Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.018
A. Pandey, P. Bhargava, A. Mandal
Escalating petroleum prices and alarmingly depleting fossil fuel reserves have brought biofuel to the forefront of energy crisis management plans in many developing countries. Due to stagnating domestic crude oil production, India imports approximately 72 percent of its petroleum requirement. The best alternatives are bio-fuels (nontoxic and biodegradable) and among them, bio-diesel have immense potential to mitigate the current and future energy needs of the country. To meet this challenging and catastrophic situation, Jatropha can act as an environmental friendly alternative feedstock for bio-diesel production. The ‘Jatropha oil’ can be easily processed to partially or fully replace petroleum-based diesel fuel. Thus, the use of this plant for large-scale biodiesel production is of great interest with regard to solving the energy shortage, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, rural employment generation and increasing the income of farmers. For this, vast area should have to be brought under Jatropha plantation with quality planting material particularly in terms of higher yield and oil content of the seeds. With the objective of evaluating the potential and performance of superior accessions of Jatropha under tropical climate, a systematic research has been conducted at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur under the national network programme of National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board. In the study 33 accessions were evaluated for their growth performance (height, collar diameter, no. of branches, fruiting pattern, fruit yield, seed characteristics and oil percentage). The trials were established during 2005 in randomized block design with three replications. Growth data was recorded regularly and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that IGAU-1, TNMC-5 and TFRI-2 accessions are performing better among all other accessions. This study will provide baseline information for planning further Jatropha curcas improvement programmes.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Superior Accessions of Jatropha Curcas in Tropical Climate of Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"A. Pandey, P. Bhargava, A. Mandal","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.018","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating petroleum prices and alarmingly depleting fossil fuel reserves have brought biofuel to the forefront of energy crisis management plans in many developing countries. Due to stagnating domestic crude oil production, India imports approximately 72 percent of its petroleum requirement. The best alternatives are bio-fuels (nontoxic and biodegradable) and among them, bio-diesel have immense potential to mitigate the current and future energy needs of the country. To meet this challenging and catastrophic situation, Jatropha can act as an environmental friendly alternative feedstock for bio-diesel production. The ‘Jatropha oil’ can be easily processed to partially or fully replace petroleum-based diesel fuel. Thus, the use of this plant for large-scale biodiesel production is of great interest with regard to solving the energy shortage, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, rural employment generation and increasing the income of farmers. For this, vast area should have to be brought under Jatropha plantation with quality planting material particularly in terms of higher yield and oil content of the seeds. With the objective of evaluating the potential and performance of superior accessions of Jatropha under tropical climate, a systematic research has been conducted at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur under the national network programme of National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development Board. In the study 33 accessions were evaluated for their growth performance (height, collar diameter, no. of branches, fruiting pattern, fruit yield, seed characteristics and oil percentage). The trials were established during 2005 in randomized block design with three replications. Growth data was recorded regularly and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that IGAU-1, TNMC-5 and TFRI-2 accessions are performing better among all other accessions. This study will provide baseline information for planning further Jatropha curcas improvement programmes.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.004
K. L. Konge, Dinesh Balgude, A. Sabnis
The present study reports the transesterification of soya bean oil with methanol using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst under the influence of simultaneous sonic and mechanical energies. The purpose was to optimise the optimal sonic frequency of ultrasonic reactor and optimal reaction conditions, including the amount of catalyst, the oil/methanol molar ratio was also investigated to achieve highest possible yield of soya bean oil methyl ester (SOME) to act as biodiesel. Experimental results showed that simultaneous sonication and mechanical mixing of soya bean oil with methanol might be a potential alternative route compared with the conventional base catalysed method. High reaction yields of ~96% were obtained at 60% sonic frequency, mild irradiation power of 350 W, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:6, mechanical agitation speed of 200–300 rpm and temperature of 45°C in relatively short reaction time 60 min using 0.2 wt % NaOH. Further, the synthesised SOME was characterised for density, kinematic viscosity, acid number, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, distillation temperature, sulphated ash content, carbon residue and fatty acid composition according to the American standard testing method of analysis (ASTM) to ensure the quality of SOME to act as biodiesel.