution, were included in the study. Between November 2021 and January 2022, in addition to neurodevelopmental therapy for 12 weeks, KT was applied from the lateral epicondyle region to the end of the metacarpals, with 15-25% tension, to the dorsal face of the hand, with the taping direction facilitation technique (starting direction is the origin of the muscle). Spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength were evaluated as pre-test and post-test. It was determined that the mean score difference between the pre-test and post-test range of motion (ROM) shoulder abduction, ROM supination, ROM wrist flexion, ROM wrist extension and hand grip strength of the individuals was statistically significant (). It was determined that the individuals’ pre-test-post-test Jebsen hand function test (JHFT) Writing, JHFT card flipping, JHFT small objects, JHFT nutrition simulation, JHFT backgammon checkers stamps, JHFT large light objects, JHFT total score average difference was statistically significant (). These results indicate that KT application positively affects upper extremity functions in the rehabilitation of hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Longitudinal studies are recommended in patients with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
{"title":"Effect of upper extremity kinesio tape application on hand function, wrist joint position and grip strength in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy","authors":"D. Yılmaz, M. Yıldız, M.S. Yıldırım, B. Karaoğlu","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230011","url":null,"abstract":"Although kinesio taping (KT) is frequently used in musculoskeletal disorders, there is not enough data on the effectiveness of holistic KT application on the upper extremity in spastic hemiparetic children. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of KT application on spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength in these patients. Twenty patients diagnosed with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5-17 years, who were trained and treated in a private educational institution, were included in the study. Between November 2021 and January 2022, in addition to neurodevelopmental therapy for 12 weeks, KT was applied from the lateral epicondyle region to the end of the metacarpals, with 15-25% tension, to the dorsal face of the hand, with the taping direction facilitation technique (starting direction is the origin of the muscle). Spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength were evaluated as pre-test and post-test. It was determined that the mean score difference between the pre-test and post-test range of motion (ROM) shoulder abduction, ROM supination, ROM wrist flexion, ROM wrist extension and hand grip strength of the individuals was statistically significant (). It was determined that the individuals’ pre-test-post-test Jebsen hand function test (JHFT) Writing, JHFT card flipping, JHFT small objects, JHFT nutrition simulation, JHFT backgammon checkers stamps, JHFT large light objects, JHFT total score average difference was statistically significant (). These results indicate that KT application positively affects upper extremity functions in the rehabilitation of hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Longitudinal studies are recommended in patients with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20230005
K. W. Wigati, M.P. Bintari, P. S. Rejeki, C.D.K. Wungu, A. Pranoto, R. N. Ramadhan, H. K. Setiawan, M. Munir, S. Halim
Being overweight can be caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure over a long period, and the brain plays an important role in controlling overeating responses. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating food intake and weight. Being overweight is associated with decreased serotonin levels. Decreased serotonin levels have an impact on increased health disorders and depression. The study aimed to analyse the effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). A total of 18 male mice (20-40 g), aged eight weeks with (Lee index (LI) ≥0.3) randomly assigned to three groups: COG (n = 6; control group without intervention), MEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity morning exercise group), and AEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity afternoon exercise group). Morning and afternoon exercise was carried out with a load of 5% of the total body weight of mice. Four weeks of exercise with a frequency of three times a week and were performed for 70% of the maximum duration per session. Blood collection was done 2 × 24 h after the last intervention. Measurement of serum serotonin levels using ELISA. Data analysis techniques using the one-way ANOVA test with SPSS version 17 software. The average levels of serum serotonin of COG were (56.29 ± 3.59 ng/ml), MEG (86.21 ± 18.44 ng/ml), AEG (82.73 ± 25.15 ng/ml), and (). The results of this study show that moderate-intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon increase serum serotonin levels in male mice. Therefore, moderate-intensity morning and afternoon swimming exercises can be used in controlling and inhibiting the over-eating response mediated by the serotonin.
{"title":"The effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"K. W. Wigati, M.P. Bintari, P. S. Rejeki, C.D.K. Wungu, A. Pranoto, R. N. Ramadhan, H. K. Setiawan, M. Munir, S. Halim","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20230005","url":null,"abstract":"Being overweight can be caused by an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure over a long period, and the brain plays an important role in controlling overeating responses. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in regulating food intake and weight. Being overweight is associated with decreased serotonin levels. Decreased serotonin levels have an impact on increased health disorders and depression. The study aimed to analyse the effect of 4 week-long swimming exercise intervention on increased serotonin levels in male mice (Mus musculus). A total of 18 male mice (20-40 g), aged eight weeks with (Lee index (LI) ≥0.3) randomly assigned to three groups: COG (n = 6; control group without intervention), MEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity morning exercise group), and AEG (n = 6; moderate-intensity afternoon exercise group). Morning and afternoon exercise was carried out with a load of 5% of the total body weight of mice. Four weeks of exercise with a frequency of three times a week and were performed for 70% of the maximum duration per session. Blood collection was done 2 × 24 h after the last intervention. Measurement of serum serotonin levels using ELISA. Data analysis techniques using the one-way ANOVA test with SPSS version 17 software. The average levels of serum serotonin of COG were (56.29 ± 3.59 ng/ml), MEG (86.21 ± 18.44 ng/ml), AEG (82.73 ± 25.15 ng/ml), and (). The results of this study show that moderate-intensity exercises in the morning and afternoon increase serum serotonin levels in male mice. Therefore, moderate-intensity morning and afternoon swimming exercises can be used in controlling and inhibiting the over-eating response mediated by the serotonin.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"2019 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139342993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20220075
D. Yuliastrid, N. Kusnanik, B. Purwanto, A. Noordia, S.P. Purwoto, A. Pranoto
Endurance was essential to perform an activity for as long as possible. Previously, haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate and interleukin (IL)-6 level played a key role in determining endurance. This study aims to analyse the differences in the duration of running a treadmill on the levels of haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate, and IL-6 in mice (Mus musculus). The mice were forced to run on the treadmill for as long as possible. They were divided into 3 groups, namely Short (n = 12; ≤12.5 min treadmill running), Moderate (n = 12; 12.5-40 min treadmill running), and Long (n = 12; ≥40 min treadmill running). Haemoglobin and lactate levels were evaluated, respectively, using the Quick-check Plus Hb Haemoglobin Testing System and Accutrend® Plus system. Analysis of myoglobin and IL-6 levels used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc tests with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that only the myoglobin level characterised endurance. Higher myoglobin levels were found at longer duration of running. Haemoglobin, lactate and IL-6 levels did not differ between groups. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that a longer duration of running was found a higher level of myoglobin. Myoglobin but not haemoglobin represented as an essential characteristic for endurance among runners in mice. High-affinity binding between myoglobin and oxygen was essential for oxygen storage in muscle.
