Cortex最新文献_第10页

Neural markers of speech processing during inattentional deafness☆ 无意耳聋患者言语加工的神经标记☆。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.010

Gal R. Chen , Eyal H. McMurray , Ran R. Hassin , Leon Y. Deouell

Cognitive scientists have long debated the capabilities of non-conscious perception, defined as the level of processing of external stimuli that people do not consciously experience. While much is known about non-conscious visual perception, the auditory modality has received less focus. Here, we examine the level of processing for audible and intelligible spoken words that participants did not notice while performing another difficult visual task. Using repeated occurrences of such inattentional deafness and awareness probes, we measure the non-conscious processing of undetected words. In two pre-registered EEG experiments (N = 67), detected words elicited a frontal followed by a parietal scalp positivity, compared to matched pseudowords. Undetected words, however, showed frontal positivity compared to pseudowords, which differed in distribution and latency from the response to detected words. An exploratory analysis revealed a behavioral interference of undetected words with visual task performance. Both markers of non-conscious processing were contingent on relevance, implying that auditory non-conscious processing is automatic yet goal-dependent. Overall, our results support flexible capabilities for non-conscious speech perception, consistent with the ability to integrate acoustic information over time.

长期以来，认知科学家一直在争论无意识感知的能力，即人们对无意识外部刺激的处理水平。虽然人们对无意识视觉感知了解很多，但听觉感知却很少受到关注。在这里，我们研究了参与者在执行另一项困难的视觉任务时没有注意到的可听和可理解的口语单词的处理水平。通过重复出现这种无意耳聋和意识探测，我们测量了未检测到的单词的无意识处理。在两个预先注册的EEG实验中（N = 67），与匹配的假单词相比，检测到的单词引起额叶和顶叶头皮阳性。然而，与假词相比，未被检测到的词在前额叶上表现出积极的反应，其分布和潜伏期与被检测到的词不同。一项探索性分析揭示了未被发现的单词对视觉任务表现的行为干扰。两种无意识加工的标记都取决于相关性，这意味着听觉无意识加工是自动的，但又依赖于目标。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持了无意识语音感知的灵活能力，这与随着时间的推移整合声学信息的能力是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Lesion-symptom mapping reveals differential relationships between language and precise versus approximate numeracy 病变症状映射揭示了语言与精确与近似计算之间的差异关系。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.008

Erin Duricy , Corrine Durisko , Julie A. Fiez

Numeracy, the foundation of mathematical processing, can be divided into two subcategories: approximate (quantity estimation) and precise numeracy (exact quantity). Loss of numeracy is commonly comorbid with aphasia following stroke, yet little is known about the neural basis of this relationship. We employed a support vector regression lesion-symptom mapping (SVR-LSM) analysis with N = 104 left hemisphere chronic stroke survivors to investigate the neural relationship between approximate and precise numeracy with language ability. Our results highlight key differences between how approximate and precise numeracy overlap with language processing regions. Approximate numeracy does not show a significant relationship to aphasia or language related regions, while precise numeracy shares considerable neural overlap with language areas and co-varies significantly with aphasia severity. The results support a priori hypotheses that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is crucially involved in approximation and additionally implicate regions including angular gyrus (AG), precentral gyrus, and anterior fusiform gyrus. In contrast, precise numeracy was linked to damage to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), AG, and anterior temporal cortex, as well as the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and posterior temporal regions. Overall, we provide evidence of strong lesion-deficit associations demonstrating distinct neural patterns between precise and approximate numeracy impairments. Crucially, we demonstrate that these subcategories have contrasting relationships with language processing.

计算能力是数学处理的基础，它可以分为两个子类：近似（数量估计）和精确计算能力（确切数量）。计算能力丧失通常与中风后失语症共病，但对这种关系的神经基础知之甚少。我们采用支持向量回归损伤-症状映射（SVR-LSM）分析了N = 104左脑慢性中风幸存者，以研究近似和精确计算能力与语言能力之间的神经关系。我们的研究结果突出了近似和精确计算与语言处理区域重叠的关键差异。近似计算能力与失语症或语言相关区域没有显着关系，而精确计算能力与语言区域有相当大的神经重叠，并与失语症严重程度显著共变。结果支持了一个先验假设，即顶叶内沟（IPS）在近似过程中起关键作用，并涉及角回（AG）、中央前回和前梭状回等区域。相比之下，精确计算能力与额下回（IFG）、AG、前颞皮质以及尾状核、丘脑和后颞区受损有关。总的来说，我们提供了强有力的损伤缺陷关联的证据，证明了精确和近似计算障碍之间不同的神经模式。至关重要的是，我们证明了这些子类别与语言处理的对比关系。