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterisation of Soya Bean Oil Based Biodiesel under Optimal Sonic Frequency","authors":"K. L. Konge, Dinesh Balgude, A. Sabnis","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports the transesterification of soya bean oil with methanol using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst under the influence of simultaneous sonic and mechanical energies. The purpose was to optimise the optimal sonic frequency of ultrasonic reactor and optimal reaction conditions, including the amount of catalyst, the oil/methanol molar ratio was also investigated to achieve highest possible yield of soya bean oil methyl ester (SOME) to act as biodiesel. Experimental results showed that simultaneous sonication and mechanical mixing of soya bean oil with methanol might be a potential alternative route compared with the conventional base catalysed method. High reaction yields of ~96% were obtained at 60% sonic frequency, mild irradiation power of 350 W, oil to methanol molar ratio of 1:6, mechanical agitation speed of 200–300 rpm and temperature of 45°C in relatively short reaction time 60 min using 0.2 wt % NaOH. Further, the synthesised SOME was characterised for density, kinematic viscosity, acid number, cetane number, calorific value, flash point, distillation temperature, sulphated ash content, carbon residue and fatty acid composition according to the American standard testing method of analysis (ASTM) to ensure the quality of SOME to act as biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127087205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00008.8
W. Aisabor, Y. Lukman, A. Otaru, A. E. Anakhu, S. Otoikhian
Due to the increasing yearn to go environment friendly, keen interest has been placed on biofuels, this leads to further studies and research in biofuels. A search for suitable vegetable/plant oil that can work just as fossil fuels and be ecofriendly was made. Hence, the study of this work investigates the production of biodiesel from non-edible Hevea brasiliensis oil. The process was catalysed by two-step acid base transesterification. Reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature and time were studied. The yield conversion of biodiesel was found to be 50.2% under the optimum conditions of 1.0 wt % NaOH and 6:1 methanol: oil molar ratio at 60°C for a reaction time of 75 min. The kinetic study was carried out at various temperatures. The conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters obeys the pseudo first-order mechanism. The reaction-rate constants and activation energies were determined. The physical and chemical characteristics of H. brasiliensis and biodiesel were determined and compared with standard value.
{"title":"Optimisation and Kinetics of Rubber Seed Oil Biodiesel Production","authors":"W. Aisabor, Y. Lukman, A. Otaru, A. E. Anakhu, S. Otoikhian","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00008.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00008.8","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing yearn to go environment friendly, keen interest has been placed on biofuels, this leads to further studies and research in biofuels. A search for suitable vegetable/plant oil that can work just as fossil fuels and be ecofriendly was made. Hence, the study of this work investigates the production of biodiesel from non-edible Hevea brasiliensis oil. The process was catalysed by two-step acid base transesterification. Reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature and time were studied. The yield conversion of biodiesel was found to be 50.2% under the optimum conditions of 1.0 wt % NaOH and 6:1 methanol: oil molar ratio at 60°C for a reaction time of 75 min. The kinetic study was carried out at various temperatures. The conversion of triglycerides into methyl esters obeys the pseudo first-order mechanism. The reaction-rate constants and activation energies were determined. The physical and chemical characteristics of H. brasiliensis and biodiesel were determined and compared with standard value.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125948171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00011.7
J. Pandian, B. Prabu, M. Pugazhvadivu
In this work, 22 samples of waste frying oils are collected from different Indian facilities and their fatty acid profiles are examined. The samples are then characterised for their properties such as viscosity, density, higher heating value, cetane number, cloud point and iodine value. The results are compared with Turkish waste frying oil samples given in the literature. The relationship between physico-chemical properties and degree of unsaturation/total saturation are verified. From the results it is found that the Indian waste frying oils are more saturated compared to Turkish sources. Four investigations were conducted, which include examination of fatty acid composition and properties of Indian waste frying oils, studying the influence of fatty acid composition on physico-chemical properties, comparison of composition and properties of Indian and Turkish waste frying oils. It is concluded that the Indian waste frying oils are found to be more saturated than Turkish sources.
