IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.008

Erin Duricy , Corrine Durisko , Julie A. Fiez

Numeracy, the foundation of mathematical processing, can be divided into two subcategories: approximate (quantity estimation) and precise numeracy (exact quantity). Loss of numeracy is commonly comorbid with aphasia following stroke, yet little is known about the neural basis of this relationship. We employed a support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping (SVR-LSM) analysis with N = 104 left hemisphere chronic stroke survivors to investigate the neural relationship between approximate and precise numeracy with language ability. Our results highlight key differences between how approximate and precise numeracy overlap with language processing regions. Approximate numeracy does not show a significant relationship to aphasia or language related regions, while precise numeracy shares considerable neural overlap with language areas and co-varies significantly with aphasia severity. The results support a priori hypotheses that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is crucially involved in approximation and additionally implicate regions including angular gyrus (AG), precentral gyrus, and anterior fusiform gyrus. In contrast, precise numeracy was linked to damage to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), AG, and anterior temporal cortex, as well as the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and posterior temporal regions. Overall, we provide evidence of strong lesion-deficit associations demonstrating distinct neural patterns between precise and approximate numeracy impairments. Crucially, we demonstrate that these subcategories have contrasting relationships with language processing.

计算能力是数学处理的基础，它可以分为两个子类：近似（数量估计）和精确计算能力（确切数量）。计算能力丧失通常与中风后失语症共病，但对这种关系的神经基础知之甚少。我们采用支持向量回归损伤-症状映射（SVR-LSM）分析了N = 104左脑慢性中风幸存者，以研究近似和精确计算能力与语言能力之间的神经关系。我们的研究结果突出了近似和精确计算与语言处理区域重叠的关键差异。近似计算能力与失语症或语言相关区域没有显着关系，而精确计算能力与语言区域有相当大的神经重叠，并与失语症严重程度显著共变。结果支持了一个先验假设，即顶叶内沟（IPS）在近似过程中起关键作用，并涉及角回（AG）、中央前回和前梭状回等区域。相比之下，精确计算能力与额下回（IFG）、AG、前颞皮质以及尾状核、丘脑和后颞区受损有关。总的来说，我们提供了强有力的损伤缺陷关联的证据，证明了精确和近似计算障碍之间不同的神经模式。至关重要的是，我们证明了这些子类别与语言处理的对比关系。

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引用次数: 0

Social cognition in the nonfluent and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia: A review of variant-specific profiles 社会认知在原发性进行性失语症的不流利和语言缺失变体：变体特异性概况的回顾。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.007

Natacha Cordonier , Olivier Piguet

Beyond their predominant language impairments, primary progressive aphasias (PPA) are also marked by non-linguistic cognitive deficits. Among these, social cognition deficits have been understudied, particularly in the non-fluent (nfvPPA) and logopenic (lvPPA) variants. This review synthesizes behavioural and imaging data on emotion recognition, empathy, and theory of mind (ToM) in nfvPPA and lvPPA, and examines their potential contribution to the differential diagnosis. Evidence suggests that both variants exhibit social cognition deficits. Emotion recognition deficits are observed from disease onset in nfvPPA and lvPPA, although performance varies across modalities and tasks. Empathy appears relatively preserved in early stages, with cognitive aspects showing more variability than affective empathy. Theory of mind is consistently impaired in nfvPPA but remains largely unexplored in lvPPA. Limited comparative research and lack of ToM studies in lvPPA constrain our understanding of variant-specific profiles. However, combining emotion recognition with other cognitive measures shows potential to improve classification of these variants. Similarly, a more rapid decline in empathy in nfvPPA could contribute to differential diagnosis as the disease progresses. Finally, hypotheses based on anatomo-clinical correlates suggest distinct ToM deficits between variants. By highlighting variant-specific profiles and gaps in research, this review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future research, improve diagnostic accuracy and inform clinical management of these syndromes.

