IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.012

Theresa Paulus , Astrid Prochnow , Julia Jaworski , Lars-Michael Schöpper , Christian Beste , Christian Frings , Alexander Münchau , Julius Verrel , Tobias Bäumer

Distractor-response binding (DRB) has been widely studied to understand the interplay between perception and motor processes, with DRB effects referring to performance costs or benefits that arise when previously co-occurring distractors and responses are retrieved together. We hypothesize that musical training and musical perception skills modulate flexibility in reconfiguring auditory perception–action associations; this has not yet been investigated in the context of DRB. Here, we use an auditory DRB paradigm with concomitant EEG recordings to investigate how auditory-motor bindings are established, retrieved, and how they might differ between harmonic versus inharmonic sounds. Using a healthy sample of participants (N = 42) with a wide range of musical training, we also investigated whether these processes are modulated by musical perception skills, assessed using the well-established Micro-PROMS (Profile of Music Perception Skills).

Behavioral and EEG results indicated significant DRB effects for both harmonic and inharmonic distractor sound combinations. These effects were modulated by harmonicity: stronger behavioral DRB effects and weaker DRB effects in theta band activity were found when inharmonic as compared to harmonic distractor stimuli were presented. Beamformer analysis localized the theta band effect to the right superior temporal cortex, highlighting the role of this brain area in auditory-motor integration. Further, this study provides evidence that participants with better musical perception skills and higher cumulative practice time show increased flexibility in handling perception–action associations. Together, these findings enhance the understanding of how auditory stimuli interact with motor actions, particularly in relation to individual differences in musical perception skills.

为了理解感知和运动过程之间的相互作用，人们对分心物-反应结合（DRB）进行了广泛的研究，DRB效应是指当先前共同发生的分心物和反应一起被检索时产生的性能成本或收益。我们假设音乐训练和音乐感知技能调节了重新配置听觉感知-行动关联的灵活性；这一点尚未在DRB的背景下进行调查。在这里，我们使用伴随脑电图记录的听觉DRB范式来研究听觉-运动绑定是如何建立和检索的，以及它们在谐波和非谐波声音之间的差异。使用健康的参与者样本（N = 42）进行广泛的音乐训练，我们还研究了这些过程是否受到音乐感知技能的调节，使用成熟的Micro-PROMS（音乐感知技能概况）进行评估。行为和脑电图结果显示谐波和非谐波干扰声组合对DRB均有显著影响。这些效应被谐波调节：与谐波干扰物刺激相比，非谐波干扰物刺激更强的行为DRB效应和更弱的θ波段活动DRB效应。波束形成分析将θ波段效应定位在右侧颞上皮层，强调了该脑区在听觉-运动整合中的作用。此外，本研究还提供了证据，证明具有更好的音乐感知技能和更长的累积练习时间的参与者在处理感知-行动关联方面表现出更高的灵活性。总之，这些发现加强了对听觉刺激如何与运动动作相互作用的理解，特别是与音乐感知技能的个体差异有关。

{"title":"Auditory-motor distractor-response binding is modulated by harmonicity of stimuli and acoustical discrimination skills","authors":"Theresa Paulus , Astrid Prochnow , Julia Jaworski , Lars-Michael Schöpper , Christian Beste , Christian Frings , Alexander Münchau , Julius Verrel , Tobias Bäumer","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distractor-response binding (DRB) has been widely studied to understand the interplay between perception and motor processes, with DRB effects referring to performance costs or benefits that arise when previously co-occurring distractors and responses are retrieved together. We hypothesize that musical training and musical perception skills modulate flexibility in reconfiguring auditory perception–action associations; this has not yet been investigated in the context of DRB. Here, we use an auditory DRB paradigm with concomitant EEG recordings to investigate how auditory-motor bindings are established, retrieved, and how they might differ between harmonic versus inharmonic sounds. Using a healthy sample of participants (N = 42) with a wide range of musical training, we also investigated whether these processes are modulated by musical perception skills, assessed using the well-established Micro-PROMS (Profile of Music Perception Skills).</div><div>Behavioral and EEG results indicated significant DRB effects for both harmonic and inharmonic distractor sound combinations. These effects were modulated by harmonicity: stronger behavioral DRB effects and weaker DRB effects in theta band activity were found when inharmonic as compared to harmonic distractor stimuli were presented. Beamformer analysis localized the theta band effect to the right superior temporal cortex, highlighting the role of this brain area in auditory-motor integration. Further, this study provides evidence that participants with better musical perception skills and higher cumulative practice time show increased flexibility in handling perception–action associations. Together, these findings enhance the understanding of how auditory stimuli interact with motor actions, particularly in relation to individual differences in musical perception skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 155-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146124109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of vision and proprioception in implicit and explicit self-movement recognition 视觉和本体感觉在内隐和外显自我运动识别中的作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.008