{"title":"Indian Waste Frying Oils: Influence of Fatty Acid Composition on their Physico-Chemical Properties","authors":"J. Pandian, B. Prabu, M. Pugazhvadivu","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00011.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00011.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, 22 samples of waste frying oils are collected from different Indian facilities and their fatty acid profiles are examined. The samples are then characterised for their properties such as viscosity, density, higher heating value, cetane number, cloud point and iodine value. The results are compared with Turkish waste frying oil samples given in the literature. The relationship between physico-chemical properties and degree of unsaturation/total saturation are verified. From the results it is found that the Indian waste frying oils are more saturated compared to Turkish sources. Four investigations were conducted, which include examination of fatty acid composition and properties of Indian waste frying oils, studying the influence of fatty acid composition on physico-chemical properties, comparison of composition and properties of Indian and Turkish waste frying oils. It is concluded that the Indian waste frying oils are found to be more saturated than Turkish sources.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126102322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00007.0
P. A. K. Reddy
{"title":"Use of Mango Seed Bio-Diesel as a Diesel Fuel Extender for a 4- Stroke CI Engine","authors":"P. A. K. Reddy","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00007.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00007.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126123982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00006.5
Akram A. Khan, Talha Akbar Kamal, Furqan Khan
In India, the demand for energy to meet the growing pace of economic development and to improve human welfare and health is increasing at a very fast rate. To meet this increasing demand for energy, fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) are the predominant sources. In 2014, fossil fuels account for around 92% of the total fuel consumption. The contribution of fossil fuels at this level in the total energy consumption of a country results in the rapid growth in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are likely to be the main reason for the increasing global average temperature since the mid-20th century. This shows that the extensive use of fossil fuel to meet the increasing demand of energy is the prime factor for the problem of climate change. For climate change mitigation without affecting the energy consumption, the use of second-generation biofuels is among the best alternatives, as they are considered as carbon neutral or even carbon negative. This characteristic of second-generation biofuels makes them the most favourite alternative of the fossil fuel. This paper provides an overview of the impacts of climate change caused due to the extensive use of fossil fuel along with capability of second-generation biofuels to mitigate the climate change without affecting the energy supply.
{"title":"Second-Generation Biofuels and Climate Change: an Indian Perspective","authors":"Akram A. Khan, Talha Akbar Kamal, Furqan Khan","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00006.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00006.5","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the demand for energy to meet the growing pace of economic development and to improve human welfare and health is increasing at a very fast rate. To meet this increasing demand for energy, fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) are the predominant sources. In 2014, fossil fuels account for around 92% of the total fuel consumption. The contribution of fossil fuels at this level in the total energy consumption of a country results in the rapid growth in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are likely to be the main reason for the increasing global average temperature since the mid-20th century. This shows that the extensive use of fossil fuel to meet the increasing demand of energy is the prime factor for the problem of climate change. For climate change mitigation without affecting the energy consumption, the use of second-generation biofuels is among the best alternatives, as they are considered as carbon neutral or even carbon negative. This characteristic of second-generation biofuels makes them the most favourite alternative of the fossil fuel. This paper provides an overview of the impacts of climate change caused due to the extensive use of fossil fuel along with capability of second-generation biofuels to mitigate the climate change without affecting the energy supply.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00005.2
M. M. Ahmed, H. S. Pali, Mohammed M. Khan
{"title":"Production of Diesel Engine Fuel using Municipal Solid Waste","authors":"M. M. Ahmed, H. S. Pali, Mohammed M. Khan","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00005.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2021.00005.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"491 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124159649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00003.9
Prateek Upreti, S. Ambwani
Biofuel refers to the production of fuel from organic matter, these fuel have ability to replace conventional fossil fuels and also emit less pollution; hence, they are considered eco-friendly. The term ‘third-generation biofuel’ has only recently entered the mainstream; it refers to biofuel derived from algae. Microalgae can be converted into bioenergy such as biogas, biodiesel and bio oil. Microalgae have broad bioenergy potential as they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels, such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Despite these considerable advantages, microalgal biofuels are not yet commercially sustainable. Major challenges lie in improving both cultivation technologies and microalgal strains. In this review, we focus on understanding characteristics of microalgae and harnessing the third-generation biofuels from microalgae. We review the biomass production from microalgae along with process and importance of biodiesel and bioethnol production. We also take a look at current global trends in the production of biofuels along with its advantages and limitations. We conclude with the future prospects in the production of biofuels throughout the world.
