Cortex最新文献_第3页

Measuring brain sensitivity to semantic distance in spoken narrative comprehension 口语叙事理解中脑对语义距离敏感性的测量。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.004

Hannah Mechtenberg , Jamie Reilly , Jonathan E. Peelle , Emily B. Myers

Discourse comprehension requires simultaneous integration of local and global constituents. When hearing a narrative, for example, listeners must link the meaning of each incoming word to the preceding word (local context) while also assimilating its meaning into the broader gist of a story (global context). Thus, the brain simultaneously constructs meaning at different time scales and with different levels of granularity. Our understanding of the brain's division of labor in processing local versus global semantic distance relationships is limited. In this study we ask specifically how the semantic distance between a word and its prior context drives activity in the brain during naturalistic listening. We used fMRI data collected while participants (n = 79) listened to a podcast interview. Using a novel method for estimating semantic distance between a word and prior contexts computed at multiple grain sizes, we conducted an amplitude-modulated regression to identify brain regions that were sensitive to semantic distance. Results show that semantic distance drives activation in a broad frontotemporal network including the left and right superior and middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the bilateral cerebellum. The right anterior superior temporal gyrus was particularly sensitive to the increase in context window size, consistent with a right hemisphere specialization for gist processing and for the anterior temporal lobes' purported role in semantic integration. This study demonstrates a promising method for investigating neural sensitivity to semantic movement in naturalistic language.

话语理解需要同时整合本地和全球成分。例如，在听叙述时，听众必须将每个进入的单词的意思与前面的单词联系起来（当地语境），同时也要将其意思吸收到故事的更广泛的要点中（全球语境）。因此，大脑在不同的时间尺度和不同的粒度水平上同时构建意义。我们对大脑在处理局部和全局语义距离关系中的分工的理解是有限的。在这项研究中，我们具体地询问了在自然聆听过程中，单词与其先前上下文之间的语义距离是如何驱动大脑活动的。我们使用在参与者（n = 79）听播客采访时收集的功能磁共振成像数据。我们使用一种新的方法来估计在多个粒度下计算的单词和先前上下文之间的语义距离，我们进行了调幅回归来识别对语义距离敏感的大脑区域。结果表明，语义距离驱动了包括左右颞上回和中回、左额下回以及双侧小脑在内的广泛额颞网络的激活。右前颞上回对上下文窗口大小的增加特别敏感，这与右半球专门处理主旨和前颞叶在语义整合中的作用是一致的。本研究为研究自然语言语义运动的神经敏感性提供了一种有前景的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Relationships between gaze behaviour and fencing performance of high-skilled fencing athletes: Perspectives from defensive and offensive phases 高技术击剑运动员注视行为与击剑成绩的关系：来自防守和进攻阶段的视角。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.003

Andrada Vincze , Andra Felicia Gabriela Iacob , Ioana Radu , Dragoş Iliescu , Răzvan Jurchiş

This study explores the relationship between visual processing and fencing performance, focusing on various gaze behaviour indices in a dynamic and interactive sport. Visual processing, particularly the ability to gather and use visual information quickly and accurately, is critical for performance in high-speed sports. We hypothesised that visual behaviour, including the duration of the final fixation (Quiet Eye; QE), the number of fixations and the number of scanned locations, significantly impacts fencing performance during offensive and defensive actions. National-level sabre fencers performed a 10-min assault with eye-tracking technology measuring their gaze behaviour. Results indicated that QE was significantly longer before successful touches compared to unsuccessful ones (Bayes factor (B) = 30.92). Additionally, the number of fixations and the number of scanned locations were higher during defensive actions than offensive actions (all Bs ≥ 1908.99). This research provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying sports performance in a realistic context and has implications for training strategies, emphasising the importance of various visual behaviour patterns in fencing.

本研究探讨了视觉加工与击剑表现之间的关系，重点关注动态互动运动中的各种凝视行为指数。视觉处理，特别是快速准确地收集和使用视觉信息的能力，对于高速运动的表现至关重要。我们假设视觉行为，包括最终注视的持续时间（静眼；QE），注视的次数和扫描位置的数量，在进攻和防御行动中显著影响击剑的表现。国家级佩剑运动员进行了10分钟的攻击，用眼球追踪技术测量他们的凝视行为。结果表明，与不成功的触摸相比，QE在成功触摸前的时间明显更长（贝叶斯因子(B) = 30.92）。此外，防守动作的注视数和扫描位置数均高于进攻动作（b值均≥1988.99）。这项研究提供了在现实背景下运动表现的认知过程的见解，并对训练策略有启示，强调了击剑中各种视觉行为模式的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Using EEG to detect lapses in sustained attention to moving stimuli 利用脑电图检测对运动刺激持续注意的缺失

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.002

Benjamin G. Lowe , Alexandra Woolgar , Sophie Smit , Anina N. Rich

Sustaining attention is effortful but crucial for daily life. Despite this, attentional lapses are common and can have fatal consequences (e.g., when driving). The spontaneous nature of these lapses makes studying their underlying phenomena elusive. As such, methods capable of determining when lapses have occurred may be fruitful research tools, with the potential to save lives if implemented within real-world settings. Here, we capitalised on a recent hierarchical classification method, which uses multivariate decoding to index how well human observers sustain their attention within a dynamic visual environment. We asked whether this method could be used to anticipate behavioural errors based on neural activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG, N = 25). We first decoded how long until a stimulus would reach a task-critical point within a Multiple Object Monitoring (MOM) task from multivariate patterns of EEG amplitudes. The extent to which we could decode this information depended on whether the stimulus was relevant for behaviour, and was lower before participants failed to detect (or ‘missed’) target stimuli relative to hits, presumably due to attentional lapses. We then exploited this drop in neural decodability to predict whether errors were about to occur on each trial. The results form a foundation for sensitive and specific methods to objectively detect errors in sustained attention tasks based on patterns of brain activity.

保持注意力很费力，但对日常生活至关重要。尽管如此，注意力不集中是很常见的，并可能造成致命的后果（例如，在驾驶时）。这些失误的自发性使得研究其潜在现象变得难以捉摸。因此，能够确定何时发生故障的方法可能是富有成效的研究工具，如果在现实环境中实施，可能会挽救生命。在这里，我们利用了最近的分层分类方法，该方法使用多元解码来索引人类观察者在动态视觉环境中保持注意力的程度。我们询问这种方法是否可以用于预测基于脑电图（EEG, N = 25）测量的神经活动的行为错误。我们首先从多目标监测（MOM）任务的多变量脑电图振幅模式中解码了刺激到达任务临界点所需的时间。我们能够解码这些信息的程度取决于刺激是否与行为相关，并且在参与者未能检测（或“错过”）相对于命中目标刺激之前，可能是由于注意力缺失。然后，我们利用神经可解码性的下降来预测每次试验中是否会发生错误。这些结果为基于大脑活动模式客观检测持续注意力任务中的错误的敏感和特定方法奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing developmental neural incongruency effects in reading and arithmetic among children: An ERP study 儿童阅读和算术发育神经不一致效应的比较：一项ERP研究。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.001

Jie Ma , Brian W.L. Wong , Kelvin F.H. Lui , Jason C.M. Lo , Shuting Huo , Catherine McBride , Urs Maurer

Although reading and arithmetic abilities are considered distinct academic skills, evidence of shared cognitive structures suggests that they may also involve shared brain functions. This study investigated neural incongruency effects between sentence reading and simple addition in primary school children using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixty children from grades 1, 2 and 3 judged whether the meanings of Chinese sentences and arithmetic additions were correct or not. ERP maps including all electrodes were analysed using timepoint-to-timepoint TANOVA analysis with factors of incongruency, task and age. Behavioural responses were faster in the congruent than incongruent condition, especially for younger children; the age-related reduction in the incongruency effect was more pronounced in the arithmetic than the reading task. TANOVA showed incongruency main effects for the N400 (306–476 msec) that were similar for reading and arithmetic. Importantly, interaction effects of task and incongruency in the early N400 (242–326 msec) time range reflected faster incongruency effects for arithmetic compared to reading. Age did not modulate any of these effects, nor had a significant main effect on ERP. Microstate findings revealed that the N400 effect differed between reading and arithmetic in latency and topographic distribution. Taken together, the results suggest that incorrectness in both reading and arithmetic is reflected by N400 effects that indicate incongruency processing, but this activity differs between reading and arithmetic and starts earlier for arithmetic than reading. Overall, the present study underscores the need for a cross-domain approach to understanding the shared and distinct neurocognitive patterns of academic skills.

虽然阅读和算术能力被认为是不同的学术技能，但共同认知结构的证据表明，它们也可能涉及共同的大脑功能。本研究利用事件相关电位（ERPs）研究小学生句子阅读与简单加法之间的神经不一致效应。60名一、二、三年级的儿童对汉语句子和算术加法的意义进行判断。采用时间点对时间点的TANOVA分析，对包括所有电极在内的ERP图进行分析，并考虑不一致、任务和年龄因素。一致条件下的行为反应比不一致条件下的行为反应快，特别是对于年龄较小的儿童；与年龄相关的不一致效应的降低在算术任务中比在阅读任务中更为明显。TANOVA分析显示N400 （306-476 msec）在阅读和算术方面的主效应不一致。重要的是，在N400早期（242-326 msec）时间范围内，任务和不一致的交互效应反映出算术的不一致效应比阅读更快。年龄没有调节任何这些影响，也没有显著的主要影响ERP。微态结果显示，阅读和算术的N400效应在潜伏期和地形分布上存在差异。综上所述，结果表明，阅读和算术中的不正确性都反映在N400效应中，这表明不一致的处理，但这种活动在阅读和算术之间是不同的，算术比阅读更早开始。总的来说，目前的研究强调需要跨领域的方法来理解学术技能的共享和独特的神经认知模式。

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引用次数: 0

Functional organization of distance-dependent audio-tactile integration is different in rear and front spaces 距离相关的听觉触觉整合功能组织在前后空间存在差异

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.015

Augustin Amiel , Lise Hobeika , Isabelle Viaud-Delmon , Marine Taffou

Peripersonal space mediates animals' interactions with the environment and is thus critical for the implementation of appropriate behaviors. Integrating multisensory information located in peripersonal space induces enhanced behavioral responses and reflects the relevance of external stimuli for the organism's survival. To date, modifications of reaction time related to peripersonal space have mostly been studied using stimuli presented in the frontal space, and limited data are available on other dimensions of peripersonal space. Here, we investigated rear and front defensive peripersonal space by testing whether the distance-dependent behavioral effect of audio-tactile integration varies around the body. Healthy human participants had to detect a tactile stimulation on their hand while an irrelevant sound was approaching them from different parts of space. We used sound spatialization techniques (3D sound) to create sound stimuli looming towards participants' bodies from the front-right, front-left, rear-right, and rear-left quadrants. In the front hemifield, sounds approaching from the left had to be closer to facilitate tactile detection compared to those from the right. In contrast, in the rear hemifield, tactile detection was enhanced at similar distances regardless of whether the sound approached from the left or right. This indicates that human auditory defensive peripersonal space is not homogeneous around the body, showing a lateral asymmetry in the front but not in the rear space. This suggests that perceptual coding of space takes into account action abilities which, in humans, are driven by a front/back organization of the biomechanic skeletal system and of the sensory organs.

周边个人空间调节着动物与环境的互动，因此对适当行为的实施至关重要。整合位于周围个人空间的多感官信息会引起增强的行为反应，并反映出外部刺激与生物体生存的相关性。到目前为止，与反应时间相关的反应时间的改变主要是利用正面空间的刺激来研究的，而在周围空间的其他维度上的数据有限。在此，我们通过测试听觉-触觉整合的距离依赖行为效应是否在身体的各个部位有所不同，来研究前后防御性的个人周围空间。健康的人类参与者必须在一个不相关的声音从空间的不同部分接近他们时，检测到他们手上的触觉刺激。我们使用声音空间化技术（3D声音）来创造声音刺激，从右前、左前、右后和左后象限逼近参与者的身体。在前脑区，与来自右侧的声音相比，来自左侧的声音必须更近，以方便触觉检测。相比之下，在后半脑区，无论声音是从左边还是从右边传来，在相似的距离上，触觉探测都得到了增强。这表明人类听觉防御的周围个人空间在身体周围并不是均匀的，在前部表现出横向不对称，而在后部则没有。这表明，空间的感知编码考虑到了人类的行动能力，而行动能力是由生物力学骨骼系统和感觉器官的前后组织驱动的。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral constructs and neural correlates of descriptive and responsive speech in post-stroke aphasia 脑卒中后失语症描述性和反应性言语的行为构念和神经相关。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.012

Mara Barberis , Ella Eycken , Pieter De Clercq , Robin Lemmens , Hugo Van hamme , Maaike Vandermosten

Discourse refers to language that extends beyond a single clause and is used to express ideas, feelings or to interact with others. Persons with post-stroke aphasia often encounter difficulties in discourse, which can severely impede everyday communication. In recent years, discourse has received more attention in both research and clinical practice due to its high ecological validity. However, little is known about the underlying behavioral constructs and neural correlates of discourse in post-stroke aphasia. In the current study, discourse was assessed in 49 persons with chronic aphasia following left-hemispheric (n = 39) or bilateral (n = 10) stroke using picture description from the CAT (descriptive speech) and verbal responses to everyday scenarios from the ANELT (responsive speech). Factor analysis and voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping were performed to investigate the underlying behavioral and neural constructs. Factor analysis revealed four latent constructs that explained 64% of the total variance in the discourse variables: grammatical, phonological, lexical-semantic and macrostructural. Fluency variables were spread across these four different factors. For example, digression was associated with word repetitions and filled pauses, while grammatical deficits were associated with speech rate and long pauses. After correction for multiple comparisons, only the lexical-semantic factor was significantly associated with a left cluster covering lesions in the inferior parietal, superior and middle temporal and lateral occipital regions. In conclusion, this study shows that discourse analysis can reveal both clustered and distributed dimensions and further establishes the role of the left inferior parietal and superior and middle temporal lobe in lexical-semantic abilities.

话语是指超越单个子句，用来表达思想、情感或与他人互动的语言。中风后失语症患者经常遇到言语困难，这可能严重阻碍日常交流。近年来，话语因其较高的生态效度在研究和临床实践中受到越来越多的关注。然而，对于脑卒中后失语症中言语的潜在行为结构和神经相关因素知之甚少。在目前的研究中，对49名左半球（n = 39）或双侧（n = 10）中风后慢性失语症患者的话语进行了评估，使用CAT（描述性言语）的图片描述和ANELT（反应性言语）对日常情景的言语反应。进行因子分析和体素型病变症状映射，以调查潜在的行为和神经结构。因子分析揭示了四个潜在构念，它们解释了话语变量中64%的总变异：语法、语音、词汇语义和宏观结构。流畅性变量分布在这四个不同的因素中。例如，跑题与单词重复和填充停顿有关，而语法缺陷与语速和长停顿有关。经过多次比较校正后，只有词汇-语义因素与覆盖顶叶下、颞上、颞中和枕侧区域病变的左簇显著相关。综上所述，本研究表明语篇分析可以揭示聚类维度和分布维度，并进一步确立了左顶叶下叶和颞中上叶在词汇语义能力中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Neurophysiological signature of working memory updating during encoding 编码过程中工作记忆更新的神经生理特征。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.013

Kathrin Sadus , Anna-Lena Schubert , Christoph Löffler , Wiebke Hemming , Dirk Hagemann

Working memory (WM) has been extensively studied in cognitive psychology, with numerous tasks developed to measure its capacity. Among these, binding and updating tasks that assess the ability to build, maintain, and manipulate temporary relational representations have been shown to be particularly suitable for assessing WM capacity (WMC). In the present study, we investigated the specific processes involved in updating during WM encoding by comparing the electrophysiological signals in binding and updating tasks. In addition, we compared specific forms of updating demands by contrasting substitution and transformation processes. Finally, we examined whether individual differences in updating activity are related to WM performance. We recruited a heterogeneous sample of 151 participants (female = 89, M_age = 34.77, SD = 12.78) who completed a binding and two updating tasks while an EEG was recorded. Mass univariate cluster-based permutation analyses of event-related potentials consistently showed a temporally and spatially widespread cluster when comparing updating and binding. This cluster was characterized by an increased positivity associated with updating, appearing predominantly in the frontal regions during early time windows (approximately 130–350 msec after stimulus onset) and later shifting to the parietal regions (from approximately 350 msec onward). Additionally, when comparing transformation and substitution, we found an increase in positivity associated with transformation, peaking within a typical P3 time window (approximately 400 msec). Finally, we found that only individual differences in transformation-related activity were associated with individual differences in WMC.

工作记忆（WM）在认知心理学中得到了广泛的研究，并开发了许多测试其容量的任务。其中，评估构建、维护和操作临时关系表示能力的绑定和更新任务已被证明特别适合评估WM容量（WMC）。在本研究中，我们通过比较结合和更新任务中的电生理信号，研究了WM编码中涉及更新的具体过程。此外，我们通过对比替代和转换过程，比较了特定形式的更新需求。最后，我们研究了更新活动的个体差异是否与WM性能有关。我们招募了151名异质样本（女性= 89，男性= 34.77,SD = 12.78），他们在记录脑电图的同时完成了一次绑定和两次更新任务。基于大规模单变量簇的事件相关电位排列分析在比较更新和绑定时一致显示出时间和空间上广泛分布的簇。该簇的特征是与更新相关的正性增加，在早期时间窗口（刺激开始后约130-350毫秒）主要出现在额叶区域，随后转移到顶叶区域（约350毫秒以后）。此外，当比较转换和替代时，我们发现与转换相关的积极性增加，在典型的P3时间窗（大约400毫秒）内达到峰值。最后，我们发现只有转化相关活动的个体差异与WMC的个体差异相关。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive-linguistic skills in production of expository discourse: Insights from longitudinal changes and neural correlates in primary progressive aphasia 说明性话语产生中的认知语言技能：来自原发性进行性失语症的纵向变化和神经相关的见解。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.011

Marina A. Anwia , Mara Steinberg Lowe , Sophie Matis , James Carrick , Olivier Piguet , Ramon Landin-Romero , Kirrie J. Ballard

Background

Engaging in conversational and story-telling discourse involves an interplay of language and cognitive skills, including working memory, attention, and inference-making. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) provides a model for exploring discourse, as both language and cognitive abilities change over time with changes in cortical atrophy. Here, associations between morphosyntactic discourse skills and patterns of cortical atrophy are measured over time in nonfluent (nfv), logopenic (lv) and semantic (sv) variants of PPA.

Method

Participants were 27 individuals with nfvPPA (M = 66.6 years ± 8.3), 30 lvPPA (M = 66.7 ± 7.3), 33 svPPA (M = 64.8 ± 6.7), and 36 healthy controls (HC; M = 65.5 ± 6.8). Picture descriptions were analysed for word density and diversity, sentence complexity, well-formedness, and fluency annually for up to three timepoints. Associations between language measures and cortical thickness on structural MRI scans were analysed.

Results

At timepoint 1, nfvPPA performed below other groups on most measures; lvPPA were differentiated from svPPA on fluency measures only. Longitudinally, utterance length declined in all variants. For nfvPPA, this was linked with reduced sentence complexity and cortical atrophy in regions engaged by higher attentional demand. For lvPPA, it was linked with increasing grammatical errors and atrophy extending into perisylvian language network. No associations were identified for svPPA.

Conclusions

Findings provide insight into how discourse production is underpinned by a network that extends beyond classic language regions, with morphosyntactic elements of discourse associated in part with regions involved in domain-general cognitive skills such as error-monitoring and elaborative encoding. Findings can also inform assessment, prognosis, and intervention for communication through the PPA disease course.

背景：参与对话和讲故事的话语涉及语言和认知技能的相互作用，包括工作记忆、注意力和推理。原发性进行性失语症（PPA）提供了一个探索话语的模型，因为语言和认知能力随着时间的推移而改变，随着皮质萎缩的变化。在这里，形态句法话语技巧和皮层萎缩模式之间的关联随着时间的推移被测量在非流利（nfv），语义（lv）和语义（sv）变体的PPA。方法：研究对象为nfvPPA患者27例（M = 66.6±8.3岁），lvPPA患者30例（M = 66.7±7.3岁），svPPA患者33例（M = 64.8±6.7），健康对照36例（HC, M = 65.5±6.8）。图片描述的单词密度和多样性、句子复杂性、格式良好性和流畅性每年最多分析三个时间点。语言测量和结构MRI扫描的皮层厚度之间的关联进行了分析。结果：在时间点1，nfvPPA在大多数指标上的表现低于其他组；lvPPA与svPPA仅在流畅性测量上有所区别。纵向上，所有变体的话语长度都在下降。对于nfvPPA，这与句子复杂性降低和高注意力需求区域的皮质萎缩有关。对于lvPPA来说，它与语法错误的增加和延伸到波斯语网络的萎缩有关。未发现与svPPA相关。结论：研究结果揭示了话语产生是如何由一个超越经典语言区域的网络支撑的，话语的形态句法元素部分与涉及领域一般认知技能的区域相关，如错误监控和详细编码。研究结果还可以为PPA病程的评估、预后和干预交流提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Cover figure 封面图

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00308-9

引用次数: 0

Opportunities for Registered Reports in neuropsychology 神经心理学的注册报告机会。

IF 3.3 2区心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Cortex

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.014

Robert D. McIntosh , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Richard J. Binney , Pia Rotshtein

引用次数: 0