Ivan Patané , Mariano D'Angelo , Elisa Zamagni , Richard Moreau , Minh Tu Pham , Alice C. Roy , Francesca Frassinetti , Alessandro Farnè

The recognition of one's own body is a fundamental component of body self-representation. While several studies have reported a self-advantage (enhanced performance when processing one's own body parts), this phenomenon appears complex and inconsistently observed across tasks. In particular, a self-advantage often emerges in implicit tasks, where self-recognition is incidental, whereas explicit self-recognition tasks sometimes reveal no advantage or even a self-disadvantage. Although previous research has examined various aspects of movement self-recognition, systematic investigations directly comparing self-advantage effects in implicit versus explicit recognition of one's own movements, and disentangling the respective contributions of vision and proprioception within this framework, remain scarce. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the self-advantage effect previously reported for static body parts extends to the recognition of one's own movements, in visual and proprioceptive conditions. In the implicit task, participants judged the perceived lateral direction (left or right) of their own or others' arm reaching movements, which were pre-recorded and replayed using an upper-limb exoskeleton. In the explicit task, participants judged whether reaching movements were their own or not. In the visual condition, they observed the exoskeleton executing the reaching movements, while in the proprioceptive condition their arm was passively moved by the exoskeleton. Results showed self-advantage in the implicit recognition task, with participants demonstrating higher accuracy in discriminating their own actions in both visual and proprioceptive modalities. Notably, this self-advantage for movement ownership was also observed in the explicit recognition within the visual modality, but was absent in the proprioceptive modality. Thus, individuals can implicitly differentiate distinct proprioceptive and visual kinematic patterns associated with their own movements, this advantage extending to explicit recognition in the visual modality. These findings reveal the role of proprioceptive experience in implicitly favoring action discrimination and highlight the differential influence of visual and proprioceptive cues in motion self-recognition.

对自己身体的认知是身体自我表征的一个基本组成部分。虽然有几项研究报告了自我优势（在处理自己的身体部位时提高了表现），但这种现象似乎很复杂，而且在不同的任务中观察到的结果并不一致。尤其是内隐任务中，自我识别往往是偶然出现的，而外显任务中，自我识别有时没有任何优势，甚至有自我劣势。尽管先前的研究已经考察了运动自我识别的各个方面，但系统的研究直接比较了对自己运动的内隐和外显识别的自我优势效应，并在这个框架内理清视觉和本体感觉各自的贡献，仍然很少。在这里，我们测试了先前报道的静态身体部位的自我优势效应延伸到视觉和本体感觉条件下对自己运动的识别的假设。在隐性任务中，参与者判断自己或他人的手臂伸展运动的感知侧向（左或右），这些动作被预先记录并使用上肢外骨骼重放。在显性任务中，参与者判断伸手动作是否属于自己。在视觉条件下，他们观察外骨骼执行伸展运动，而在本体感觉条件下，他们的手臂被外骨骼被动地移动。结果显示，内隐识别任务具有自我优势，参与者在视觉和本体感觉模式下都能更准确地识别自己的行为。值得注意的是，这种运动所有权的自我优势在视觉模态内的外显识别中也被观察到，但在本体感觉模态中不存在。因此，个体可以隐式区分与自身运动相关的不同本体感觉和视觉运动模式，这种优势扩展到视觉形态的显式识别。这些发现揭示了本体感受经验在隐性偏好动作辨别中的作用，并强调了视觉和本体感受线索在运动自我识别中的差异影响。