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引用次数: 0

Motor preparation during pain observation does not influence event-related Mu and Beta desynchronization 疼痛观察期间的运动准备不影响与事件相关的Mu和β去同步。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.009

Carl Michael Galang , Michael Jenkins , Taryn Sanders , Ruchi Vijh , Sukhvinder S. Obhi

Previous EEG research has shown that observing others in pain increases sensorimotor activity, as indexed by Mu (7–12 Hz) and Beta (13–30 Hz) desynchronization. Such activity is often interpreted as reflecting empathic processing through shared neural representations between the observer and target. In everyday life, observing another in pain can trigger a range of potential action tendencies (e.g., withdrawing, helping, or protecting oneself), but EEG studies typically restrict movement to avoid artifacts. This immobility may produce an artificial scenario that limits our understanding of how motor readiness and empathic processing interact. The present study examined whether engaging the motor system (via a simple key press) modulates these neural responses. Participants observed videos and pictures of a hand being stabbed by a needle or touched by a Q-tip. In half of the blocks, they prepared and executed a speeded key press to a Go signal; in the other half, they remained still. Results revealed Mu and Beta desynchronization during pain observation regardless of movement condition, replicating prior findings. These effects were unrelated to reaction times or empathy traits, suggesting that sensorimotor resonance during pain observation reflects a stable response rather than one contingent on task-specific motor preparation.

先前的脑电图研究表明，观察他人处于疼痛状态会增加感觉运动活动，这是由Mu （7-12 Hz）和Beta （13-30 Hz）失同步所指示的。这种活动通常被解释为通过观察者和目标之间共享的神经表征来反映共情处理。在日常生活中，观察另一个处于痛苦中的人会引发一系列潜在的行为倾向（例如，退缩、帮助或保护自己），但脑电图研究通常会限制运动以避免伪影。这种不动可能会产生一种人为的场景，限制我们对运动准备和移情处理如何相互作用的理解。本研究考察了是否参与运动系统（通过一个简单的按键）调节这些神经反应。参与者观看了手被针刺或被棉签触摸的视频和图片。在一半的区块中，他们准备并执行了一个快速按键来发出Go信号；在另一半，他们保持不动。结果显示，无论运动条件如何，在疼痛观察期间，Mu和Beta都出现了不同步，这与先前的研究结果一致。这些效应与反应时间或共情特征无关，表明疼痛观察期间的感觉运动共振反映了一种稳定的反应，而不是一种特定任务的运动准备。

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引用次数: 0

Social cognition in the nonfluent and logopenic variants of primary progressive aphasia: A review of variant-specific profiles 社会认知在原发性进行性失语症的不流利和语言缺失变体：变体特异性概况的回顾。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.007

Natacha Cordonier , Olivier Piguet

Beyond their predominant language impairments, primary progressive aphasias (PPA) are also marked by non-linguistic cognitive deficits. Among these, social cognition deficits have been understudied, particularly in the non-fluent (nfvPPA) and logopenic (lvPPA) variants. This review synthesizes behavioural and imaging data on emotion recognition, empathy, and theory of mind (ToM) in nfvPPA and lvPPA, and examines their potential contribution to the differential diagnosis. Evidence suggests that both variants exhibit social cognition deficits. Emotion recognition deficits are observed from disease onset in nfvPPA and lvPPA, although performance varies across modalities and tasks. Empathy appears relatively preserved in early stages, with cognitive aspects showing more variability than affective empathy. Theory of mind is consistently impaired in nfvPPA but remains largely unexplored in lvPPA. Limited comparative research and lack of ToM studies in lvPPA constrain our understanding of variant-specific profiles. However, combining emotion recognition with other cognitive measures shows potential to improve classification of these variants. Similarly, a more rapid decline in empathy in nfvPPA could contribute to differential diagnosis as the disease progresses. Finally, hypotheses based on anatomo-clinical correlates suggest distinct ToM deficits between variants. By highlighting variant-specific profiles and gaps in research, this review provides a comprehensive framework to guide future research, improve diagnostic accuracy and inform clinical management of these syndromes.

除了主要的语言障碍外，原发性进行性失语症（PPA）还以非语言认知缺陷为特征。其中，社会认知缺陷尚未得到充分研究，特别是在非流利（nfvPPA）和logopenic （lvPPA）变体中。本综述综合了nfvPPA和lvPPA患者的情绪识别、共情和心理理论（ToM）的行为和影像学数据，并探讨了它们对鉴别诊断的潜在贡献。有证据表明，这两种变体都表现出社会认知缺陷。情绪识别缺陷在nfvPPA和lvPPA的疾病发作时被观察到，尽管表现因模式和任务而异。在早期阶段，共情表现出相对的保留，认知方面比情感共情表现出更多的变异性。心理理论一直在nfvPPA中受损，但在lvPPA中仍未得到充分研究。有限的比较研究和缺乏对lvPPA的ToM研究限制了我们对变异特异性谱的理解。然而，将情绪识别与其他认知测量相结合，显示出改善这些变体分类的潜力。同样，随着疾病的进展，nfvPPA患者的同理心下降速度更快，可能有助于鉴别诊断。最后，基于解剖学和临床相关性的假设表明，变异之间存在明显的ToM缺陷。通过强调研究中的变异特异性特征和差距，本综述为指导未来的研究、提高诊断准确性和为这些综合征的临床管理提供了全面的框架。

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引用次数: 0

The use of discourse particles in oral picture description by individuals with primary progressive aphasia 原发性进行性失语症患者口头图片描述中语篇助词的使用。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.005

Imke Wets , Vitória Piai , Lize Jiskoot , Esther van den Berg , Nikki Janssen , Lotte Hogeweg , Marina B. Ruiter , Helen de Hoop

Discourse production, including the use of discourse particles, is crucial in everyday communication. Discourse particles (e.g., ja ‘yeah’) form a heterogeneous group of words that fulfil different functions such as structuring the discourse or marking the relationship between the hearer and speaker. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative language condition that causes communication breakdowns. In this study, we examined the production of discourse particles by 58 Dutch-speaking individuals with PPA and 40 neurologically healthy speakers (NHS). We analysed language samples obtained from a picture description task for the use of discourse particles, comprising both discourse particles that require an assessment of the interlocutor's discourse belief (e.g., eigenlijk ‘actually’) as well as discourse particles with a more general discourse-structuring function (e.g., ja ‘yeah’ nee ‘no’, nou ‘well’). We found that individuals with PPA used the discourse particle ja 'yeah' more frequently than NHS (p < .001) relative to eigenlijk. The results also showed that the discourse particles nee ‘no’ and nou ‘well’ were used differently by individuals with PPA versus NHS. These discourse particles were employed by individuals with PPA to signal or manage word-finding difficulties. The findings underline the variety in functions and complexity of discourse markers. Studying and comparing the use of individual particles by speakers with a neurodegenerative language disorder is therefore not only informative to understand these disorders but also provides more insight into the heterogeneity of the class of discourse particles.

语篇生成，包括语篇助词的使用，在日常交际中起着至关重要的作用。语篇助词（如ja 'yeah'）构成了一组异质的词，它们完成了不同的功能，如构建语篇或标记听者和说话者之间的关系。原发性进行性失语症（PPA）是一种导致沟通障碍的神经退行性语言疾病。在这项研究中，我们检测了58名患有PPA的荷兰语个体和40名神经健康的说话者（NHS）的话语粒子的产生。我们分析了从图片描述任务中获得的使用话语粒子的语言样本，包括需要评估对话者话语信念的话语粒子（例如，eigenlijk 'actually‘）以及具有更一般话语结构功能的话语粒子（例如，ja ’yeah' nee 'no', now 'well'）。我们发现，相对于特征likjk， PPA个体使用话语粒子ja“yeah”的频率高于NHS （p < 0.001）。结果还表明，PPA与NHS患者对话语粒子的使用不同，它们需要“no”和现在“well”。PPA患者使用这些话语助词来表示或处理找词困难。研究结果强调了语篇标记语功能的多样性和复杂性。因此，研究和比较患有神经退行性语言障碍的说话者对单个助词的使用不仅有助于了解这些障碍，而且还有助于深入了解语篇助词类别的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Obituary for Carlo Umiltà (October 31, 1937–June 27, 2025) Carlo umiltous的讣告（1937年10月31日- 2025年6月27日）

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.006

Konstantinos Priftis

引用次数: 0

Distractors sharing critical target features summon, but do not engage, attention: An EEG study ☆ 具有关键目标特征的干扰物会引起注意力，但不会引起注意力：一项脑电图研究☆。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.017

Shao-Yang Tsai , Jan Nasemann , Hermann J. Müller , Zhuanghua Shi

The mechanisms involved in handling task-irrelevant distractors remain a topic of debate. This study investigated how spatial and feature-based attentional templates influence distractor handling. Participants searched for a target located in a known region while ignoring the distractor region. The distractor either shared the features of the target, or differed by dimension, or varied by modality. Behaviorally, distractors that matched the target features caused the most interference, more so than those differing in dimension or modality. EEG results revealed that N2pc amplitudes increased for lateral distractors, particularly when distractors shared features with the target. Cross-modal distractors elicited a distinct central contralateral negativity (CCN), but did not impair search performance. Both the CCN and positive posterior contralateral (Ppc) components indicated early sensory registration of lateralized distractors, ruling out the Ppc as a marker of early distractor suppression. These findings support the 'down-weighting' hypothesis, showing that distractors can be registered without further attentional engagement. N2pc findings also suggest that the spatial template acted through "distractor location shielding" rather than "target location enhancement”. Our results suggest that effective distractor handling via distractor-location shielding and feature/dimension-based down-weighting may render proactive or reactive suppression mechanisms, typically reflected by the P_{_D} (Distractor Positivity) component, unnecessary.

处理与任务无关的干扰物的机制仍然是一个有争议的话题。本研究探讨了基于空间和特征的注意模板对干扰物处理的影响。参与者搜索位于已知区域的目标，而忽略干扰区域。干扰物要么与目标物具有相同的特征，要么在维度上有所不同，要么在形态上有所不同。在行为上，与目标特征相匹配的干扰物比那些在维度或形态上不同的干扰物引起的干扰更大。脑电图结果显示，侧向分心物的N2pc振幅增加，特别是当分心物与目标具有相同特征时。跨模态干扰引起明显的中枢对侧负性（CCN），但不影响搜索性能。CCN和阳性的后对侧（Ppc）成分都表明早期感觉记录了侧化牵引器，排除了Ppc作为早期牵引器抑制的标志。这些发现支持了“减重”假说，表明干扰物可以在没有进一步注意力投入的情况下被记录下来。N2pc的研究结果还表明，空间模板通过“干扰物位置屏蔽”而不是“目标位置增强”起作用。我们的研究结果表明，通过干扰物位置屏蔽和基于特征/尺寸的降低权重来有效处理干扰物可能会使主动或被动抑制机制（通常由PD（干扰物积极性）成分反映）变得不必要。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00277-1

引用次数: 0

Unveiling contralesional omissions six years after stroke. Effects of top-down and bottom-up manipulations 在中风六年后揭开对性遗漏。自顶向下和自底向上操作的效果。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.002

Maria Silvia Saccani , Giulio Contemori , Mario Bonato

We examined how spatial processing is affected by attentional load during multitasking in a chronic patient who suffered a right hemisphere stroke six years before the testing. We employed standard paper-and-pencil tests for neglect along with a new version of a well-established computerized dual-task paradigm. The latter combined a spatial processing primary task (reporting lateralized visual targets) with a concurrent secondary task (categorizing visual/auditory stimuli). Attentional load was manipulated through top-down (secondary task) and bottom-up (target size in primary task) factors.

Paper-and-pencil tests did not reveal contralesional omissions. In contrast, the dual-task paradigm demonstrated greater sensitivity in detecting asymmetric spatial processing. Surprisingly, contralesional omissions occurred despite primary and secondary task stimuli did not overlap in time (i.e., secondary task stimuli were presented after the disappearance of lateralized visual targets lasting 100 ms). While both top-down and bottom-up manipulations induced contralesional omissions, their effects differed according to target size. Increased attentional load from dual-tasking impaired perception of larger contralesional targets, whereas smaller targets elicited omissions even in single-task conditions without additional multitasking effects.

In this patient, very different manipulations, the first involving top-down and exclusively cognitive factors and the second involving bottom-up and purely perceptual aspects, independently modulated the level of processing resources. Both can be exploited to exacerbate very subtle (yet potentially hazardous) spatial processing deficits.

我们研究了在多任务处理过程中，一个患有右半球中风的慢性病人的注意力负荷是如何影响空间处理的。我们采用了标准的纸笔忽视测试以及一个新版本的完善的计算机双任务范式。后者结合了空间处理主要任务（报告侧化视觉目标）和并发的次要任务（对视觉/听觉刺激进行分类）。注意负荷被自上而下（次要任务）和自下而上（主要任务目标大小）的因素控制。纸笔测试没有发现对偶遗漏。相比之下，双任务范式在检测非对称空间加工方面表现出更高的敏感性。令人惊讶的是，尽管主次任务刺激在时间上没有重叠（即，次要任务刺激是在侧视目标消失后持续100 ms后出现的），但仍会发生对偶性遗漏。虽然自上而下和自下而上的操作都诱发了对性遗漏，但其效果因目标大小而异。双任务引起的注意力负荷增加会损害对较大目标的感知，而在单任务条件下，即使没有额外的多任务效应，对较小目标的感知也会引起忽略。在这个病人身上，非常不同的操作，第一种涉及自上而下的和完全的认知因素，第二种涉及自下而上的和纯粹的感知方面，独立地调节了加工资源的水平。两者都可以被利用来加剧非常微妙（但潜在危险）的空间处理缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Face the future! How the self and time shape mind-wandering 面向未来！自我和时间是如何塑造走神的。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.004

Giovanni Cantarella , Alberto Massimiliano Umiltà , Debora Stendardi , Eleonora Bonifazi , Agnese Tarantelli , Elisa Ciaramelli

Adaptive mind-wandering is mostly future-oriented, and previous evidence suggests that self-reflection promotes future-oriented thought. This study investigates whether the activation of the Self (vs another person's) schema and of a representation of the future (vs present) time is followed by changes in the frequency and content of aware (self-caught) and unaware (probe-caught) mind-wandering. Four groups of healthy young adults viewed their current face (Present Self condition; N = 27) or aged face (Future Self condition; N = 28), or the current (Present Other condition; N = 29) or aged face of a famous person (Future Other condition; N = 27) and attributed personality traits to the individual they viewed. Participants then engaged in a Choice Reaction Time task with concomitant assessment of self-caught and probe-caught mind-wandering. We found that viewing an older compared to a younger face was associated with higher rates of aware mind-wandering, while viewing one's own compared to someone else's face was associated with higher rates of unaware mind-wandering, involving self-related and future-oriented thoughts. These findings show that both Self and Time schemata are associated with the frequency and content of off-task thought, with dissociable effects on aware and unaware forms of mind-wandering.

适应性走神主要是面向未来的，先前的证据表明，自我反思促进了面向未来的思维。这项研究调查了自我（相对于他人）图式的激活和对未来（相对于现在）时间的表征是否伴随着有意识（自我捕获）和无意识（探针捕获）走神的频率和内容的变化。四组健康的年轻人观看自己当前的脸（“现在的自我”条件，N = 27）或老年的脸（“未来的自我”条件，N = 28），或名人当前的脸（“现在的其他”条件，N = 29）或老年的脸（“未来的其他”条件，N = 27），并将性格特征归因于他们所看到的个人。然后，参与者参与了一项选择反应时间任务，同时对自我捕获和探针捕获的走神进行评估。我们发现，看老年人的脸比看年轻人的脸更容易有意识地走神，而看自己的脸比看别人的脸更容易无意识地走神，包括自我相关和面向未来的想法。这些发现表明，自我和时间图式都与任务外思维的频率和内容有关，对有意识和无意识形式的走神有可分离的影响。

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引用次数: 0