IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.004

Marie-Ève Desjardins , Karine Marcotte , Christophe Bedetti , Bérengère Houzé , Amélie Brisebois , Maxime Descoteaux , Alex Desautels , Simona Maria Brambati

People with aphasia (PWA) display considerable variability in naming and connected speech during language recovery. While white matter lesion-related, micro- and macro-structural characteristics in the subacute and chronic phases have been associated with these language functions, the predictive value of white matter predictors acquired in the acute phase remains largely unknown. We aimed to assess how acute features of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and frontal aslant tract (FAT) contribute to naming and connected speech fluency and efficiency over time. Twenty-eight PWA underwent anatomical and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within the first week post-stroke. Naming and connected speech (quantified using correct information units per minute, CIUs/min) were assessed across the acute (0–5 days), subacute (7–15 days), and chronic (>6 months) phases. We conducted correlation and regression analyses using demographics, acute clinical scores, and characteristics of the language-related bundles of interest. Better subacute naming was correlated with higher acute naming, smaller lesions, and lower IFOF-lesion load. Subacute connected speech was correlated positively to acute CIUs/min and negatively to IFOF-lesion load. Regression models revealed that acute naming predicted subacute naming, and a combination of acute CIUs/min and IFOF-lesion load predicted subacute CIUs/min. Acute aphasia severity, as reflected in acute naming or connected speech performances, is a key predictor of subacute outcomes. Furthermore, the contribution of acute white matter tracts appears to vary across symptoms and recovery stages.

在语言恢复过程中，失语症患者在命名和连接言语方面表现出相当大的差异。虽然亚急性期和慢性期白质损伤相关的微观和宏观结构特征与这些语言功能有关，但在急性期获得的白质预测因子的预测价值在很大程度上仍然未知。我们旨在评估弓状束（AF）、下纵束（ILF）、下额枕束（IFOF）、钩状束（UF）和额斜束（FAT）的急性特征如何随着时间的推移影响命名和连接语言的流利性和效率。28例PWA在脑卒中后第一周内进行了解剖和弥散加权磁共振成像。在急性（0-5天）、亚急性（7-15天）和慢性（6个月）阶段评估命名和连接语音（使用正确的信息单位每分钟，ciu /min进行量化）。我们使用人口统计学、急性临床评分和语言相关兴趣束的特征进行了相关和回归分析。较好的亚急性命名与较高的急性命名、较小的病变和较低的ifof病变负荷相关。亚急性连接言语与急性ciu /min呈正相关，与ifof损伤负荷负相关。回归模型显示，急性命名预测亚急性命名，急性ciu /min和ifof病变负荷组合预测亚急性ciu /min。急性失语症的严重程度，反映在急性命名或相关的言语表现，是亚急性结局的关键预测因子。此外，急性白质束的贡献似乎在症状和恢复阶段有所不同。

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引用次数: 0

How prior motor states can shape perceptual decision bias: Insights from sensorimotor beta oscillations 先前的运动状态如何塑造知觉决策偏差：来自感觉运动β振荡的见解。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.003

Ningjing Cui , Robert J. van Beers , Jeroen B.J. Smeets , Bernadette C.M. van Wijk

Emerging evidence suggests that decision making is not a purely cognitive process preceding motor output but rather an embodied phenomenon in which the sensorimotor system actively shapes choice selection. Beta oscillations (13–30 Hz) over sensorimotor cortex are known to encode movement-related activity and have recently been shown to influence behaviour in perceptual decision-making tasks through lateralization of the post-movement rebound following response execution, biasing subsequent decisions toward the alternative response hand. This study investigated whether sensorimotor beta oscillations elicited by an isolated choice-unrelated motor action influence a subsequent perceptual decision. Twenty-nine healthy adults completed a two-stage task while 64-channel EEG was recorded. Each trial began with a left or right thumb button press, followed after a variable delay (.5, 1.2, or 3 sec) by a briefly presented visual grating requiring a decision response on its orientation via a second button press. Beta activity following the initial movement was related to subsequent decision bias at both the between-subject and the within-subject single-trial level: participants with stronger beta power lateralization during decision stimulus presentation exhibited stronger alternation bias, and stronger lateralized beta power in individual trials was associated with higher alternation probability, independent of the delay between the initial movement and the decision stimulus. These results suggest that beta activity may index individual susceptibility to decision bias, while also acting as a momentary neural signal influencing alternation behaviour. Within the framework of embodied decision-making, these findings support the influence of sensorimotor beta oscillations on the choice process.

