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Growth and Fruit Chemical Characteristics of Blackberry (Rubus Fruticosus) Cultivated with Vermicompost, Glomus Mosseae and Phosphate Rock 蚯蚓堆肥、苔藓球囊菌和磷矿栽培黑莓的生长和果实化学特性
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1471367
M. Abud-Archila, M. Luján-Hidalgo, Jaeni Mibeth López-Pérez, Josué Ordaz‐Rivera, V. Ruíz-Valdiviezo, M. A. Oliva-Llaven, F. Gutiérrez-Miceli
Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of vermicompost (V) and phosphate rock (PR) on blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe (AMF). Plant growth parameters, total phenol compounds and total flavonoids were evaluated on leaves. Anthocyanin contents, soluble solids (SS), pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SS/TA ratio was evaluated in blackberries fruits. Blackberry plants were obtained from cuttings from field plants, which were distributed in soil according to a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Treatments were vermicompost (10░g plant−1), phosphate rock (1░g plant−1), Glomus mosseae (AMF), (1░g plant−1), PR + AMF, V + PR, V +AMF, V + PR+ AMF and control without any amended. Plant height and stem diameter were measured five months after treatments, while total phenols and total flavonoids in leaves were evaluated eight months later. Anthocyanins, SS, pH, and TA were determined in blackberry fruits ten months after. Plant height was not statistically affected (p≤0.05), although total phenol compounds were higher (21.1░mg g−1 dry plant) in the V+PR+AMF treatment, whereas the V + AMF treatment produced more dry plant total flavonoids (1.4░mg g−1), compared with control plants. Blackberries produced with the vermicompost treatment had more anthocyanins (9.54░mg g−1) than control plants. Soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity were not statistically (p≤0.05) affected by any treatment.
摘要本研究的目的是确定蚯蚓堆肥(V)和磷矿石(PR)对接种Glomus mosseae(Nicol.&Gerd.)Gerdemann&Trappe(AMF)的黑莓(Rubus fruticosus L.agg.)植物的影响。对叶片的生长参数、总酚类化合物和总黄酮类化合物进行了评价。对黑莓果实中花青素含量、可溶性固形物(SS)、pH值、可滴定酸度(TA)和SS/TA比值进行了测定。黑莓植物是从田间植物的插条中获得的,这些插条根据三次重复的随机完全块设计分布在土壤中。处理为蚯蚓堆肥(10░g植物−1)、磷矿石(1░g植物−1),Glomus苔藓科(AMF),(1░g植物−1)、PR+AMF、V+PR、V+AMF、V+PR+AMF和对照,无任何修改。处理后5个月测量株高和茎粗,8个月后评估叶片中的总酚和总黄酮。10个月后测定了黑莓果实中的花青素、SS、pH和TA。株高没有受到统计学影响(p≤0.05),尽管总酚化合物更高(21.1░mg g−1干植物),而V+AMF处理产生更多的干植物总黄酮(1.4░mg g−1)。用蚯蚓堆肥处理生产的黑莓含有更多的花青素(9.54░mg g−1)。可溶性固形物、pH值和可滴定酸度不受任何处理的统计学影响(p≤0.05)。
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引用次数: 5
Genetic Analysis and In Vitro Enzymatic Determination of Bacterial Community in Compost Teas from Different Sources 不同来源堆肥茶细菌群落的遗传分析及体外酶法测定
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1496045
F. Diánez, F. Marín, Mila Santos, F. J. Gea, M. Navarro, M. Piñeiro, J. Gonzalez
Abstract Compost tea has been used throughout the world to control diseases and promote the growth of plants. The microbial community is the main factor involved both in the antagonistic effect against relevant phytopathogens and as a stimulator of plant growth. The objective of this research is to determine the bacterial diversity present in four types of compost as well as some of the mechanisms that may be involved in the positive effects of compost tea on crops. Aerated (ACT) and non-aerated (NCT) compost teas were obtained from four different composts: spent mushroom substrate compost (SMC), grape marc compost (GMC), greenhouse horticultural crop residues compost (CRC), and vermicompost (CRV). 16S rDNA-based DGGE profiles were obtained for each compost tea and their respective bacterial communities were analyzed. Of the 100 clones obtained, those typical for being dominant for all profiles were chosen. In total, 20 different clones were sequenced. The results showed that the bacterial communities of most compost teas had high richness, diversity, and evenness values, with relative abundance of species belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The NCTs obtained from all the composts, especially CRC and CRV, showed high levels of siderophore production, while teas from GMC manifested high and consistent cellulase activity. The ACTs from all the composts, especially SMC, had high protease activity.
摘要堆肥茶已在世界各地被用于控制疾病和促进植物生长。微生物群落是参与对抗相关植物病原体和刺激植物生长的主要因素。本研究的目的是确定四种堆肥中存在的细菌多样性,以及堆肥茶对作物产生积极影响的一些机制。从四种不同的堆肥中获得了充气(ACT)和非充气(NCT)堆肥茶:废蘑菇基质堆肥(SMC)、葡萄渣堆肥(GMC)、温室园艺作物残留物堆肥(CRC)和蚯蚓堆肥(CRV)。获得了每种堆肥茶的基于16S rDNA的DGGE图谱,并分析了它们各自的细菌群落。在获得的100个克隆中,选择了那些典型的在所有图谱中占优势的克隆。总共对20个不同的克隆进行了测序。结果表明,大多数堆肥茶的细菌群落具有较高的丰富度、多样性和均匀度,属于拟杆菌门和变形菌门的物种相对丰富。从所有堆肥中获得的NCTs,特别是CRC和CRV,显示出高水平的铁载体产生,而来自GMC的茶显示出高且一致的纤维素酶活性。所有堆肥中的ACTs,特别是SMC,都具有较高的蛋白酶活性。
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引用次数: 6
Effect of Composted Greenwaste and Rockwool on Plant Growth of Okra, Tomato, and Chili Peppers 堆肥绿泥石和岩棉对秋葵、番茄和辣椒生长的影响
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1463878
N. Reddy, D. Crohn
Abstract Rockwool is an inert growing media popular in the hydroponics industry. Eventually the rockwool fills with plant material and must be replaced and the residuals are disposed. Composting of this material will conserve landfill space. Although the rockwool itself is stable, roots and other plant materials remaining after harvest can decompose. We studied the effect of composting greenwaste feedstock mixed with spent rockwool in the amount of 10% volume on plant growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with two types of soils: sandy loam and clay, each with and without rockwool, and applied at rates 0, 25, 50, and 100 t ha−1 to pots which were then seeded with okra, tomato, or chili pepper. Results indicate that plant growth of all three crops was unaffected by the presence of (10% volume) spent rockwool in the compost. In all cases, increase in application rate of compost enhanced plant growth significantly. While the growth of tomato was unaffected by soil type, shoot weights of okra and chili pepper plants were significantly lower in sandy soil compared to clay loam soil.
