Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69547
H. Ding, G. Sessler
Charge buildup in 30- mu m-thick films of polypropylene irradiated with monoenergetic electron beams of 10-45-keV energy is investigated. Using the split-Faraday cup, the mean charge depths at the beginning of electron injection, at the termination of injection, and 10 minutes after injection are measured. It is found that the depth increases with time during and after charging and depends on the 1.7th power of the electron energy. The depth increases also with the amount of injected charge. From the dynamics of charge motion during irradiation, the tradition-induced conductivity is determined a function of dose rate. It amounts to approximately 10/sup -14/ ( Omega .cm)/sup -1/ at 10/sup 4/ rad/s and is thus about an order of magnitude smaller than in Teflon.<>
{"title":"Charge buildup in polypropylene irradiated with monoenergetic electron beams","authors":"H. Ding, G. Sessler","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69547","url":null,"abstract":"Charge buildup in 30- mu m-thick films of polypropylene irradiated with monoenergetic electron beams of 10-45-keV energy is investigated. Using the split-Faraday cup, the mean charge depths at the beginning of electron injection, at the termination of injection, and 10 minutes after injection are measured. It is found that the depth increases with time during and after charging and depends on the 1.7th power of the electron energy. The depth increases also with the amount of injected charge. From the dynamics of charge motion during irradiation, the tradition-induced conductivity is determined a function of dose rate. It amounts to approximately 10/sup -14/ ( Omega .cm)/sup -1/ at 10/sup 4/ rad/s and is thus about an order of magnitude smaller than in Teflon.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"1 1","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74592975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69567
R. Coelho, L. Levy, D. Sarrail
The authors discuss 'local' models applicable to thin samples in which the injected charge density exceeds the intrinsic one. Experimental results are presented on such 'electrically inhomogeneous' samples. The experiment was performed on a Kapton sample in a space simulation chamber. The constant mobility hypothesis is valid provided that the initial field across the sample does not exceed some critical value. Comparison of the decay curves for bulk and surface charges permits an evaluation of the injection coefficient and its evolution. This in turn may help to improve the understanding of injection processes in dielectric materials, and to assess the effects of surface treatments.<>
{"title":"Transient voltage and injection in insulators","authors":"R. Coelho, L. Levy, D. Sarrail","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69567","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss 'local' models applicable to thin samples in which the injected charge density exceeds the intrinsic one. Experimental results are presented on such 'electrically inhomogeneous' samples. The experiment was performed on a Kapton sample in a space simulation chamber. The constant mobility hypothesis is valid provided that the initial field across the sample does not exceed some critical value. Comparison of the decay curves for bulk and surface charges permits an evaluation of the injection coefficient and its evolution. This in turn may help to improve the understanding of injection processes in dielectric materials, and to assess the effects of surface treatments.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"5 1","pages":"327-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72732740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69528
M. Pace, A. Wintenberg, T. V. Blalock, E. Kelley, G. FitzPatrick, C. Fenimore, H. Yamashita
The pressure dependence of partial discharges (PD) has been experimentally investigated at a needle electrode in hexane from subatmospheric pressure (near hexane vapor pressure) to several atmospheres. Each PD produces a phase transition in the liquid near the needle, which is photographed in synchronism with a characteristic pattern of current pulses. An image-preserving optical delay allows photography to commence just before or at inception of the discharge. Individual current pulses comprising a characteristic pattern are resolved. The cathode event consists of a short pressure-insensitive inception phase, a pressure-sensitive growth at a decreasing rate, and finally a detachment and dissipation, sometimes with noticeable contraction before detachment; increased pressure reduces the growth rate and lifetime. The accompanying characteristic current pulse pattern always ceases during the growth of the PD. For the anode event, less extensive data similarly show slowing of growth with increased pressure and a (different) characteristic current pulse pattern.<>
{"title":"Pressure effects on partial discharges in hexane under DC voltage","authors":"M. Pace, A. Wintenberg, T. V. Blalock, E. Kelley, G. FitzPatrick, C. Fenimore, H. Yamashita","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69528","url":null,"abstract":"The pressure dependence of partial discharges (PD) has been experimentally investigated at a needle electrode in hexane from subatmospheric pressure (near hexane vapor pressure) to several atmospheres. Each PD produces a phase transition in the liquid near the needle, which is photographed in synchronism with a characteristic pattern of current pulses. An image-preserving optical delay allows photography to commence just before or at inception of the discharge. Individual current pulses comprising a characteristic pattern are resolved. The cathode event consists of a short pressure-insensitive inception phase, a pressure-sensitive growth at a decreasing rate, and finally a detachment and dissipation, sometimes with noticeable contraction before detachment; increased pressure reduces the growth rate and lifetime. The accompanying characteristic current pulse pattern always ceases during the growth of the PD. For the anode event, less extensive data similarly show slowing of growth with increased pressure and a (different) characteristic current pulse pattern.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"222 1","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75040868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69530
Ren Peiyu, Zhong Guangming
