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Resilient Power Systems Operation with Offshore Wind Farms and Cloud Data Centers 利用海上风电场和云数据中心实现电力系统的弹性运行
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.01470
Shengwei Liu;Yuanzheng Li;Xuan Liu;Tianyang Zhao;Peng Wang
To enhance the resilience of power systems with offshore wind farms (OWFs), a proactive scheduling scheme is proposed to unlock the flexibility of cloud data centers (CDCs) responding to uncertain spatial and temporal impacts induced by hurricanes. The total life simulation (TLS) is adopted to project the local weather conditions at transmission lines and OWFs, before, during, and after the hurricane. The static power curve of wind turbines (WTs) is used to capture the output of OWFs, and the fragility analysis of transmission-line components is used to formulate the time-varying failure rates of transmission lines. A novel distributionally robust ambiguity set is constructed with a discrete support set, where the impacts of hurricanes are depicted by these supports. To minimize load sheddings and dropping workloads, the spatial and temporal demand response capabilities of CDCs according to task migration and delay tolerance are incorporated into resilient management. The flexibilities of CDC's power consumption are integrated into a two-stage distributionally robust optimization problem with conditional value at risk (CVaR). Based on Lagrange duality, this problem is reformulated into its deterministic counterpart and solved by a novel decomposition method with hybrid cuts, admitting fewer iterations and a faster convergence rate. The effectiveness of the proposed resilient management strategy is verified through case studies conducted on the modified IEEE-RTS 24 system, which includes 4 data centers and 5 offshore wind farms.
为了提高海上风电场(OWFs)电力系统的恢复能力,本文提出了一种主动调度方案,以释放云数据中心(CDCs)的灵活性,应对飓风引发的不确定的空间和时间影响。采用全寿命仿真(TLS)预测输电线路和海上风电场在飓风之前、期间和之后的当地天气状况。利用风力涡轮机 (WT) 的静态功率曲线来捕捉 OWF 的输出,并利用输电线路组件的脆性分析来计算输电线路的时变故障率。利用离散支撑集构建了一个新颖的分布稳健模糊集,飓风的影响由这些支撑集来描述。为了最大限度地减少甩负荷和减少工作负荷,在弹性管理中纳入了 CDC 根据任务迁移和延迟容忍度做出的空间和时间需求响应能力。疾病控制中心功耗的灵活性被整合到一个具有条件风险值(CVaR)的两阶段分布式鲁棒优化问题中。基于拉格朗日对偶性,该问题被重新表述为其确定性对应问题,并通过一种带有混合切割的新型分解方法进行求解,从而减少了迭代次数,提高了收敛速度。通过对修改后的 IEEE-RTS 24 系统(包括 4 个数据中心和 5 个海上风电场)进行案例研究,验证了所提出的弹性管理策略的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Implicit Function Based Open-Loop Analysis Method for Detecting the SSR Using Identified System Parameters 利用已识别系统参数检测 SSR 的基于隐函数的开环分析方法
IF 6.9 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2021.05480
Luonan Qiu;Tianhao Wen;Yang Liu;Q. H. Wu
This paper proposes an implicit function based open-loop analysis method to detect the subsynchronous resonance(SSR), including asymmetric subsynchronous modal attraction(ASSMA) and asymmetric subsynchronous modal repulsion(ASSMR), of doubly-fed induction generator based wind farms(DFIG-WFs) penetrated power systems. As some important parameters of DFIG-WF are difficult to obtain, reinforcement learning and least squares method are applied to identify those important parameters. By predicting the location of closed-loop subsynchronous oscillation(SSO) modes based on the calculation of partial differentials of characteristic equation, both ASSMA and ASSMR can be found. The proposed method in this paper can select SSO modes which move to the right half complex planes as control parameters change. Besides, the proposed open-loop analysis method is adaptive to parameter uncertainty. Simulation studies are carried out on the 4-machine 11-bus power system to verify properties of the proposed method.