{"title":"The role of vision and proprioception in implicit and explicit self-movement recognition","authors":"Ivan Patané , Mariano D'Angelo , Elisa Zamagni , Richard Moreau , Minh Tu Pham , Alice C. Roy , Francesca Frassinetti , Alessandro Farnè","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recognition of one's own body is a fundamental component of body self-representation. While several studies have reported a self-advantage (enhanced performance when processing one's own body parts), this phenomenon appears complex and inconsistently observed across tasks. In particular, a self-advantage often emerges in implicit tasks, where self-recognition is incidental, whereas explicit self-recognition tasks sometimes reveal no advantage or even a self-disadvantage. Although previous research has examined various aspects of movement self-recognition, systematic investigations directly comparing self-advantage effects in implicit versus explicit recognition of one's own movements, and disentangling the respective contributions of vision and proprioception within this framework, remain scarce. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the self-advantage effect previously reported for static body parts extends to the recognition of one's own movements, in visual and proprioceptive conditions. In the implicit task, participants judged the perceived lateral direction (left or right) of their own or others' arm reaching movements, which were pre-recorded and replayed using an upper-limb exoskeleton. In the explicit task, participants judged whether reaching movements were their own or not. In the visual condition, they observed the exoskeleton executing the reaching movements, while in the proprioceptive condition their arm was passively moved by the exoskeleton. Results showed self-advantage in the implicit recognition task, with participants demonstrating higher accuracy in discriminating their own actions in both visual and proprioceptive modalities. Notably, this self-advantage for movement ownership was also observed in the explicit recognition within the visual modality, but was absent in the proprioceptive modality. Thus, individuals can implicitly differentiate distinct proprioceptive and visual kinematic patterns associated with their own movements, this advantage extending to explicit recognition in the visual modality. These findings reveal the role of proprioceptive experience in implicitly favoring action discrimination and highlight the differential influence of visual and proprioceptive cues in motion self-recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 61-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should aphantasia be rehabilitated? The case for subtype-specific interventions 缺失症应该恢复吗？针对亚型的干预措施。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.005

Juha Silvanto

引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(26)00058-4

Cover caption:'Light and Colour (Goethe's Theory) – The Morning after the Deluge – Moses Writing the Book of Genesis', by J. M. W. Turner (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2653879). This image relates to Gardner, Saurels, and Arnold's article in this volume, which confirms that pupil size are modulated by mental imagery of light and dark, though these changes did not correlate with imagery vividness ratings.

封面说明：“光和颜色（歌德的理论）-洪水后的早晨-摩西写创世纪”，作者：j.m.w.特纳（https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2653879）。这张图片与加德纳、索雷尔斯和阿诺德在本卷中的文章有关，这篇文章证实了瞳孔的大小是由对光明和黑暗的心理意象调节的，尽管这些变化与意象的生动程度无关。

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal prediction of naming and connected speech in post-stroke aphasia: Contribution of acute white matter characteristics 脑卒中后失语症的命名和连接语言的纵向预测：急性白质特征的贡献

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.004

Marie-Ève Desjardins , Karine Marcotte , Christophe Bedetti , Bérengère Houzé , Amélie Brisebois , Maxime Descoteaux , Alex Desautels , Simona Maria Brambati

People with aphasia (PWA) display considerable variability in naming and connected speech during language recovery. While white matter lesion-related, micro- and macro-structural characteristics in the subacute and chronic phases have been associated with these language functions, the predictive value of white matter predictors acquired in the acute phase remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess how acute features of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and frontal aslant tract (FAT) contribute to naming and connected speech fluency and efficiency over time. Twenty-eight PWA underwent anatomical and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within the first week post-stroke. Naming and connected speech (quantified using correct information units per minute, CIUs/min) were assessed across the acute (0–5 days), subacute (7–15 days), and chronic (>6 months) phases. We conducted correlation and regression analyses using demographics, acute clinical scores, and characteristics of the language-related bundles of interest. Better subacute naming was correlated with higher acute naming, smaller lesions, and lower IFOF-lesion load. Subacute connected speech was correlated positively to acute CIUs/min and negatively to IFOF-lesion load. Regression models revealed that acute naming predicted subacute naming, and a combination of acute CIUs/min and IFOF-lesion load predicted subacute CIUs/min. Acute aphasia severity, as reflected in acute naming or connected speech performances, is a key predictor of subacute outcomes. Furthermore, the contribution of acute white matter tracts appears to vary across symptoms and recovery stages.

在语言恢复过程中，失语症患者在命名和连接言语方面表现出相当大的差异。虽然亚急性期和慢性期白质损伤相关的微观和宏观结构特征与这些语言功能有关，但在急性期获得的白质预测因子的预测价值在很大程度上仍然未知。我们旨在评估弓状束（AF）、下纵束（ILF）、下额枕束（IFOF）、钩状束（UF）和额斜束（FAT）的急性特征如何随着时间的推移影响命名和连接语言的流利性和效率。28例PWA在脑卒中后第一周内进行了解剖和弥散加权磁共振成像。在急性（0-5天）、亚急性（7-15天）和慢性（6个月）阶段评估命名和连接语音（使用正确的信息单位每分钟，ciu /min进行量化）。我们使用人口统计学、急性临床评分和语言相关兴趣束的特征进行了相关和回归分析。较好的亚急性命名与较高的急性命名、较小的病变和较低的ifof病变负荷相关。亚急性连接言语与急性ciu /min呈正相关，与ifof损伤负荷负相关。回归模型显示，急性命名预测亚急性命名，急性ciu /min和ifof病变负荷组合预测亚急性ciu /min。急性失语症的严重程度，反映在急性命名或相关的言语表现，是亚急性结局的关键预测因子。此外，急性白质束的贡献似乎在症状和恢复阶段有所不同。