An approach is developed which can be used to calculate the sparking and residual voltages V/sub s/ and V/sub r/, or the ratio between them, from the corner values V/sub p/ and V/sub q/ in a parallelogram. From a theoretical analysis of the parallelogram method, which is used for partial-discharge measurement, the width of the parallelogram is equal to the sum of the partial discharge inception voltage plus the voltage that equals the residual voltage of a void multiplied by a factor of 1+C/sub c//C/sub b/. If the sparking voltage is approximately equal to the residual voltage, the width of the parallelogram is approximately equal to the partial-discharge inception voltage multiplied by 2 square root 2. V/sub s/ and V/sub r/, or V/sub r//V/sub s/, can also be calculated from the corner parameters of parallelograms.<>
{"title":"Determination of sparking voltage and residual voltage of a void included in an electrical insulation system","authors":"Ren Peiyu, Zhong Guangming","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69530","url":null,"abstract":"An approach is developed which can be used to calculate the sparking and residual voltages V/sub s/ and V/sub r/, or the ratio between them, from the corner values V/sub p/ and V/sub q/ in a parallelogram. From a theoretical analysis of the parallelogram method, which is used for partial-discharge measurement, the width of the parallelogram is equal to the sum of the partial discharge inception voltage plus the voltage that equals the residual voltage of a void multiplied by a factor of 1+C/sub c//C/sub b/. If the sparking voltage is approximately equal to the residual voltage, the width of the parallelogram is approximately equal to the partial-discharge inception voltage multiplied by 2 square root 2. V/sub s/ and V/sub r/, or V/sub r//V/sub s/, can also be calculated from the corner parameters of parallelograms.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"144 1","pages":"99-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69570
S. Ochiai, H. Iwasaki, T. Mizutani, M. Ieda
Oil-polymer interactions were investigated using various combinations of polymer and oil. The current magnitudes in oil-polymer systems were in the following order: LDPE>HDPE>PP>PET>>FEP. These results are discussed, considering the solubility parameter (SP), the crystallinity of the polymer, and impurities in the polymer. It was found that the magnitude of the charging current in oil-polymer systems cannot be explained by the SP value alone. It is affected by impurities in the polymer (including antioxidant) close to the oil-polymer interface. Antioxidant is extracted from the polymer during sulfuric acid treatment. The treatment of sulfuric acid reduces the current and changes the TSC (thermally stimulated current) spectrum.<>
{"title":"Electrical conduction phenomena of oil/polymer systems","authors":"S. Ochiai, H. Iwasaki, T. Mizutani, M. Ieda","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69570","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-polymer interactions were investigated using various combinations of polymer and oil. The current magnitudes in oil-polymer systems were in the following order: LDPE>HDPE>PP>PET>>FEP. These results are discussed, considering the solubility parameter (SP), the crystallinity of the polymer, and impurities in the polymer. It was found that the magnitude of the charging current in oil-polymer systems cannot be explained by the SP value alone. It is affected by impurities in the polymer (including antioxidant) close to the oil-polymer interface. Antioxidant is extracted from the polymer during sulfuric acid treatment. The treatment of sulfuric acid reduces the current and changes the TSC (thermally stimulated current) spectrum.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"17 1","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78767508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69533
G. Letha, A. Venkatasami, T. Govindan
Experimental investigations conducted on a large number of experimental model samples made with polypropylene film and impregnated with SF/sub 6/ are reported. Samples and experiments were designed to identify and highlight the effects of critical factors, such as electrode material and configuration, winding tension, gas filling pressure, and impregnation cycle, on the partial-discharge behavior of the samples. It is noted that the results could serve as useful design data for the design of SF/sub 6/-filled high-voltage equipment using polypropylene film in particular and any plastic film in general.<>
{"title":"Partial discharge characteristics of gas impregnated polymeric insulation systems","authors":"G. Letha, A. Venkatasami, T. Govindan","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69533","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental investigations conducted on a large number of experimental model samples made with polypropylene film and impregnated with SF/sub 6/ are reported. Samples and experiments were designed to identify and highlight the effects of critical factors, such as electrode material and configuration, winding tension, gas filling pressure, and impregnation cycle, on the partial-discharge behavior of the samples. It is noted that the results could serve as useful design data for the design of SF/sub 6/-filled high-voltage equipment using polypropylene film in particular and any plastic film in general.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"58 3 1","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83695711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69543
Z. Yingsuo, Bai Yi
The authors show by analysis and examples that the rapid thermal endurance testing methods of insulating materials are all approximate and simulations, in spite of the fact that some seem to have a strictly mathematical derivation or theoretical demonstration. It is suggested that the merits of the rapid methods should be evaluated by comparing test results with conventional aging.<>
{"title":"Theoretical analysis for rapid thermal endurance methods of insulating materials","authors":"Z. Yingsuo, Bai Yi","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69543","url":null,"abstract":"The authors show by analysis and examples that the rapid thermal endurance testing methods of insulating materials are all approximate and simulations, in spite of the fact that some seem to have a strictly mathematical derivation or theoretical demonstration. It is suggested that the merits of the rapid methods should be evaluated by comparing test results with conventional aging.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"15 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69561
P. Kazimierski, M. Kryszewski, J. Tyczkowski
The electrical conductivity by electron hopping in the case of high electric fields is discussed with special attention to the Poole-Frenkel generation mechanism. Computer simulations of charge carriers tunneling between different kinds of localized states are presented. The model consequence is the existence of the exp(F/F/sub 0/) term in high-field direct current. These theoretical results are supported by measurements of current versus voltage characteristics for thin films of plasma polymers obtained by glow discharge in vapors of different organosilicon monomers. The present model also implies the existence of temperature-independent direct current in the case of sufficiently high electric fields.<>
{"title":"The high field conductivity in organosilicon plasma polymers","authors":"P. Kazimierski, M. Kryszewski, J. Tyczkowski","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69561","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conductivity by electron hopping in the case of high electric fields is discussed with special attention to the Poole-Frenkel generation mechanism. Computer simulations of charge carriers tunneling between different kinds of localized states are presented. The model consequence is the existence of the exp(F/F/sub 0/) term in high-field direct current. These theoretical results are supported by measurements of current versus voltage characteristics for thin films of plasma polymers obtained by glow discharge in vapors of different organosilicon monomers. The present model also implies the existence of temperature-independent direct current in the case of sufficiently high electric fields.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"38 1","pages":"290-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83238810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69572
M. Duval, F. Langdeau, P. Gervais, G. Bélanger
The influence of cellulose on acceptable gas-in-oil levels in high-voltage transformers as indicated by the value of the CO/sub 2//CO ratio is assessed by means of dissolved-gas analysis. The results presented here are based on 6932 gas-in-oil analyses on 1320 Hydro-Quebec transformers over a period of 20 years. Preliminary results indicate that C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ levels are affected by cellulose participation for both arcing and hot spots. The effect can be felt starting from CO/sub 2//CO ratios <6 for arcing and <2 for hot spots. These results suggest that the acceptable and dangerous levels of dissolved C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ in power transformers must be greatly reduced as the CO/sub 2//CO ratio in the oil decreases.<>
{"title":"Influence of paper insulation on acceptable gas-in-oil levels in transformers","authors":"M. Duval, F. Langdeau, P. Gervais, G. Bélanger","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69572","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of cellulose on acceptable gas-in-oil levels in high-voltage transformers as indicated by the value of the CO/sub 2//CO ratio is assessed by means of dissolved-gas analysis. The results presented here are based on 6932 gas-in-oil analyses on 1320 Hydro-Quebec transformers over a period of 20 years. Preliminary results indicate that C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ levels are affected by cellulose participation for both arcing and hot spots. The effect can be felt starting from CO/sub 2//CO ratios <6 for arcing and <2 for hot spots. These results suggest that the acceptable and dangerous levels of dissolved C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ in power transformers must be greatly reduced as the CO/sub 2//CO ratio in the oil decreases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"27 1","pages":"358-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86841632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-10-29DOI: 10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69535
K. Kokari, N. Sugawara, Y. Kaneko, H. Tagashira
The electrical discharge characteristics of mixtures of helium and oxygen having a constant oxygen partial pressure were investigated to evaluate the safety of electric systems used in an undersea habitat. A comparison is made with the discharge characteristics of air. The spark breakdown voltage of the mixtures of helium and oxygen is at least 1.3 times higher than that of dry air throughout the pressure range studied (from 0.4 to 4.91 MPa). The minimum corona onset voltage was lower at pressures up to about 1.3 MPa than that of dry air. It was confirmed that at pressure higher than 1.3 MPa, it is possible to use even the usual electrical equipment in the mixture of helium and oxygen prevalent in an undersea habitat. It is noted that the spark breakdown voltage for the mixture of helium and oxygen has a plateau in the pressure range from 0.8 to 2 MPa.
{"title":"DC discharge phenomena in artificial air for an undersea habitat","authors":"K. Kokari, N. Sugawara, Y. Kaneko, H. Tagashira","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1989.69535","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical discharge characteristics of mixtures of helium and oxygen having a constant oxygen partial pressure were investigated to evaluate the safety of electric systems used in an undersea habitat. A comparison is made with the discharge characteristics of air. The spark breakdown voltage of the mixtures of helium and oxygen is at least 1.3 times higher than that of dry air throughout the pressure range studied (from 0.4 to 4.91 MPa). The minimum corona onset voltage was lower at pressures up to about 1.3 MPa than that of dry air. It was confirmed that at pressure higher than 1.3 MPa, it is possible to use even the usual electrical equipment in the mixture of helium and oxygen prevalent in an undersea habitat. It is noted that the spark breakdown voltage for the mixture of helium and oxygen has a plateau in the pressure range from 0.8 to 2 MPa.","PeriodicalId":10719,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,","volume":"1 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89102987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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