Cortex最新文献_第2页

Neurophysiological signature of working memory updating during encoding 编码过程中工作记忆更新的神经生理特征。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.013

Kathrin Sadus , Anna-Lena Schubert , Christoph Löffler , Wiebke Hemming , Dirk Hagemann

Working memory (WM) has been extensively studied in cognitive psychology, with numerous tasks developed to measure its capacity. Among these, binding and updating tasks that assess the ability to build, maintain, and manipulate temporary relational representations have been shown to be particularly suitable for assessing WM capacity (WMC). In the present study, we investigated the specific processes involved in updating during WM encoding by comparing the electrophysiological signals in binding and updating tasks. In addition, we compared specific forms of updating demands by contrasting substitution and transformation processes. Finally, we examined whether individual differences in updating activity are related to WM performance. We recruited a heterogeneous sample of 151 participants (female = 89, M_age = 34.77, SD = 12.78) who completed a binding and two updating tasks while an EEG was recorded. Mass univariate cluster-based permutation analyses of event-related potentials consistently showed a temporally and spatially widespread cluster when comparing updating and binding. This cluster was characterized by an increased positivity associated with updating, appearing predominantly in the frontal regions during early time windows (approximately 130–350 msec after stimulus onset) and later shifting to the parietal regions (from approximately 350 msec onward). Additionally, when comparing transformation and substitution, we found an increase in positivity associated with transformation, peaking within a typical P3 time window (approximately 400 msec). Finally, we found that only individual differences in transformation-related activity were associated with individual differences in WMC.

工作记忆（WM）在认知心理学中得到了广泛的研究，并开发了许多测试其容量的任务。其中，评估构建、维护和操作临时关系表示能力的绑定和更新任务已被证明特别适合评估WM容量（WMC）。在本研究中，我们通过比较结合和更新任务中的电生理信号，研究了WM编码中涉及更新的具体过程。此外，我们通过对比替代和转换过程，比较了特定形式的更新需求。最后，我们研究了更新活动的个体差异是否与WM性能有关。我们招募了151名异质样本（女性= 89，男性= 34.77,SD = 12.78），他们在记录脑电图的同时完成了一次绑定和两次更新任务。基于大规模单变量簇的事件相关电位排列分析在比较更新和绑定时一致显示出时间和空间上广泛分布的簇。该簇的特征是与更新相关的正性增加，在早期时间窗口（刺激开始后约130-350毫秒）主要出现在额叶区域，随后转移到顶叶区域（约350毫秒以后）。此外，当比较转换和替代时，我们发现与转换相关的积极性增加，在典型的P3时间窗（大约400毫秒）内达到峰值。最后，我们发现只有转化相关活动的个体差异与WMC的个体差异相关。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive-linguistic skills in production of expository discourse: Insights from longitudinal changes and neural correlates in primary progressive aphasia 说明性话语产生中的认知语言技能：来自原发性进行性失语症的纵向变化和神经相关的见解。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.011

Marina A. Anwia , Mara Steinberg Lowe , Sophie Matis , James Carrick , Olivier Piguet , Ramon Landin-Romero , Kirrie J. Ballard

Background

Engaging in conversational and story-telling discourse involves an interplay of language and cognitive skills, including working memory, attention, and inference-making. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) provides a model for exploring discourse, as both language and cognitive abilities change over time with changes in cortical atrophy. Here, associations between morphosyntactic discourse skills and patterns of cortical atrophy are measured over time in nonfluent (nfv), logopenic (lv) and semantic (sv) variants of PPA.

Method

Participants were 27 individuals with nfvPPA (M = 66.6 years ± 8.3), 30 lvPPA (M = 66.7 ± 7.3), 33 svPPA (M = 64.8 ± 6.7), and 36 healthy controls (HC; M = 65.5 ± 6.8). Picture descriptions were analysed for word density and diversity, sentence complexity, well-formedness, and fluency annually for up to three timepoints. Associations between language measures and cortical thickness on structural MRI scans were analysed.

Results

At timepoint 1, nfvPPA performed below other groups on most measures; lvPPA were differentiated from svPPA on fluency measures only. Longitudinally, utterance length declined in all variants. For nfvPPA, this was linked with reduced sentence complexity and cortical atrophy in regions engaged by higher attentional demand. For lvPPA, it was linked with increasing grammatical errors and atrophy extending into perisylvian language network. No associations were identified for svPPA.