{"title":"Longitudinal prediction of naming and connected speech in post-stroke aphasia: Contribution of acute white matter characteristics","authors":"Marie-Ève Desjardins , Karine Marcotte , Christophe Bedetti , Bérengère Houzé , Amélie Brisebois , Maxime Descoteaux , Alex Desautels , Simona Maria Brambati","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People with aphasia (PWA) display considerable variability in naming and connected speech during language recovery. While white matter lesion-related, micro- and macro-structural characteristics in the subacute and chronic phases have been associated with these language functions, the predictive value of white matter predictors acquired in the acute phase remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess how acute features of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and frontal aslant tract (FAT) contribute to naming and connected speech fluency and efficiency over time. Twenty-eight PWA underwent anatomical and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within the first week post-stroke. Naming and connected speech (quantified using correct information units per minute, CIUs/min) were assessed across the acute (0–5 days), subacute (7–15 days), and chronic (>6 months) phases. We conducted correlation and regression analyses using demographics, acute clinical scores, and characteristics of the language-related bundles of interest. Better subacute naming was correlated with higher acute naming, smaller lesions, and lower IFOF-lesion load. Subacute connected speech was correlated positively to acute CIUs/min and negatively to IFOF-lesion load. Regression models revealed that acute naming predicted subacute naming, and a combination of acute CIUs/min and IFOF-lesion load predicted subacute CIUs/min. Acute aphasia severity, as reflected in acute naming or connected speech performances, is a key predictor of subacute outcomes. Furthermore, the contribution of acute white matter tracts appears to vary across symptoms and recovery stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of aging on theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling during learning: A multivariate analysis 年龄对学习过程中theta-gamma相位-振幅耦合的影响：一个多变量分析。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.007

Dawid Strzelczyk , Charline Peylo , Nicolas Langer

Aging is associated with cognitive decline and memory impairment, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between mid-frontal theta and occipital gamma is a proposed marker for the parallel storage of multiple items in working memory. However, prior research has mainly focused on young adults, with only a few studies in aging populations. Moreover, these studies typically used univariate PAC methods, which are susceptible to spurious estimates due to EEG nonstationarities and often assess PAC at individual electrodes, potentially overlooking the broader functional significance of PAC in coordinating neural activity across distant brain regions. To address these limitations, we applied multivariate PAC (mPAC) using generalized eigendecomposition (GED), which avoids confounds from non-sinusoidal waveforms and captures coupling across distributed brain regions. EEG was recorded from 113 younger and 117 older healthy adults during a sequence learning paradigm (6423 repetitions, 55,944 stimuli), where participants learned a fixed visual sequence over repeated observations, allowing us to track mPAC throughout incremental learning. Younger adults learned significantly faster than older adults. In both groups, mPAC increased with learning and distinguished fast from slow learners. However, older participants showed overall reduced mPAC, suggesting compromised parallel storage in working memory. Crucially, stratification analysis revealed that mPAC effects persisted across performance groups matched for mid-frontal theta power, indicating that theta amplitude alone does not explain the observed effects. These findings shed light on the age-related differences in memory formation processes and may guide interventions to enhance memory performance in older adults and slow learners.

衰老与认知能力下降和记忆障碍有关，但潜在的神经机制尚不清楚。额叶中θ和枕叶伽马的相幅耦合是工作记忆中多个项目并行存储的标记。然而，之前的研究主要集中在年轻人身上，对老年人的研究很少。此外，这些研究通常使用单变量PAC方法，由于脑电图的非平稳性，这些方法容易受到虚假估计的影响，并且经常评估单个电极的PAC，可能忽略PAC在协调远端大脑区域神经活动中的更广泛的功能意义。为了解决这些限制，我们使用广义特征分解（GED）应用多元PAC (mPAC)，它避免了非正弦波形的混淆，并捕获了分布大脑区域之间的耦合。在序列学习范式（6423次重复，55,944次刺激）中，记录了113名年轻人和117名老年人的脑电图，参与者通过重复观察学习固定的视觉序列，使我们能够在增量学习过程中跟踪mPAC。年轻人的学习速度明显快于老年人。在两组中，mPAC随着学习而增加，并区分出快速学习者和慢速学习者。然而，年龄较大的参与者表现出整体的mPAC减少，这表明工作记忆中的并行存储受损。重要的是，分层分析显示，mPAC效应在与中额波功率匹配的表现组中持续存在，表明单靠θ波振幅不能解释观察到的效应。这些发现揭示了记忆形成过程中与年龄相关的差异，并可能指导干预措施，以提高老年人和慢学习者的记忆表现。