本文提出了一种基于隐函数的开环分析方法,用于检测穿透式双馈异步发电机风电场(DFIG-WFs)电力系统的次同步谐振(SSR),包括非对称次同步模态吸引(ASSMA)和非对称次同步模态排斥(ASSMR)。由于 DFIG-WF 的一些重要参数难以获得,因此采用了强化学习和最小二乘法来确定这些重要参数。通过基于特征方程偏微分计算预测闭环次同步振荡(SSO)模式的位置,可以找到 ASSMA 和 ASSMR。本文提出的方法可以选择随控制参数变化而向右半复平面移动的 SSO 模式。此外,本文提出的开环分析方法还能适应参数的不确定性。本文对 4 机 11 总线电力系统进行了仿真研究,以验证所提方法的特性。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Discrepancy of Power System Dynamic Security Assessment with Unknown Faults: A Reliable Transfer Learning-based Method 理解未知故障下电力系统动态安全评估的差异:基于迁移学习的可靠方法
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.00230
Chao Ren;Han Yu;Yan Xu;Zhao Yang Dong
This letter proposes a reliable transfer learning (RTL) method for pre-fault dynamic security assessment (DSA) in power systems to improve DSA performance in the presence of potentially related unknown faults. It takes individual discrep-ancies into consideration and can handle unknown faults with incomplete data. Extensive experiment results demonstrate high DSA accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed RTL method. Theoretical analysis shows RTL can guarantee system performance.
本文提出了一种用于电力系统故障前动态安全评估(DSA)的可靠迁移学习(RTL)方法,以提高 DSA 在潜在相关未知故障情况下的性能。该方法将个体差异考虑在内,可处理数据不完整的未知故障。大量实验结果表明,所提出的 RTL 方法具有较高的 DSA 精度和计算效率。理论分析表明 RTL 可以保证系统性能。
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引用次数: 0
Model Predictive Current Control for Low-Cost Shunt Active Power Filter 低成本并联有源电力滤波器的模型预测电流控制
IF 6.9 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.00570
Ali A. Abdel-Aziz;Mohamed A. Elgenedy;Barry W. Williams
Performance of a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) relies on the capability of the controller to track the reference current. Therefore, designing an accurate current controller is crucial to guarantee satisfactory SAPF operation. This paper presents a model predictive current controller (MPCC) for a low-cost, four-switch, shunt active power filter for power quality improvement. A four-switch, B4, converter topology is adopted as an SAPF, hence offering a simple, robust, and low-cost solution. In addition, to further reduce overall cost, only two interfacing filter inductors, instead of three, are used to eliminate switching current ripple. The proposed SAPF model MPCC is detailed for implementation, where simulation and experimental results validate effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm showing a 20% improvement in total harmonic distortion compared with a conventional hysteresis band current controller.
三相并联有源电力滤波器(SAPF)的性能取决于控制器跟踪参考电流的能力。因此,设计一个精确的电流控制器对于保证 SAPF 的满意运行至关重要。本文介绍了一种用于低成本四开关并联有源电力滤波器的模型预测电流控制器(MPCC),以改善电能质量。四开关 B4 转换器拓扑结构被用作 SAPF,从而提供了一种简单、稳健和低成本的解决方案。此外,为了进一步降低总体成本,只使用了两个接口滤波电感器,而不是三个,以消除开关电流纹波。仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制算法的有效性,与传统的滞后带电流控制器相比,总谐波失真提高了 20%。
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引用次数: 0
A Survey on Model Predictive Control of DFIGs in Wind Energy Conversion Systems 风能转换系统中 DFIG 的模型预测控制调查
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.08500
Shuo Yan;Junyu Chen;Minghao Wang;Yongheng Yang;Jose M. Rodriguez
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the model predictive control (MPC) of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) in wind energy conversion systems (WECS); in particular the MPC of the rotor side converter. The general principle of prevalent MPC strategies is discussed to introduce the theoretical framework in the first place. Furthermore, mainstream and high-performance MPC methods of DFIGs have been identified as model predictive current control (MPCC), model predictive torque control (MPTC), and model predictive power control (MPPC). Starting from analyzing dynamic models, these MPC strategies are investigated in terms of operating principles and technical developments. The paper further investigates implementation of MPC strategies in unbalanced grids. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of several case studies, performance of various MPC schemes is compared and their special features are identified. Guidelines for designing MPC strategies of DFIGs in WECS are provided.