Conclusions

Findings provide insight into how discourse production is underpinned by a network that extends beyond classic language regions, with morphosyntactic elements of discourse associated in part with regions involved in domain-general cognitive skills such as error-monitoring and elaborative encoding. Findings can also inform assessment, prognosis, and intervention for communication through the PPA disease course.

背景：参与对话和讲故事的话语涉及语言和认知技能的相互作用，包括工作记忆、注意力和推理。原发性进行性失语症（PPA）提供了一个探索话语的模型，因为语言和认知能力随着时间的推移而改变，随着皮质萎缩的变化。在这里，形态句法话语技巧和皮层萎缩模式之间的关联随着时间的推移被测量在非流利（nfv），语义（lv）和语义（sv）变体的PPA。方法：研究对象为nfvPPA患者27例（M = 66.6±8.3岁），lvPPA患者30例（M = 66.7±7.3岁），svPPA患者33例（M = 64.8±6.7），健康对照36例（HC, M = 65.5±6.8）。图片描述的单词密度和多样性、句子复杂性、格式良好性和流畅性每年最多分析三个时间点。语言测量和结构MRI扫描的皮层厚度之间的关联进行了分析。结果：在时间点1，nfvPPA在大多数指标上的表现低于其他组；lvPPA与svPPA仅在流畅性测量上有所区别。纵向上，所有变体的话语长度都在下降。对于nfvPPA，这与句子复杂性降低和高注意力需求区域的皮质萎缩有关。对于lvPPA来说，它与语法错误的增加和延伸到波斯语网络的萎缩有关。未发现与svPPA相关。结论：研究结果揭示了话语产生是如何由一个超越经典语言区域的网络支撑的，话语的形态句法元素部分与涉及领域一般认知技能的区域相关，如错误监控和详细编码。研究结果还可以为PPA病程的评估、预后和干预交流提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9

引用次数: 0

Opportunities for Registered Reports in neuropsychology 神经心理学的注册报告机会。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014

Robert D. McIntosh , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Richard J. Binney , Pia Rotshtein

引用次数: 0

Impact of interoception and multisensory integration on functional and physical activities in aging 内感受和多感觉整合对老年人功能和身体活动的影响

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.010

M.R. Pasciucco , S. Nunziata , S. Iuliano , M.G. Perrucci , M. Costantini , G. Ruggiero , F. Ferri

Aging affects the ability to process sensory input from the body (interoception) and integrate information from multiple sensory modalities. Interoception, which involves perceiving and interpreting internal bodily signals, undergoes significant changes with age, reducing the ability to recognize and respond to internal needs. Additionally, deficits in multisensory integration are known to predict declines in gait and stability, increasing the risk of falls and mobility issues in older adults. These changes impact physical health and hinder action planning and execution, yet the combined influence of interoception and multisensory integration on physical functioning remains underexplored. This study investigated how interoception and multisensory integration predict physical functioning in older adults compared to younger adults. Twenty-five young and twenty-eight older participants completed tasks assessing interoceptive dimensions (accuracy, sensibility, and awareness) and multisensory integration dimensions (temporal resolution and tactile acuity). Physical functioning was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. In the older adult group, regression analyses revealed that interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive awareness, and multisensory temporal resolution significantly predicted physical functioning. Higher interoceptive sensibility and awareness were associated with better physical functioning, while reduced temporal resolution was linked to poorer functioning. These factors also predicted role limitations due to physical health: higher interoceptive awareness and sensibility were related to fewer limitations, whereas temporal resolution and tactile acuity were associated with greater limitations. These findings emphasize the critical role of interoceptive and multisensory processing in supporting physical functioning and managing perceived limitations in older adults, highlighting the importance of preserving these sensory capacities to maintain well-being in aging populations.