{"title":"Impact of aging on theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling during learning: A multivariate analysis","authors":"Dawid Strzelczyk , Charline Peylo , Nicolas Langer","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is associated with cognitive decline and memory impairment, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between mid-frontal theta and occipital gamma is a proposed marker for the parallel storage of multiple items in working memory. However, prior research has mainly focused on young adults, with only a few studies in aging populations. Moreover, these studies typically used univariate PAC methods, which are susceptible to spurious estimates due to EEG nonstationarities and often assess PAC at individual electrodes, potentially overlooking the broader functional significance of PAC in coordinating neural activity across distant brain regions. To address these limitations, we applied multivariate PAC (mPAC) using generalized eigendecomposition (GED), which avoids confounds from non-sinusoidal waveforms and captures coupling across distributed brain regions. EEG was recorded from 113 younger and 117 older healthy adults during a sequence learning paradigm (6423 repetitions, 55,944 stimuli), where participants learned a fixed visual sequence over repeated observations, allowing us to track mPAC throughout incremental learning. Younger adults learned significantly faster than older adults. In both groups, mPAC increased with learning and distinguished fast from slow learners. However, older participants showed overall reduced mPAC, suggesting compromised parallel storage in working memory. Crucially, stratification analysis revealed that mPAC effects persisted across performance groups matched for mid-frontal theta power, indicating that theta amplitude alone does not explain the observed effects. These findings shed light on the age-related differences in memory formation processes and may guide interventions to enhance memory performance in older adults and slow learners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individuals with congenital amusia show degraded performance in a nonword repetition task with lexical tones 先天性失音症患者在词汇语调的非单词重复任务中表现较差。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.017

Jiaqiang Zhu , Min Xu , Jing Shao

Congenital amusia is a disorder characterized by abnormal pitch processing, including pitch encoding and pitch memory. Individuals with amusia were impaired in speech perception, but they showed comparable speech production as those without (mainly investigated in tonal languages). Nonetheless, most previous studies collected amusics' recordings based on real words, and little is known about how amusics produce nonwords that incorporate phonological components of syllables and lexical tones. In this study, two participant groups of amusics and typical, musically intact controls (18 participants per group) attended a nonword repetition task. All nonwords were syllable-tone combinations created following the Chinese word structure. The length of the nonwords gradually increased from one to seven syllables. Repetition accuracy and error patterns were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that amusics had fewer correct responses to syllables and tones within a nonword, especially for longer nonwords. Besides, amusics’ error rates for the double-type error, meaning the simultaneous mistakes on both syllables and tones, were also larger than controls in the longer lengths. It was revealed that amusics repeated the nonwords less accurately than controls, and they were struggling with concurrent processing of different phonological components within a nonword. This study provides novel evidence that amusics exhibit degraded nonword repetition involving both syllables and tones, which supports the perception-production link and sheds light on designing intervention programs to soften the disorder of amusia.

先天性失音症是一种以异常的音高加工为特征的疾病，包括音高编码和音高记忆。失音症患者的言语感知受损，但他们的言语产出与非失音症患者相当（主要研究声调语言）。尽管如此，大多数先前的研究都是基于真实的单词收集音乐的录音，对于音乐如何产生包含音节和词汇音调的语音成分的非单词知之甚少。在这项研究中，两组音乐爱好者和典型的、音乐完好的对照组（每组18人）参加了一个非单词重复任务。所有的非词都是按照汉语单词结构创造的音节-声调组合。非单词的长度逐渐从一个音节增加到七个音节。使用线性混合效应模型分析重复精度和误差模式。结果表明，音乐对非单词中的音节和音调的正确反应较少，尤其是对较长的非单词。此外，音乐组在双型错误（即音节和音调同时错误）上的错误率也比对照组在较长长度上的错误率大。结果显示，与对照组相比，音乐组重复非单词的准确性较低，并且他们在同时处理非单词中的不同音韵成分方面存在困难。这项研究提供了新的证据，证明音乐表现出涉及音节和音调的非单词重复的退化，这支持了感知-产生联系，并为设计干预方案以减轻失音症的障碍提供了线索。

{"title":"Individuals with congenital amusia show degraded performance in a nonword repetition task with lexical tones","authors":"Jiaqiang Zhu , Min Xu , Jing Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital amusia is a disorder characterized by abnormal pitch processing, including pitch encoding and pitch memory. Individuals with amusia were impaired in speech perception, but they showed comparable speech production as those without (mainly investigated in tonal languages). Nonetheless, most previous studies collected amusics' recordings based on real words, and little is known about how amusics produce nonwords that incorporate phonological components of syllables and lexical tones. In this study, two participant groups of amusics and typical, musically intact controls (18 participants per group) attended a nonword repetition task. All nonwords were syllable-tone combinations created following the Chinese word structure. The length of the nonwords gradually increased from one to seven syllables. Repetition accuracy and error patterns were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results showed that amusics had fewer correct responses to syllables and tones within a nonword, especially for longer nonwords. Besides, amusics’ error rates for the double-type error, meaning the simultaneous mistakes on both syllables and tones, were also larger than controls in the longer lengths. It was revealed that amusics repeated the nonwords less accurately than controls, and they were struggling with concurrent processing of different phonological components within a nonword. This study provides novel evidence that amusics exhibit degraded nonword repetition involving both syllables and tones, which supports the perception-production link and sheds light on designing intervention programs to soften the disorder of amusia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 140-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global functional connectivity of cognitive control networks predicts task-switching performance in older adults 认知控制网络的整体功能连通性预测老年人的任务转换表现

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.002

Bryan Madero , Matthew Sodoma , Chris Oehler , Vincent A. Magnotta , Jeffrey D. Long , Eliot Hazeltine , Michelle W. Voss

Older adults have difficulty switching between competing goals with increasing age due to declines in executive function (EF) and changes in brain network connectivity, including the Cognitive Control Network (CCN). Prior research shows that greater global functional connectivity (GFC) in the CCN supports cognitive flexibility. However, it is unclear whether CCN GFC is associated with task-switching in older adults. Task-switching performance relies on both switching and working memory. Mixing cost reflects the ability to maintain and coordinate multiple task rules in working memory and is sensitive to age-related declines in EF, whereas switching cost is more closely linked to age-related general slowing in processing speed. This study investigates how CCN GFC relates to task-switching performance in older adults using two task versions. Participants aged 55–80 years old performed the Separate and Overlap versions for behavioral analyses (n = 118). Six 8-min resting-state fMRI sessions were collected over two days for brain behavior analyses (n = 112). Whole grey-matter GFC was calculated, followed by average GFC extraction from the CCN, Default Mode Network (DMN), and Somatomotor Network (SMN). Results showed that older adults were slower and less accurate in the Overlap version. Greater CCN, DMN, and SMN GFC were associated with smaller mixing costs in the Overlap version. SMN GFC was linked to larger mixing costs and smaller switching costs in the Separate version. Our findings suggest that greater integration of the CCN, DMN, and SMN, as measured by GFC, is associated with better task-switch performance under increasing working memory demands.

随着年龄的增长，老年人由于执行功能（EF）的下降和包括认知控制网络（CCN）在内的大脑网络连通性的变化，在竞争性目标之间切换困难。先前的研究表明，CCN中更大的全球功能连接（GFC）支持认知灵活性。然而，目前尚不清楚CCN GFC是否与老年人的任务转换有关。任务切换性能依赖于切换和工作记忆。混合成本反映了工作记忆中维持和协调多个任务规则的能力，并且对与年龄相关的EF下降很敏感，而转换成本与与年龄相关的加工速度普遍减慢更密切相关。本研究利用两种不同的任务版本，探讨了CCN GFC与老年人任务转换表现的关系。年龄在55-80岁之间的参与者进行了分离和重叠版本的行为分析（n = 118）。在两天内收集6次8分钟静息状态fMRI会话用于脑行为分析（n = 112）。计算整个灰质GFC，然后从CCN、Default Mode Network （DMN）和Somatomotor Network （SMN）中提取平均GFC。结果显示，老年人在重叠版本中速度较慢，准确性较低。在重叠版本中，较大的CCN、DMN和SMN GFC与较小的混合成本相关。在单独的版本中，SMN GFC与较大的混合成本和较小的转换成本相关联。我们的研究结果表明，GFC测量的CCN、DMN和SMN的整合程度越高，在工作记忆需求增加的情况下，任务切换性能越好。

