Pub Date : 2017-11-30DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1295886
Pengxiang Xu, Ji Li
ABSTRACT Effects of one commercial microbial inoculant (named VT microbial inoculant) on the composting of pig manure were studied. Two treatment piles were prepared in this study, in which one pile was inoculated with VT and another pile without VT. The results indicated that inoculation could accelerate the temperature rising at the start of composting. Based on the chemical parameters, the VT treatment showed higher N, P2O5, K2O, and macronutrient (NPK) content than the CK treatment. The statistical analysis showed that the P2O5, K2O, and NPK content had a significant difference (P < 0.05) between VT and CK treatments at the end of composting, which showed that VT inoculant accelerated the transformation of macronutrient in the end compost product. The changes of total organic carbon indicated that VT additive could accelerate the decomposition of organic carbon, which had a significant difference (P = 0.023) compared with CK. At the end of the composting, the germination index value of VT treatment (80%) was higher than the control (60%). These results suggested that the inoculation of VT microbial agent was a feasible strategy to convert animal wastes into compost efficiently.
{"title":"Effects of Microbial Inoculant on Physical and Chemical Properties in Pig Manure Composting","authors":"Pengxiang Xu, Ji Li","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1295886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1295886","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Effects of one commercial microbial inoculant (named VT microbial inoculant) on the composting of pig manure were studied. Two treatment piles were prepared in this study, in which one pile was inoculated with VT and another pile without VT. The results indicated that inoculation could accelerate the temperature rising at the start of composting. Based on the chemical parameters, the VT treatment showed higher N, P2O5, K2O, and macronutrient (NPK) content than the CK treatment. The statistical analysis showed that the P2O5, K2O, and NPK content had a significant difference (P < 0.05) between VT and CK treatments at the end of composting, which showed that VT inoculant accelerated the transformation of macronutrient in the end compost product. The changes of total organic carbon indicated that VT additive could accelerate the decomposition of organic carbon, which had a significant difference (P = 0.023) compared with CK. At the end of the composting, the germination index value of VT treatment (80%) was higher than the control (60%). These results suggested that the inoculation of VT microbial agent was a feasible strategy to convert animal wastes into compost efficiently.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"25 1","pages":"S37 - S42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1295886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of different organic fertilizers (general organic fertilizer, GOF; biogas residue, BR; refined organic fertilizer, ROF) as compared to no fertilizer on the composition of the soil organic matter. Different scales of experiment (sand filtration tube, pot, and field plot experiment) were conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizers. The results showed that application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil organic matter and improve its quality. The content of soil organic carbon and humus increased with the growing of fertilization within a certain range (0∼38 t ha−1). In sand filtration tube experiment, ROF can significantly increase the quality of humic acid (HA)/ fulvic acid (FA), while it had little effect on the quality of HA/FA in the pot and plot experiment. In the field plot experiment, application with mid-dosage (38 t ha−1) of ROF can improve total organic carbon (TOC), HA and FA (by 70%, 89%, and 74%, respectively) compared with the control, and it had the best effect of all. BR for its incomplete fermented, had the worst effect of all. Therefore, ROF with 38 t·ha−1 could be used as the optimal fertilization scheme for the purpose of improving soil organic carbon.
{"title":"Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers Application on Soil Organic Matter Properties","authors":"Shuyan Li, Jijin Li, Guoxue Li, Yangyang Li, Jing Yuan, Danyang Li","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1344160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1344160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of different organic fertilizers (general organic fertilizer, GOF; biogas residue, BR; refined organic fertilizer, ROF) as compared to no fertilizer on the composition of the soil organic matter. Different scales of experiment (sand filtration tube, pot, and field plot experiment) were conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizers. The results showed that application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil organic matter and improve its quality. The content of soil organic carbon and humus increased with the growing of fertilization within a certain range (0∼38 t ha−1). In sand filtration tube experiment, ROF can significantly increase the quality of humic acid (HA)/ fulvic acid (FA), while it had little effect on the quality of HA/FA in the pot and plot experiment. In the field plot experiment, application with mid-dosage (38 t ha−1) of ROF can improve total organic carbon (TOC), HA and FA (by 70%, 89%, and 74%, respectively) compared with the control, and it had the best effect of all. BR for its incomplete fermented, had the worst effect of all. Therefore, ROF with 38 t·ha−1 could be used as the optimal fertilization scheme for the purpose of improving soil organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"25 1","pages":"S31 - S36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1344160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-13DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1342105
P. H'ng, E. Chai, K. Chin, S. Peng, W. M. Wan-Azha, I. Halimatun, W. Z. Go, P. S. Khoo, C. L. Lee, R. A. Raja-Nazrin, S. N. Ashikin
ABSTRACT Empty fruit bunches (EFB), coffee grounds (CG), and palm oil mill sludge (POMS) were composted in the laboratory for 60 days in order to study the composting process of lignocellulosic food industry wastes. In the first part of the experiment, EFB, CG, and POMS were composted alone (composting of single lignocellulosic material), and in the second part, EFB was composted with CG (1EFB:1CG ratio) and POMS (1EFB:1POMS ratio). The effects of different turning frequencies on the physical and chemical properties of composting were observed and its relation with the degradation process was highlighted. Results showed that oil and grease were first degraded, followed by recalcitrant compounds like alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded mainly during the 60 days of composting, and the progressive reduction of the cellulose/lignin ratio proved that the main evolution of these wastes took place. It was observed that 3, 6, and 9 days of turning frequency did not affect the physicochemical properties of the compost. Composting EFB alone failed to achieve the required quality of maturity compost within 60 days, while CG and POMS recorded low in biological activity. Better results were shown in composting of EFB mixed with coffee grounds and POMS, the C/N ratio dropped to less than 20 by the 8th week of the composting period. Composting of mixed lignocellulosic materials showed larger changes compared to composting of single lignocellulosic material, reaching a C/N ratio below 20 within 8 weeks.
{"title":"Evolution of Organic Matter Within Sixty Days of Composting of Lignocellulosic Food Industry Waste in Malaysia","authors":"P. H'ng, E. Chai, K. Chin, S. Peng, W. M. Wan-Azha, I. Halimatun, W. Z. Go, P. S. Khoo, C. L. Lee, R. A. Raja-Nazrin, S. N. Ashikin","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1342105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1342105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Empty fruit bunches (EFB), coffee grounds (CG), and palm oil mill sludge (POMS) were composted in the laboratory for 60 days in order to study the composting process of lignocellulosic food industry wastes. In the first part of the experiment, EFB, CG, and POMS were composted alone (composting of single lignocellulosic material), and in the second part, EFB was composted with CG (1EFB:1CG ratio) and POMS (1EFB:1POMS ratio). The effects of different turning frequencies on the physical and chemical properties of composting were observed and its relation with the degradation process was highlighted. Results showed that oil and grease were first degraded, followed by recalcitrant compounds like alpha-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded mainly during the 60 days of composting, and the progressive reduction of the cellulose/lignin ratio proved that the main evolution of these wastes took place. It was observed that 3, 6, and 9 days of turning frequency did not affect the physicochemical properties of the compost. Composting EFB alone failed to achieve the required quality of maturity compost within 60 days, while CG and POMS recorded low in biological activity. Better results were shown in composting of EFB mixed with coffee grounds and POMS, the C/N ratio dropped to less than 20 by the 8th week of the composting period. Composting of mixed lignocellulosic materials showed larger changes compared to composting of single lignocellulosic material, reaching a C/N ratio below 20 within 8 weeks.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"26 1","pages":"16 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1342105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-09DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1362675
Vidya de Gannes, G. Eudoxie, W. J. Hickey