{"title":"Single bout of a long-duration running treadmill increases myoglobin but not haemoglobin and interleukin 6 levels in mice (Mus musculus)","authors":"D. Yuliastrid, N. Kusnanik, B. Purwanto, A. Noordia, S.P. Purwoto, A. Pranoto","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20220075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20220075","url":null,"abstract":"Endurance was essential to perform an activity for as long as possible. Previously, haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate and interleukin (IL)-6 level played a key role in determining endurance. This study aims to analyse the differences in the duration of running a treadmill on the levels of haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate, and IL-6 in mice (Mus musculus). The mice were forced to run on the treadmill for as long as possible. They were divided into 3 groups, namely Short (n = 12; ≤12.5 min treadmill running), Moderate (n = 12; 12.5-40 min treadmill running), and Long (n = 12; ≥40 min treadmill running). Haemoglobin and lactate levels were evaluated, respectively, using the Quick-check Plus Hb Haemoglobin Testing System and Accutrend® Plus system. Analysis of myoglobin and IL-6 levels used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc tests with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that only the myoglobin level characterised endurance. Higher myoglobin levels were found at longer duration of running. Haemoglobin, lactate and IL-6 levels did not differ between groups. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that a longer duration of running was found a higher level of myoglobin. Myoglobin but not haemoglobin represented as an essential characteristic for endurance among runners in mice. High-affinity binding between myoglobin and oxygen was essential for oxygen storage in muscle.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139345082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1163/17552559-20220044
T. Frippiat, C. van Beckhoven, V.J. van Gasselt, A. Dugdale, J.M. Vandeweerd
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measurement of the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the myocardium. Used as an indicator of health, welfare and fitness level, its measurement during exercise has been suggested to be helpful in sport horses. The aims of this study were to assess the within- and between-day repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise, and to evaluate the effect of gait (as a factor of increasing exercise intensity) on HRV. Heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) between normal heartbeats and the standard deviation of normal (R-R) intervals (SDNN) were assessed during a standardised exercise test (SET) on five consecutive days in a sample of 21 healthy Warmblood dressage horses. All variables showed good between-day repeatability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient), while only RMSSD showed reliable within-day repeatability (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Increase of exercise intensity was significantly associated with increased HR and decreased RMSSD and SDNN, with a negative correlation between HR and the two HRV-measurements. HR and HRV values varied significantly with intensity of exercise (rest, walk, trot, canter and whole SET), though HRV at rest was not different to that at walk, and HRV at trot was not different to that at canter. In conclusion, the results of this study support the use and show the repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise in Warmblood dressage horses. Further investigation for use of HRV in other equestrian disciplines, levels and health state is warranted.
{"title":"Effect of gait on, and repeatability of heart rate and heart rate variability measurements in exercising Warmblood dressage horses","authors":"T. Frippiat, C. van Beckhoven, V.J. van Gasselt, A. Dugdale, J.M. Vandeweerd","doi":"10.1163/17552559-20220044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17552559-20220044","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measurement of the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the myocardium. Used as an indicator of health, welfare and fitness level, its measurement during exercise has been suggested to be helpful in sport horses. The aims of this study were to assess the within- and between-day repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise, and to evaluate the effect of gait (as a factor of increasing exercise intensity) on HRV. Heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) between normal heartbeats and the standard deviation of normal (R-R) intervals (SDNN) were assessed during a standardised exercise test (SET) on five consecutive days in a sample of 21 healthy Warmblood dressage horses. All variables showed good between-day repeatability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient), while only RMSSD showed reliable within-day repeatability (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Increase of exercise intensity was significantly associated with increased HR and decreased RMSSD and SDNN, with a negative correlation between HR and the two HRV-measurements. HR and HRV values varied significantly with intensity of exercise (rest, walk, trot, canter and whole SET), though HRV at rest was not different to that at walk, and HRV at trot was not different to that at canter. In conclusion, the results of this study support the use and show the repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise in Warmblood dressage horses. Further investigation for use of HRV in other equestrian disciplines, levels and health state is warranted.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139348466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstracts of the The 9th International Conference on Canine and Equine Locomotion, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2023.
第九届国际会议犬和马的运动，乌得勒支，荷兰2023摘要。
{"title":"The 9th International Conference on Canine and Equine Locomotion, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.3920/cep2023.s1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/cep2023.s1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstracts of the The 9th International Conference on Canine and Equine Locomotion, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2023.","PeriodicalId":10709,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Exercise Physiology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83944757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：