{"title":"Global functional connectivity of cognitive control networks predicts task-switching performance in older adults","authors":"Bryan Madero , Matthew Sodoma , Chris Oehler , Vincent A. Magnotta , Jeffrey D. Long , Eliot Hazeltine , Michelle W. Voss","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults have difficulty switching between competing goals with increasing age due to declines in executive function (EF) and changes in brain network connectivity, including the Cognitive Control Network (CCN). Prior research shows that greater global functional connectivity (GFC) in the CCN supports cognitive flexibility. However, it is unclear whether CCN GFC is associated with task-switching in older adults. Task-switching performance relies on both switching and working memory. Mixing cost reflects the ability to maintain and coordinate multiple task rules in working memory and is sensitive to age-related declines in EF, whereas switching cost is more closely linked to age-related general slowing in processing speed. This study investigates how CCN GFC relates to task-switching performance in older adults using two task versions. Participants aged 55–80 years old performed the Separate and Overlap versions for behavioral analyses (n = 118). Six 8-min resting-state fMRI sessions were collected over two days for brain behavior analyses (n = 112). Whole grey-matter GFC was calculated, followed by average GFC extraction from the CCN, Default Mode Network (DMN), and Somatomotor Network (SMN). Results showed that older adults were slower and less accurate in the Overlap version. Greater CCN, DMN, and SMN GFC were associated with smaller mixing costs in the Overlap version. SMN GFC was linked to larger mixing costs and smaller switching costs in the Separate version. Our findings suggest that greater integration of the CCN, DMN, and SMN, as measured by GFC, is associated with better task-switch performance under increasing working memory demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Literacy modulates engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in phonological processing of spoken language 识字调节右侧额下回在口语语音加工中的作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.007

Mariana P. Nucci , Kelly Cotosck , Katerina Lukasova , Ricardo Nitrini , Cheryl L. Grady , Edson Amaro Jr. , Jed A. Meltzer

Neuroimaging studies comparing literate and illiterate participants have revealed how left-lateralized language and vision networks come to show selectivity for processing written words. However, learning to read may also change the brain's processing of spoken language. We recruited older adults from São Paulo, Brazil, who are classified as “functionally illiterate” from a lack of formal education. They were compared with both age-matched and younger highly educated adults to discern effects of both age and education. Participants completed a word-monitoring task in which they listened to an extended narrative and responded with a button press whenever they heard a specific target word. This task was performed in the native language Portuguese and in an unknown language, Japanese, along with a low-level baseline tone-detection task. We hypothesized that illiterate participants would be unable to perform the unknown language version due to undeveloped abilities to detect and extract phonological sequences from speech, related to phonological awareness skills developed by reading. This was confirmed, with unknown-language word monitoring performance selectively correlated with functional literacy. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a positive age effect revealed that literate older adults (N = 21) recruited sensorimotor networks to a larger degree than younger adults equated on education (N = 23), in both languages. A positive education effect specific to the unknown language revealed that illiterate older participants (N = 15) failed to recruit the right inferior frontal gyrus, homolog to Broca's area. These results suggest that the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) plays a crucial role in explicit phonological analysis, an ability developed through years of formal education and literacy.

神经成像研究比较了识字和不识字的参与者，揭示了左侧语言和视觉网络是如何在处理书面文字时表现出选择性的。然而，学习阅读也可能改变大脑对口语的处理。我们从巴西圣保罗招募了一些老年人，他们由于缺乏正规教育而被归类为“功能性文盲”。研究人员将他们与年龄相仿和受过高等教育的年轻成年人进行比较，以辨别年龄和教育程度的影响。参与者完成了一项单词监测任务，在这项任务中，他们听了一段冗长的叙述，每当听到一个特定的目标单词时，他们就按下按钮。这项任务是用母语葡萄牙语和一种未知的语言日语进行的，同时还有一个低水平的基线音调检测任务。我们假设不识字的参与者无法完成未知语言版本，因为他们从语音中检测和提取语音序列的能力还不发达，这与通过阅读培养的语音意识技能有关。这一点得到了证实，未知语言单词监测性能选择性地与功能性读写能力相关。在功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）中，积极的年龄效应显示，在两种语言中，有文化的老年人（N = 21）比同等教育程度的年轻人（N = 23）更大程度地招募了感觉运动网络。一项针对未知语言的积极教育效应显示，不识字的年长参与者（N = 15）没有激活与布洛卡区相同的右侧额下回。这些结果表明，右侧额下回（rIFG）在显性语音分析中起着至关重要的作用，这种能力是通过多年的正规教育和读写能力培养出来的。

{"title":"Literacy modulates engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in phonological processing of spoken language","authors":"Mariana P. Nucci , Kelly Cotosck , Katerina Lukasova , Ricardo Nitrini , Cheryl L. Grady , Edson Amaro Jr. , Jed A. Meltzer","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neuroimaging studies comparing literate and illiterate participants have revealed how left-lateralized language and vision networks come to show selectivity for processing written words. However, learning to read may also change the brain's processing of spoken language. We recruited older adults from São Paulo, Brazil, who are classified as “functionally illiterate” from a lack of formal education. They were compared with both age-matched and younger highly educated adults to discern effects of both age and education. Participants completed a word-monitoring task in which they listened to an extended narrative and responded with a button press whenever they heard a specific target word. This task was performed in the native language Portuguese and in an unknown language, Japanese, along with a low-level baseline tone-detection task. We hypothesized that illiterate participants would be unable to perform the unknown language version due to undeveloped abilities to detect and extract phonological sequences from speech, related to phonological awareness skills developed by reading. This was confirmed, with unknown-language word monitoring performance selectively correlated with functional literacy. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a positive age effect revealed that literate older adults (N = 21) recruited sensorimotor networks to a larger degree than younger adults equated on education (N = 23), in both languages. A positive education effect specific to the unknown language revealed that illiterate older participants (N = 15) failed to recruit the right inferior frontal gyrus, homolog to Broca's area. These results suggest that the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) plays a crucial role in explicit phonological analysis, an ability developed through years of formal education and literacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 19-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the neural substrates of verbal and sign language: A single-case study using direct electrical stimulation 绘制语言和手语的神经基质：使用直接电刺激的单一案例研究

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.010

Ena Sukunda , Katharina Faust , Hasan Korkmaz , Sajjad Muhammad , Effrosyni Ntemou

This case report investigates the cortical and subcortical representations of verbal and sign language in a bilingual patient who uses both spoken and signed modalities, assessed intraoperatively during awake surgery. Although spoken language is regularly mapped during awake craniotomies, other language modalities are rarely reported. We performed direct electrical stimulation (DES) during both spoken and sign language tasks in peritumoral regions of the left temporoparietal lobe. The language abilities of the patient were intraoperatively assessed using verbal object naming and sign recognition. Our findings demonstrate that cortical regions, such as the supramarginal gyrus, play a crucial role for both verbal and sign language. However, the specific sites within this region that elicit DES-positive responses differ between the two language modalities. Similarly, subcortical disconnections highlight the overlap between sign and verbal language, particularly in major language pathways, while also emphasizing the specialized role of motor pathways in sign language processing. Clinically, our results emphasize the importance of tailoring DES protocols for intraoperative mapping to individual patient needs, and theoretically, they enhance our understanding of the roles of the supramarginal gyrus and the corticospinal tract in language comprehension.

本病例报告调查了一位使用口语和手语的双语患者的皮层和皮层下语言和手语表征，并在清醒手术中进行了术中评估。虽然在清醒开颅术中经常对口语进行映射，但其他语言模式很少被报道。我们在左颞顶叶肿瘤周围区域进行了直接电刺激（DES）的口语和手语任务。术中使用言语对象命名和符号识别来评估患者的语言能力。我们的研究结果表明，皮层区域，如边缘上回，对口头和手语都起着至关重要的作用。然而，该区域内引起des阳性反应的特定位点在两种语言模式之间有所不同。同样，皮层下断连突出了手语和口头语言之间的重叠，特别是在主要的语言通路中，同时也强调了运动通路在手语处理中的特殊作用。在临床上，我们的研究结果强调了在术中根据个体患者的需求定制DES方案的重要性，并且在理论上，它们增强了我们对边缘上回和皮质脊髓束在语言理解中的作用的理解。

{"title":"Mapping the neural substrates of verbal and sign language: A single-case study using direct electrical stimulation","authors":"Ena Sukunda , Katharina Faust , Hasan Korkmaz , Sajjad Muhammad , Effrosyni Ntemou","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report investigates the cortical and subcortical representations of verbal and sign language in a bilingual patient who uses both spoken and signed modalities, assessed intraoperatively during awake surgery. Although spoken language is regularly mapped during awake craniotomies, other language modalities are rarely reported. We performed direct electrical stimulation (DES) during both spoken and sign language tasks in peritumoral regions of the left temporoparietal lobe. The language abilities of the patient were intraoperatively assessed using verbal object naming and sign recognition. Our findings demonstrate that cortical regions, such as the supramarginal gyrus, play a crucial role for both verbal and sign language. However, the specific sites within this region that elicit DES-positive responses differ between the two language modalities. Similarly, subcortical disconnections highlight the overlap between sign and verbal language, particularly in major language pathways, while also emphasizing the specialized role of motor pathways in sign language processing. Clinically, our results emphasize the importance of tailoring DES protocols for intraoperative mapping to individual patient needs, and theoretically, they enhance our understanding of the roles of the supramarginal gyrus and the corticospinal tract in language comprehension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortex最新文献