本文全面研究了风能转换系统(WECS)中双馈异步发电机(DFIG)的模型预测控制(MPC),特别是转子侧变流器的 MPC。本文首先讨论了主流 MPC 策略的一般原理,并介绍了理论框架。此外,DFIG 的主流和高性能 MPC 方法已被确定为模型预测电流控制 (MPCC)、模型预测转矩控制 (MPTC) 和模型预测功率控制 (MPPC)。本文从分析动态模型入手,研究了这些 MPC 策略的运行原理和技术发展。论文进一步研究了不平衡电网中 MPC 策略的实施。在对几个案例研究进行定量和定性分析的基础上,比较了各种 MPC 方案的性能,并确定了它们的特点。本文还为在风力发电系统中设计双馈变流器的 MPC 策略提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Model for Resilience Evaluation of Power-Gas Systems Under Windstorms 风灾下电力-燃气系统复原力评估综合模型
IF 6.9 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.05420
Yucui Wang;Yongbiao Yang;Qingshan Xu
Integrated power-gas systems (IPGS) have developed critical infrastructure in integrated energy systems. Moreover, various extreme weather events with low probability and high risk have seriously affected the stable operation of IPGSs. Due to close interconnectedness through coupling elements between the power system (PS) and natural gas system (NGS) when a disturbance happens in one system, a series of complicated sequences of dependent events may follow in another system. Especially under extreme conditions, this coupling can lead to a dramatic degradation of system performance, resulting in catastrophic failures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to model and evaluate resilience of IPGSs under extreme weather. Following this development trend, an integrated model for resilience evaluation of IPGS is proposed under extreme weather events focusing on windstorms. First, a framework of IPGS is proposed to describe states of the system at different stages under disaster conditions. Furthermore, an evaluation model considering cascading effects is used to quantify the impact of windstorms on NGS and PS. Meanwhile, a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique is utilized to characterize chaotic fault of components. Moreover, time-dependent nodal and system resilience indices for IPGS are proposed to display impacts of windstorms. Numerical results on the IPGS test system demonstrate the proposed methods.
综合电力-燃气系统(IPGS)是综合能源系统中的重要基础设施。此外,各种低概率、高风险的极端天气事件也严重影响了 IPGS 的稳定运行。由于电力系统(PS)和天然气系统(NGS)之间通过耦合元件紧密互联,当一个系统发生干扰时,另一个系统可能会随之发生一系列复杂的相关事件。特别是在极端条件下,这种耦合会导致系统性能急剧下降,造成灾难性故障。因此,迫切需要对 IPGS 在极端天气下的恢复能力进行建模和评估。顺应这一发展趋势,本文以风灾为重点,提出了极端天气事件下 IPGS 弹性评估的综合模型。首先,提出了 IPGS 的框架,以描述灾害条件下系统在不同阶段的状态。此外,考虑到级联效应的评估模型用于量化风灾对 NGS 和 PS 的影响。同时,利用蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS)技术来描述组件的混沌故障。此外,还提出了 IPGS 的随时间变化的节点和系统弹性指数,以显示风灾的影响。IPGS 测试系统的数值结果证明了所提出的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of the Worst-Case Static Voltage Stability Margin Interval of AC/DC Power System Considering Uncertainty of Renewables 考虑可再生能源不确定性的交直流电力系统最坏情况下静态电压稳定裕度区间的确定
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.06390
Wanbin Liu;Shunjiang Lin;Yuerong Yang;Mingbo Liu;Qifeng Li
Calculation of static voltage stability margin (SVSM) of AC/DC power systems with lots of renewable energy sources (RESs) integration requires consideration of uncertain load growth and renewable energy generation output. This paper presents a bi-level optimal power flow (BLOPF) model to identify the worst-case SVSM of an AC/DC power system with line commutation converter-based HVDC and multi-terminal voltage sourced converter-based HVDC transmission lines. Constraints of uncertain load growth's hypercone model and control mode switching of DC converter stations are considered in the BLOPF model. Moreover, uncertain RES output fluctuations are described as intervals, and two three-level optimal power flow (TLOPF) models are established to identify interval bounds of the system worst-case SVSM. The two TLOPF models are both transformed into max-min bi-level optimization models according to independent characteristics of different uncertain variables. Then, transforming the inner level model into its dual form, max-min BLOPF models are simplified to single-level optimization models for direct solution. Calculation results on the modified IEEE-39 bus AC/DC case and an actual large-scale AC/DC case in China indicate correctness and efficiency of the proposed identification method.
计算集成大量可再生能源(RES)的交直流电力系统的静态电压稳定裕度(SVSM)需要考虑不确定的负荷增长和可再生能源发电输出。本文提出了一种双电平最优功率流(BLOPF)模型,用于确定基于线路换向换流器的高压直流和基于多终端电压源换流器的高压直流输电线路的交直流电力系统的最坏情况 SVSM。BLOPF 模型考虑了不确定负荷增长的超锥模型和直流换流站控制模式切换的约束。此外,将不确定的可再生能源输出波动描述为区间,并建立了两个三级优化功率流(TLOPF)模型,以确定系统最坏情况 SVSM 的区间边界。根据不同不确定变量的独立特性,将两个 TLOPF 模型都转化为最大最小双级优化模型。然后,将内层模型转化为对偶形式,将 max-min BLOPF 模型简化为单层优化模型,以便直接求解。对修改后的 IEEE-39 母线交直流案例和中国实际大型交直流案例的计算结果表明,所提出的识别方法是正确和有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Resilence Control of DC Microgrid Integrated with Multi-Nanogrids Considering Connected-Islanded States 考虑并网与孤岛状态的多纳电网集成直流微电网的裕度控制
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2023.03480
Hossien Faraji;Reza Hemmati;Pierluigi Siano
In this paper, a DC microgrid (DCMG) integrated with a set of nano-grids (NG) is studied. DCMG exchanges predetermined active and reactive power with the upstream network. DCMG and NGs are coordinately controlled and managed in such a way the exchanged P-Q power with external grid are kept on scheduled level following all events and operating conditions. The proposed control system, in addition to the ability of mutual support between DCMG and NGs, makes NGs support each other in critical situations. On the other hand, in all operating conditions, DCMG not only feeds three-phase loads with time-varying active and reactive power on the grid side but also injects constant active power into the grid. During events, NGs support each other, NGs support DCMG, and DCMG supports NGs. Such control strategies are realized by the proposed control method to increase resilience of the system. For these purposes, all resources and loads in DCMG and NGs are equipped with individual controllers. Then, a central control unit analyzes, monitors, and regularizes performance of individual controllers in DCMG and NGs. Nonlinear simulations show the proposed model can effectively control DCMG and NGs under normal and critical conditions.
本文研究了与一组纳米电网(NG)集成的直流微电网(DCMG)。DCMG 与上游网络交换预定的有功和无功功率。通过对 DCMG 和 NG 进行协调控制和管理,可以在所有事件和运行条件下将与外部电网交换的 P-Q 功率保持在预定水平上。除了 DCMG 和 NG 之间的相互支持能力外,建议的控制系统还能使 NG 在危急情况下相互支持。另一方面,在所有运行条件下,DCMG 不仅向电网侧的三相负载馈送随时间变化的有功和无功功率,还向电网注入恒定的有功功率。在事件发生时,NG 相互支持,NG 支持 DCMG,DCMG 支持 NG。这种控制策略通过建议的控制方法来实现,以提高系统的弹性。为此,DCMG 和 NG 中的所有资源和负载都配备了单独的控制器。然后,中央控制单元对 DCMG 和 NG 中各个控制器的性能进行分析、监控和调节。非线性模拟显示,所提出的模型能在正常和危急情况下有效控制 DCMG 和 NG。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Networked Microgrid Protection: Architectures, Challenges, Solutions, and Future Trends 网络化微电网保护回顾:架构、挑战、解决方案和未来趋势
IF 7.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.07980
Jorge de la Cruz;Ying Wu;John E. Candelo-Becerra;Juan C. Vásquez;Josep M. Guerrero
Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked microgrids. Various protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and connections. Nevertheless, protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in development, and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected systems. Interconnection of these microgrids in different nodes with various interconnection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection operation. This paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids, potential solutions, and research areas that need to be addressed for their development. First, this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016, including several architectures of networked microgrids, operation modes, components, and utilization of renewable sources, which have not been widely explored in previous review papers. Second, the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters, current challenges, and solutions that have been proposed for these systems. Finally, it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to implementation.