{"title":"A Review of Third-Generation Biofuels from Microalgae","authors":"Prateek Upreti, S. Ambwani","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00003.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00003.9","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuel refers to the production of fuel from organic matter, these fuel have ability to replace conventional fossil fuels and also emit less pollution; hence, they are considered eco-friendly. The term ‘third-generation biofuel’ has only recently entered the mainstream; it refers to biofuel derived from algae. Microalgae can be converted into bioenergy such as biogas, biodiesel and bio oil. Microalgae have broad bioenergy potential as they can be used to produce liquid transportation and heating fuels, such as biodiesel and bioethanol. Despite these considerable advantages, microalgal biofuels are not yet commercially sustainable. Major challenges lie in improving both cultivation technologies and microalgal strains. In this review, we focus on understanding characteristics of microalgae and harnessing the third-generation biofuels from microalgae. We review the biomass production from microalgae along with process and importance of biodiesel and bioethnol production. We also take a look at current global trends in the production of biofuels along with its advantages and limitations. We conclude with the future prospects in the production of biofuels throughout the world.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121704706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.011
P. Jain, R. Singh, S. Sahay
A low-energy-dependent sustainable technique for the preparation of hemicellulose hydrolysate from the wood chip of low input and less care-demanding tree, Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., involving two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis technique followed by fermentation by pentose (PS)-fermenting yeast, Schefferomyces stipitis (NCIM 3507), was standardised. The main parameters optimised were acid concentration and heating period. The maximum sugar yield was obtained by hydrolysis with 10% (v/v) sulphuric acid applying pressure at 120°C for 4 min. The hydrolysate thus obtained and treated (treated hemicellulose acid pre-hydrolysate (THAP) with lime and sodium sulphite, however, could not be fermented with S. stipitis, indicating the presence of inhibitors in intolerable concentration. Though it contained lesser sugars, the hydrolysate obtained with 1% acid and treated as above (THAP) could be easily fermented by yeast. Ethanol yield as a result of fermentation of hydrolysate medium containing 40, 50 and 70% of THAP was 8.47, 6.28 and 5.09 g/l, respectively, after 120 h. This paper highlights the use of woody material, A. excelsa, a fast-growing tree adapted for marginal land, as a source of hemicellulose acid hydrolysate fermentable by S. stipitis by applying modified two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis technique with minimal energy input.
{"title":"Evaluation of a Minimal Energy-Dependent Technique for Preparation of Ailanthus excelsa Hemicellulose Acid Hydrolysate Fermentable by Schefferomyces stipitis","authors":"P. Jain, R. Singh, S. Sahay","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"A low-energy-dependent sustainable technique for the preparation of hemicellulose hydrolysate from the wood chip of low input and less care-demanding tree, Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., involving two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis technique followed by fermentation by pentose (PS)-fermenting yeast, Schefferomyces stipitis (NCIM 3507), was standardised. The main parameters optimised were acid concentration and heating period. The maximum sugar yield was obtained by hydrolysis with 10% (v/v) sulphuric acid applying pressure at 120°C for 4 min. The hydrolysate thus obtained and treated (treated hemicellulose acid pre-hydrolysate (THAP) with lime and sodium sulphite, however, could not be fermented with S. stipitis, indicating the presence of inhibitors in intolerable concentration. Though it contained lesser sugars, the hydrolysate obtained with 1% acid and treated as above (THAP) could be easily fermented by yeast. Ethanol yield as a result of fermentation of hydrolysate medium containing 40, 50 and 70% of THAP was 8.47, 6.28 and 5.09 g/l, respectively, after 120 h. This paper highlights the use of woody material, A. excelsa, a fast-growing tree adapted for marginal land, as a source of hemicellulose acid hydrolysate fermentable by S. stipitis by applying modified two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis technique with minimal energy input.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121744324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.013
Wittison Kamei, I. Singh, M. Sharma, Kalyan Singh, S. K. Singal
Biodiesel has advantages over conventional diesel fuel in terms of lesser pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. It has the capability to partially replace diesel fuel and thereby reduces the dependence on dwindling crude oil resources. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification. It is renewable and can be produced from non-edible oil seeds such as jatropha carcus and pongamia pinnata, which can be grown on wasteland. In this paper, results of a study on performance and mass emissions of an automotive diesel engine using jatropha curcus derived ethyl ester (JEE) blends are reported. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel, teseted as per ASTM methods, were within the standard limits. The mass emissions of NOx showed 4–9% increase with 10–20% JEE blends. PM emission for JEE-20 was almost same as that of diesel. There was no significant change in brake horse power (bhp) of both blends when compared to that of diesel.
{"title":"Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel Blends in an Automotive Diesel Engine","authors":"Wittison Kamei, I. Singh, M. Sharma, Kalyan Singh, S. K. Singal","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel has advantages over conventional diesel fuel in terms of lesser pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. It has the capability to partially replace diesel fuel and thereby reduces the dependence on dwindling crude oil resources. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with little or no modification. It is renewable and can be produced from non-edible oil seeds such as jatropha carcus and pongamia pinnata, which can be grown on wasteland. In this paper, results of a study on performance and mass emissions of an automotive diesel engine using jatropha curcus derived ethyl ester (JEE) blends are reported. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel, teseted as per ASTM methods, were within the standard limits. The mass emissions of NOx showed 4–9% increase with 10–20% JEE blends. PM emission for JEE-20 was almost same as that of diesel. There was no significant change in brake horse power (bhp) of both blends when compared to that of diesel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125692922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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