ABSTRACT Quantity and quality of readily degradable carbon influences the composting process especially for compost mixture high in lignocellulotic material. Effects of carbon source on stability and maturity of compost from in-vessel systems are poorly understood. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon composition of feedstock on the evolution of stability indices and reliability of maturity tests for accelerated vessel composting systems. Rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee hulls were composted in a modified rotary in-vessel composter amended with either cattle or sheep manure. Distinct evolution patterns were observed across carbon sources for temperature, with the sugarcane compost never attaining thermophilic temperatures. Time to peak temperature and return to ambient were significantly different between the rice and coffee compost. Comparatively, organic matter degradation followed a similar pattern for all carbon sources, although rice straw showed the faster degradative rate and coffee hulls the greatest overall loss. Both pH and electrical conductivity were inappropriate stability indices across carbon sources, while the NH4+/NO3− ratio was lower than the threshold from week 1. The Solvita® maturity test was the best suited quality indicator and was related to compost respiration. The rice compost at week 12 was the only mature compost with an index value of 7. However, the coffee compost was in the curing stage with a value of 6. In vitro phytotoxicity assays on hot pepper contrasted the Sovita® interpretation for rice compost, which showed the lowest germination index. All compost had a stimulatory effect on cucumber seeds. In vivo seeding assays corroborated in vitro results with rice compost showing the greatest negative effect, augmented at 100% compost inclusion. Carbon source significantly influenced compost stability and maturity indices, which suggests that greater attention should be directed to quality indices in relation to feedstock composition.
{"title":"Feedstock Carbon Influence on Compost Biochemical Stability and Maturity","authors":"Vidya de Gannes, G. Eudoxie, W. J. Hickey","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1362675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1362675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Quantity and quality of readily degradable carbon influences the composting process especially for compost mixture high in lignocellulotic material. Effects of carbon source on stability and maturity of compost from in-vessel systems are poorly understood. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon composition of feedstock on the evolution of stability indices and reliability of maturity tests for accelerated vessel composting systems. Rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and coffee hulls were composted in a modified rotary in-vessel composter amended with either cattle or sheep manure. Distinct evolution patterns were observed across carbon sources for temperature, with the sugarcane compost never attaining thermophilic temperatures. Time to peak temperature and return to ambient were significantly different between the rice and coffee compost. Comparatively, organic matter degradation followed a similar pattern for all carbon sources, although rice straw showed the faster degradative rate and coffee hulls the greatest overall loss. Both pH and electrical conductivity were inappropriate stability indices across carbon sources, while the NH4+/NO3− ratio was lower than the threshold from week 1. The Solvita® maturity test was the best suited quality indicator and was related to compost respiration. The rice compost at week 12 was the only mature compost with an index value of 7. However, the coffee compost was in the curing stage with a value of 6. In vitro phytotoxicity assays on hot pepper contrasted the Sovita® interpretation for rice compost, which showed the lowest germination index. All compost had a stimulatory effect on cucumber seeds. In vivo seeding assays corroborated in vitro results with rice compost showing the greatest negative effect, augmented at 100% compost inclusion. Carbon source significantly influenced compost stability and maturity indices, which suggests that greater attention should be directed to quality indices in relation to feedstock composition.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"26 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1362675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48461896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1333932
J. Pérez-Gómez, M. Abud-Archila, J. J. Villalobos-Maldonado, S. Enciso-Sáenz, Héctor Hernández de León, V. Ruíz-Valdiviezo, F. Gutiérrez-Miceli
ABSTRACT Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major crop worldwide after cereals. Some producers use irrigation water with high salinity, which consequently decreases the agronomic yield and potato quality. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on plant growth and tuber yield and characteristic traits in Solanum tuberosum L. plants and tubers subjected to salinity stress. A surface response experimental design with three replicates using a central point and 15 treatments was used with vermicompost at 300, 580, and 860 g plant−1; vermiwash at 5, 10, and 15 ml plant−1; and salinity stress with 15, 20, and 25 mM of NaCl levels. Plant physiological measurements included plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), and plant fresh and plant dry weight (g). Six months after planting, measurements on tuber fresh weight, pH, electric conductivity, and °Brix were carried out. The addition of vermicompost and vermiwash minimized the influence of salinity stress on growth parameters and tuber characteristics in potato plants. Vermicompost (580 g plant−1) plus vermiwash (15 ml plant−1) induced a greater plant height and stem diameter. Plants amended with vermicompost (860 g plant−1), vermiwash (15 ml plant−1), and salinity stress (15 mM) had higher pH values, whereas electrical conductivity value in potato tubers decreased.
{"title":"Vermicompost and Vermiwash Minimized the Influence of Salinity Stress on Growth Parameters in Potato Plants","authors":"J. Pérez-Gómez, M. Abud-Archila, J. J. Villalobos-Maldonado, S. Enciso-Sáenz, Héctor Hernández de León, V. Ruíz-Valdiviezo, F. Gutiérrez-Miceli","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1333932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1333932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major crop worldwide after cereals. Some producers use irrigation water with high salinity, which consequently decreases the agronomic yield and potato quality. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on plant growth and tuber yield and characteristic traits in Solanum tuberosum L. plants and tubers subjected to salinity stress. A surface response experimental design with three replicates using a central point and 15 treatments was used with vermicompost at 300, 580, and 860 g plant−1; vermiwash at 5, 10, and 15 ml plant−1; and salinity stress with 15, 20, and 25 mM of NaCl levels. Plant physiological measurements included plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), and plant fresh and plant dry weight (g). Six months after planting, measurements on tuber fresh weight, pH, electric conductivity, and °Brix were carried out. The addition of vermicompost and vermiwash minimized the influence of salinity stress on growth parameters and tuber characteristics in potato plants. Vermicompost (580 g plant−1) plus vermiwash (15 ml plant−1) induced a greater plant height and stem diameter. Plants amended with vermicompost (860 g plant−1), vermiwash (15 ml plant−1), and salinity stress (15 mM) had higher pH values, whereas electrical conductivity value in potato tubers decreased.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"25 1","pages":"282 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1333932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329037
Fan Yang, Guoxue Li, B. Zang, Zhiye Zhang
ABSTRACT This study investigated the maturity and gaseous emissions from vermicomposing with agricultural waste. A vermicomposting treatment (inoculated Eisenia fetida) was conducted over a 50-day period, taking tomato stems as the processing object and using cow dung as the nutrient substrate. A thermophilic composting treatment without earthworm inoculation was operated as a control treatment. During the experiment, maturity indexes such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, and germination index (GI) were determined and continuous measurements of earthworm biomass and CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions were carried out. The results showed that the temperature during vermicomposting was suitable for earthworm survival, and the earthworm biomass increased from 10.0 to 63.1 kg m−3. Vermicomposting took less time on average to reach the compost maturity standard (GI 80%), and reached a higher GI (132%) in the compost product compared with the thermophilic composting treatment. Moreover, the decrease of the C/N ratio in vermicompost indicated stabilization of the waste. The activities of earthworms played a positive role in reducing gaseous emissions in vermicompost, resulting in less emissions of NH3 (12.3% NH3-N of initial nitrogen) and total greenhouse gases (8.1 kg CO2-eq/t DM) than those from thermophilic compost (24.9% NH3-N of initial nitrogen, 22.8 kg CO2-eq/t DM). Therefore, it can be concluded that vermicomposting can shorten the period required to reach compost maturity, can obtain better maturity compost, and at the same time reduce gaseous emissions. As an added advantage, the earthworms after processing could have commercial uses.
摘要本研究研究了蚯蚓与农业废弃物堆肥的成熟度和气体排放。以番茄茎为处理对象，以牛粪为营养基质，接种粪Eisenia fetida进行蚯蚓堆肥处理，为期50 d。采用不接种蚯蚓的嗜热堆肥处理作为对照处理。试验期间测定了温度、pH、C/N比、萌发指数(GI)等成熟指标，并连续测定了蚯蚓生物量和CH4、N2O、NH3排放量。结果表明:蚯蚓堆肥温度适宜蚯蚓生存，蚯蚓生物量由10.0 kg m−3增加到63.1 kg m−3;蚯蚓堆肥达到堆肥成熟度标准(GI为80%)的平均时间较亲热堆肥短，堆肥产品GI为132%。此外，蚯蚓堆肥中碳氮比的降低表明垃圾趋于稳定。蚯蚓的活动对蚯蚓堆肥气体排放具有积极作用，其NH3排放量(初始氮的12.3%)和总温室气体排放量(8.1 kg CO2-eq/t DM)低于嗜热堆肥(24.9%初始氮的NH3- n, 22.8 kg CO2-eq/t DM)。综上所述，蚯蚓堆肥可以缩短达到堆肥成熟所需的时间，获得较好的成熟堆肥，同时减少气体排放。作为一个额外的优势，处理后的蚯蚓可以有商业用途。
{"title":"The Maturity and CH4, N2O, NH3 Emissions from Vermicomposting with Agricultural Waste","authors":"Fan Yang, Guoxue Li, B. Zang, Zhiye Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the maturity and gaseous emissions from vermicomposing with agricultural waste. A vermicomposting treatment (inoculated Eisenia fetida) was conducted over a 50-day period, taking tomato stems as the processing object and using cow dung as the nutrient substrate. A thermophilic composting treatment without earthworm inoculation was operated as a control treatment. During the experiment, maturity indexes such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, and germination index (GI) were determined and continuous measurements of earthworm biomass and CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions were carried out. The results showed that the temperature during vermicomposting was suitable for earthworm survival, and the earthworm biomass increased from 10.0 to 63.1 kg m−3. Vermicomposting took less time on average to reach the compost maturity standard (GI 80%), and reached a higher GI (132%) in the compost product compared with the thermophilic composting treatment. Moreover, the decrease of the C/N ratio in vermicompost indicated stabilization of the waste. The activities of earthworms played a positive role in reducing gaseous emissions in vermicompost, resulting in less emissions of NH3 (12.3% NH3-N of initial nitrogen) and total greenhouse gases (8.1 kg CO2-eq/t DM) than those from thermophilic compost (24.9% NH3-N of initial nitrogen, 22.8 kg CO2-eq/t DM). Therefore, it can be concluded that vermicomposting can shorten the period required to reach compost maturity, can obtain better maturity compost, and at the same time reduce gaseous emissions. As an added advantage, the earthworms after processing could have commercial uses.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"25 1","pages":"262 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329039
O. Latifah, O. Ahmed, N. M. Majid
ABSTRACT Tropical acid soils are highly weathered as they exist under tropical environment with high rainfall and temperature throughout the year, which affects nitrogen availability. Soil organic nitrogen is important in estimating soil nitrogen availability. The combined use of urea and compost in this study was carried out to decrease sole dependence on urea, buffer soil acidification, and reduce nitrogen losses through leaching. Thus, soil buffering capacity, incubation, and organic nitrogen fractionation studies were conducted to determine soil buffering capacity, availability of total nitrogen, organic fractions nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen in soil after 90 days of incubation following compost. Soil pH, buffering capacity, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen fractions, exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate were higher in all treatments with compost and combined use of urea and compost. Total hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, (ammonium + amino sugar)-nitrogen, amino sugar-nitrogen, and amino acid-nitrogen were higher in soils with urea and compost suggesting that decomposition of soil organic fractions nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and available nitrate was affected by the addition of urea and compost. Urea can be amended with compost to regulate availability nitrogen in soil for crop use.
{"title":"Soil pH Buffering Capacity and Nitrogen Availability Following Compost Application in a Tropical Acid Soil","authors":"O. Latifah, O. Ahmed, N. M. Majid","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tropical acid soils are highly weathered as they exist under tropical environment with high rainfall and temperature throughout the year, which affects nitrogen availability. Soil organic nitrogen is important in estimating soil nitrogen availability. The combined use of urea and compost in this study was carried out to decrease sole dependence on urea, buffer soil acidification, and reduce nitrogen losses through leaching. Thus, soil buffering capacity, incubation, and organic nitrogen fractionation studies were conducted to determine soil buffering capacity, availability of total nitrogen, organic fractions nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen in soil after 90 days of incubation following compost. Soil pH, buffering capacity, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen fractions, exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate were higher in all treatments with compost and combined use of urea and compost. Total hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, (ammonium + amino sugar)-nitrogen, amino sugar-nitrogen, and amino acid-nitrogen were higher in soils with urea and compost suggesting that decomposition of soil organic fractions nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and available nitrate was affected by the addition of urea and compost. Urea can be amended with compost to regulate availability nitrogen in soil for crop use.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1329038
G. Small, Brendan Sisombath, Lauren Reuss, R. Henry, A. Kay
ABSTRACT The composting of food waste coupled with urban agriculture presents an opportunity to increase nutrient recycling in urban ecosystems. One potential constraint limiting the expansion of aerobic food waste composting is the availability of carbon-rich recalcitrant materials, such as wood chips. We measured the differences in nutrient retention throughout the compost life cycle for different mixtures of barley mash to wood chips, to assess whether composting using proportionally less wood chips would lead to higher nutrient recycling rates. Nine compost piles (1 m3) were constructed at varying ratios barley mash to wood chips, ranging from 10:90 to 90:10. During the composting process, the 50:50 mixture maintained internal temperatures above 55°C for 30 days, with drop-offs as mixtures diverged in either direction. Food waste content was positively related to internal moisture and CO2, and negatively related to internal O2, throughout the ensuing 3 months. The finished compost was used in raised-bed garden plots during the following summer. Yields of arugula and tomatoes increased with compost barley mash content, saturating at high levels. Across all treatments, <5% of N and <2% of P were recycled from barley mash into new vegetable production. Although the maximum amount of nutrients was recycled using high barley mash compost, these treatments also had lower nutrient recycling efficiency compared to intermediate mixtures. These results indicate that the use of wood chips in composting increases the efficiency nutrient retention from food waste and in turn enhances nutrient recycling in urban environments.
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Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2017.1300547
Zobia Anwar, M. Irshad, M. Bilal, U. Irshad, F. Hafeez, G. Owens
ABSTRACT Safe management of animal and plant waste is one of the world's most important environmental challenges. Composting has been proposed as a useful technique for beneficially recycling wastes. This study showed that significant temporal changes in the nutrient availability occurred during the composting of cow manure with poplar leaf litter within 120 days. In particular, total C in the final compost was directly related to the addition of tree litter and inversely related to the time of composting, whereas extractable P and NO3 increased with increasing amounts of tree litter and ammonium showed the opposite trend. During the later stages of the composting process higher concentrations of water soluble K, Ca, Mg, and Na were observed. The major benefit observed was that heavy metal concentrations initially present in the manure were significantly reduced during composting. Heavy metals in the final compost decreased in the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The increased availability of plant nutrients following composting coupled with the lower extractability of heavy metals indicates that composting may be a sustainable option for agricultural waste recycling and increased productivity.
动植物废物的安全管理是世界上最重要的环境挑战之一。堆肥被认为是一种有益回收废物的技术。本研究表明，牛粪与杨叶凋落物堆肥120 d内，养分有效性发生了显著的时间变化。其中，最终堆肥中总C与凋落物添加量呈正相关，与堆肥时间呈负相关，可提取P和NO3随凋落物添加量的增加而增加，铵态氮则相反。在堆肥过程的后期，观察到较高浓度的水溶性K、Ca、Mg和Na。观察到的主要好处是，在堆肥过程中，粪便中最初存在的重金属浓度显著降低。最终堆肥中重金属含量的递减顺序为:Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd。堆肥后植物养分利用率的增加，加上重金属可提取性的降低，表明堆肥可能是农业废弃物回收和提高生产力的可持续选择。
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