首页 > 最新文献

Cortex最新文献

英文 中文
Neural sensitivity to others' belief states in infancy predicts later theory of mind reasoning in childhood 婴儿期对他人信念状态的神经敏感性预示着儿童时期的心智推理理论。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.023
Yiyu Liu , Eden Moss , Fransisca Ting , Daniel C. Hyde
While pre-verbal infants may be sensitive to others' mental states, they are not able to accurately answer questions about them until several years later, an ability referred to as having a theory of mind. Here we ask whether infant social-cognitive sensitivity is subserved by the same brain mechanisms as those that support theory of mind in childhood. To do so, we explored the relationship between functional sensitivity of the right temporal-parietal junction to mental state processing in infancy, a region known to underlie theory of mind in older children, and explicit theory of mind reasoning in the same group several years later. In a small initial sample (N = 33), we find evidence of a longitudinal brain-behavioral link from infancy to childhood, providing preliminary support for a common mechanism for theory of mind across development. However, the brain metric that was predictive of individual differences was not the response to conditions that required tracking the beliefs, but instead, the response to a control condition where belief tracking was not obligatory to predict others' behavior. In hindsight, the ambiguity of this control condition may have best distinguished between infants who had different propensities to engage in belief tracking, suggesting a potential role for active experience in infancy contributing to individual differences in later theory of mind development in childhood. Given the exploratory nature of the study, other alternative explanations for these results must also be considered.
虽然不会说话的婴儿可能对他人的心理状态很敏感,但他们要在几年后才能准确地回答有关他人的问题,这种能力被称为“心智理论”。在这里,我们询问婴儿的社会认知敏感性是否与那些支持儿童心理理论的大脑机制相同。为此,我们探索了婴儿时期右颞顶叶连接对心理状态处理的功能敏感性与几年后同一组儿童的外显心理理论推理之间的关系,这一区域是年龄较大的儿童心理理论的基础。在一个小的初始样本(N = 33)中,我们发现了从婴儿期到儿童期大脑-行为纵向联系的证据,为跨发展心智理论的共同机制提供了初步支持。然而,预测个体差异的大脑指标并不是对需要跟踪信念的条件的反应,而是对控制条件的反应,在控制条件下,信念跟踪不是预测他人行为的义务。事后看来,这种控制条件的模糊性可能最好地区分了具有不同信仰跟踪倾向的婴儿,这表明婴儿时期的积极经验在后来的儿童心理发展理论中对个体差异有潜在的作用。考虑到研究的探索性,对这些结果的其他解释也必须考虑。
{"title":"Neural sensitivity to others' belief states in infancy predicts later theory of mind reasoning in childhood","authors":"Yiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Eden Moss ,&nbsp;Fransisca Ting ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Hyde","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While pre-verbal infants may be sensitive to others' mental states, they are not able to accurately answer questions about them until several years later, an ability referred to as having a theory of mind. Here we ask whether infant social-cognitive sensitivity is subserved by the same brain mechanisms as those that support theory of mind in childhood. To do so, we explored the relationship between functional sensitivity of the right temporal-parietal junction to mental state processing in infancy, a region known to underlie theory of mind in older children, and explicit theory of mind reasoning in the same group several years later. In a small initial sample (<em>N</em> = 33), we find evidence of a longitudinal brain-behavioral link from infancy to childhood, providing preliminary support for a common mechanism for theory of mind across development. However, the brain metric that was predictive of individual differences was not the response to conditions that required tracking the beliefs, but instead, the response to a control condition where belief tracking was not obligatory to predict others' behavior. In hindsight, the ambiguity of this control condition may have best distinguished between infants who had different propensities to engage in belief tracking, suggesting a potential role for active experience in infancy contributing to individual differences in later theory of mind development in childhood. Given the exploratory nature of the study, other alternative explanations for these results must also be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delayed primacy recall in AVLT is associated with medial temporal tau PET burden in cognitively unimpaired adults 在认知功能未受损的成人中,AVLT中延迟的初回记忆与内侧颞叶tau PET负担有关。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.012
Ainara Jauregi-Zinkunegi , Tobey Betthauser , Cynthia M. Carlsson , Barbara B. Bendlin , Ozioma Okonkwo , Nathaniel A. Chin , Sanjay Asthana , Rebecca E. Langhough , Sterling C. Johnson , Kimberly D. Mueller , Davide Bruno

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed by in vivo abnormalities of amyloid-β plaques (A) and tau accumulation (T) biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that analyses of serial position performance in episodic memory tests, and especially, delayed primacy, are associated with AD pathology even in individuals who are cognitively unimpaired. The earliest signs of cortical tau pathology are observed in medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions, yet it is unknown if serial position markers are also associated with early tau load in these regions. This study of cognitively unimpaired older individuals examined whether serial position scores in word-list recall cross-sectionally predicted tau PET load in the MTL, and were able to discriminate between biomarker profiles, based on AT classification.

Methods

Data from 490 participants (mean age = 68.8 ± 7.2) were extracted from two cohorts, which were merged into one sample. Linear regression analyses were carried out with regional volume-controlled tau (18F-MK-6240) PET SUVR of the entorhinal cortex (EC), parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and hippocampus (H) as outcomes, cross-sectional memory scores from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test as predictors (total and delayed recall, along with serial position scores) and control variables, in separate analyses for each outcome and predictor. The sample was then stratified by biomarker profile and ANCOVAs were conducted with the strongest scores from the regression analyses, AT groups as fixed factor and the covariates.

Results

Higher delayed primacy significantly predicted lower tau PET in EC, PHC, and H, cross-sectionally. Higher total recall scores predicted lower EC tau, but delayed primacy showed the best model fit, as indicated by AICs. ANCOVAs showed that AVLT metrics did not significantly discriminate between A−T− and A+T+, after correcting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Serial position analysis of word-list recall, particularly delayed primacy, may be a valuable tool for identifying in vivo tau pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals.
背景:阿尔茨海默病(AD)可以通过体内淀粉样β斑块(A)和tau堆积(T)生物标志物的异常来诊断。以往的研究表明,即使是认知功能未受损的人,在情节记忆测试中的序列位置表现分析,尤其是延迟的先验性,也与阿兹海默症的病理变化有关。在内侧颞叶(MTL)区域可以观察到皮质tau病理学的最早迹象,但序列位置标记是否也与这些区域的早期tau负荷有关,目前尚不清楚。本研究对认知功能未受损的老年人进行了研究,考察了词表回忆中的序列位置得分是否能横截面预测MTL中的tau PET负荷,并能根据AT分类区分不同的生物标志物特征:从两个队列中提取了 490 名参与者(平均年龄 = 68.8 ± 7.2)的数据,并将其合并为一个样本。以内侧皮层(EC)、海马旁皮层(PHC)和海马(H)的区域体积控制tau(18F-MK-6240)PET SUVR为结果,以Rey听觉言语学习测试的横断面记忆得分(总分和延迟回忆以及序列位置得分)和控制变量为预测因素,进行线性回归分析,对每个结果和预测因素分别进行分析。然后根据生物标志物特征对样本进行分层,并以回归分析中的最强得分、AT 组作为固定因子和辅助变量进行方差分析:从横截面上看,在EC、PHC和H组中,较高的延迟首要性可明显预测较低的tau PET。回忆总分越高,EC 的 tau PET 越低,但从 AICs 来看,延迟 primacy 的模型拟合度最高。方差分析结果表明,在校正多重比较后,AVLT 指标对 A-T- 和 A+T+ 没有显著的区分作用:结论:单词表回忆的序列位置分析,尤其是延时 primacy 分析,可能是识别认知功能未受损个体体内 tau 病理学的重要工具。
{"title":"Delayed primacy recall in AVLT is associated with medial temporal tau PET burden in cognitively unimpaired adults","authors":"Ainara Jauregi-Zinkunegi ,&nbsp;Tobey Betthauser ,&nbsp;Cynthia M. Carlsson ,&nbsp;Barbara B. Bendlin ,&nbsp;Ozioma Okonkwo ,&nbsp;Nathaniel A. Chin ,&nbsp;Sanjay Asthana ,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Langhough ,&nbsp;Sterling C. Johnson ,&nbsp;Kimberly D. Mueller ,&nbsp;Davide Bruno","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be diagnosed by <em>in vivo</em> abnormalities of amyloid-β plaques (A) and tau accumulation (T) biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that analyses of serial position performance in episodic memory tests, and especially, delayed primacy, are associated with AD pathology even in individuals who are cognitively unimpaired. The earliest signs of cortical tau pathology are observed in medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions, yet it is unknown if serial position markers are also associated with early tau load in these regions. This study of cognitively unimpaired older individuals examined whether serial position scores in word-list recall cross-sectionally predicted tau PET load in the MTL, and were able to discriminate between biomarker profiles, based on AT classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from 490 participants (mean age = 68.8 ± 7.2) were extracted from two cohorts, which were merged into one sample. Linear regression analyses were carried out with regional volume-controlled tau (18F-MK-6240) PET SUVR of the entorhinal cortex (EC), parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and hippocampus (H) as outcomes, cross-sectional memory scores from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test as predictors (total and delayed recall, along with serial position scores) and control variables, in separate analyses for each outcome and predictor. The sample was then stratified by biomarker profile and ANCOVAs were conducted with the strongest scores from the regression analyses, AT groups as fixed factor and the covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher delayed primacy significantly predicted lower tau PET in EC, PHC, and H, cross-sectionally. Higher total recall scores predicted lower EC tau, but delayed primacy showed the best model fit, as indicated by AICs. ANCOVAs showed that AVLT metrics did not significantly discriminate between A−T− and A+T+, after correcting for multiple comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Serial position analysis of word-list recall, particularly delayed primacy, may be a valuable tool for identifying <em>in vivo</em> tau pathology in cognitively unimpaired individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outside the box: A celebration of Sergio Della Sala’s contribution to neuropsychology and science dissemination 跳出框框:庆祝塞尔吉奥·德拉·萨拉对神经心理学和科学传播的贡献。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.003
Robert D. McIntosh , Sarah E. MacPherson , Stefano Cappa
{"title":"Outside the box: A celebration of Sergio Della Sala’s contribution to neuropsychology and science dissemination","authors":"Robert D. McIntosh ,&nbsp;Sarah E. MacPherson ,&nbsp;Stefano Cappa","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Definition: Aphantasia 象皮病
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.019
Adam Zeman , Merlin Monzel , Joel Pearson , Christian O. Scholz , Julia Simner
{"title":"Definition: Aphantasia","authors":"Adam Zeman ,&nbsp;Merlin Monzel ,&nbsp;Joel Pearson ,&nbsp;Christian O. Scholz ,&nbsp;Julia Simner","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 212-213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The fickleness of forgetting: When, why, and how do patient groups differ (or not)? 遗忘的善变:患者群体何时、为何以及如何存在差异(或不存在差异)?
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.08.002
Michael D. Kopelman
This commentary will review recent findings regarding forgetting rates in patient groups, including observations from some older, less cited studies. It will draw attention to studies (and reviews) indicating faster forgetting of recalled or recollected memories, relative to recognition or familiarity-based memory. Secondly, it will focus upon the variability of findings in forgetting rate studies, including variability of performance between individuals within groups, inconsistency by individuals across test sessions and/or when tested many years apart, and discordance between equivalent or near-equivalent studies. Thirdly, it will consider the distinction between studies finding early forgetting or progressive/quantitative memory loss and those suggesting a later, ‘qualitative’ change in forgetting rate. The latter pattern, most commonly seen in epilepsy cases, may be relatively infrequent when appropriate account has been taken of variation in controls' performance, and effect sizes can be low. There is also a need for an adequate neurobiological account of this delayed (or ‘later’) forgetting. Fourthly, the major contributions of Sergio Della Sala, Alan Baddeley, and their colleagues will be reviewed, drawing our attention to important factors in experimental design, such as the presence or absence of repeated practice, recall of gist versus peripheral detail, and parallel forgetting curves from different levels of initial learning. The paper concludes with a summary of the major findings in (i) healthy participants (including studies of normal ageing), (ii) memory-disordered patients arising from focal lesions, (iii) Alzheimer and MCI patients, and (iv) epilepsy patients.
{"title":"The fickleness of forgetting: When, why, and how do patient groups differ (or not)?","authors":"Michael D. Kopelman","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This commentary will review recent findings regarding forgetting rates in patient groups, including observations from some older, less cited studies. It will draw attention to studies (and reviews) indicating faster forgetting of recalled or recollected memories, relative to recognition or familiarity-based memory. Secondly, it will focus upon the variability of findings in forgetting rate studies, including variability of performance between individuals within groups, inconsistency by individuals across test sessions and/or when tested many years apart, and discordance between equivalent or near-equivalent studies. Thirdly, it will consider the distinction between studies finding early forgetting or progressive/quantitative memory loss and those suggesting a later, ‘qualitative’ change in forgetting rate. The latter pattern, most commonly seen in epilepsy cases, may be relatively infrequent when appropriate account has been taken of variation in controls' performance, and effect sizes can be low. There is also a need for an adequate neurobiological account of this delayed (or ‘later’) forgetting. Fourthly, the major contributions of Sergio Della Sala, Alan Baddeley, and their colleagues will be reviewed, drawing our attention to important factors in experimental design, such as the presence or absence of repeated practice, recall of gist versus peripheral detail, and parallel forgetting curves from different levels of initial learning. The paper concludes with a summary of the major findings in (i) healthy participants (including studies of normal ageing), (ii) memory-disordered patients arising from focal lesions, (iii) Alzheimer and MCI patients, and (iv) epilepsy patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 12-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of covert visual attention on pupil size during perceptual fading 知觉消退时隐蔽视觉注意力对瞳孔大小的影响
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.008
Ana Vilotijević, Sebastiaan Mathôt
Pupil size is modulated by various cognitive factors such as attention, working memory, mental imagery, and subjective perception. Previous studies examining cognitive effects on pupil size mainly focused on inducing or enhancing a subjective experience of brightness or darkness (for example by asking participants to attend to/memorize a bright or dark stimulus), and then showing that this affects pupil size. Surprisingly, the inverse has never been done; that is, it is still unknown what happens when a subjective experience of brightness or darkness is eliminated or strongly reduced even though bright or dark stimuli are physically present. Here, we aim to answer this question by using perceptual fading, a phenomenon where a visual stimulus gradually fades from visual awareness despite its continuous presentation. The study contains two blocks: Fading and Non-Fading. In the Fading block, participants were presented with black and white patches with a fuzzy outline that were presented at the same location throughout the block, thus inducing strong perceptual fading. In contrast, in the Non-Fading block, the patches switched sides on each trial, thus preventing perceptual fading. Participants covertly attended to one of the two patches, indicated by a cue, and reported the offset of one of a set of circles that are displayed on top. We hypothesized that pupil size will be modulated by covert visual attention in the Non-Fading block, but that this effect will not (or to a lesser extent) arise in the Fading block. We found that covert visual attention to bright/dark does modulate pupil size even during perceptual fading (Fading block), but to a lesser extent than when the perceptual experience of brightness/darkness is preserved (Non-Fading block). This implies that pupil size is always modulated by covert attention, but that the effect decreases as subjective experience of brightness or darkness decreases. In broader terms, this suggests that cognitive modulations of pupil size reflect a mixture of high-level and lower-level visual processing.
瞳孔大小受注意力、工作记忆、心理想象和主观感知等多种认知因素的调节。以往有关认知对瞳孔大小影响的研究主要集中在诱导或增强对亮度或暗度的主观体验(例如,要求参与者注意/记忆亮或暗的刺激物),然后证明这会影响瞳孔大小。令人惊讶的是,我们从未做过相反的研究;也就是说,即使亮或暗的刺激实际存在,但如果消除或强烈减少了对亮或暗的主观体验,会发生什么情况,我们仍然不得而知。在这里,我们希望通过知觉消退来回答这个问题。知觉消退是指视觉刺激物在持续呈现的情况下逐渐从视觉意识中消失的现象。研究包含两个区块:褪色和非褪色。在褪色区块中,参与者看到的是轮廓模糊的黑白斑块,这些斑块在整个区块中都出现在相同的位置,从而引起强烈的知觉消退。与此相反,在 "非消退 "区块中,补丁在每次试验中都会换边,从而避免了知觉消退。受试者暗中注意两个光斑中的一个,并根据提示报告上面显示的一组圆圈中的一个的偏移量。我们假设,在 "非消退 "区块中,瞳孔大小会受到隐蔽视觉注意的调节,但在 "消退 "区块中,这种效应不会出现(或程度较小)。我们发现,即使在知觉褪色时(褪色区块),对亮/暗的隐蔽视觉注意也会调节瞳孔大小,但调节程度要小于保留亮/暗知觉体验时(非褪色区块)。这意味着,瞳孔大小总是受到隐蔽注意力的调节,但这种影响会随着对亮度或暗度的主观体验的减少而减弱。从广义上讲,这表明认知对瞳孔大小的调节反映了高级和低级视觉处理的混合。
{"title":"The effect of covert visual attention on pupil size during perceptual fading","authors":"Ana Vilotijević,&nbsp;Sebastiaan Mathôt","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pupil size is modulated by various cognitive factors such as attention, working memory, mental imagery, and subjective perception. Previous studies examining cognitive effects on pupil size mainly focused on inducing or enhancing a subjective experience of brightness or darkness (for example by asking participants to attend to/memorize a bright or dark stimulus), and then showing that this affects pupil size. Surprisingly, the inverse has never been done; that is, it is still unknown what happens when a subjective experience of brightness or darkness is eliminated or strongly reduced even though bright or dark stimuli are physically present. Here, we aim to answer this question by using perceptual fading, a phenomenon where a visual stimulus gradually fades from visual awareness despite its continuous presentation. The study contains two blocks: Fading and Non-Fading. In the Fading block, participants were presented with black and white patches with a fuzzy outline that were presented at the same location throughout the block, thus inducing strong perceptual fading. In contrast, in the Non-Fading block, the patches switched sides on each trial, thus preventing perceptual fading. Participants covertly attended to one of the two patches, indicated by a cue, and reported the offset of one of a set of circles that are displayed on top. We hypothesized that pupil size will be modulated by covert visual attention in the Non-Fading block, but that this effect will not (or to a lesser extent) arise in the Fading block. We found that covert visual attention to bright/dark does modulate pupil size even during perceptual fading (Fading block), but to a lesser extent than when the perceptual experience of brightness/darkness is preserved (Non-Fading block). This implies that pupil size is always modulated by covert attention, but that the effect decreases as subjective experience of brightness or darkness decreases. In broader terms, this suggests that cognitive modulations of pupil size reflect a mixture of high-level and lower-level visual processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controversies, strategies, and collaboration in cognitive neuropsychology 认知神经心理学中的争议、策略与合作。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.007
Robert H. Logie
The synergy between cognitive theory and neuropsychology is a hallmark of Sergio Della Sala’s research, of his 25 years as editor of Cortex, and of over 40 years of a Della Sala-Logie research collaboration. This short article highlights some of that completed and ongoing collaborative research focused on the cognition of memory in the healthy, ageing, and impaired brain.
认知理论和神经心理学之间的协同作用是塞尔吉奥·德拉·萨拉(Sergio Della Sala)研究的标志,是他担任《皮质》杂志编辑25年的标志,也是德拉·萨拉与逻辑学合作研究40多年的标志。这篇短文重点介绍了一些已经完成的和正在进行的合作研究,这些研究集中在健康、衰老和受损大脑的记忆认知方面。
{"title":"Controversies, strategies, and collaboration in cognitive neuropsychology","authors":"Robert H. Logie","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synergy between cognitive theory and neuropsychology is a hallmark of Sergio Della Sala’s research, of his 25 years as editor of Cortex, and of over 40 years of a Della Sala-Logie research collaboration. This short article highlights some of that completed and ongoing collaborative research focused on the cognition of memory in the healthy, ageing, and impaired brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial working memory predicts re-cancellation behaviour in neglect 空间工作记忆预测忽视中的再取消行为。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006
Robert D. McIntosh , Stephanie Rossit , Nicoletta Beschin
The lateralised bias of spatial neglect can be modulated by concurrent non-lateralised impairments. For instance, people with left neglect may have spatial working memory deficits that prevent them from keeping track of locations visited in visual search tasks such as target cancellation. Not only do they omit targets in some parts of the array but they may revisit and re-cancel targets in other parts, and this re-cancellation behaviour increases dramatically in ‘invisible’ conditions, in which touching a target leaves no visible trace. It has been proposed that spatial memory deficits are the main reason for the rise of re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. This idea predicts that spatial memory abilities should correlate with re-cancellation behaviour; but this expected relationship has never been demonstrated. The present study takes an exploratory approach to describing the behaviour of 18 people with left visual neglect, following right hemisphere stroke, on touchscreen tests of spatial working memory and target cancellation. We show that people with neglect who are less able to remember locations in a spatial memory task tend to make more re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. We also describe an apparent trade-off, in which some people with neglect make many more re-cancellation errors, whilst others make many more target omissions. We suggest that the influence of spatial memory deficits on invisible cancellation tasks can be more fully captured by considering both types of errors, rather than re-cancellations only.
空间忽视的侧偏性可以通过并发的非侧偏性损伤来调节。例如,患有左忽视的人可能有空间工作记忆缺陷,这使他们无法在视觉搜索任务(如目标取消)中跟踪所访问的位置。它们不仅会忽略阵列中某些部分的目标,还可能重新访问并重新取消其他部分的目标,并且这种重新取消行为在“不可见”条件下急剧增加,在这种情况下,接触目标不会留下可见的痕迹。有研究认为,空间记忆缺陷是隐性消去条件下重消错误增加的主要原因。这一观点预测空间记忆能力应该与再取消行为相关;但这种预期的关系从未得到证实。本研究采用一种探索性的方法来描述18名右半球中风后左视觉忽视患者在空间工作记忆和目标取消的触摸屏测试中的行为。我们发现,在空间记忆任务中,被忽视的人在记忆位置的能力较差,在看不见的取消条件下,他们往往会犯更多的再取消错误。我们还描述了一种明显的权衡,在这种权衡中,一些被忽视的人会犯更多的重消错误,而另一些人则会犯更多的目标遗漏。我们建议空间记忆缺陷对无形取消任务的影响可以通过考虑两种类型的错误而不是仅仅重新取消任务来更充分地捕捉。
{"title":"Spatial working memory predicts re-cancellation behaviour in neglect","authors":"Robert D. McIntosh ,&nbsp;Stephanie Rossit ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Beschin","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lateralised bias of spatial neglect can be modulated by concurrent non-lateralised impairments. For instance, people with left neglect may have spatial working memory deficits that prevent them from keeping track of locations visited in visual search tasks such as target cancellation. Not only do they omit targets in some parts of the array but they may revisit and re-cancel targets in other parts, and this re-cancellation behaviour increases dramatically in ‘invisible’ conditions, in which touching a target leaves no visible trace. It has been proposed that spatial memory deficits are the main reason for the rise of re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. This idea predicts that spatial memory abilities should correlate with re-cancellation behaviour; but this expected relationship has never been demonstrated. The present study takes an exploratory approach to describing the behaviour of 18 people with left visual neglect, following right hemisphere stroke, on touchscreen tests of spatial working memory and target cancellation. We show that people with neglect who are less able to remember locations in a spatial memory task tend to make more re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. We also describe an apparent trade-off, in which some people with neglect make many more re-cancellation errors, whilst others make many more target omissions. We suggest that the influence of spatial memory deficits on invisible cancellation tasks can be more fully captured by considering both types of errors, rather than re-cancellations only.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Definition: Mirror writing 定义镜像书写
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.017
Jean-Paul Fischer , Robert D. McIntosh
{"title":"Definition: Mirror writing","authors":"Jean-Paul Fischer ,&nbsp;Robert D. McIntosh","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 214-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mirror writing of digits: Is there a difference between boys and girls? 数字的镜像书写:男孩和女孩之间有区别吗?
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.014
Jean-Paul Fischer
The neurological process of mirror generalization in memory, also known as mirror symmetrization, presents a real dilemma for typically developing 5- to 6-year-olds when learning to write characters (digits and letters). Should they write the digit 3 oriented to the left, that is correctly, or to the right, which leads to its mirror image ε? It has been anecdotally suggested that boys are more prone to mirror-writing than girls, but there is no scientific evidence for this idea. The present article gathers data from 691 children in the upper section of the French école maternelle (age between 5 and 6 ½), who each wrote the digits 0 to 9 four times under dictation and not necessarily in their natural order. Both simple and complex (mixed-effects linear regression) statistical comparisons on the percentages of digit reversal, show a substantial difference: girls produce more mirror reversals than boys. And yet the reversal curves as a function of the digits are quite similar between the two sexes (r = .97).
It has been proposed that mirror reversal of characters results from the left orientation of some of them (e.g., 3, 7, J, Z), that is, in an orientation contrary to the direction of writing in our Western cultures. The present investigation shows that (1) this character orientation hypothesis (choosing to write characters in the same orientation as sentence writing) better explains reversals than the counterclockwise hypothesis (children are trained to draw circles counter-clockwise to prepare for attached cursive writing); (2) the study of the stability of reversals additionally supports the explanation of mirror writing by the left orientation of the digits (1, 2, 3, 7 and, less obviously, 9); but (3) neither of the preceding findings (left-right orientation and stability) provided a convincing explanation for the aforementioned gender difference.
记忆中镜像泛化的神经学过程,也被称为镜像对称,在学习写字符(数字和字母)时给5到6岁的孩子带来了一个真正的困境。数字3应该向左写,这是正确的,还是向右写,这导致它的镜像ε?有传闻称,男孩比女孩更倾向于镜像书写,但这一观点没有科学依据。本文收集了691名法国儿童(年龄在5岁到6岁半之间)的数据,他们在口述的情况下将数字0到9写了四次,不一定是按自然顺序写的。简单和复杂(混合效应线性回归)的数字反转百分比统计比较显示出实质性差异:女孩比男孩产生更多的镜像反转。然而,两性之间的反向曲线作为手指的函数是非常相似的(r = .97)。有人提出,汉字的镜像反转是由于其中一些字符(例如,3,7,j, Z)的向左方向造成的,也就是说,与我们西方文化中的书写方向相反。本研究表明:(1)汉字朝向假设(选择与句子书写方向相同的汉字)比逆时针假设(儿童被训练逆时针画圆圈以准备附体草书书写)更能解释反转;(2)对反转稳定性的研究进一步支持了数字左向书写的解释(1、2、3、7和不太明显的9);但是(3)之前的研究结果(左右取向和稳定性)都不能令人信服地解释上述性别差异。
{"title":"Mirror writing of digits: Is there a difference between boys and girls?","authors":"Jean-Paul Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The neurological process of mirror generalization in memory, also known as mirror symmetrization, presents a real dilemma for typically developing 5- to 6-year-olds when learning to write characters (digits and letters). Should they write the digit 3 oriented to the left, that is correctly, or to the right, which leads to its mirror image <span><math><mrow><mo>ε</mo></mrow></math></span>? It has been anecdotally suggested that boys are more prone to mirror-writing than girls, but there is no scientific evidence for this idea. The present article gathers data from 691 children in the upper section of the French école maternelle (age between 5 and 6 ½), who each wrote the digits 0 to 9 four times under dictation and not necessarily in their natural order. Both simple and complex (mixed-effects linear regression) statistical comparisons on the percentages of digit reversal, show a substantial difference: girls produce more mirror reversals than boys. And yet the reversal curves as a function of the digits are quite similar between the two sexes (<em>r</em> = .97).</div><div>It has been proposed that mirror reversal of characters results from the left orientation of some of them (e.g., 3, 7, J, Z), that is, in an orientation contrary to the direction of writing in our Western cultures. The present investigation shows that (1) this character orientation hypothesis (choosing to write characters in the same orientation as sentence writing) better explains reversals than the counterclockwise hypothesis (children are trained to draw circles counter-clockwise to prepare for attached cursive writing); (2) the study of the stability of reversals additionally supports the explanation of mirror writing by the left orientation of the digits (1, 2, 3, 7 and, less obviously, 9); but (3) neither of the preceding findings (left-right orientation and stability) provided a convincing explanation for the aforementioned gender difference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"182 ","pages":"Pages 124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Cortex
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1