衰老会影响处理来自身体的感觉输入（内感受）和整合来自多种感觉模式的信息的能力。内感觉，包括感知和解释身体内部信号，随着年龄的增长而发生重大变化，降低了识别和响应内部需求的能力。此外，已知多感觉统合的缺陷预示着步态和稳定性的下降，增加了老年人跌倒和行动问题的风险。这些变化影响身体健康，阻碍行动计划和执行，但内感受和多感觉整合对身体功能的综合影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究调查了内感受和多感觉整合如何预测老年人和年轻人的身体功能。25名年轻参与者和28名年长参与者完成了评估内感受维度（准确性、敏感性和意识）和多感觉整合维度（时间分辨率和触觉敏锐度）的任务。使用SF-36问卷测量身体功能。在老年人组中，回归分析显示，内感受性、内感受性意识和多感觉时间分辨率显著预测身体功能。较高的内感受性和意识与较好的身体机能有关，而较低的时间分辨力与较差的身体机能有关。这些因素也预测了由于身体健康造成的角色限制：较高的内感受意识和敏感性与较少的限制有关，而时间分辨率和触觉敏锐度与较大的限制有关。这些发现强调了内感受和多感觉处理在支持老年人身体功能和管理感知限制方面的关键作用，强调了保持这些感觉能力对维持老年人健康的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Connectional diaschisis associated with acute psychosis after right thalamic stroke: A case report 右丘脑卒中后急性精神病伴连通性损伤1例报告

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.009

Giorgia Adamo , Alessandro Salvalaggio , Lorenzo Pini , Diego Cecchin , Silvia Facchini , Antonio Luigi Bisogno , Antonino Vallesi , Maurizio Corbetta

We report a rare case of sudden-onset psychiatric syndrome following a right thalamic ischemic event. Potential mechanisms involving both structural and functional thalamic disconnection are considered. A 51-year-old man was admitted to the Neurology Unit at the Azienda Ospedale-Università of Padova with sudden-onset confusion and amnesia, accompanied by visual and auditory hallucinations and emotional lability. An initial head CT scan showed no evidence of stroke; however, a follow-up MRI revealed a recent ischemic lesion in the right mediodorsal nucleus (MDN) of the thalamus. A brain [18F]FDG PET-MRI scan identified a small hypometabolic area in the right anterolateral frontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex was structurally and functionally disconnected by the thalamic lesion. Neuropsychological testing revealed deficits of executive functions, particularly in planning and abstract reasoning, as well as impairments in long-term verbal and visuospatial memory and deficits in the visuoperceptual domain. The patient was treated with risperidone and venlafaxine, leading to an improvement in psychotic symptoms at both discharge and follow-up. Understanding these network-level disruptions may offer valuable insights into therapeutic approaches and prognostic evaluation.

我们报告一个罕见的病例突发性精神综合征后右丘脑缺血事件。潜在的机制涉及结构和功能丘脑断开考虑。一名51岁男子因突然发作的精神错乱和健忘症，并伴有视觉和听觉幻觉以及情绪不稳定而入住帕多瓦Azienda ospedale大学神经内科。最初的头部CT扫描显示没有中风的迹象；然而，后续MRI显示在丘脑右侧中背核（MDN）最近出现缺血性病变。脑[18F]FDG PET-MRI扫描在右侧前外侧额叶皮层发现一个小的低代谢区。前额皮质在结构和功能上被丘脑损伤断开。神经心理学测试揭示了执行功能的缺陷，特别是在计划和抽象推理方面，以及长期言语和视觉空间记忆的损伤和视觉感知领域的缺陷。患者接受利培酮和文拉法辛治疗，出院和随访时精神病症状均有改善。了解这些网络层面的破坏可能为治疗方法和预后评估提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The latency of a domain-general visual surprise signal is attribute dependent 域通用视觉惊喜信号的延迟是属性依赖的。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.007

Benjamin G. Lowe , Naohide Yamamoto , Jonathan Robinson , Patrick Johnston

Predictions concerning upcoming visual input play a key role in resolving percepts. Sometimes input is surprising, under which circumstances the brain must calibrate erroneous predictions so that perception is veridical. Despite the extensive literature investigating the nature of prediction error signalling, it is still unclear how this process interacts with the functionally segregated nature of the visual cortex, particularly within the temporal domain. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from humans (N = 32) whilst they viewed static image trajectories containing a bound object that sequentially changed along different visual attribute dimensions (shape and colour). Crucially, the context of this change was designed to appear random (and unsurprising) or violate the established trajectory (and cause a surprise). Event-related potential analysis found no effects of surprise after controlling for cortical adaptation. However, multivariate pattern analyses found whole-scalp neural representations of visual surprise that overlapped between attributes, albeit at distinct, attribute-specific latencies. These findings suggest that visual surprise results in generalised (i.e., attribute-agnostic) prediction error responses that conform to an attribute-dependent temporal hierarchy.

