Cortex最新文献 - Book学术

Cognitive-linguistic skills in production of expository discourse: Insights from longitudinal changes and neural correlates in primary progressive aphasia. 说明性话语产生中的认知语言技能：来自原发性进行性失语症的纵向变化和神经相关的见解。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.011

Marina A Anwia, Mara Steinberg Lowe, Sophie Matis, James Carrick, Olivier Piguet, Ramon Landin-Romero, Kirrie J Ballard

Background: Engaging in conversational and story-telling discourse involves an interplay of language and cognitive skills, including working memory, attention, and inference-making. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) provides a model for exploring discourse, as both language and cognitive abilities change over time with changes in cortical atrophy. Here, associations between morphosyntactic discourse skills and patterns of cortical atrophy are measured over time in nonfluent (nfv), logopenic (lv) and semantic (sv) variants of PPA.

Method: Participants were 27 individuals with nfvPPA (M = 66.6 years ± 8.3), 30 lvPPA (M = 66.7 ± 7.3), 33 svPPA (M = 64.8 ± 6.7), and 36 healthy controls (HC; M = 65.5 ± 6.8). Picture descriptions were analysed for word density and diversity, sentence complexity, well-formedness, and fluency annually for up to three timepoints. Associations between language measures and cortical thickness on structural MRI scans were analysed.

Results: At timepoint 1, nfvPPA performed below other groups on most measures; lvPPA were differentiated from svPPA on fluency measures only. Longitudinally, utterance length declined in all variants. For nfvPPA, this was linked with reduced sentence complexity and cortical atrophy in regions engaged by higher attentional demand. For lvPPA, it was linked with increasing grammatical errors and atrophy extending into perisylvian language network. No associations were identified for svPPA.

Conclusions: Findings provide insight into how discourse production is underpinned by a network that extends beyond classic language regions, with morphosyntactic elements of discourse associated in part with regions involved in domain-general cognitive skills such as error-monitoring and elaborative encoding. Findings can also inform assessment, prognosis, and intervention for communication through the PPA disease course.

背景：参与对话和讲故事的话语涉及语言和认知技能的相互作用，包括工作记忆、注意力和推理。原发性进行性失语症（PPA）提供了一个探索话语的模型，因为语言和认知能力随着时间的推移而改变，随着皮质萎缩的变化。在这里，形态句法话语技巧和皮层萎缩模式之间的关联随着时间的推移被测量在非流利（nfv），语义（lv）和语义（sv）变体的PPA。方法：研究对象为nfvPPA患者27例（M = 66.6±8.3岁），lvPPA患者30例（M = 66.7±7.3岁），svPPA患者33例（M = 64.8±6.7），健康对照36例（HC, M = 65.5±6.8）。图片描述的单词密度和多样性、句子复杂性、格式良好性和流畅性每年最多分析三个时间点。语言测量和结构MRI扫描的皮层厚度之间的关联进行了分析。结果：在时间点1，nfvPPA在大多数指标上的表现低于其他组；lvPPA与svPPA仅在流畅性测量上有所区别。纵向上，所有变体的话语长度都在下降。对于nfvPPA，这与句子复杂性降低和高注意力需求区域的皮质萎缩有关。对于lvPPA来说，它与语法错误的增加和延伸到波斯语网络的萎缩有关。未发现与svPPA相关。结论：研究结果揭示了话语产生是如何由一个超越经典语言区域的网络支撑的，话语的形态句法元素部分与涉及领域一般认知技能的区域相关，如错误监控和详细编码。研究结果还可以为PPA病程的评估、预后和干预交流提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9

引用次数: 0

Opportunities for Registered Reports in neuropsychology 神经心理学的注册报告机会。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014

Robert D. McIntosh , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Richard J. Binney , Pia Rotshtein

引用次数: 0

Impact of interoception and multisensory integration on functional and physical activities in aging 内感受和多感觉整合对老年人功能和身体活动的影响

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.010

M.R. Pasciucco , S. Nunziata , S. Iuliano , M.G. Perrucci , M. Costantini , G. Ruggiero , F. Ferri

Aging affects the ability to process sensory input from the body (interoception) and integrate information from multiple sensory modalities. Interoception, which involves perceiving and interpreting internal bodily signals, undergoes significant changes with age, reducing the ability to recognize and respond to internal needs. Additionally, deficits in multisensory integration are known to predict declines in gait and stability, increasing the risk of falls and mobility issues in older adults. These changes impact physical health and hinder action planning and execution, yet the combined influence of interoception and multisensory integration on physical functioning remains underexplored. This study investigated how interoception and multisensory integration predict physical functioning in older adults compared to younger adults. Twenty-five young and twenty-eight older participants completed tasks assessing interoceptive dimensions (accuracy, sensibility, and awareness) and multisensory integration dimensions (temporal resolution and tactile acuity). Physical functioning was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. In the older adult group, regression analyses revealed that interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive awareness, and multisensory temporal resolution significantly predicted physical functioning. Higher interoceptive sensibility and awareness were associated with better physical functioning, while reduced temporal resolution was linked to poorer functioning. These factors also predicted role limitations due to physical health: higher interoceptive awareness and sensibility were related to fewer limitations, whereas temporal resolution and tactile acuity were associated with greater limitations. These findings emphasize the critical role of interoceptive and multisensory processing in supporting physical functioning and managing perceived limitations in older adults, highlighting the importance of preserving these sensory capacities to maintain well-being in aging populations.

衰老会影响处理来自身体的感觉输入（内感受）和整合来自多种感觉模式的信息的能力。内感觉，包括感知和解释身体内部信号，随着年龄的增长而发生重大变化，降低了识别和响应内部需求的能力。此外，已知多感觉统合的缺陷预示着步态和稳定性的下降，增加了老年人跌倒和行动问题的风险。这些变化影响身体健康，阻碍行动计划和执行，但内感受和多感觉整合对身体功能的综合影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究调查了内感受和多感觉整合如何预测老年人和年轻人的身体功能。25名年轻参与者和28名年长参与者完成了评估内感受维度（准确性、敏感性和意识）和多感觉整合维度（时间分辨率和触觉敏锐度）的任务。使用SF-36问卷测量身体功能。在老年人组中，回归分析显示，内感受性、内感受性意识和多感觉时间分辨率显著预测身体功能。较高的内感受性和意识与较好的身体机能有关，而较低的时间分辨力与较差的身体机能有关。这些因素也预测了由于身体健康造成的角色限制：较高的内感受意识和敏感性与较少的限制有关，而时间分辨率和触觉敏锐度与较大的限制有关。这些发现强调了内感受和多感觉处理在支持老年人身体功能和管理感知限制方面的关键作用，强调了保持这些感觉能力对维持老年人健康的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Connectional diaschisis associated with acute psychosis after right thalamic stroke: A case report 右丘脑卒中后急性精神病伴连通性损伤1例报告

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.009

Giorgia Adamo , Alessandro Salvalaggio , Lorenzo Pini , Diego Cecchin , Silvia Facchini , Antonio Luigi Bisogno , Antonino Vallesi , Maurizio Corbetta

We report a rare case of sudden-onset psychiatric syndrome following a right thalamic ischemic event. Potential mechanisms involving both structural and functional thalamic disconnection are considered. A 51-year-old man was admitted to the Neurology Unit at the Azienda Ospedale-Università of Padova with sudden-onset confusion and amnesia, accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations and emotional lability. An initial head CT scan showed no evidence of stroke; however, a follow-up MRI revealed a recent ischemic lesion in the right mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) of the thalamus. A brain [18F]FDG PET-MRI scan identified a small hypometabolic area in the right anterolateral frontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex was structurally and functionally disconnected by the thalamic lesion. Neuropsychological testing revealed deficits of executive functions, particularly in planning and abstract reasoning, as well as impairments in long-term verbal and visuospatial memory and deficits in the visuoperceptual domain. The patient was treated with risperidone and venlafaxine, leading to an improvement in psychotic symptoms at both discharge and follow-up. Understanding these network-level disruptions may offer valuable insights into therapeutic approaches and prognostic evaluation.

我们报告一个罕见的病例突发性精神综合征后右丘脑缺血事件。潜在的机制涉及结构和功能丘脑断开考虑。一名51岁男子因突然发作的精神错乱和健忘症，并伴有视觉和听觉幻觉以及情绪不稳定而入住帕多瓦Azienda ospedale大学神经内科。最初的头部CT扫描显示没有中风的迹象；然而，后续MRI显示在丘脑右侧中背核（MDN）最近出现缺血性病变。脑[18F]FDG PET-MRI扫描在右侧前外侧额叶皮层发现一个小的低代谢区。前额皮质在结构和功能上被丘脑损伤断开。神经心理学测试揭示了执行功能的缺陷，特别是在计划和抽象推理方面，以及长期言语和视觉空间记忆的损伤和视觉感知领域的缺陷。患者接受利培酮和文拉法辛治疗，出院和随访时精神病症状均有改善。了解这些网络层面的破坏可能为治疗方法和预后评估提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The latency of a domain-general visual surprise signal is attribute dependent 域通用视觉惊喜信号的延迟是属性依赖的。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.007

Benjamin G. Lowe , Naohide Yamamoto , Jonathan Robinson , Patrick Johnston

Predictions concerning upcoming visual input play a key role in resolving percepts. Sometimes input is surprising, under which circumstances the brain must calibrate erroneous predictions so that perception is veridical. Despite the extensive literature investigating the nature of prediction error signalling, it is still unclear how this process interacts with the functionally segregated nature of the visual cortex, particularly within the temporal domain. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from humans (N = 32) whilst they viewed static image trajectories containing a bound object that sequentially changed along different visual attribute dimensions (shape and colour). Crucially, the context of this change was designed to appear random (and unsurprising) or violate the established trajectory (and cause a surprise). Event-related potential analysis found no effects of surprise after controlling for cortical adaptation. However, multivariate pattern analyses found whole-scalp neural representations of visual surprise that overlapped between attributes, albeit at distinct, attribute-specific latencies. These findings suggest that visual surprise results in generalised (i.e., attribute-agnostic) prediction error responses that conform to an attribute-dependent temporal hierarchy.

关于即将到来的视觉输入的预测在解决感知中起着关键作用。有时输入是令人惊讶的，在这种情况下，大脑必须校准错误的预测，以便感知是真实的。尽管大量的文献研究了预测错误信号的本质，但人们仍然不清楚这个过程是如何与视觉皮层的功能分离性相互作用的，特别是在颞域中。在这里，我们记录了人类（N = 32）的脑电图（EEG），同时他们观看了包含一个固定物体的静态图像轨迹，这些物体沿着不同的视觉属性维度（形状和颜色）顺序变化。至关重要的是，这种变化的背景被设计成随机的（并且不令人惊讶），或者违反既定的轨迹（并引起意外）。事件相关电位分析发现，在控制皮层适应后，惊讶没有影响。然而，多变量模式分析发现，视觉惊讶的全头皮神经表征在属性之间重叠，尽管是在不同的属性特异性潜伏期。这些发现表明，视觉惊喜会导致广义（即属性不可知）的预测误差反应，这种反应符合属性依赖的时间层次。

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引用次数: 0

Development of coarse- and orientation-tuning for native letters in children aged 3–9 years old: Oddball fast periodic stimulation study 3-9岁儿童母语字母粗调和定向调音的发展：古怪快速周期刺激研究。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.004

Daria Kostanian , Tatiana Logvinenko , Olga Sysoeva

To examine the processes contributing to reading, we investigated neurophysiological letter coding in typically developing children (3.6–9.3 years) using an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation and a 32-channel electroencephalogram. Non-native (Georgian) letters appeared every fifth item in a stream of native (Russian) letters, presented at a frequency of 6 Hz. This contrast (foreign condition, n = 46) elicited significant discrimination responses at the frequency of non-native letters presentation – 1.2 Hz – and its harmonics, even in children who did not yet acquire reading skills. We also investigated native letter orientation sensitivity using 180-degree-rotated Russian letters in a stream of upright Russian letters (inverted condition, n = 42, overlap with foreign condition n = 37). Discrimination responses increased with age in both conditions but followed different trajectories. In the foreign condition, it significantly increased in the subgroup of pre-reading children and plateaued in older children. In the inverted condition, discrimination response emerged only in reading children and showed significant correlation with age in this subgroup. The results support two systems of tuning for letters: a coarse tuning system that differentiates native from foreign letters and develops in pre-reading age through environmental exposure, and an orientation tuning system that develops with reading acquisition.

为了研究有助于阅读的过程，我们使用古怪的快速周期性视觉刺激和32通道脑电图研究了正常发育儿童（3.6-9.3岁）的神经生理字母编码。非母语（格鲁吉亚语）字母以6赫兹的频率出现在母语（俄语）字母流中的每五个项目中。这种对比（外国条件，n = 46）引起了对非母语字母呈现频率（1.2 Hz）及其谐波的显著歧视反应，即使在尚未获得阅读技能的儿童中也是如此。我们还研究了母语字母方向的敏感性，使用180度旋转的俄语字母在直立俄语字母流中（倒置条件，n = 42，与外国条件n = 37重叠）。在两种情况下，歧视反应随年龄增长而增加，但遵循不同的轨迹。在国外条件下，在学前儿童亚组中显著增加，在大一点的儿童中趋于稳定。在反向条件下，歧视反应仅在阅读儿童中出现，且在该亚组中与年龄显著相关。研究结果支持两种字母调音系统：一种是通过环境暴露在阅读前形成的区分母语和外文字母的粗调音系统，另一种是随着阅读习得而形成的定向调音系统。

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引用次数: 0

The neural dynamics of current and past self-face perception: Challenging the privilege access hypothesis 当前和过去自我面孔感知的神经动力学：挑战特权获取假说

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.006

Gyula Kovács , Lisa Göschel , Sophie Magdalena Pawlik , Antonella Tramacere

Setting apart the neural properties of familiarity for both self and others' faces helps deepen our understanding of the cognitive, developmental, and theoretical dimensions of social dynamics and human identity. Motivated by this goal, we conducted a multivariate cross-classification EEG experiment where we tested whether individuals represent their own face as similar to other highly familiar faces or code self-faces through different familiarity processes. We compare the representational dynamics for self and other faces in both their current and past versions. Participants were presented highly variable faces of four familiarity categories (self, parent, close-friend and unknown) in two versions across lifespan: current and past images, which were taken 10 years ago. Linear discriminant classifiers were trained and tested on EEG patterns to discriminate familiar and unfamiliar faces. Time-resolved classification revealed that the neural representations of familiarity emerge before 200 msec post-stimulus onset and remains significant until 600 msec, independently of familiarity level and age. Further, our findings show that the temporal dynamics of familiarity is similar for self-faces and other highly familiar faces. Our study provides new insights into how the brain represents self-identity and suggest that important aspects of self-recognition, such as the familiarity of self-face, is supported by learning processes rather than privilege introspective mechanisms.

将熟悉自己和他人面孔的神经特性分开，有助于加深我们对社会动态和人类身份的认知、发展和理论维度的理解。在这个目标的激励下，我们进行了一个多变量交叉分类脑电图实验，我们测试了个体是将自己的脸表示为与其他高度熟悉的脸相似，还是通过不同的熟悉过程编码自己的脸。我们比较了当前和过去版本中自我和他人面孔的表征动态。研究人员向参与者展示了四种熟悉类别（自我、父母、亲密朋友和未知）的高度可变的面孔，这些面孔在整个生命周期中分为两种版本：现在和过去的照片，这些照片拍摄于10年前。对线性判别分类器进行训练和脑电模式测试，以区分熟悉和不熟悉的面孔。时间分辨分类表明，熟悉度的神经表征在刺激后200毫秒前出现，并在600毫秒前保持显著，与熟悉程度和年龄无关。此外，我们的研究结果表明，熟悉度的时间动态对于自我面孔和其他高度熟悉的面孔是相似的。我们的研究为大脑如何表现自我认同提供了新的见解，并表明自我认同的重要方面，如对自我面孔的熟悉程度，是由学习过程而不是特权内省机制支持的。

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引用次数: 0

Increasing visual uncertainty modulates multisensory decision-making 增加视觉不确定性调节多感官决策。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.005