越来越多的证据表明，决策并不是在运动输出之前的纯粹认知过程，而是感觉运动系统主动塑造选择的体现现象。已知感觉运动皮层的β振荡（13-30 Hz）编码与运动相关的活动，最近的研究表明，通过反应执行后运动后反弹的侧化，使随后的决定偏向于另一只反应手，β振荡影响了知觉决策任务中的行为。本研究调查了由孤立的选择无关的运动动作引起的感觉运动β振荡是否会影响随后的感知决策。29名健康成人完成两阶段任务，同时记录64通道脑电图。每次试验开始时，按下拇指的左键或右键，然后有一个可变的延迟。5、1.2或3秒)，通过一个简单呈现的视觉光栅，需要通过第二次按钮按下对其方向的决定响应。初始运动后的β活动在受试者之间和受试者内部的单试验水平上都与随后的决策偏差有关：在决策刺激呈现过程中β能力偏侧化越强的参与者表现出更强的交替偏差，而在单个试验中β能力偏侧化越强的参与者与更高的交替概率相关，与初始运动与决策刺激之间的延迟无关。这些结果表明，β活动可能反映个体对决策偏差的敏感性，同时也作为影响交替行为的瞬时神经信号。在具身决策的框架内，这些发现支持了感觉运动振荡对选择过程的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Global functional connectivity of cognitive control networks predicts task-switching performance in older adults 认知控制网络的整体功能连通性预测老年人的任务转换表现

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.002

Bryan Madero , Matthew Sodoma , Chris Oehler , Vincent A. Magnotta , Jeffrey D. Long , Eliot Hazeltine , Michelle W. Voss

Older adults have difficulty switching between competing goals with increasing age due to declines in executive function (EF) and changes in brain network connectivity, including the Cognitive Control Network (CCN). Prior research shows that greater global functional connectivity (GFC) in the CCN supports cognitive flexibility. However, it is unclear whether CCN GFC is associated with task-switching in older adults. Task-switching performance relies on both switching and working memory. Mixing cost reflects the ability to maintain and coordinate multiple task rules in working memory and is sensitive to age-related declines in EF, whereas switching cost is more closely linked to age-related general slowing in processing speed. This study investigates how CCN GFC relates to task-switching performance in older adults using two task versions. Participants aged 55–80 years old performed the Separate and Overlap versions for behavioral analyses (n = 118). Six 8-min resting-state fMRI sessions were collected over two days for brain behavior analyses (n = 112). Whole grey-matter GFC was calculated, followed by average GFC extraction from the CCN, Default Mode Network (DMN), and Somatomotor Network (SMN). Results showed that older adults were slower and less accurate in the Overlap version. Greater CCN, DMN, and SMN GFC were associated with smaller mixing costs in the Overlap version. SMN GFC was linked to larger mixing costs and smaller switching costs in the Separate version. Our findings suggest that greater integration of the CCN, DMN, and SMN, as measured by GFC, is associated with better task-switch performance under increasing working memory demands.