关于即将到来的视觉输入的预测在解决感知中起着关键作用。有时输入是令人惊讶的，在这种情况下，大脑必须校准错误的预测，以便感知是真实的。尽管大量的文献研究了预测错误信号的本质，但人们仍然不清楚这个过程是如何与视觉皮层的功能分离性相互作用的，特别是在颞域中。在这里，我们记录了人类（N = 32）的脑电图（EEG），同时他们观看了包含一个固定物体的静态图像轨迹，这些物体沿着不同的视觉属性维度（形状和颜色）顺序变化。至关重要的是，这种变化的背景被设计成随机的（并且不令人惊讶），或者违反既定的轨迹（并引起意外）。事件相关电位分析发现，在控制皮层适应后，惊讶没有影响。然而，多变量模式分析发现，视觉惊讶的全头皮神经表征在属性之间重叠，尽管是在不同的属性特异性潜伏期。这些发现表明，视觉惊喜会导致广义（即属性不可知）的预测误差反应，这种反应符合属性依赖的时间层次。

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引用次数: 0

The cognitive neuropsychology of action semantics: A review 动作语义学的认知神经心理学研究进展。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.008

Amy L. Lebkuecher , H. Branch Coslett , Laurel J. Buxbaum

The conceptual knowledge that mediates our ability to use familiar objects, understand viewed actions, and engage in communication about actions is often termed “action semantics”.

The underlying format, cognitive organization, and neural substrates of these representations are matters of active scientific investigation. This review synthesizes the large and diverse literature on action semantics in individuals with neurological disorders characterized by prominent motor deficits (e.g., Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), as well as those for whom motor deficits are often less prominent (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, stroke). Research in these two groups of disorders is strikingly “siloed” and offers many contradictory findings with respect to whether action semantic representations are abstract (i.e., “disembodied”) or grounded in sensory and motor features that reflect the way knowledge was acquired. Findings across these populations also disagree as to whether action semantic representations are organized somatotopically or with a semantic feature-based architecture, and mediated by anterior motor-related or relatively posterior sensory-related brain regions. Many of these disparate findings can be reconciled with consideration of a multidimensional, multimodal representational architecture mediated by a distributed left-lateralized network of brain regions. We provide suggestions for specific methodological approaches for research with neurological populations that may further our understanding of the format, organization, and neural substrates of action semantics.

这些概念性知识调节着我们使用熟悉的对象、理解所看到的动作以及参与有关动作的交流的能力，这些知识通常被称为“动作语义”。这些表征的基本形式、认知组织和神经基质是积极的科学研究问题。这篇综述综合了大量不同的关于以显著运动缺陷为特征的神经系统疾病患者（如帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症）以及那些运动缺陷通常不太突出的患者（如阿尔茨海默病、额颞叶痴呆、中风）的动作语义学的文献。对于这两组障碍的研究都非常“孤立”，并且在动作语义表征是抽象的（即“无实体的”）还是基于反映知识获取方式的感觉和运动特征方面提供了许多相互矛盾的发现。这些人群的研究结果也不一致，即动作语义表征是由躯体性组织还是以语义特征为基础的结构组织，并由前运动相关脑区或相对后的感觉相关脑区介导。许多这些不同的发现可以与考虑一个多维的、多模态的表征结构相协调，该结构由大脑区域的分布式左侧网络介导。我们为神经学群体的研究提供了具体的方法方法建议，这可能会进一步加深我们对动作语义的形式、组织和神经基础的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of coarse- and orientation-tuning for native letters in children aged 3–9 years old: Oddball fast periodic stimulation study 3-9岁儿童母语字母粗调和定向调音的发展：古怪快速周期刺激研究。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.004

Daria Kostanian , Tatiana Logvinenko , Olga Sysoeva

To examine the processes contributing to reading, we investigated neurophysiological letter coding in typically developing children (3.6–9.3 years) using an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation and a 32-channel electroencephalogram. Non-native (Georgian) letters appeared every fifth item in a stream of native (Russian) letters, presented at a frequency of 6 Hz. This contrast (foreign condition, n = 46) elicited significant discrimination responses at the frequency of non-native letters presentation – 1.2 Hz – and its harmonics, even in children who did not yet acquire reading skills. We also investigated native letter orientation sensitivity using 180-degree-rotated Russian letters in a stream of upright Russian letters (inverted condition, n = 42, overlap with foreign condition n = 37). Discrimination responses increased with age in both conditions but followed different trajectories. In the foreign condition, it significantly increased in the subgroup of pre-reading children and plateaued in older children. In the inverted condition, discrimination response emerged only in reading children and showed significant correlation with age in this subgroup. The results support two systems of tuning for letters: a coarse tuning system that differentiates native from foreign letters and develops in pre-reading age through environmental exposure, and an orientation tuning system that develops with reading acquisition.