Xiangfu Yang , Weiping Yang , Yinghua Yu , Yoshimichi Ejima , Jiajia Yang

The brain integrates and transforms information from multiple senses to make optimal decisions, a process that is critical for navigating complex environments with perceptual uncertainty. Despite a growing consensus that individuals adapt flexibly to uncertain sensory input, whether increasing visual uncertainty influences the decision process itself or other, non-decision sensory processes during multisensory decision-making are unclear. Here, an audiovisual categorization task was used to examine the responses of human participants (N = 30) to visual and audiovisual stimuli under low-, medium-, and high-uncertainty conditions. Modeling the behavioral data using a drift‒diffusion model indicated that increased visual uncertainty in the audiovisual context decreased the evidence accumulation rate but had no effect on non-decision processes. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed and expanded upon these results: increased visual uncertainty in the audiovisual context reduced the amplitude during the late decision-making stage (300–380 msec) but had no effect on the amplitude during the early sensory encoding stage (140–220 msec). More importantly, electroencephalography analyses revealed that audiovisual integration in the early sensory encoding stage occurred robustly across all visual uncertainty conditions, whereas audiovisual integration in the late stage occurred only under medium and high visual uncertainty conditions. This study demonstrated that increased visual uncertainty modulates the decision process itself rather than early sensory encoding during multisensory decision-making. Moreover, multisensory integration strategies dynamically adapt to increasing visual uncertainty by engaging different mechanisms to maintain effective decision-making.

大脑整合和转换来自多种感官的信息以做出最佳决策，这一过程对于导航具有感知不确定性的复杂环境至关重要。尽管越来越多的人认为个体可以灵活地适应不确定的感官输入，但在多感官决策过程中，视觉不确定性的增加是否会影响决策过程本身或其他非决策感觉过程尚不清楚。在这里，视听分类任务被用来检查人类参与者（N = 30）在低、中、高不确定性条件下对视觉和视听刺激的反应。使用漂移-扩散模型对行为数据建模表明，视听环境下视觉不确定性的增加降低了证据积累速率，但对非决策过程没有影响。电生理记录证实并扩展了这些结果：视听环境中视觉不确定性的增加降低了决策后期（300-380毫秒）的振幅，但对早期感觉编码阶段（140-220毫秒）的振幅没有影响。更重要的是，脑电图分析显示，在所有视觉不确定性条件下，早期感觉编码阶段的视听整合都出现了，而后期的视听整合只在中度和高度视觉不确定性条件下出现。本研究表明，在多感官决策过程中，增加的视觉不确定性调节决策过程本身，而不是早期的感觉编码。此外，多感觉整合策略通过参与不同的机制来动态适应不断增加的视觉不确定性，以保持有效的决策。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping meaning in the brain's language 绘制大脑语言的含义

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.012

Harm Brouwer

Recent advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence have pushed the state-of-the-art from being able to decode the meaning of individual words from non-invasive brain recordings, to the reconstruction of the meaning of continuous language. Beyond game changing practical implications of such “mind reading” mapping models, e.g., brain-computer interfaces that restore lost ability to speak, they also hold the promise to be instrumental in addressing a fundamental question in the cognitive sciences: How does the human brain represent the meaning of concepts, phrases, and sentences? In order to fulfil this promise, however, important methodological and theoretical challenges need to be overcome: (1) extant mapping results are inconsistent and difficult to reconcile with neurocognitive theory, (2) extant neural meaning representations do not model the compositional semantics capturing the meaning of multi-word utterances, and (3) extant mapping models fail to take into account the spatiotemporal dynamics of lexical and compositional semantic representation and computation. I argue that in order to overcome these challenges, we should ground mapping models in linguistic and neurocognitive theory, and develop neurocomputational models that explicate the spatiotemporal dynamics of meaning in the brain's language.

神经科学和人工智能的最新进展推动了最先进的技术，从能够从非侵入性大脑记录中解码单个单词的含义，到重建连续语言的意义。除了这种“读心术”映射模型改变游戏规则的实际意义之外，例如，恢复失去的说话能力的脑机接口，它们还有望在解决认知科学中的一个基本问题方面发挥重要作用：人类大脑如何表示概念、短语和句子的意义？然而，为了实现这一承诺，需要克服重要的方法和理论挑战：(1)现有的映射结果不一致，难以与神经认知理论相协调；(2)现有的神经意义表征不能模拟捕获多词话语意义的组成语义；(3)现有的映射模型未能考虑词汇和组成语义表征和计算的时空动态。我认为，为了克服这些挑战，我们应该在语言和神经认知理论中建立映射模型，并开发神经计算模型来解释大脑语言中意义的时空动态。

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引用次数: 0