设计和选择先进的保护方案对于联网微电网的可靠和安全运行至关重要。针对不同拓扑结构和连接方式的单个系统,已经提出了各种可确保微电网正确运行的保护方案。然而,针对联网微电网的保护方案仍处于开发阶段,在互联系统中设计和运行先进的保护方案还需要进一步研究。这些微电网通过各种互连技术在不同节点上互连,增加了故障发生率,并使保护操作复杂化。本文旨在指出为联网微电网开发保护所面临的挑战、潜在的解决方案以及开发保护所需的研究领域。首先,本文对 2016 年以来提出的不同微电网集群进行了系统分析,包括网络化微电网的几种架构、运行模式、组件以及可再生能源的利用等,这些内容在以往的综述论文中尚未得到广泛探讨。其次,论文讨论了目前可用于微电网集群的保护系统、当前面临的挑战以及针对这些系统提出的解决方案。最后,本文讨论了联网微电网保护方案的发展趋势,并提出了一些与实施相关的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Optimization of Boost Converter Parameters in Internal Model Control for Voltage Source Converter-Based AC Microgrids 基于电压源转换器的交流微电网内部模型控制中升压转换器参数的分析与优化
IF 6.9 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.17775/CSEEJPES.2022.06880
Chiebuka Eyisi;Qifeng Li
This paper investigates integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in microgrids (MGs) through two-stage power conversion structures consisting of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC voltage source converter (VSC) subsystems. In contrast to existing investigations that treated DC-link voltage as an ideal constant voltage, this paper considers the non-ideal dynamic coupling between both subsystems for completeness and higher accuracy, which introduces additional DC-side dynamics to the VSC. The analysis shows parameters of the boost converter's power model that impact stability through the DC-link. Carefully selecting these parameters can mitigate this effect on stability and improve dynamic performance across the DC-link. Hence, an optimization framework is developed to facilitate in selecting adequate boost converter parameters in designing a stable voltage source converter-based microgrid (VSC-MG). The developed optimization framework, based on particle swarm optimization, considers dynamic coupling between both subsystems and is also effective in avoiding inadequate boost converter parameters capable of propagating instability through the DC-link to the VSC. Simulations are performed with MATLAB/Simulink to validate theoretical analyses.
本文通过由直流-直流升压转换器和直流-交流电压源转换器(VSC)子系统组成的两级功率转换结构,研究了微电网(MG)中分布式能源资源(DER)的集成问题。与将直流链路电压视为理想恒定电压的现有研究不同,本文考虑了这两个子系统之间的非理想动态耦合,以实现完整性和更高的精度,这为 VSC 引入了额外的直流侧动态。分析显示了升压转换器功率模型中影响直流链路稳定性的参数。仔细选择这些参数可减轻对稳定性的影响,并改善整个直流链路的动态性能。因此,我们开发了一个优化框架,以便在设计基于电压源转换器的稳定微电网(VSC-MG)时选择适当的升压转换器参数。所开发的优化框架以粒子群优化为基础,考虑了两个子系统之间的动态耦合,还能有效避免升压转换器参数不足,从而将不稳定性通过直流链路传播到电压源转换器。我们使用 MATLAB/Simulink 进行了仿真,以验证理论分析。
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引用次数: 0
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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems
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