为了研究有助于阅读的过程，我们使用古怪的快速周期性视觉刺激和32通道脑电图研究了正常发育儿童（3.6-9.3岁）的神经生理字母编码。非母语（格鲁吉亚语）字母以6赫兹的频率出现在母语（俄语）字母流中的每五个项目中。这种对比（外国条件，n = 46）引起了对非母语字母呈现频率（1.2 Hz）及其谐波的显著歧视反应，即使在尚未获得阅读技能的儿童中也是如此。我们还研究了母语字母方向的敏感性，使用180度旋转的俄语字母在直立俄语字母流中（倒置条件，n = 42，与外国条件n = 37重叠）。在两种情况下，歧视反应随年龄增长而增加，但遵循不同的轨迹。在国外条件下，在学前儿童亚组中显著增加，在大一点的儿童中趋于稳定。在反向条件下，歧视反应仅在阅读儿童中出现，且在该亚组中与年龄显著相关。研究结果支持两种字母调音系统：一种是通过环境暴露在阅读前形成的区分母语和外文字母的粗调音系统，另一种是随着阅读习得而形成的定向调音系统。

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引用次数: 0

The neural dynamics of current and past self-face perception: Challenging the privilege access hypothesis 当前和过去自我面孔感知的神经动力学：挑战特权获取假说

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.006

Gyula Kovács , Lisa Göschel , Sophie Magdalena Pawlik , Antonella Tramacere

Setting apart the neural properties of familiarity for both self and others' faces helps deepen our understanding of the cognitive, developmental, and theoretical dimensions of social dynamics and human identity. Motivated by this goal, we conducted a multivariate cross-classification EEG experiment where we tested whether individuals represent their own face as similar to other highly familiar faces or code self-faces through different familiarity processes. We compare the representational dynamics for self and other faces in both their current and past versions. Participants were presented highly variable faces of four familiarity categories (self, parent, close-friend and unknown) in two versions across lifespan: current and past images, which were taken 10 years ago. Linear discriminant classifiers were trained and tested on EEG patterns to discriminate familiar and unfamiliar faces. Time-resolved classification revealed that the neural representations of familiarity emerge before 200 msec post-stimulus onset and remains significant until 600 msec, independently of familiarity level and age. Further, our findings show that the temporal dynamics of familiarity is similar for self-faces and other highly familiar faces. Our study provides new insights into how the brain represents self-identity and suggest that important aspects of self-recognition, such as the familiarity of self-face, is supported by learning processes rather than privilege introspective mechanisms.

将熟悉自己和他人面孔的神经特性分开，有助于加深我们对社会动态和人类身份的认知、发展和理论维度的理解。在这个目标的激励下，我们进行了一个多变量交叉分类脑电图实验，我们测试了个体是将自己的脸表示为与其他高度熟悉的脸相似，还是通过不同的熟悉过程编码自己的脸。我们比较了当前和过去版本中自我和他人面孔的表征动态。研究人员向参与者展示了四种熟悉类别（自我、父母、亲密朋友和未知）的高度可变的面孔，这些面孔在整个生命周期中分为两种版本：现在和过去的照片，这些照片拍摄于10年前。对线性判别分类器进行训练和脑电模式测试，以区分熟悉和不熟悉的面孔。时间分辨分类表明，熟悉度的神经表征在刺激后200毫秒前出现，并在600毫秒前保持显著，与熟悉程度和年龄无关。此外，我们的研究结果表明，熟悉度的时间动态对于自我面孔和其他高度熟悉的面孔是相似的。我们的研究为大脑如何表现自我认同提供了新的见解，并表明自我认同的重要方面，如对自我面孔的熟悉程度，是由学习过程而不是特权内省机制支持的。

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引用次数: 0