除了主要的语言障碍外，原发性进行性失语症（PPA）还以非语言认知缺陷为特征。其中，社会认知缺陷尚未得到充分研究，特别是在非流利（nfvPPA）和logopenic （lvPPA）变体中。本综述综合了nfvPPA和lvPPA患者的情绪识别、共情和心理理论（ToM）的行为和影像学数据，并探讨了它们对鉴别诊断的潜在贡献。有证据表明，这两种变体都表现出社会认知缺陷。情绪识别缺陷在nfvPPA和lvPPA的疾病发作时被观察到，尽管表现因模式和任务而异。在早期阶段，共情表现出相对的保留，认知方面比情感共情表现出更多的变异性。心理理论一直在nfvPPA中受损，但在lvPPA中仍未得到充分研究。有限的比较研究和缺乏对lvPPA的ToM研究限制了我们对变异特异性谱的理解。然而，将情绪识别与其他认知测量相结合，显示出改善这些变体分类的潜力。同样，随着疾病的进展，nfvPPA患者的同理心下降速度更快，可能有助于鉴别诊断。最后，基于解剖学和临床相关性的假设表明，变异之间存在明显的ToM缺陷。通过强调研究中的变异特异性特征和差距，本综述为指导未来的研究、提高诊断准确性和为这些综合征的临床管理提供了全面的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Musical training shapes spatial cognition 音乐训练塑造空间认知

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.002

Daniel Paromov , Thomas MD Augereau , Maxime Maheu , Benoit-Antoine Bacon , Andréanne Sharp , François Champoux

Spatial cognition refers to the general ability to represent space, manipulate spatial information, and use concepts relating to this notion. Recent evidence suggests that brief multisensory training might improve this process, but the impact of long-term and intensive multisensory training on spatial cognition remains unexplored. The present study aims to examine the impact of musical training, a multisensory training involving the auditory function, on a body disorientation task with and without auditory cues. Thirty-eight participants were recruited and divided into two groups based on their musical experience (musicians and controls). They were asked to complete the Fukuda-Unterberger stepping task under four conditions: without any auditory input, and with auditory input originating at 0°, 45°, and 90° azimuth. This task is well known to create body disorientation as over the course of the task, the body position in space changes, unbeknownst to the participant. Results suggest that musicians are less susceptible to body disorientation, as measured in the stepping task, both in the absence and in the presence of auditory stimuli. The findings extend beyond recent research indicating that musical training can influence a wide range of auditory abilities, suggesting that it could also modulate a broader cognitive process, specifically spatial cognition. The demonstration that extensive multisensory training significantly enhances spatial cognition has relevance for rehabilitation in clinical settings.

空间认知是指表现空间、处理空间信息以及使用与此概念相关的概念的一般能力。最近的证据表明，短暂的多感官训练可能会改善这一过程，但长期和强化的多感官训练对空间认知的影响仍未被探索。本研究旨在探讨音乐训练（一种涉及听觉功能的多感官训练）对有或无听觉提示的身体定向障碍任务的影响。研究人员招募了38名参与者，并根据他们的音乐经验分为两组（音乐家和对照组）。他们被要求在四种情况下完成Fukuda-Unterberger步进任务：没有任何听觉输入，以及来自0°，45°和90°方位角的听觉输入。众所周知，这个任务会造成身体定向障碍，因为在任务过程中，身体在空间中的位置会发生变化，而参与者却不知道。结果表明，音乐家在没有或有听觉刺激的情况下，都不太容易受到身体定向障碍的影响。这些发现超越了最近的研究表明，音乐训练可以影响广泛的听觉能力，这表明它也可以调节更广泛的认知过程，特别是空间认知。广泛的多感官训练可以显著提高空间认知能力，这与临床康复相关。

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引用次数: 0

Cerebellar engagement for narrative comprehension in Chinese-English bilinguals 中英双语者叙事理解的小脑参与

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.015

Chan Tang , Hehui Li , Juan Zhang , Menghan Yang , Jie Chen , Linyan Liu , Xiangrong Tang , Yue Yang , Yang Lei , Lanfang Liu , Guosheng Ding

