Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00009.4
A. Chauhan, V. Singh, Y. Kwatra
Base-catalysed transesterification of waste cooking oil for the production of biodiesel was assisted by the addition of co-solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). In addition to lowering of reaction temperature and reduction in reaction time for transesterification, THF facilitated production of methyl ester in a single phase. THF-assisted base-catalysed reaction was optimised for various parameters. Maximum biodiesel production (92.8%) was obtained with 4% THF, 0.6% sodium methoxide (catalyst), 6:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 45 min reaction time and 50°C reaction temperature. Added to this, maximum glycerol recovery (18.62%) was obtained at 50°C using lower concentrations of THF (2%). Use of THF highlights even more economically viable and greener potential for biodiesel production as this co-solvent is non-toxic, un-reactive and of biomass origin.
{"title":"Tetrahydrofuran-Assisted Transesterification Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil","authors":"A. Chauhan, V. Singh, Y. Kwatra","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00009.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00009.4","url":null,"abstract":"Base-catalysed transesterification of waste cooking oil for the production of biodiesel was assisted by the addition of co-solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). In addition to lowering of reaction temperature and reduction in reaction time for transesterification, THF facilitated production of methyl ester in a single phase. THF-assisted base-catalysed reaction was optimised for various parameters. Maximum biodiesel production (92.8%) was obtained with 4% THF, 0.6% sodium methoxide (catalyst), 6:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 45 min reaction time and 50°C reaction temperature. Added to this, maximum glycerol recovery (18.62%) was obtained at 50°C using lower concentrations of THF (2%). Use of THF highlights even more economically viable and greener potential for biodiesel production as this co-solvent is non-toxic, un-reactive and of biomass origin.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122357044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00010.2
C. S. Singh, Tejaswi Mayank, Mandeep Sharma, N. Malik
{"title":"Different Models of Reactors for Biodiesel Production: A Review","authors":"C. S. Singh, Tejaswi Mayank, Mandeep Sharma, N. Malik","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00010.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00010.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"35 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131957805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00003.8
M. Hossain, Moniruzzaman, S. Sujan, Mosharof Hossain, Jamal
Biodiesel is a mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as vegetable oils or animal fats, for using in compression ignition engine. Studies were carried out to extract non-edible crude rubber oil from rubber seed and to produce potential biodiesel from it. Crude rubber oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction process with n-hexane solvent and also mechanically extracted by using continuous screw expeller. Due to its high free fatty acid (3.89% FFA) content, the crude rubber oil was processed in two steps. The acid-catalyzed esterification and followed by the base catalyzed transesterification. The acid-catalyzed esterification reaction was carried out with concentrated H2SO4 acid and ethanol-to-oil ratio. The production of biodiesel involved the transesterification of treated rubber oil with ethanol in the presence of a base catalyst (KOH) to yield ethyl ester as a product and glycerine as a by-product. The first step reduces the FFA level from 3.89% to 1.1% in one hour at 50oC for 40% w/w ethanol-to-oil ratio with 1% w/w H2SO4. After the reaction the mixture was stagnated for an hour and ethanol-water upper layer was discarded. The second step convert the product into biodiesel and glycerol through transesterification using 30% w/w ethanol-to-oil and 0.8% w/w KOH to oil at 65oC. The maximum biodiesel yield achieved at rate of 89.36% within one hour and the glycerol concentration in the by-product (glycerol layer) obtained after duel step transesterification was found 18.82%.
{"title":"Extraction of Crude Rubber Oil from Rubber Seed and Production of Biodiesel","authors":"M. Hossain, Moniruzzaman, S. Sujan, Mosharof Hossain, Jamal","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00003.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00003.8","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as vegetable oils or animal fats, for using in compression ignition engine. Studies were carried out to extract non-edible crude rubber oil from rubber seed and to produce potential biodiesel from it. Crude rubber oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction process with n-hexane solvent and also mechanically extracted by using continuous screw expeller. Due to its high free fatty acid (3.89% FFA) content, the crude rubber oil was processed in two steps. The acid-catalyzed esterification and followed by the base catalyzed transesterification. The acid-catalyzed esterification reaction was carried out with concentrated H2SO4 acid and ethanol-to-oil ratio. The production of biodiesel involved the transesterification of treated rubber oil with ethanol in the presence of a base catalyst (KOH) to yield ethyl ester as a product and glycerine as a by-product. The first step reduces the FFA level from 3.89% to 1.1% in one hour at 50oC for 40% w/w ethanol-to-oil ratio with 1% w/w H2SO4. After the reaction the mixture was stagnated for an hour and ethanol-water upper layer was discarded. The second step convert the product into biodiesel and glycerol through transesterification using 30% w/w ethanol-to-oil and 0.8% w/w KOH to oil at 65oC. The maximum biodiesel yield achieved at rate of 89.36% within one hour and the glycerol concentration in the by-product (glycerol layer) obtained after duel step transesterification was found 18.82%.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"657 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00008.4
Ravi V. Viradiya, R. V. Pandya, J. Tank
{"title":"Biodiesel Production from Highly Viscous Seed Oils","authors":"Ravi V. Viradiya, R. V. Pandya, J. Tank","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00008.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00008.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126786297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00006.9
Yahaya Alhassan, Naveen Kumar
Feedstocks availability has posed a big question on sustainability of biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas production. FWs (food wastes) are emerging sustainable renewable energy feedstocks, especially with the bio-refinery concept and other emerging technologies like pyrolysis and HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction). In this research work, process optimisation for the production of light bio-oil from solid restaurant waste is been reported. Solid restaurant waste was thermally liquefied using hot water under highpressure condition. Effects of heating temperature (150°C, 200°C and 250°C), biomass to solvent ratios (1: 5, 1: 10 and 1: 15) as well as catalyst loading (5 wt%, 7.5 wt% and 10 wt%) are investigated. From the results as expected, increasing reaction temperature improved the production of light biooil and its fuel quality as well, with an optimum reaction temperature of 225°C. In contrast, increasing biomass to solvent ratiofrom 1: 10 to 1: 15 did not increase the oil yield. As such, the optimum biomass to solvent ratio was 1: 10. Similarly, catalyst concentration of 5 wt% (weight of slurry) gives the best oil production. It could be concluded that HTL of solid restaurant waste into light bio-oil is a sustainable renewable energy source.
{"title":"Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Solid Food Waste for Light Bio-oil Production: Process Optimisation","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00006.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00006.9","url":null,"abstract":"Feedstocks availability has posed a big question on sustainability of biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas production. FWs (food wastes) are emerging sustainable renewable energy feedstocks, especially with the bio-refinery concept and other emerging technologies like pyrolysis and HTL (hydrothermal liquefaction). In this research work, process optimisation for the production of light bio-oil from solid restaurant waste is been reported. Solid restaurant waste was thermally liquefied using hot water under highpressure condition. Effects of heating temperature (150°C, 200°C and 250°C), biomass to solvent ratios (1: 5, 1: 10 and 1: 15) as well as catalyst loading (5 wt%, 7.5 wt% and 10 wt%) are investigated. From the results as expected, increasing reaction temperature improved the production of light biooil and its fuel quality as well, with an optimum reaction temperature of 225°C. In contrast, increasing biomass to solvent ratiofrom 1: 10 to 1: 15 did not increase the oil yield. As such, the optimum biomass to solvent ratio was 1: 10. Similarly, catalyst concentration of 5 wt% (weight of slurry) gives the best oil production. It could be concluded that HTL of solid restaurant waste into light bio-oil is a sustainable renewable energy source.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00009.0
Anil Kumar Singh, N. Garg, R. Singh, A. Tyagi
Biofuels are the renewable fuels of biological origin and a good substitute to petroleum fuels for the transport sector. Among biofuels, bioethanol has been gaining worldwide acceptance as an alternative source to gasoline. The major raw material for production of ethanol has been the sugarcane molasses. Since molasses alone cannot meet the total requirement, production of ethanol from cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass is being explored as a possible alternate source. Lignocellulosic material in the form of agricultural residue holds enormous potential as a source of ethanol because it is the most abundant renewable biomass available on the earth. This article provides a broad overview on lignocellulosic biomass availability and technologies available for its conversion into bioethanol. This would serve as the reference paper for the researchers, policy makers and industries involved in making bioethanol from renewable biomass a reality.
{"title":"Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Materials: Options, Challenges and Path Forward","authors":"Anil Kumar Singh, N. Garg, R. Singh, A. Tyagi","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00009.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00009.0","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuels are the renewable fuels of biological origin and a good substitute to petroleum fuels for the transport sector. Among biofuels, bioethanol has been gaining worldwide acceptance as an alternative source to gasoline. The major raw material for production of ethanol has been the sugarcane molasses. Since molasses alone cannot meet the total requirement, production of ethanol from cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass is being explored as a possible alternate source. Lignocellulosic material in the form of agricultural residue holds enormous potential as a source of ethanol because it is the most abundant renewable biomass available on the earth. This article provides a broad overview on lignocellulosic biomass availability and technologies available for its conversion into bioethanol. This would serve as the reference paper for the researchers, policy makers and industries involved in making bioethanol from renewable biomass a reality.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121841680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.2.2.007
Sidharth, Naveen Kumar, B. Chauhan, S. Sinha
Diesel engines are considered as a work horse in the transportation, agricultural and power sector. Stringent environmental norms coupled with extinction of fossil fuel have created interest in alternative fuels for leasing a new life to hundreds of thousands of existing diesel engines. In this context, oil derived from thumba plant has been considered as a sustainable substitute to diesel fuel. The objective of the present work is to evaluate performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with neat thumba oil and then to compare the results with baseline results of diesel. The experiments were conducted using a dual fuel engine test rig with the required instrumentation. The results show that BTE (brake thermal efficiency) of engine was lower and BSEC (brake specific energy consumption) was higher when the engine was fuelled with thumba oil as compared to diesel fuel. Emissions from thumba oil were comparable with that of diesel fuel. CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and smoke emissions from thumba oil were found to be slightly higher than diesel fuel. Thus, it can be concluded that thumba oil could be a good substitute of diesel fuel in rural areas of India where availability and high prices of diesel pose a challenge of utilising diesel either for electricity generation or for other farming applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Thumba oil in a Compression Ignition Engine","authors":"Sidharth, Naveen Kumar, B. Chauhan, S. Sinha","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.2.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.2.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"Diesel engines are considered as a work horse in the transportation, agricultural and power sector. Stringent environmental norms coupled with extinction of fossil fuel have created interest in alternative fuels for leasing a new life to hundreds of thousands of existing diesel engines. In this context, oil derived from thumba plant has been considered as a sustainable substitute to diesel fuel. The objective of the present work is to evaluate performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with neat thumba oil and then to compare the results with baseline results of diesel. The experiments were conducted using a dual fuel engine test rig with the required instrumentation. The results show that BTE (brake thermal efficiency) of engine was lower and BSEC (brake specific energy consumption) was higher when the engine was fuelled with thumba oil as compared to diesel fuel. Emissions from thumba oil were comparable with that of diesel fuel. CO (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbon) and smoke emissions from thumba oil were found to be slightly higher than diesel fuel. Thus, it can be concluded that thumba oil could be a good substitute of diesel fuel in rural areas of India where availability and high prices of diesel pose a challenge of utilising diesel either for electricity generation or for other farming applications.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132650402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-3015.1.1.014
M. Prince, P. Chandiveera, M. Bose
The growth of Green Employment in many countries is very significant with interests having infectious optimism regarding the potential of Green Employment and the Biofuel Technologies are rapidly improving. The Biofuel Green jobs are the wave of the future, and every municipality, village, town, city, state, and governments are looking at ways to create Biofuel Green jobs - jobs that will help the Global Environment and Global Energy. The Biofuel Green Jobs Initiative is launched to assess, analyze and promote the creation of decent jobs as a consequence of the needed environmental policies. It supports an intensive effort by Governments, Employers and Trade Unions to promote environmentally sustainable jobs and development in a climate challenged world. The paper discusses the Laws relating to Biofuel Green Jobs to develop energy and to sustain environment. The paper begins with the discussion of influence of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the role of regulatory mitigation to develop Global Energy. The paper proceeds with Legal research on the effects of Climate Change and Opportunities available through Biofuels. The renewable Biofuels can create Green Jobs and contribute to a new Energy Economy. The new research and development programs initiatives and extension of Tax Credits for clean energy production could contribute to the completion of renewable energy projects that create Green Jobs and generate economic activity through the Biofuel Industry. This paper also discusses various issues in related to Quality Norms, Risk Management and Modern Corporate Governance pertaining to Biofuels. Collectively, this paper will address a long-term enhanced action on mitigation in Biofuel for Global Environmental Stability and Global Energy Management.
{"title":"Laws relating to Biofuel Green Jobs and Influence of the International Labour Organization to Develop Global Energy","authors":"M. Prince, P. Chandiveera, M. Bose","doi":"10.5958/j.0976-3015.1.1.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-3015.1.1.014","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of Green Employment in many countries is very significant with interests having infectious optimism regarding the potential of Green Employment and the Biofuel Technologies are rapidly improving. The Biofuel Green jobs are the wave of the future, and every municipality, village, town, city, state, and governments are looking at ways to create Biofuel Green jobs - jobs that will help the Global Environment and Global Energy. The Biofuel Green Jobs Initiative is launched to assess, analyze and promote the creation of decent jobs as a consequence of the needed environmental policies. It supports an intensive effort by Governments, Employers and Trade Unions to promote environmentally sustainable jobs and development in a climate challenged world. The paper discusses the Laws relating to Biofuel Green Jobs to develop energy and to sustain environment. The paper begins with the discussion of influence of the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the role of regulatory mitigation to develop Global Energy. The paper proceeds with Legal research on the effects of Climate Change and Opportunities available through Biofuels. The renewable Biofuels can create Green Jobs and contribute to a new Energy Economy. The new research and development programs initiatives and extension of Tax Credits for clean energy production could contribute to the completion of renewable energy projects that create Green Jobs and generate economic activity through the Biofuel Industry. This paper also discusses various issues in related to Quality Norms, Risk Management and Modern Corporate Governance pertaining to Biofuels. Collectively, this paper will address a long-term enhanced action on mitigation in Biofuel for Global Environmental Stability and Global Energy Management.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0
L. C. Meher, K. Chandra, N. Sharma, M. Mittal, M. Nasim
In the recent time, Camelina sativa has attracted research interest as feedstock for biofuels. The fatty acid methyl esters from C. sativa oil was prepared and characterised as per the test methods mentioned in EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751–08 and IS 15607: 2005 specifications. The methyl ester content more than 96.5% was achieved in two-step alkali transesterification, and the percentage of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride were within the specified limit. The iodine value is 148 g I2/100 g which is quite above the desired value as per the European specification; likewise, the linolenic acid methyl ester content is quite high. The cetane number was calculated theoretically which is less than the required value. The oxidation stability is poor, whereas the addition of synthetic antioxidant that is pyrogallol at 100 ppm attains the induction period of 8.1 h. The rest fuel parameters are in good agreement with EN 14214: 2008 norm. Except cetane number, the other properties are in agreement with the IS 15607: 2005 specification. In case of American specification, the cetane number is specified to be minimum 47, whereas the theoretical cetane number for Camelina methyl ester is slightly lower. Cetane enhancer may be used for the fuel to qualify the American and Indian specifications.
近年来，亚麻荠作为生物燃料的原料引起了人们的研究兴趣。根据EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751-08和IS 15607: 2005规范中提到的测试方法，从芥花油中制备和表征脂肪酸甲酯。两步碱酯交换制得的甲酯含量大于96.5%，单甘油酯、双甘油酯和甘油三酯的含量均在规定范围内。碘值为148 g /100 g，远远高于欧洲标准的期望值;同样，亚麻酸甲酯的含量也很高。理论上计算的十六烷值小于要求值。氧化稳定性较差，而添加100 ppm的合成抗氧化剂邻苯三酚，诱导期为8.1 h。其余燃料参数符合EN 14214: 2008标准。除十六烷值外，其他性能均符合IS 15607: 2005规范。美国规范规定十六烷值最低为47，而亚麻荠甲酯的理论十六烷值略低。十六烷增强剂可用于燃料，以符合美国和印度的规格。
{"title":"Assessment of Fuel Qualities of Methyl Esters from Camelina sativa Seed Oil for Biofuel Applications","authors":"L. C. Meher, K. Chandra, N. Sharma, M. Mittal, M. Nasim","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent time, Camelina sativa has attracted research interest as feedstock for biofuels. The fatty acid methyl esters from C. sativa oil was prepared and characterised as per the test methods mentioned in EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751–08 and IS 15607: 2005 specifications. The methyl ester content more than 96.5% was achieved in two-step alkali transesterification, and the percentage of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride were within the specified limit. The iodine value is 148 g I2/100 g which is quite above the desired value as per the European specification; likewise, the linolenic acid methyl ester content is quite high. The cetane number was calculated theoretically which is less than the required value. The oxidation stability is poor, whereas the addition of synthetic antioxidant that is pyrogallol at 100 ppm attains the induction period of 8.1 h. The rest fuel parameters are in good agreement with EN 14214: 2008 norm. Except cetane number, the other properties are in agreement with the IS 15607: 2005 specification. In case of American specification, the cetane number is specified to be minimum 47, whereas the theoretical cetane number for Camelina methyl ester is slightly lower. Cetane enhancer may be used for the fuel to qualify the American and Indian specifications.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3
C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan, O. Okunola, S. Garba, A. Abubakar
{"title":"Heavy Metals Compositions in Different Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters","authors":"C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan, O. Okunola, S. Garba, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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