IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.005

Imke Wets , Vitória Piai , Lize Jiskoot , Esther van den Berg , Nikki Janssen , Lotte Hogeweg , Marina B. Ruiter , Helen de Hoop

Discourse production, including the use of discourse particles, is crucial in everyday communication. Discourse particles (e.g., ja ‘yeah’) form a heterogeneous group of words that fulfil different functions such as structuring the discourse or marking the relationship between the hearer and speaker. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative language condition that causes communication breakdowns. In this study, we examined the production of discourse particles by 58 Dutch-speaking individuals with PPA and 40 neurologically healthy speakers (NHS). We analysed language samples obtained from a picture description task for the use of discourse particles, comprising both discourse particles that require an assessment of the interlocutor's discourse belief (e.g., eigenlijk ‘actually’) as well as discourse particles with a more general discourse-structuring function (e.g., ja ‘yeah’ nee ‘no’, nou ‘well’). We found that individuals with PPA used the discourse particle ja 'yeah' more frequently than NHS (p < .001) relative to eigenlijk. The results also showed that the discourse particles nee ‘no’ and nou ‘well’ were used differently by individuals with PPA versus NHS. These discourse particles were employed by individuals with PPA to signal or manage word-finding difficulties. The findings underline the variety in functions and complexity of discourse markers. Studying and comparing the use of individual particles by speakers with a neurodegenerative language disorder is therefore not only informative to understand these disorders but also provides more insight into the heterogeneity of the class of discourse particles.

语篇生成，包括语篇助词的使用，在日常交际中起着至关重要的作用。语篇助词（如ja 'yeah'）构成了一组异质的词，它们完成了不同的功能，如构建语篇或标记听者和说话者之间的关系。原发性进行性失语症（PPA）是一种导致沟通障碍的神经退行性语言疾病。在这项研究中，我们检测了58名患有PPA的荷兰语个体和40名神经健康的说话者（NHS）的话语粒子的产生。我们分析了从图片描述任务中获得的使用话语粒子的语言样本，包括需要评估对话者话语信念的话语粒子（例如，eigenlijk 'actually‘）以及具有更一般话语结构功能的话语粒子（例如，ja ’yeah' nee 'no', now 'well'）。我们发现，相对于特征likjk， PPA个体使用话语粒子ja“yeah”的频率高于NHS （p < 0.001）。结果还表明，PPA与NHS患者对话语粒子的使用不同，它们需要“no”和现在“well”。PPA患者使用这些话语助词来表示或处理找词困难。研究结果强调了语篇标记语功能的多样性和复杂性。因此，研究和比较患有神经退行性语言障碍的说话者对单个助词的使用不仅有助于了解这些障碍，而且还有助于深入了解语篇助词类别的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Obituary for Carlo Umiltà (October 31, 1937–June 27, 2025) Carlo umiltous的讣告（1937年10月31日- 2025年6月27日）

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.006

Konstantinos Priftis

引用次数: 0

Distractors sharing critical target features summon, but do not engage, attention: An EEG study ☆ 具有关键目标特征的干扰物会引起注意力，但不会引起注意力：一项脑电图研究☆。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.017

Shao-Yang Tsai , Jan Nasemann , Hermann J. Müller , Zhuanghua Shi

The mechanisms involved in handling task-irrelevant distractors remain a topic of debate. This study investigated how spatial and feature-based attentional templates influence distractor handling. Participants searched for a target located in a known region while ignoring the distractor region. The distractor either shared the features of the target, or differed by dimension, or varied by modality. Behaviorally, distractors that matched the target features caused the most interference, more so than those differing in dimension or modality. EEG results revealed that N2pc amplitudes increased for lateral distractors, particularly when distractors shared features with the target. Cross-modal distractors elicited a distinct central contralateral negativity (CCN), but did not impair search performance. Both the CCN and positive posterior contralateral (Ppc) components indicated early sensory registration of lateralized distractors, ruling out the Ppc as a marker of early distractor suppression. These findings support the 'down-weighting' hypothesis, showing that distractors can be registered without further attentional engagement. N2pc findings also suggest that the spatial template acted through "distractor location shielding" rather than "target location enhancement”. Our results suggest that effective distractor handling via distractor-location shielding and feature/dimension-based down-weighting may render proactive or reactive suppression mechanisms, typically reflected by the P_{_D} (Distractor Positivity) component, unnecessary.