The cerebellum, traditionally regarded as a part of the motor network, has recently been implicated in higher-level language processing and narrative comprehension. However, its role in complex bilingual narrative comprehension remains unexplored. A critical question is whether the cerebellum maintains consistent functional profiles across languages or adapts flexibly. In this study, we investigated the cross-language consistency and language-specific modulations in cerebellar activation and cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity in highly proficient Chinese-English bilinguals (N = 28) while they completed a narrative comprehension task in their first (L1) and second (L2) language. We found that the right posterior cerebellum, particularly the Crus I and Crus II, exhibited spatially consistent activation during narrative comprehension in both languages. Compared to meaningless material processing, this region showed increased connectivity with the cortical default mode network (DMN) during narrative comprehension, with significantly stronger connectivity with DMN during L1 processing compared to L2. Additionally, the connectivity between the narrative-sensitive cerebellar regions and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was positively correlated with L2 age of acquisition (AoA) during L2 processing. This association between the cerebellum with L2 AoA suggests that the cerebellum undergoes bilingual experience-dependent adaptations to support bilingual language processing. Our results suggest that the cerebellum flexibly adjusts its connectivity and pattern with the cerebral cortex during narrative comprehension across languages. The enhanced cortico-cerebellar collaboration during L2 processing reflects a compensatory neural mechanism tied to L2 AoA. This study underscores the cerebellum's flexible functional mechanisms in bilingual narrative comprehension and its adaptive role in late L2 acquisition.

小脑，传统上被认为是运动网络的一部分，最近被认为与高级语言处理和叙事理解有关。然而，它在复杂的双语叙事理解中的作用尚未被探索。一个关键的问题是，小脑是否在不同语言之间保持一致的功能特征，还是灵活地适应。在本研究中，我们研究了高熟练中英双语者（N = 28）在完成第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）叙事理解任务时，小脑激活和皮质-小脑功能连通性的跨语言一致性和语言特异性调节。我们发现，在两种语言的叙事理解过程中，右侧小脑后部，特别是第一和第二小腿，表现出空间一致的激活。与无意义的材料加工相比，该区域在叙事理解过程中与皮质默认模式网络（DMN）的连通性增加，在L1加工过程中与DMN的连通性明显强于L2加工过程。此外，叙事敏感小脑区域与左侧额下回（IFG）之间的连通性与二语习得年龄（AoA）呈正相关。小脑与L2 AoA之间的这种联系表明，小脑经历了双语经验依赖的适应，以支持双语语言处理。我们的研究结果表明，在跨语言叙事理解过程中，小脑灵活地调整了与大脑皮层的连接和模式。在L2加工过程中，皮质-小脑协同作用的增强反映了与L2 AoA相关的代偿神经机制。本研究强调了小脑在双语叙事理解中的灵活功能机制及其在后期二语习得中的适应性作用。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9

引用次数: 0

Foundations of prosopagnosia: The three classic Austro-German reports 面孔失认症的基础：三份经典的奥德报告

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.006

Jason J.S. Barton , Moritz Feil

The term prosopagnosia was coined 78 years ago, in 1947. At that time few reports of a specific disorder of face recognition existed, the three most detailed being those of Wilbrand (1892), Hoff and Pötzl (1937), and Bodamer (1947). These laid the basis for much of our current thought about the manifestations of prosopagnosia, its associations, its structural basis, and theories about its functional mechanisms. However, since they were written in German and few current researchers are fluent in that language, these early works are relatively neglected today. In this review we discuss their highly detailed case descriptions, the prescient inductions they made from their clinical material, as well as their less successful speculations, with full translations provided as appendices. Familiarity with these older studies provides a perspective on the ongoing work in prosopagnosia.

面孔失认症这个词是在78年前的1947年创造的。当时很少有关于特定面部识别障碍的报道，最详细的三个是Wilbrand (1892)， Hoff和Pötzl（1937）以及Bodamer（1947）。这些奠定了我们目前对面孔失认症的表现形式、关联、结构基础和功能机制理论的许多思考的基础。然而，由于它们是用德语写的，现在很少有研究人员能流利地使用这种语言，这些早期的作品在今天相对被忽视了。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了他们非常详细的病例描述，他们从临床材料中做出的先见之明的归纳，以及他们不太成功的推测，并在附录中提供了完整的翻译。熟悉这些较早的研究为正在进行的面孔失认症研究提供了一个视角。

引用次数: 0

Motor preparation during pain observation does not influence event-related Mu and Beta desynchronization 疼痛观察期间的运动准备不影响与事件相关的Mu和β去同步。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.009

Carl Michael Galang , Michael Jenkins , Taryn Sanders , Ruchi Vijh , Sukhvinder S. Obhi

Previous EEG research has shown that observing others in pain increases sensorimotor activity, as indexed by Mu (7–12 Hz) and Beta (13–30 Hz) desynchronization. Such activity is often interpreted as reflecting empathic processing through shared neural representations between the observer and target. In everyday life, observing another in pain can trigger a range of potential action tendencies (e.g., withdrawing, helping, or protecting oneself), but EEG studies typically restrict movement to avoid artifacts. This immobility may produce an artificial scenario that limits our understanding of how motor readiness and empathic processing interact. The present study examined whether engaging the motor system (via a simple key press) modulates these neural responses. Participants observed videos and pictures of a hand being stabbed by a needle or touched by a Q-tip. In half of the blocks, they prepared and executed a speeded key press to a Go signal; in the other half, they remained still. Results revealed Mu and Beta desynchronization during pain observation regardless of movement condition, replicating prior findings. These effects were unrelated to reaction times or empathy traits, suggesting that sensorimotor resonance during pain observation reflects a stable response rather than one contingent on task-specific motor preparation.

先前的脑电图研究表明，观察他人处于疼痛状态会增加感觉运动活动，这是由Mu （7-12 Hz）和Beta （13-30 Hz）失同步所指示的。这种活动通常被解释为通过观察者和目标之间共享的神经表征来反映共情处理。在日常生活中，观察另一个处于痛苦中的人会引发一系列潜在的行为倾向（例如，退缩、帮助或保护自己），但脑电图研究通常会限制运动以避免伪影。这种不动可能会产生一种人为的场景，限制我们对运动准备和移情处理如何相互作用的理解。本研究考察了是否参与运动系统（通过一个简单的按键）调节这些神经反应。参与者观看了手被针刺或被棉签触摸的视频和图片。在一半的区块中，他们准备并执行了一个快速按键来发出Go信号；在另一半，他们保持不动。结果显示，无论运动条件如何，在疼痛观察期间，Mu和Beta都出现了不同步，这与先前的研究结果一致。这些效应与反应时间或共情特征无关，表明疼痛观察期间的感觉运动共振反映了一种稳定的反应，而不是一种特定任务的运动准备。

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引用次数: 0

Face processing deficits following brain tumours: Behavioural correlates and surgery-sensitive hotspots 脑肿瘤后的面部处理缺陷：行为相关性和手术敏感热点

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.014

Fabio Campanella , Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua , Giulia Sebastianutto , Miran Skrap

Introduction

Face processing deficits have mostly been documented in single cases/small samples, and rarely following brain tumours. Right hemisphere functions in general are under-investigated in brain tumour patients, despite the need to preserve them during surgery. We assessed anatomical correlates of a critical right hemisphere function, face processing, and specifically deficits in memorizing and recognizing unknown faces; decoding emotional expressions; and whether deficits are preferentially right lateralized, or could also be observed following left hemisphere damage.

Methods

110 patients with unilateral tumours were evaluated before/after surgery and at 6 months follow-up with a battery of tasks tapping different face processing levels: Benton Face Recognition Test (BFRT), Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMT-F), Ekman 60-Faces Test (EK-60F) for emotional expressions. Behavioural analyses assessed the prevalence of face related deficits across hemispheres and surgery effects. Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping (VLSM) provided more refined anatomical analysis.

Results

Deficits in BFRT & RMT-F were more frequent after right hemisphere tumours, while EK-60F impairments were more evenly distributed. Furthermore, deficits in BFRT and EK-60F significantly worsened post-surgery. VLSM mapped deficits in RMT-F in right hippocampal/middle temporal lesions. Furthermore, surgery in right Fusiform Face Area/Hippocampus led to greater deficits in BFRT, an association not visible pre-surgery. Likewise, lower post-surgery EK-60F scores were found after left Amygdala/Hippocampal damage.

Conclusions

Results highlight the key role of right temporal lobe for many aspects of face processing, with only emotion recognition being also associated with the left hemisphere. The sensitivity of facial processing hotspots to surgical damage demands careful monitoring.

面部处理缺陷大多记录在单个病例/小样本中，很少发生在脑肿瘤后。尽管在手术中需要保留右半球功能，但脑肿瘤患者的右半球功能总体上仍未得到充分研究。我们评估了右半球关键功能的解剖学相关性，面部处理，特别是记忆和识别未知面孔的缺陷；解码情绪表达；以及缺陷是否优先出现在右侧，或者也可以在左半球损伤后观察到。方法对110例单侧肿瘤患者术前、术后及随访6个月，采用本顿面部识别测试（BFRT）、面部识别记忆测试（RMT-F）、Ekman 60-Faces表情测试（EK-60F）等不同面部加工水平的任务进行评估。行为分析评估了整个大脑半球面部相关缺陷的患病率和手术效果。基于体素的病变症状映射（VLSM）提供了更精细的解剖分析。结果右半球肿瘤后BFRT和RMT-F的缺损更为常见，而EK-60F的缺损分布更为均匀。此外，BFRT和EK-60F的缺陷在术后显著恶化。VLSM在右侧海马/中颞叶病变中发现RMT-F缺陷。此外，右侧梭状面区/海马体手术导致更大的BFRT缺陷，这种关联在术前不可见。同样，左侧杏仁核/海马损伤后，术后EK-60F评分较低。结论右颞叶在人脸处理的许多方面起着关键作用，只有情绪识别与左半球有关。面部处理热点对手术损伤的敏感性需要仔细监测。

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引用次数: 0

Opportunities for Registered Reports in neuropsychology 神经心理学的注册报告机会。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014

Robert D. McIntosh , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Richard J. Binney , Pia Rotshtein

引用次数: 0

White matter differences in college-educated dyslexic and control adults: A diffusion MRI study in Brazilian Portuguese speakers 受过大学教育的失读症患者和对照组成人的白质差异：巴西葡萄牙语者的扩散MRI研究

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.003

Bruce Martins , Edson Amaro , Ellison Fernando Cardoso , Katerina Lukasova , Mariana Penteado Nucci

The brain white matter microstructure of adult dyslexic readers is rarely studied, particularly in non-English speaking populations. This study investigated structural differences in white matter between Dyslexic and Control adults, all native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with a college-level education. We analyzed diffusion MRI data from 62 volunteers (26 with dyslexia and 36 controls), using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Groups were matched for age, sex, handedness, and level of formal education. Deterministic analysis revealed significantly lower mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in individuals with dyslexia in the posterior right hemisphere, particularly in core reading-related tracts such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Probabilistic analysis showed widespread group differences in all diffusion measures investigated, including tracts not typically linked to dyslexia, and revealed alterations mainly in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in posterior portions of tracts within the right hemisphere. Correlations between reading fluency and diffusion metrics revealed distinct neural behavioral patterns between groups, suggesting different neural mechanisms underlying reading abilities. These findings provide novel insights into white matter microstructure in dyslexia among Portuguese speakers and underscore the importance of cross-linguistic studies in reading disorders.

成人阅读困难读者的脑白质微观结构很少被研究，特别是在非英语人群中。这项研究调查了有阅读困难的成年人和正常成年人的白质结构差异，这些成年人都是母语为巴西葡萄牙语并受过大学教育的人。我们使用确定性和概率方法分析了62名志愿者（26名患有阅读障碍，36名对照）的扩散MRI数据。各组根据年龄、性别、惯用手和正规教育水平进行匹配。确定性分析显示，阅读障碍患者右脑后半球的平均扩散率和径向扩散率明显较低，尤其是核心阅读相关束，如上纵束、下纵束和额枕下束。概率分析显示，在所有研究的扩散测量中，包括与阅读障碍没有典型联系的神经束，存在广泛的组间差异，并揭示了右半球神经束后部的部分各向异性和径向扩散率的改变。阅读流畅性和扩散指标之间的相关性揭示了不同组间不同的神经行为模式，提示阅读能力背后的不同神经机制。这些发现为葡萄牙语使用者阅读障碍的白质微观结构提供了新的见解，并强调了跨语言研究在阅读障碍中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

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Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions