Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3
C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan, O. Okunola, S. Garba, A. Abubakar
{"title":"Heavy Metals Compositions in Different Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters","authors":"C. S. Ezeanyanaso, Y. Alhassan, O. Okunola, S. Garba, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00008.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.027
M. D. S. Castilho, H. Yamanaka, M. F. D. Oliveira, M. Zanoni, N. Stradiotto
In this work, an electrode chemically modified with polypyrrole (PCME) was employed for determination of sulfate in ethanol fuel using a FIA system. The PCME was prepared by polymerization of pyrrole at a glassy carbon electrode by means of cyclic voltammetry technique. An analytical curve from 1.0 x 10−5 to 8.0 x 10−5 mol L−1 was obtained in flow injection system based on the PCME. An amperometric sensibility of 2.3 x 10−3 A mol−1 L and a detection limit of 2.5 x 10−6 mol L−1 were achieved. The proposed method was employed for determination of sulfate ions in commercial samples of ethanol fuel. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by the ionic chromatographic method.
{"title":"Determination of Sulfate in Ethanol Fuel using an Electrode Chemically Modified with Polypyrrole by Flow Injection Analysis","authors":"M. D. S. Castilho, H. Yamanaka, M. F. D. Oliveira, M. Zanoni, N. Stradiotto","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.027","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an electrode chemically modified with polypyrrole (PCME) was employed for determination of sulfate in ethanol fuel using a FIA system. The PCME was prepared by polymerization of pyrrole at a glassy carbon electrode by means of cyclic voltammetry technique. An analytical curve from 1.0 x 10−5 to 8.0 x 10−5 mol L−1 was obtained in flow injection system based on the PCME. An amperometric sensibility of 2.3 x 10−3 A mol−1 L and a detection limit of 2.5 x 10−6 mol L−1 were achieved. The proposed method was employed for determination of sulfate ions in commercial samples of ethanol fuel. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by the ionic chromatographic method.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121582106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.021
Vijay Makwana, Purna R Shukla, P. Robin
Jatropha curcas L. has been accepted world wide as a plant with tremendous commercial importance as a source for biodiesel. It is a monoecious plant with staminate and pistillate flowers on same inflorescence. The number of staminate flowers is higher than pistillate ones resulting in very low fruit yield. Altering the sex ratio, to increase number of female flowers would lead to better yield. Phytohormones are one of the most important factors known to alter sex ratio in plants. The mechanism by which phytohormones alter sex ratio differs in different plant species. Earlier studies from our laboratory have shown effect of exogenous application of GA and 2, 4-D on flowering patterns in Jatropha. Here we report a comparative study of the effect of exogenous application of GA and 2, 4-D (50 and 100 ppm) on flower sex modification in Jatropha curcas. There was considerable increase in total number of flowers and female: male flower ratio by application of GA and 2, 4-D. However, at higher concentration of GA a negative result as far as fruit yield is considered was seen. The reasons for this are reported here. 2, 4-D on the other hand increased the ratio of female flowers in a concentration dependent fashion. Of the four treatments reported here, we have observed that 2, 4-D (100 ppm) shows better results than GA and untreated plants. The reasons for this are discussed.
{"title":"Comparing potential of GA and 2, 4-D in increasing fruit yield from Jatropha curcas","authors":"Vijay Makwana, Purna R Shukla, P. Robin","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.021","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha curcas L. has been accepted world wide as a plant with tremendous commercial importance as a source for biodiesel. It is a monoecious plant with staminate and pistillate flowers on same inflorescence. The number of staminate flowers is higher than pistillate ones resulting in very low fruit yield. Altering the sex ratio, to increase number of female flowers would lead to better yield. Phytohormones are one of the most important factors known to alter sex ratio in plants. The mechanism by which phytohormones alter sex ratio differs in different plant species. Earlier studies from our laboratory have shown effect of exogenous application of GA and 2, 4-D on flowering patterns in Jatropha. Here we report a comparative study of the effect of exogenous application of GA and 2, 4-D (50 and 100 ppm) on flower sex modification in Jatropha curcas. There was considerable increase in total number of flowers and female: male flower ratio by application of GA and 2, 4-D. However, at higher concentration of GA a negative result as far as fruit yield is considered was seen. The reasons for this are reported here. 2, 4-D on the other hand increased the ratio of female flowers in a concentration dependent fashion. Of the four treatments reported here, we have observed that 2, 4-D (100 ppm) shows better results than GA and untreated plants. The reasons for this are discussed.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00006.9
D. Sarmah, D. Deka
{"title":"High Quality Biodiesel from Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) Seed Oil and Study of Fuel Properties of YOEE and Petrodiesel Blends","authors":"D. Sarmah, D. Deka","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00006.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00006.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124350233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00003.9
Amit Kumar, H. S. Pali, Manoj Kumar
{"title":"Possible Utilisation of Waste Tyre as Potential Energy Source: A Short Review","authors":"Amit Kumar, H. S. Pali, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00003.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00003.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"76 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00002.1
A. Goswami, G. A. Usmani
Microalgae are appeared to be one of the important sources of renewable biodiesel. The microalgae are obtained from nearest ponds. The algal oil extracted from microalgae by the Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as solvent. The sufficient yield of algal oil was extracted by repeating the number of cycles. The algal methylester known as algal biodiesel was prepared by transesterification process using an alkali catalyst. The petroleum properties like flash point, aniline point, pour point, cloud point, cetane number, kinematic viscosity and density of methylester of microalgae determined and the properties were compared with the standard values of commercial diesel fuel. Variations were found in properties like kinematic viscosity, aniline point and diesel index. Algal biodiesel was blended in different proportions i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 60% and 80% with diesel fuel and similar petroleum analysis was carried out and the blend suitable with respect to all properties was studied which will be the proper alternative fuel to save the diesel and reduce some percentage of the exhaust gas to be useful to keep the environment neat and clean.
{"title":"Study of Microalgae-based Methylester as an Alternative Fuel for Petro-Diesel","authors":"A. Goswami, G. A. Usmani","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00002.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are appeared to be one of the important sources of renewable biodiesel. The microalgae are obtained from nearest ponds. The algal oil extracted from microalgae by the Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as solvent. The sufficient yield of algal oil was extracted by repeating the number of cycles. The algal methylester known as algal biodiesel was prepared by transesterification process using an alkali catalyst. The petroleum properties like flash point, aniline point, pour point, cloud point, cetane number, kinematic viscosity and density of methylester of microalgae determined and the properties were compared with the standard values of commercial diesel fuel. Variations were found in properties like kinematic viscosity, aniline point and diesel index. Algal biodiesel was blended in different proportions i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 60% and 80% with diesel fuel and similar petroleum analysis was carried out and the blend suitable with respect to all properties was studied which will be the proper alternative fuel to save the diesel and reduce some percentage of the exhaust gas to be useful to keep the environment neat and clean.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126034646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0
L. C. Meher, K. Chandra, N. Sharma, M. Mittal, M. Nasim
In the recent time, Camelina sativa has attracted research interest as feedstock for biofuels. The fatty acid methyl esters from C. sativa oil was prepared and characterised as per the test methods mentioned in EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751–08 and IS 15607: 2005 specifications. The methyl ester content more than 96.5% was achieved in two-step alkali transesterification, and the percentage of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride were within the specified limit. The iodine value is 148 g I2/100 g which is quite above the desired value as per the European specification; likewise, the linolenic acid methyl ester content is quite high. The cetane number was calculated theoretically which is less than the required value. The oxidation stability is poor, whereas the addition of synthetic antioxidant that is pyrogallol at 100 ppm attains the induction period of 8.1 h. The rest fuel parameters are in good agreement with EN 14214: 2008 norm. Except cetane number, the other properties are in agreement with the IS 15607: 2005 specification. In case of American specification, the cetane number is specified to be minimum 47, whereas the theoretical cetane number for Camelina methyl ester is slightly lower. Cetane enhancer may be used for the fuel to qualify the American and Indian specifications.
近年来，亚麻荠作为生物燃料的原料引起了人们的研究兴趣。根据EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751-08和IS 15607: 2005规范中提到的测试方法，从芥花油中制备和表征脂肪酸甲酯。两步碱酯交换制得的甲酯含量大于96.5%，单甘油酯、双甘油酯和甘油三酯的含量均在规定范围内。碘值为148 g /100 g，远远高于欧洲标准的期望值;同样，亚麻酸甲酯的含量也很高。理论上计算的十六烷值小于要求值。氧化稳定性较差，而添加100 ppm的合成抗氧化剂邻苯三酚，诱导期为8.1 h。其余燃料参数符合EN 14214: 2008标准。除十六烷值外，其他性能均符合IS 15607: 2005规范。美国规范规定十六烷值最低为47，而亚麻荠甲酯的理论十六烷值略低。十六烷增强剂可用于燃料，以符合美国和印度的规格。
{"title":"Assessment of Fuel Qualities of Methyl Esters from Camelina sativa Seed Oil for Biofuel Applications","authors":"L. C. Meher, K. Chandra, N. Sharma, M. Mittal, M. Nasim","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00001.0","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent time, Camelina sativa has attracted research interest as feedstock for biofuels. The fatty acid methyl esters from C. sativa oil was prepared and characterised as per the test methods mentioned in EN 14214: 2008, ASTM D 6751–08 and IS 15607: 2005 specifications. The methyl ester content more than 96.5% was achieved in two-step alkali transesterification, and the percentage of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triglyceride were within the specified limit. The iodine value is 148 g I2/100 g which is quite above the desired value as per the European specification; likewise, the linolenic acid methyl ester content is quite high. The cetane number was calculated theoretically which is less than the required value. The oxidation stability is poor, whereas the addition of synthetic antioxidant that is pyrogallol at 100 ppm attains the induction period of 8.1 h. The rest fuel parameters are in good agreement with EN 14214: 2008 norm. Except cetane number, the other properties are in agreement with the IS 15607: 2005 specification. In case of American specification, the cetane number is specified to be minimum 47, whereas the theoretical cetane number for Camelina methyl ester is slightly lower. Cetane enhancer may be used for the fuel to qualify the American and Indian specifications.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00004.0
A. E. Eseyin, P. Steele, C. Pittman, K. Ekpenyong, B. Soni
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at 5, 10, 20 and 30°C min–1 heating rates on cedar wood to determine its weight-loss kinetics. The weight percentage of C in the torrefied samples increased significantly with increase in torrefaction temperature while that of O and H decreased. There was a slight increase in the nitrogen content as the torrefaction temperature increased. Four weight-loss phases were identified on the TGA curve. Percentage weight loss of cedar wood as well as higher heating value HHV increased with increase in temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR analysis indicated the elimination of water and evolution of gases such as CO and CO2. The Friedman's method was used to obtain kinetic parameters. A plot of ln(dα/dt) versus 1/Tshowed a linear relationship with the slope, describing the activation energy values.
{"title":"TGA Torrefaction Kinetics of Cedar Wood","authors":"A. E. Eseyin, P. Steele, C. Pittman, K. Ekpenyong, B. Soni","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00004.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00004.0","url":null,"abstract":"Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at 5, 10, 20 and 30°C min–1 heating rates on cedar wood to determine its weight-loss kinetics. The weight percentage of C in the torrefied samples increased significantly with increase in torrefaction temperature while that of O and H decreased. There was a slight increase in the nitrogen content as the torrefaction temperature increased. Four weight-loss phases were identified on the TGA curve. Percentage weight loss of cedar wood as well as higher heating value HHV increased with increase in temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR analysis indicated the elimination of water and evolution of gases such as CO and CO2. The Friedman's method was used to obtain kinetic parameters. A plot of ln(dα/dt) versus 1/Tshowed a linear relationship with the slope, describing the activation energy values.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00014.4
C. S. Singh, D. Goel, Anshu Singh, V. Singh, Varun Kumar Jha
The energy demand is increasing constantly, it is important to have enough energy resources, so that it would be available to each people. But poor quality energy may trouble the environment, so it is equally important to acquire the good quality of energy. One unit of high-quality energy can be more useful than three units of lower-quality energy. Regularly using these poor quality energies may promote global warming, which may affect the environment badly. Biogas may act as an alternative for the energy calamity and it can be produced by digesting the waste an aerobically, that is in the absence of oxygen and it will produce the mixture of gases with methane in the highest amount of about 60%. Anaerobic digestion not only produces methane in the good amount but also produces liquid residuum that can be used as a fertilizer in the agricultural department. Instead of presuming waste as a waste and using it in a reasonable manner may fill the gaps in the energy crisis.
{"title":"Biogas Generation from Domestic Bio-waste: A Way to Fill Energy Gap","authors":"C. S. Singh, D. Goel, Anshu Singh, V. Singh, Varun Kumar Jha","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00014.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00014.4","url":null,"abstract":"The energy demand is increasing constantly, it is important to have enough energy resources, so that it would be available to each people. But poor quality energy may trouble the environment, so it is equally important to acquire the good quality of energy. One unit of high-quality energy can be more useful than three units of lower-quality energy. Regularly using these poor quality energies may promote global warming, which may affect the environment badly. Biogas may act as an alternative for the energy calamity and it can be produced by digesting the waste an aerobically, that is in the absence of oxygen and it will produce the mixture of gases with methane in the highest amount of about 60%. Anaerobic digestion not only produces methane in the good amount but also produces liquid residuum that can be used as a fertilizer in the agricultural department. Instead of presuming waste as a waste and using it in a reasonable manner may fill the gaps in the energy crisis.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00005.2
Akram A. Khan, R. Usmani
Fossil fuels have a dominant share in current energy supply and their share is likely to be maintained in future. Among the fossil fuels, gasoline a product of crude oil is the most important fuel for transport sector, but on the basis of reserve to production ratio, it is sufficient for only 55 years. The quantitative restrictions because of limited crude oil reserves create a need for an alternative fuel which can be used in place of gasoline. The search for an alternative leads to ethanol. Presently, conventional ethanol produced from food crops has negative effects on food security. But lignocellulosic ethanol (lc-ethanol) is free from these drawbacks. It is produced from the lignocellulosic biomass, which is waste and residual material and do not cause any threat to food security. It offers 70–90% benefit in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and even more than 100% in some cases. However, lc-ethanol technology is currently not commercialised but expectations for its commercialisation are high. Sincere efforts of the government of USA like adoption of new renewable fuel standard, a flow of public funding and tax incentives can pave the way for a breakthrough in near future.
{"title":"Lignocellulosic Ethanol: A Review of Status and Potential","authors":"Akram A. Khan, R. Usmani","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00005.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00005.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuels have a dominant share in current energy supply and their share is likely to be maintained in future. Among the fossil fuels, gasoline a product of crude oil is the most important fuel for transport sector, but on the basis of reserve to production ratio, it is sufficient for only 55 years. The quantitative restrictions because of limited crude oil reserves create a need for an alternative fuel which can be used in place of gasoline. The search for an alternative leads to ethanol. Presently, conventional ethanol produced from food crops has negative effects on food security. But lignocellulosic ethanol (lc-ethanol) is free from these drawbacks. It is produced from the lignocellulosic biomass, which is waste and residual material and do not cause any threat to food security. It offers 70–90% benefit in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and even more than 100% in some cases. However, lc-ethanol technology is currently not commercialised but expectations for its commercialisation are high. Sincere efforts of the government of USA like adoption of new renewable fuel standard, a flow of public funding and tax incentives can pave the way for a breakthrough in near future.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124198740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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