随着年龄的增长，老年人由于执行功能（EF）的下降和包括认知控制网络（CCN）在内的大脑网络连通性的变化，在竞争性目标之间切换困难。先前的研究表明，CCN中更大的全球功能连接（GFC）支持认知灵活性。然而，目前尚不清楚CCN GFC是否与老年人的任务转换有关。任务切换性能依赖于切换和工作记忆。混合成本反映了工作记忆中维持和协调多个任务规则的能力，并且对与年龄相关的EF下降很敏感，而转换成本与与年龄相关的加工速度普遍减慢更密切相关。本研究利用两种不同的任务版本，探讨了CCN GFC与老年人任务转换表现的关系。年龄在55-80岁之间的参与者进行了分离和重叠版本的行为分析（n = 118）。在两天内收集6次8分钟静息状态fMRI会话用于脑行为分析（n = 112）。计算整个灰质GFC，然后从CCN、Default Mode Network （DMN）和Somatomotor Network （SMN）中提取平均GFC。结果显示，老年人在重叠版本中速度较慢，准确性较低。在重叠版本中，较大的CCN、DMN和SMN GFC与较小的混合成本相关。在单独的版本中，SMN GFC与较大的混合成本和较小的转换成本相关联。我们的研究结果表明，GFC测量的CCN、DMN和SMN的整合程度越高，在工作记忆需求增加的情况下，任务切换性能越好。

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引用次数: 0

Electrophysiological evidence of infants’ understanding of verbs 婴儿对动词理解的电生理证据

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.009

Kelsey L. Frewin , Ross E. Vanderwert , Chiara Gambi , Louis Renoult , Sarah A. Gerson

When do infants first begin grasping the meaning of verbs? To learn verbs – words that describe actions and events – theorists suggest that infants must employ word segmentation, event processing, and verb-to-action mapping skills. Prior research suggests that many of these skills emerge by approximately 10 months. In the current study, we examined whether 10-month-old infants understand several early verbs. In a novel action-verb pairing paradigm, infants saw videos of everyday actions while hearing matching or mismatching verbs. We tested adults on the same paradigm to verify that action-verb pairs reliably evoked an N400 mismatch effect. Adults showed an N400-like effect over frontal and centroparietal regions. Infants also showed ERP differences between mismatched and matched action-verb pairs, although the pattern differed from adults, with variation in topography and directionality. Infants’ ERP response was not related to their receptive or productive vocabulary size. These findings indicate that infants were sensitive to co-occurrences between actions and verbs, reflecting emerging verb understanding and suggesting nascent semantic knowledge. We further consider alternative explanations, including the possibility that the observed ERP differences reflect early action-verb associations that may serve as building blocks for later semantic verb knowledge. These results expand our understanding of infant language acquisition by demonstrating that, by 10 months, infants are sensitive to mismatches between everyday actions and verbs.

婴儿什么时候开始掌握动词的意思？为了学习描述动作和事件的动词，理论家认为婴儿必须运用分词、事件处理和动词到动作映射技能。先前的研究表明，这些技能中的许多在大约10个月大的时候就出现了。在当前的研究中，我们考察了10个月大的婴儿是否理解几个早期动词。在一种新的动作-动词配对范式中，婴儿观看日常动作的视频，同时听到匹配或不匹配的动词。我们在相同的范式上对成人进行了测试，以验证动作-动词对可靠地诱发了N400错配效应。成人在额叶和中顶叶区域表现出类似n400的效应。婴儿在不匹配和匹配的动作动词对之间也表现出ERP的差异，尽管模式与成人不同，在地形和方向上有所不同。婴儿的ERP反应与他们的接受性或生产性词汇量无关。这些发现表明，婴儿对动作和动词之间的共现现象很敏感，这反映了婴儿对动词的理解和语义知识的形成。我们进一步考虑了其他解释，包括观察到的ERP差异反映了早期动作动词关联的可能性，这种关联可能作为后来语义动词知识的基础。这些结果扩展了我们对婴儿语言习得的理解，表明到10个月时，婴儿对日常行为和动词之间的不匹配很敏感。

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引用次数: 0

The role of vision and proprioception in implicit and explicit self-movement recognition 视觉和本体感觉在内隐和外显自我运动识别中的作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.008

Ivan Patané , Mariano D'Angelo , Elisa Zamagni , Richard Moreau , Minh Tu Pham , Alice C. Roy , Francesca Frassinetti , Alessandro Farnè

The recognition of one's own body is a fundamental component of body self-representation. While several studies have reported a self-advantage (enhanced performance when processing one's own body parts), this phenomenon appears complex and inconsistently observed across tasks. In particular, a self-advantage often emerges in implicit tasks, where self-recognition is incidental, whereas explicit self-recognition tasks sometimes reveal no advantage or even a self-disadvantage. Although previous research has examined various aspects of movement self-recognition, systematic investigations directly comparing self-advantage effects in implicit versus explicit recognition of one's own movements, and disentangling the respective contributions of vision and proprioception within this framework, remain scarce. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the self-advantage effect previously reported for static body parts extends to the recognition of one's own movements, in visual and proprioceptive conditions. In the implicit task, participants judged the perceived lateral direction (left or right) of their own or others' arm reaching movements, which were pre-recorded and replayed using an upper-limb exoskeleton. In the explicit task, participants judged whether reaching movements were their own or not. In the visual condition, they observed the exoskeleton executing the reaching movements, while in the proprioceptive condition their arm was passively moved by the exoskeleton. Results showed self-advantage in the implicit recognition task, with participants demonstrating higher accuracy in discriminating their own actions in both visual and proprioceptive modalities. Notably, this self-advantage for movement ownership was also observed in the explicit recognition within the visual modality, but was absent in the proprioceptive modality. Thus, individuals can implicitly differentiate distinct proprioceptive and visual kinematic patterns associated with their own movements, this advantage extending to explicit recognition in the visual modality. These findings reveal the role of proprioceptive experience in implicitly favoring action discrimination and highlight the differential influence of visual and proprioceptive cues in motion self-recognition.

对自己身体的认知是身体自我表征的一个基本组成部分。虽然有几项研究报告了自我优势（在处理自己的身体部位时提高了表现），但这种现象似乎很复杂，而且在不同的任务中观察到的结果并不一致。尤其是内隐任务中，自我识别往往是偶然出现的，而外显任务中，自我识别有时没有任何优势，甚至有自我劣势。尽管先前的研究已经考察了运动自我识别的各个方面，但系统的研究直接比较了对自己运动的内隐和外显识别的自我优势效应，并在这个框架内理清视觉和本体感觉各自的贡献，仍然很少。在这里，我们测试了先前报道的静态身体部位的自我优势效应延伸到视觉和本体感觉条件下对自己运动的识别的假设。在隐性任务中，参与者判断自己或他人的手臂伸展运动的感知侧向（左或右），这些动作被预先记录并使用上肢外骨骼重放。在显性任务中，参与者判断伸手动作是否属于自己。在视觉条件下，他们观察外骨骼执行伸展运动，而在本体感觉条件下，他们的手臂被外骨骼被动地移动。结果显示，内隐识别任务具有自我优势，参与者在视觉和本体感觉模式下都能更准确地识别自己的行为。值得注意的是，这种运动所有权的自我优势在视觉模态内的外显识别中也被观察到，但在本体感觉模态中不存在。因此，个体可以隐式区分与自身运动相关的不同本体感觉和视觉运动模式，这种优势扩展到视觉形态的显式识别。这些发现揭示了本体感受经验在隐性偏好动作辨别中的作用，并强调了视觉和本体感受线索在运动自我识别中的差异影响。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptation and normative data for the Comprehensive Aphasia Test in Catalan (CAT-CAT) 加泰罗尼亚语综合失语测验（CAT-CAT）的适应性和规范性数据

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.001

Io Salmons , Helena Muntané-Sánchez

Assessment tools for diagnosing aphasia in languages other than English are scarce, particularly for minority languages such as Catalan. The present study introduces the Catalan adaptation of the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT-CAT), the first assessment tool of its kind in Catalan, which was developed with careful consideration of cultural and psycholinguistic factors. Additionally, the study provides normative data based on a sample of 110 Catalan-dominant speakers without language or speech disorders in order to establish the range of non-pathological performance and cut-off scores. We also examined the role of sociodemographic factors on language skills in multilingual speakers of a minority language, a topic often overlooked in the literature. Our findings show that subtests evaluating writing skills in Catalan-speaking individuals are less reliable than those assessing oral abilities, as many Catalan speakers have not received formal instruction in their mother tongue. This factor influences performance more than other variables, such as education level. Notably, language-mixing effects from Spanish were observed mainly in specific production subtests. These findings emphasize the need for language-specific adaptations and, therefore, the value of the CAT–CAT as a tool for both clinical and research purposes in aphasiology.

诊断英语以外语言失语症的评估工具很少，尤其是加泰罗尼亚语等少数民族语言。本研究介绍了加泰罗尼亚语对综合失语症测试（CAT-CAT）的适应，这是加泰罗尼亚语中第一个评估工具，它是在仔细考虑文化和心理语言因素的情况下开发的。此外，该研究还提供了基于110名没有语言或言语障碍的加泰罗尼亚语优势使用者样本的规范数据，以建立非病理表现和截止分数的范围。我们还研究了社会人口因素对少数民族语言多语种使用者语言技能的作用，这是一个在文献中经常被忽视的话题。我们的研究结果表明，评估加泰罗尼亚语个体写作技能的子测试比评估口语能力的子测试更不可靠，因为许多加泰罗尼亚语使用者没有接受过母语的正式指导。这个因素比其他变量（如教育水平）更能影响业绩。值得注意的是，西班牙语的语言混合效应主要在特定的生产子测试中观察到。这些发现强调了语言特异性适应的必要性，因此，CAT-CAT作为失语症临床和研究工具的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Literacy modulates engagement of the right inferior frontal gyrus in phonological processing of spoken language 识字调节右侧额下回在口语语音加工中的作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.007

Mariana P. Nucci , Kelly Cotosck , Katerina Lukasova , Ricardo Nitrini , Cheryl L. Grady , Edson Amaro Jr. , Jed A. Meltzer

Neuroimaging studies comparing literate and illiterate participants have revealed how left-lateralized language and vision networks come to show selectivity for processing written words. However, learning to read may also change the brain's processing of spoken language. We recruited older adults from São Paulo, Brazil, who are classified as “functionally illiterate” from a lack of formal education. They were compared with both age-matched and younger highly educated adults to discern effects of both age and education. Participants completed a word-monitoring task in which they listened to an extended narrative and responded with a button press whenever they heard a specific target word. This task was performed in the native language Portuguese and in an unknown language, Japanese, along with a low-level baseline tone-detection task. We hypothesized that illiterate participants would be unable to perform the unknown language version due to undeveloped abilities to detect and extract phonological sequences from speech, related to phonological awareness skills developed by reading. This was confirmed, with unknown-language word monitoring performance selectively correlated with functional literacy. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a positive age effect revealed that literate older adults (N = 21) recruited sensorimotor networks to a larger degree than younger adults equated on education (N = 23), in both languages. A positive education effect specific to the unknown language revealed that illiterate older participants (N = 15) failed to recruit the right inferior frontal gyrus, homolog to Broca's area. These results suggest that the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) plays a crucial role in explicit phonological analysis, an ability developed through years of formal education and literacy.

神经成像研究比较了识字和不识字的参与者，揭示了左侧语言和视觉网络是如何在处理书面文字时表现出选择性的。然而，学习阅读也可能改变大脑对口语的处理。我们从巴西圣保罗招募了一些老年人，他们由于缺乏正规教育而被归类为“功能性文盲”。研究人员将他们与年龄相仿和受过高等教育的年轻成年人进行比较，以辨别年龄和教育程度的影响。参与者完成了一项单词监测任务，在这项任务中，他们听了一段冗长的叙述，每当听到一个特定的目标单词时，他们就按下按钮。这项任务是用母语葡萄牙语和一种未知的语言日语进行的，同时还有一个低水平的基线音调检测任务。我们假设不识字的参与者无法完成未知语言版本，因为他们从语音中检测和提取语音序列的能力还不发达，这与通过阅读培养的语音意识技能有关。这一点得到了证实，未知语言单词监测性能选择性地与功能性读写能力相关。在功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）中，积极的年龄效应显示，在两种语言中，有文化的老年人（N = 21）比同等教育程度的年轻人（N = 23）更大程度地招募了感觉运动网络。一项针对未知语言的积极教育效应显示，不识字的年长参与者（N = 15）没有激活与布洛卡区相同的右侧额下回。这些结果表明，右侧额下回（rIFG）在显性语音分析中起着至关重要的作用，这种能力是通过多年的正规教育和读写能力培养出来的。

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引用次数: 0

Discourse abilities in post-stroke aphasia: A multi-level analysis of macro and micro-structural discourse properties and their white matter neural correlates 脑卒中后失语症的话语能力：宏观和微观结构话语特征及其白质神经关联的多层次分析。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.005

Belle Jacobs , Guillem Olivé , Immaculada Rico-Pons , Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells , Claudia Peñaloza

Although it is well established that discourse abilities are often impaired in people with aphasia (PWA), research and assessment methods addressing spoken discourse in Spanish-speaking PWA are limited. Moreover, the white matter underpinnings of discourse production in aphasia are understudied, calling for their comprehensive examination across both macro and micro-structural levels. The present study developed a Spanish main concept (MC) checklist for the Cookie Theft picture description task to assess discourse informativeness abilities in Spanish-speaking PWA. We used this task to evaluate discourse performance in 19 Spanish-speaking PWA relative to 37 neurotypical controls as per macro-structural and micro-structural discourse metrics. The association between discourse performance and aphasia severity as well as brain structural connectivity as per bilateral language-related white matter tract volumes and fractional anisotropy values were investigated in PWA. Our Spanish MC checklist for the Cookie Theft resulted in 7 MCs largely consistent with previous research. We found that PWA performed significantly below the neurotypical controls in most discourse metrics. Aphasia severity was associated with the number of verbs produced in picture description. The volumes of the left Arcuate Fasciculus (posterior segment) and the right Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus were associated with micro- and macro-structural metrics of discourse performance, respectively. Our findings suggest that white matter structural connectivity in the left and the right hemisphere may differentially support linguistic and functional aspects of discourse ability in chronic aphasia.

虽然人们普遍认为，失语症患者的话语能力往往受损，但针对西班牙语失语症患者口语话语的研究和评估方法有限。此外，失语症中话语产生的白质基础尚未得到充分研究，需要从宏观和微观结构两个层面对其进行综合研究。本研究开发了一个西班牙语主概念（MC）检查表，用于评估西班牙语PWA的语篇信息性能力。根据宏观结构和微观结构话语指标，我们使用这个任务来评估19名讲西班牙语的PWA相对于37名神经正常对照的话语表现。根据双侧语言相关白质束体积和分数各向异性值，研究言语表现与失语严重程度以及脑结构连通性之间的关系。我们对Cookie盗窃的西班牙MC清单得出了7个MC，与之前的研究基本一致。我们发现PWA在大多数话语指标上的表现明显低于神经典型对照组。失语症的严重程度与图片描述中出现的动词数量有关。左侧弓状束（后段）和右侧下纵束的体积分别与话语表现的微观和宏观结构指标相关。我们的研究结果表明，在慢性失语症中，左右脑白质结构的连通性可能在语言和话语能力的功能方面有不同的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00325-9

引用次数: 0

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2026-01-01

引用次数: 0

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