摘要岩棉是一种在水培工业中流行的惰性生长介质。最终,岩棉用植物材料填充,必须更换并处理残留物。这种材料的堆肥将节省垃圾填埋场的空间。尽管岩棉本身是稳定的,但收获后残留的根和其他植物材料会分解。我们研究了将绿垃圾原料与废岩棉以10%体积混合堆肥对植物生长的影响。用两种类型的土壤进行了温室试验:沙壤土和粘土,每种土壤都有和没有岩棉,并以0、25、50和100 t ha−1的速率施用到花盆中,然后用秋葵、番茄或辣椒播种。结果表明,所有三种作物的植物生长都不受堆肥中存在(10%体积)废岩棉的影响。在所有情况下,堆肥施用量的增加都显著促进了植物的生长。虽然番茄的生长不受土壤类型的影响,但在沙质土壤中,秋葵和辣椒植株的茎重明显低于粘壤土。
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引用次数: 2
Influence of Composted Wastewater Sludge (CWS) on Lead and Copper Uptake by Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) 污泥堆肥对萝卜吸收铅和铜的影响
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1496044
K. K. Onchoke, I. T. Urasa, Barbara G. Shipes
Abstract The potential risk of increased metal concentrations through the application of composted wastewater sludge (CWS) is of concern. In particular, the high affinity of composted wastewater sludge for metals such as Pb, may influence the extent of metal uptake by plants. In this study, a sequential extraction protocol was employed to determine the fractionation and bioavailability of Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Fe in CWS. To evaluate the influence of CWS on metal uptake, a fast growing plant Raphanus sativus L. (cultivated radish), was grown in CWS amended with perlite at four different compositions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100% w/w) treated with Pb and Cu. Plants were harvested after 3 weeks and analyzed for Pb and Cu concentrations. The extent of metal uptake, and intercompetitions between Cu and Pb upon application, at pH 7.3 and 5.8 was also assessed. Best growth was apparent at 25% to 50% (w/w) CWS composition, while an increase in the pH lowered Pb and Cu concentrations in plant tissues. Higher metal concentrations were found in roots vis-à-vis shoot or leaves. In was found that longer incubation periods of more than 3 weeks are needed for metal salts supplied in the inorganic form to be incorporated into the CWS structure and reduce their uptake.
通过应用堆肥废水污泥(CWS)增加金属浓度的潜在风险受到关注。特别是,堆肥废水污泥对铅等金属的高亲和力可能会影响植物对金属的吸收程度。在本研究中,采用顺序萃取法测定了CWS中Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd、Zn、Ni和Fe的分离和生物利用度。为了评价水煤浆对金属吸收的影响,以快速生长的萝卜Raphanus sativus L.(栽培萝卜)为研究对象,在添加了Pb和Cu的4种不同成分(0、25、50、75、100% w/w)珍珠岩的水煤浆中生长。3周后收获植株,分析Pb和Cu浓度。还评估了在pH 7.3和5.8下施用时金属的吸收程度以及Cu和Pb之间的相互竞争。在25% ~ 50% (w/w) CWS配比下,植株生长最佳,pH升高可降低植株组织中Pb和Cu的浓度。根中金属含量高于-à-vis茎或叶。研究发现,以无机形式提供的金属盐需要3周以上的较长潜伏期才能被纳入水煤浆结构并减少它们的吸收。
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引用次数: 1
Use of Organic Compost for the Fertilization of Piatã and Paiaguás Grasses: Effects of Dose on Morphogenetic, Structural, Nutritional, and Productive Characteristics 使用有机堆肥对Piatã和Paiaguás禾草的施肥:剂量对形态发生、结构、营养和生产特性的影响
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1457998
M. A. O. Orrico Junior, A. P. Silveira, A. Orrico, A. W. Schwingel, Paulo Lópes Carnavali, Daniel Chiari Alves
ABSTRACT The use of organic compost in pasture fertilization is a form of recycling nutrients contained in waste and reducing chemical fertilizer use. To perform pasture fertilization, however, grass responses to doses of organic composts must be known. Thus, the objective of this study was to find the best dose of laying hen organic compost to maximize the productive, morphogenetic, structural, and nutritional responses of Paiaguás and Piatã grasses. A completely randomized factorial (4 × 2) design was used, composed of organic compost doses (0, 400, 800, and 1,200 kg equivalent N.ha−1) and two cultivars (Piatã and Paiaguás) of Urochloa brizantha grass with three replicates per treatment, assessed during four successive cuts. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DM) of shoots and roots, leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), phyllochron, pseudoculm elongation rate (PER), final leaf length (FLL), number of green leaves (NGL), and senescence rate (SR). The nutritional value of the grasses was also assessed through contents of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). DM yields of both shoot and root increased due to nitrogen increase and Paiaguás grass had the highest yields (P < 0.01). The best organic compost doses ranged from 640 to 950 kg of equivalent N.ha−1 for most morphogenic and structural grass characteristics. The chemical composition of grasses was not influenced (P > 0.05) by doses of organic compost. Levels of 8.05% CP, 67.10% NDF, and 65.14% IVOMD were observed for cultivar Paiaguás, while for cultivar Piatã these values were 7.58% CP, 70.32% NDF, and 63.38% IVOMD. It is concluded that high doses of an organic compost are required (in equivalent N) for cultivars to reach the highest growth rates and that Paiaguás grass has higher dry matter yield, higher growth rates, and better chemical composition when compared to Piatã grass in similar organic fertilization conditions.
在牧草施肥中施用有机堆肥是一种循环利用废弃物中所含养分,减少化肥用量的方式。然而,要进行牧草施肥,必须了解牧草对有机堆肥剂量的反应。因此,本研究的目的是找到蛋鸡有机堆肥的最佳剂量,以最大限度地提高Paiaguás和Piatã草的生产、形态发生、结构和营养反应。采用完全随机因子(4 × 2)设计,由有机堆肥剂量(0,400,800和1,200 kg当量N.ha - 1)和两个品种(Piatã和Paiaguás)组成,每个处理3个重复,在4次连续切割期间进行评估。评估的参数包括茎和根的干物质产量(DM)、叶片外观率(LAR)、叶片伸长率(LER)、叶长、假茎伸长率(PER)、终叶长(FLL)、绿叶数(NGL)和衰老率(SR)。通过干物质、有机质、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和体外有机物消化率(IVOMD)的含量来评价各牧草的营养价值。施氮量增加后,茎部和根部的DM产量均增加,以Paiaguás草产量最高(P < 0.01)。对于大多数形态形成和结构特征而言,最佳有机堆肥用量为640 ~ 950 kg当量N.ha - 1。施用有机肥对牧草的化学成分无显著影响(P < 0.05)。Paiaguás品种CP含量为8.05%,NDF含量为67.10%,IVOMD含量为65.14%,Piatã品种CP含量为7.58%,NDF含量为70.32%,IVOMD含量为63.38%。综上所述,要达到最高的生长率,需要高剂量的有机堆肥(以等量N为单位),与相似有机肥条件下的Piatã草相比,Paiaguás草具有更高的干物质产量、更高的生长率和更好的化学成分。
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引用次数: 5
Microbial Diversity in Compost is Critical in Suppressing Plant Fungal Pathogen Survival and Enhancing Cucumber Seedling Growth 堆肥中的微生物多样性对抑制植物真菌病原体存活和促进黄瓜幼苗生长至关重要
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1438933
Yune Cao, Yongqiang Tian, Yanming Gao, Jianshe Li
ABSTRACT Compost is commonly used in agriculture to improve soil quality and enhance plant growth, which is considered to be related to microbial communities in compost. However, effects of microbial communities in compost on infecting microorganisms have remained underexplored. In this study, cucumber seedlings were grown in sterilized potting mix amended with sterilized straw composts inoculated with suspensions (4 dilution levels including 100, 10−3, 10−6, and 10−9) of the same compost that was not sterilized. Cucumber seedlings were challenged by a pathogenic F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. The microbial communities were evaluated by using a 16 S rRNA multiplex 454 pyrosequencing approach. In general, in the presence of F. oxysporum sp. radicis-cucumerinum, increasing dilution level increased disease severity index and decreased plant productivity. The logarithmic numbers of F. oxysporum sp. radicis-cucumerinum were significantly negatively correlated with the bacterial phylum and OTU (Operational taxonomic unit) richness in compost. The promotion of F. oxysporum sp. radicis-cucumerinum survival in compost with low microbial diversity, might be related to loss of antagonistic activity (as reflected by the copy numbers of the genes rhlB and hcnBC), which was caused by loss of microbial diversity in compost. In summary, microbial diversity in compost is critical in suppressing plant pathogen survival and then enhancing cucumber seedling growth.
摘要堆肥在农业中常用于改善土壤质量和促进植物生长,这被认为与堆肥中的微生物群落有关。然而,堆肥中微生物群落对感染微生物的影响尚未得到充分的研究。在这项研究中,黄瓜幼苗生长在用无菌稻草堆肥改良的无菌盆栽混合物中,用未灭菌的相同堆肥的悬浮液(4种稀释水平,包括100、10−3、10−6和10−9)接种。黄瓜幼苗受到病原性尖孢镰刀菌的攻击。通过使用16S rRNA多重454焦磷酸测序方法来评估微生物群落。一般来说,在尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum sp.radicis cucuminum)存在的情况下,稀释水平的增加增加了疾病严重程度指数,降低了植物生产力。尖孢镰刀菌的对数与堆肥中的细菌门和OTU(操作分类单元)丰富度呈显著负相关。在微生物多样性较低的堆肥中,促进尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum sp.radicis cucuminum)的存活可能与堆肥中微生物多样性的丧失引起的拮抗活性的丧失有关(如基因rhlB和hcnBC的拷贝数所反映)。总之,堆肥中的微生物多样性对于抑制植物病原体的存活,进而促进黄瓜幼苗的生长至关重要。
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引用次数: 6
Reproduction Efficiency of Eisenia foetida and Substrate Changes During Vermicomposting of Organic Materials 有机材料蚯蚓堆肥过程中狼Eisenia foetida繁殖效率及基质变化
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1463877
A. Biabani, L. Carpenter-Boggs, A. Gholizadeh, M. Vafaie-Tabar, Mohammad Osman Omara
ABSTRACT Vermicomposting is the processing of organic substrates through digestion by worms, usually Eisenia foetida. The physico-chemical characteristics of the substrates and health of the worms are important parameter for effective vermicomposting. This study assessed reproduction efficiency and reproductive rate of E. foetida and changes in EC, pH, organic C, total Nitrogen and C:N ratio by vermicomposting different substrate mixtures. The study was performed as a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates. Manures from sheep and horse were tested alone and mixed at 50 and 75% with residues of alfalfa and wheat straw. Wheat straw was also tested alone and mixed at 75% with 25% chicken manure. E. foetida were added to the mixtures and allowed to process the substrate mixtures for three months. Final EC, pH, organic C and N levels of vermicompost were measured, as well as the reproductive efficiency and reproductive rate of the E. foetida. All measured characteristics of the finished vermicompost were significantly different depending on substrate. Substrates also changed to differing degrees during vermicomposting. Total C and EC increased in all substrates; and pH, total N, and C:N decreased in all substrates during vermicomposting The greatest change of EC was in the 25% alfalfa + 75% sheep manure mixture, which was 12.8 dS.m-1 initially and 18.6 dS.m-1 in finished vermicompost. Overall, pH declined and EC increased during the preparing of vermicompost.
摘要蠕虫堆肥是指通过蠕虫(通常是Eisenia foetida)消化有机基质的过程。基质的理化特性和蚯蚓的健康状况是蚯蚓有效堆肥的重要参数。本研究评价了蚯蚓堆肥处理不同基质混合物对粪足线虫繁殖效率和繁殖率的影响,以及蚯蚓堆肥处理对粪足线虫EC、pH、有机C、总氮和C:N比值的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,共10个处理,4个重复。分别对羊和马的粪便进行单独测试,并将苜蓿和麦秸的残留物按50%和75%混合。麦秸单独进行试验,并以75%的比例与25%的鸡粪混合。将E. foetida添加到混合物中,并允许处理基质混合物三个月。测定蚓粪的最终EC、pH、有机C和N水平,以及蚓粪的繁殖效率和繁殖率。成品蚯蚓堆肥的所有测量特性都因基质的不同而有显著差异。蚯蚓堆肥过程中基质也有不同程度的变化。总C和EC均升高;pH、总氮和C:N均呈下降趋势,其中25%苜蓿+ 75%羊粪混合堆肥的EC变化最大,为12.8 dS。初始为m-1, dS为18.6。成品蚯蚓堆肥中的M-1。总体而言,在制备蚯蚓堆肥过程中,pH降低,EC增加。
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引用次数: 9
UV–Visible and Fluorescence Green Waste Composts Monitoring: Material Dependency 紫外线-可见光和荧光绿色废物堆肥监测:材料依赖性
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1434023
M. Abaker, M. Domeizel, O. R. Mouloubou, N. Rapetti, S. Mounier
ABSTRACT The most frequent way to survey green waste composts is to monitor the temperature during the composting process. However, if the temperature is a good index for global biological processes, it is not for the chemical stability. In order to identify a reliable index, this work investigates water extraction coupled to spectroscopic indexes such as E2/E3, E4/E6, and SUVA254 ratios, and fluorescence indexes such as Kalbitz, Milori, CP/PARAFAC, and Fluorescence Region Integration. The measurements of these indexes are carried out with six samples from different sites with different green waste material composition. The results show that most indexes depend on the green waste origin more than the composting time; some depend mostly on the material origin while others on compost age. A comparison of these results indicates that the biochemical process occurs more rapidly than expected by the compost producers. The combination of these indicators gives useful information on the processes that take place during composting.
摘要调查绿色垃圾堆肥最常见的方法是监测堆肥过程中的温度。然而,如果温度是全球生物过程的一个好指标,那么它就不是化学稳定性的指标。为了确定可靠的指标,本工作研究了水提取与光谱指标(如E2/E3、E4/E6和SUVA254比率)以及荧光指标(如Kalbitz、Milori、CP/PARAFAC和荧光区积分)的耦合。这些指标的测量是用来自不同地点的六个具有不同绿色废物成分的样品进行的。结果表明,大多数指标更多地取决于绿色垃圾的来源,而不是堆肥时间;有些主要取决于材料来源,而另一些则取决于堆肥年龄。这些结果的比较表明,生化过程的发生速度比堆肥生产商预期的要快。这些指标的结合为堆肥过程提供了有用的信息。
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引用次数: 2
Study of Total Bacteria and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea in Response to Irrigation with Sewage Sludge Compost Tea in Agricultural Soil 农业土壤中总细菌、氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌对污泥堆肥茶灌溉反应的研究
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1432429
M. Vela-Cano, M. Gómez-Brandón, C. Pesciaroli, H. Insam, Jesús González-López
ABSTRACT Organic amendments have been shown to improve the quality of agricultural soils. Thus, the use of sewage sludge compost tea as a fertilizer can be considered a worthy and environmentally friendly alternative as it also offers the option of recycling sludge at the same time. However, an in-depth knowledge of how the addition of this product affects soil microbial diversity is still necessary. As such, the main objective of this study was to evaluate, at a microcosm level, the effects of irrigation with sewage sludge compost tea in an olive grove soil, focusing on the changes in the total bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). For this purpose plastic pots were filled with olive grove soil, watered with different amounts of water and/or compost tea, and incubated at 21 and 35°C for a period of 90 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting, real-time PCR, and 454-pyrosequencing analysis were performed. Our results suggested that the addition of sewage sludge compost tea (liquid fertilizer) slightly increased the soil biological diversity during the incubation time which suggests that sewage sludge compost tea did not have any negative effects in the soil microbiota. Accordingly and regardless of the incubation temperature, significant changes in the soil community structure were not observed throughout the experiment, suggesting that the treated soils maintained their microbiological stability.
有机改良剂已被证明可以改善农业土壤的质量。因此,使用污水污泥堆肥茶作为肥料可以被认为是一个有价值的和环保的替代品,因为它同时也提供了回收污泥的选择。然而,深入了解该产品的添加如何影响土壤微生物多样性仍然是必要的。因此,本研究的主要目的是在微观水平上评价污水污泥堆肥茶灌溉在橄榄园土壤中的效果,重点关注总细菌、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古细菌(AOA)的变化。为此,在塑料罐中装满橄榄园土壤,用不同量的水和/或堆肥茶浇灌,并在21和35°C下孵育90天。变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱、实时PCR和454焦磷酸测序分析。结果表明,污泥堆肥茶(液肥)的添加在孵育期间对土壤生物多样性略有增加,表明污泥堆肥茶对土壤微生物群没有任何负面影响。因此,无论孵育温度如何,在整个实验过程中都没有观察到土壤群落结构的显著变化,这表明处理过的土壤保持了微生物稳定性。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of Diverse Compost Products on Soilborne Diseases of Potato 不同堆肥产品对马铃薯土传病害的影响
4区 农林科学 Q2 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2018-05-21 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1432430
Carolyn Wilson, B. Zebarth, C. Goyer, D. Burton
ABSTRACT Soilborne diseases result in major economic losses for potato producers. Compost application can reduce soilborne diseases, however the effects of compost products on potato disease severity and incidence are still unclear. Diverse compost products were compared for their effects on soilborne diseases of potato in New Brunswick, Canada using field and growth room experiments. In the field, five products were applied at 45 Mg ha−1 dry weight to field plots in October of 2014 and 2015. In the growth room experiment, seven products were mixed to a 5% w/w ratio with naturally infested soil. Tubers were assessed for disease severity and incidence and compared with a no compost addition control. Severity of symptoms of silver scurf, black scurf (BS), common scab (CS), and powdery scab varied among treatments, experiments, and years. In the field experiment, BS severity was significantly greater in the control than in the poultry manure compost treatment (3.26% versus 0.90%) in 2016. Common scab severity and incidence in the field were positively related to soil pH and negatively related to soil particulate organic matter C and compost C concentrations. In the growth room experiment, CS severity was significantly greater in the control (8.98%) than in the municipal source separated organic compost and sea-waste compost treatments (1.72 and 2.47%, respectively). In this study, compost products had a significant, but inconsistent, suppressive effect on soilborne potato diseases. The quantity of compost C, rather than compost quality, was likely the most important factor in disease suppression in this study.
土传病害是马铃薯生产者的重大经济损失。施用堆肥可以减少土传病害,但堆肥产品对马铃薯病害严重程度和发病率的影响尚不清楚。通过田间和室内试验,比较了不同堆肥产品对加拿大新不伦瑞克省马铃薯土传病害的防治效果。在田间,于2014年10月和2015年10月在田间地块施用45 Mg ha−1干重的5种产品。在生长室试验中,将7种产品与自然侵染土壤按5% w/w的比例混合。评估了块茎的疾病严重程度和发病率,并与不添加堆肥的对照进行了比较。银屑、黑屑(BS)、普通痂(CS)和粉状痂的症状严重程度因治疗、实验和年份而异。在2016年的田间试验中,对照组的BS严重程度显著高于禽粪堆肥处理(3.26%比0.90%)。田间常见赤霉病的严重程度和发生率与土壤pH呈正相关,与土壤颗粒有机质C和堆肥C浓度呈负相关。在生长室试验中,对照的CS严重程度(8.98%)显著高于城市源分离有机堆肥处理和海洋垃圾堆肥处理(分别为1.72%和2.47%)。在本研究中,堆肥产品对马铃薯土传病害有显著但不一致的抑制作用。在本研究中,堆肥C的数量,而不是堆肥质量,可能是抑制病害的最重要因素。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Compost Science & Utilization
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