处理与任务无关的干扰物的机制仍然是一个有争议的话题。本研究探讨了基于空间和特征的注意模板对干扰物处理的影响。参与者搜索位于已知区域的目标，而忽略干扰区域。干扰物要么与目标物具有相同的特征，要么在维度上有所不同，要么在形态上有所不同。在行为上，与目标特征相匹配的干扰物比那些在维度或形态上不同的干扰物引起的干扰更大。脑电图结果显示，侧向分心物的N2pc振幅增加，特别是当分心物与目标具有相同特征时。跨模态干扰引起明显的中枢对侧负性（CCN），但不影响搜索性能。CCN和阳性的后对侧（Ppc）成分都表明早期感觉记录了侧化牵引器，排除了Ppc作为早期牵引器抑制的标志。这些发现支持了“减重”假说，表明干扰物可以在没有进一步注意力投入的情况下被记录下来。N2pc的研究结果还表明，空间模板通过“干扰物位置屏蔽”而不是“目标位置增强”起作用。我们的研究结果表明，通过干扰物位置屏蔽和基于特征/尺寸的降低权重来有效处理干扰物可能会使主动或被动抑制机制（通常由PD（干扰物积极性）成分反映）变得不必要。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00277-1

引用次数: 0

Unveiling contralesional omissions six years after stroke. Effects of top-down and bottom-up manipulations 在中风六年后揭开对性遗漏。自顶向下和自底向上操作的效果。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.002

Maria Silvia Saccani , Giulio Contemori , Mario Bonato

We examined how spatial processing is affected by attentional load during multitasking in a chronic patient who suffered a right hemisphere stroke six years before the testing. We employed standard paper-and-pencil tests for neglect along with a new version of a well-established computerized dual-task paradigm. The latter combined a spatial processing primary task (reporting lateralized visual targets) with a concurrent secondary task (categorizing visual/auditory stimuli). Attentional load was manipulated through top-down (secondary task) and bottom-up (target size in primary task) factors.

Paper-and-pencil tests did not reveal contralesional omissions. In contrast, the dual-task paradigm demonstrated greater sensitivity in detecting asymmetric spatial processing. Surprisingly, contralesional omissions occurred despite primary and secondary task stimuli did not overlap in time (i.e., secondary task stimuli were presented after the disappearance of lateralized visual targets lasting 100 ms). While both top-down and bottom-up manipulations induced contralesional omissions, their effects differed according to target size. Increased attentional load from dual-tasking impaired perception of larger contralesional targets, whereas smaller targets elicited omissions even in single-task conditions without additional multitasking effects.

In this patient, very different manipulations, the first involving top-down and exclusively cognitive factors and the second involving bottom-up and purely perceptual aspects, independently modulated the level of processing resources. Both can be exploited to exacerbate very subtle (yet potentially hazardous) spatial processing deficits.

我们研究了在多任务处理过程中，一个患有右半球中风的慢性病人的注意力负荷是如何影响空间处理的。我们采用了标准的纸笔忽视测试以及一个新版本的完善的计算机双任务范式。后者结合了空间处理主要任务（报告侧化视觉目标）和并发的次要任务（对视觉/听觉刺激进行分类）。注意负荷被自上而下（次要任务）和自下而上（主要任务目标大小）的因素控制。纸笔测试没有发现对偶遗漏。相比之下，双任务范式在检测非对称空间加工方面表现出更高的敏感性。令人惊讶的是，尽管主次任务刺激在时间上没有重叠（即，次要任务刺激是在侧视目标消失后持续100 ms后出现的），但仍会发生对偶性遗漏。虽然自上而下和自下而上的操作都诱发了对性遗漏，但其效果因目标大小而异。双任务引起的注意力负荷增加会损害对较大目标的感知，而在单任务条件下，即使没有额外的多任务效应，对较小目标的感知也会引起忽略。在这个病人身上，非常不同的操作，第一种涉及自上而下的和完全的认知因素，第二种涉及自下而上的和纯粹的感知方面，独立地调节了加工资源的水平。两者都可以被利用来加剧非常微妙（但潜在危险）的空间处理缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Face the future! How the self and time shape mind-wandering 面向未来！自我和时间是如何塑造走神的。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.004

Giovanni Cantarella , Alberto Massimiliano Umiltà , Debora Stendardi , Eleonora Bonifazi , Agnese Tarantelli , Elisa Ciaramelli

Adaptive mind-wandering is mostly future-oriented, and previous evidence suggests that self-reflection promotes future-oriented thought. This study investigates whether the activation of the Self (vs another person's) schema and of a representation of the future (vs present) time is followed by changes in the frequency and content of aware (self-caught) and unaware (probe-caught) mind-wandering. Four groups of healthy young adults viewed their current face (Present Self condition; N = 27) or aged face (Future Self condition; N = 28), or the current (Present Other condition; N = 29) or aged face of a famous person (Future Other condition; N = 27) and attributed personality traits to the individual they viewed. Participants then engaged in a Choice Reaction Time task with concomitant assessment of self-caught and probe-caught mind-wandering. We found that viewing an older compared to a younger face was associated with higher rates of aware mind-wandering, while viewing one's own compared to someone else's face was associated with higher rates of unaware mind-wandering, involving self-related and future-oriented thoughts. These findings show that both Self and Time schemata are associated with the frequency and content of off-task thought, with dissociable effects on aware and unaware forms of mind-wandering.

适应性走神主要是面向未来的，先前的证据表明，自我反思促进了面向未来的思维。这项研究调查了自我（相对于他人）图式的激活和对未来（相对于现在）时间的表征是否伴随着有意识（自我捕获）和无意识（探针捕获）走神的频率和内容的变化。四组健康的年轻人观看自己当前的脸（“现在的自我”条件，N = 27）或老年的脸（“未来的自我”条件，N = 28），或名人当前的脸（“现在的其他”条件，N = 29）或老年的脸（“未来的其他”条件，N = 27），并将性格特征归因于他们所看到的个人。然后，参与者参与了一项选择反应时间任务，同时对自我捕获和探针捕获的走神进行评估。我们发现，看老年人的脸比看年轻人的脸更容易有意识地走神，而看自己的脸比看别人的脸更容易无意识地走神，包括自我相关和面向未来的想法。这些发现表明，自我和时间图式都与任务外思维的频率和内容有关，对有意识和无意识形式的走神有可分离的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Pupil responses objectively index pharmacologically altered tactile sensitivity 瞳孔反应客观地反映药理学改变的触觉敏感性

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.001

Bernd T. Douze , Antonia F. Ten Brink , H. Chris Dijkerman , Christoph Strauch

Tactile perception is a subjective experience, yet it can be physiologically quantified. This offers new avenues for studying sensory processing in contexts where verbal feedback is limited or unreliable. A growing body of research uses changes in pupil size, showing that stronger tactile stimuli lead to greater pupil dilation. Building on this, we investigated whether pupil responses could serve as an objective measure of tactile sensitivity. To explore this, we pharmacologically manipulated tactile sensitivity in healthy participants (n = 32). In separate sessions, an anaesthetic cream or a placebo cream was applied to one forearm. At the beginning and/or end of each session, Von Frey assessments and a vibrotactile detection task were conducted to confirm the efficacy of the anaesthetic cream in reducing tactile sensitivity. During each session, pupil responses to vibrotactile stimuli applied to both the cream and non-cream arms were recorded. Our results confirmed that the anaesthetic cream significantly reduced the perceived intensity of tactile stimulation, an effect that persisted throughout the session. Crucially, we observed weaker pupil dilation responses to vibrotactile stimuli applied to the anaesthetised arm compared to the placebo or non-cream arm. Exploratory analyses showed that participants for whom the anaesthetic cream was most effective in reducing tactile sensitivity also showed the weakest pupil responses when the anaesthetised arm was stimulated. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the pupil response is a reliable and objective index of tactile sensitivity, highlighting its potential for studying sensory processing in populations where verbal feedback is limited or unreliable.

触觉知觉是一种主观体验，但它可以在生理上量化。这为在语言反馈有限或不可靠的情况下研究感觉处理提供了新的途径。越来越多的研究利用瞳孔大小的变化，表明强烈的触觉刺激会导致瞳孔扩大。在此基础上，我们研究了瞳孔反应是否可以作为触觉灵敏度的客观测量。为了探讨这一点，我们对健康参与者（n = 32）的触觉敏感性进行了药理学操作。在不同的疗程中，在一只前臂上涂上麻醉霜或安慰剂霜。在每个疗程的开始和/或结束时，进行Von Frey评估和振动触觉检测任务，以确认麻醉霜在降低触觉敏感性方面的功效。在每个疗程中，学生对乳霜和非乳霜手臂振动触觉刺激的反应被记录下来。我们的研究结果证实，麻醉药膏显著降低了触觉刺激的感知强度，这种效果在整个疗程中持续存在。至关重要的是，我们观察到，与安慰剂组或非乳霜组相比，麻醉组对振动触觉刺激的瞳孔扩张反应较弱。探索性分析表明，麻醉药膏在降低触觉敏感度方面最有效的参与者，在麻醉手臂受到刺激时，瞳孔反应也最弱。总的来说，这些发现表明瞳孔反应是一个可靠和客观的触觉敏感性指标，突出了它在研究语言反馈有限或不可靠的人群的感觉加工方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Musical training shapes spatial cognition 音乐训练塑造空间认知

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.002

Daniel Paromov , Thomas MD Augereau , Maxime Maheu , Benoit-Antoine Bacon , Andréanne Sharp , François Champoux

Spatial cognition refers to the general ability to represent space, manipulate spatial information, and use concepts relating to this notion. Recent evidence suggests that brief multisensory training might improve this process, but the impact of long-term and intensive multisensory training on spatial cognition remains unexplored. The present study aims to examine the impact of musical training, a multisensory training involving the auditory function, on a body disorientation task with and without auditory cues. Thirty-eight participants were recruited and divided into two groups based on their musical experience (musicians and controls). They were asked to complete the Fukuda-Unterberger stepping task under four conditions: without any auditory input, and with auditory input originating at 0°, 45°, and 90° azimuth. This task is well known to create body disorientation as over the course of the task, the body position in space changes, unbeknownst to the participant. Results suggest that musicians are less susceptible to body disorientation, as measured in the stepping task, both in the absence and in the presence of auditory stimuli. The findings extend beyond recent research indicating that musical training can influence a wide range of auditory abilities, suggesting that it could also modulate a broader cognitive process, specifically spatial cognition. The demonstration that extensive multisensory training significantly enhances spatial cognition has relevance for rehabilitation in clinical settings.

空间认知是指表现空间、处理空间信息以及使用与此概念相关的概念的一般能力。最近的证据表明，短暂的多感官训练可能会改善这一过程，但长期和强化的多感官训练对空间认知的影响仍未被探索。本研究旨在探讨音乐训练（一种涉及听觉功能的多感官训练）对有或无听觉提示的身体定向障碍任务的影响。研究人员招募了38名参与者，并根据他们的音乐经验分为两组（音乐家和对照组）。他们被要求在四种情况下完成Fukuda-Unterberger步进任务：没有任何听觉输入，以及来自0°，45°和90°方位角的听觉输入。众所周知，这个任务会造成身体定向障碍，因为在任务过程中，身体在空间中的位置会发生变化，而参与者却不知道。结果表明，音乐家在没有或有听觉刺激的情况下，都不太容易受到身体定向障碍的影响。这些发现超越了最近的研究表明，音乐训练可以影响广泛的听觉能力，这表明它也可以调节更广泛的认知过程，特别是空间认知。广泛的多感官训练可以显著提高空间认知能力，这与临床康复相关。

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引用次数: 0

White matter differences in college-educated dyslexic and control adults: A diffusion MRI study in Brazilian Portuguese speakers 受过大学教育的失读症患者和对照组成人的白质差异：巴西葡萄牙语者的扩散MRI研究

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.10.003

Bruce Martins , Edson Amaro , Ellison Fernando Cardoso , Katerina Lukasova , Mariana Penteado Nucci

The brain white matter microstructure of adult dyslexic readers is rarely studied, particularly in non-English speaking populations. This study investigated structural differences in white matter between Dyslexic and Control adults, all native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with a college-level education. We analyzed diffusion MRI data from 62 volunteers (26 with dyslexia and 36 controls), using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Groups were matched for age, sex, handedness, and level of formal education. Deterministic analysis revealed significantly lower mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in individuals with dyslexia in the posterior right hemisphere, particularly in core reading-related tracts such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Probabilistic analysis showed widespread group differences in all diffusion measures investigated, including tracts not typically linked to dyslexia, and revealed alterations mainly in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in posterior portions of tracts within the right hemisphere. Correlations between reading fluency and diffusion metrics revealed distinct neural behavioral patterns between groups, suggesting different neural mechanisms underlying reading abilities. These findings provide novel insights into white matter microstructure in dyslexia among Portuguese speakers and underscore the importance of cross-linguistic studies in reading disorders.

成人阅读困难读者的脑白质微观结构很少被研究，特别是在非英语人群中。这项研究调查了有阅读困难的成年人和正常成年人的白质结构差异，这些成年人都是母语为巴西葡萄牙语并受过大学教育的人。我们使用确定性和概率方法分析了62名志愿者（26名患有阅读障碍，36名对照）的扩散MRI数据。各组根据年龄、性别、惯用手和正规教育水平进行匹配。确定性分析显示，阅读障碍患者右脑后半球的平均扩散率和径向扩散率明显较低，尤其是核心阅读相关束，如上纵束、下纵束和额枕下束。概率分析显示，在所有研究的扩散测量中，包括与阅读障碍没有典型联系的神经束，存在广泛的组间差异，并揭示了右半球神经束后部的部分各向异性和径向扩散率的改变。阅读流畅性和扩散指标之间的相关性揭示了不同组间不同的神经行为模式，提示阅读能力背后的不同神经机制。这些发现为葡萄牙语使用者阅读障碍的白质微观结构提供了新的见解，并强调了跨语言研究在阅读障碍中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Face processing deficits following brain tumours: Behavioural correlates and surgery-sensitive hotspots 脑肿瘤后的面部处理缺陷：行为相关性和手术敏感热点

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.014

Fabio Campanella , Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua , Giulia Sebastianutto , Miran Skrap

Introduction

Face processing deficits have mostly been documented in single cases/small samples, and rarely following brain tumours. Right hemisphere functions in general are under-investigated in brain tumour patients, despite the need to preserve them during surgery. We assessed anatomical correlates of a critical right hemisphere function, face processing, and specifically deficits in memorizing and recognizing unknown faces; decoding emotional expressions; and whether deficits are preferentially right lateralized, or could also be observed following left hemisphere damage.

Methods

110 patients with unilateral tumours were evaluated before/after surgery and at 6 months follow-up with a battery of tasks tapping different face processing levels: Benton Face Recognition Test (BFRT), Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMT-F), Ekman 60-Faces Test (EK-60F) for emotional expressions. Behavioural analyses assessed the prevalence of face related deficits across hemispheres and surgery effects. Voxel-based Lesion Symptom Mapping (VLSM) provided more refined anatomical analysis.

Results

Deficits in BFRT & RMT-F were more frequent after right hemisphere tumours, while EK-60F impairments were more evenly distributed. Furthermore, deficits in BFRT and EK-60F significantly worsened post-surgery. VLSM mapped deficits in RMT-F in right hippocampal/middle temporal lesions. Furthermore, surgery in right Fusiform Face Area/Hippocampus led to greater deficits in BFRT, an association not visible pre-surgery. Likewise, lower post-surgery EK-60F scores were found after left Amygdala/Hippocampal damage.

Conclusions

Results highlight the key role of right temporal lobe for many aspects of face processing, with only emotion recognition being also associated with the left hemisphere. The sensitivity of facial processing hotspots to surgical damage demands careful monitoring.

面部处理缺陷大多记录在单个病例/小样本中，很少发生在脑肿瘤后。尽管在手术中需要保留右半球功能，但脑肿瘤患者的右半球功能总体上仍未得到充分研究。我们评估了右半球关键功能的解剖学相关性，面部处理，特别是记忆和识别未知面孔的缺陷；解码情绪表达；以及缺陷是否优先出现在右侧，或者也可以在左半球损伤后观察到。方法对110例单侧肿瘤患者术前、术后及随访6个月，采用本顿面部识别测试（BFRT）、面部识别记忆测试（RMT-F）、Ekman 60-Faces表情测试（EK-60F）等不同面部加工水平的任务进行评估。行为分析评估了整个大脑半球面部相关缺陷的患病率和手术效果。基于体素的病变症状映射（VLSM）提供了更精细的解剖分析。结果右半球肿瘤后BFRT和RMT-F的缺损更为常见，而EK-60F的缺损分布更为均匀。此外，BFRT和EK-60F的缺陷在术后显著恶化。VLSM在右侧海马/中颞叶病变中发现RMT-F缺陷。此外，右侧梭状面区/海马体手术导致更大的BFRT缺陷，这种关联在术前不可见。同样，左侧杏仁核/海马损伤后，术后EK-60F评分较低。结论右颞叶在人脸处理的许多方面起着关键作用，只有情绪识别与左半球有关。面部处理热点对手术损伤的敏感性需要仔细监测。

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引用次数: 0

Cortex最新文献

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions