Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00003.4
Agravante Ira Mae, Jean Seguenza, Christine Bongay
{"title":"Determination of physical and combustion properties of corncobs/rice bran briquettes with cassava and corn starch binder","authors":"Agravante Ira Mae, Jean Seguenza, Christine Bongay","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00003.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00003.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128256299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00004.1
Sangeeta Kanakraj, A. Rehman, S. Dixit
An experimental study on the characteristics of enzymatic degummed linseed methyl ester (EDLME) and Non-degummed linseed methyl ester (NDLME) spray is performed and compared with diesel spray using a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The spray visualisation performance has been investigated on a single-hole nozzle under ambient conditions, and a high-speed camera (photron-SA5 FASTCAM) was used to capture images at a constant fuel injection pressure of 210 bar. This paper also deals with the influence of the EDLME properties on the spray and emission characteristics. On the basis of spray investigation for different diesel blends (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of EDLME and NDLME, fuels showed maximum spray cone angles and least spray penetration for EDLME25 as comparable to that of other blends. It was found that a decrease in spray cone angle is one of the main reasons for the increased NOX emissions.
{"title":"A Spray Pattern and Emission Characterisation of Enzymatic Degummed Linseed Methyl Ester on Diesel Engine","authors":"Sangeeta Kanakraj, A. Rehman, S. Dixit","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00004.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00004.1","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study on the characteristics of enzymatic degummed linseed methyl ester (EDLME) and Non-degummed linseed methyl ester (NDLME) spray is performed and compared with diesel spray using a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The spray visualisation performance has been investigated on a single-hole nozzle under ambient conditions, and a high-speed camera (photron-SA5 FASTCAM) was used to capture images at a constant fuel injection pressure of 210 bar. This paper also deals with the influence of the EDLME properties on the spray and emission characteristics. On the basis of spray investigation for different diesel blends (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of EDLME and NDLME, fuels showed maximum spray cone angles and least spray penetration for EDLME25 as comparable to that of other blends. It was found that a decrease in spray cone angle is one of the main reasons for the increased NOX emissions.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129882040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.024
A. Pandey, P. Bhargava, D. Sharma, N. Gupta
India is one of the fastest growing petroleum oil consumers in the world. With the growing rate of energy consumption, and that India has only 700 million tonnes of economic reserves of crude oil left, need to reduce dependence on imports and search for better alternatives has become indispensable. The best alternatives are biofuels (biodiesel) extracted from non edible vegetable oil. Jatropha curcas has been found most promising for this purpose due to the use of its seed oil as biodiesel and other favorable attributes like hardy nature, short gestation period, adaptability in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions etc. To reduce dependence on crude oil and to achieve energy independence by the year 2012, Jatropha has been promoted under the National Biodiesel Mission in India. Recently National Biofuel Policy (Dec 2009) calls for blending at least 20 percent biofuels in diesel and petrol by 2017, apart from extending incentives to encourage its production in wastelands. Keeping above facts into consideration, a study has been conducted in 2005–06 by Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, seed characteristics and oil content in different accessions of Jatropha curcas under tropical climate of Madhya Pradesh. The trials were established in randomized block design with three replications. Growth data was recorded regularly and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that TNMC-22, TFRI-1, TFRI-2, IGAU-1 and IGAU-2 accessions are performing better among all other accessions. This study will be helpful in the identification of potential Jatropha accessions ideally suited for biodiesel plantation programmes in central India.
{"title":"Growth Parameters, Seed Characteristics and Oil Content Evaluation in different Accesions of Jatropha Curcas in Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"A. Pandey, P. Bhargava, D. Sharma, N. Gupta","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.024","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the fastest growing petroleum oil consumers in the world. With the growing rate of energy consumption, and that India has only 700 million tonnes of economic reserves of crude oil left, need to reduce dependence on imports and search for better alternatives has become indispensable. The best alternatives are biofuels (biodiesel) extracted from non edible vegetable oil. Jatropha curcas has been found most promising for this purpose due to the use of its seed oil as biodiesel and other favorable attributes like hardy nature, short gestation period, adaptability in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions etc. To reduce dependence on crude oil and to achieve energy independence by the year 2012, Jatropha has been promoted under the National Biodiesel Mission in India. Recently National Biofuel Policy (Dec 2009) calls for blending at least 20 percent biofuels in diesel and petrol by 2017, apart from extending incentives to encourage its production in wastelands. Keeping above facts into consideration, a study has been conducted in 2005–06 by Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, seed characteristics and oil content in different accessions of Jatropha curcas under tropical climate of Madhya Pradesh. The trials were established in randomized block design with three replications. Growth data was recorded regularly and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that TNMC-22, TFRI-1, TFRI-2, IGAU-1 and IGAU-2 accessions are performing better among all other accessions. This study will be helpful in the identification of potential Jatropha accessions ideally suited for biodiesel plantation programmes in central India.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130677479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.002
I. F. Titiladunayo, O. P. Fapetu, J. Fabiyi
The influence of temperature on the yield and properties of pyroligneous oil produced from three tropical biomass {Apa wood (Afzelia africana), Iroko wood (Melicia excelsa) and palm kernel (Elais guineensis) shells} were investigated at 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800°C in an in-house fabricated fixed-bed reactor. The syngas and pyroligneous oil namely: pyrolysis oil and tar were studied. The biomass species and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence the oil yield (p<0.05). The chemical compositions of the pyrolysis oil were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the spectra showed the presence of ketonic (acid) and olefinic compounds. The ketonic acid is responsible for the high acidic nature of the oil. Density of the pyrolysis oil obtained from Apa, Iroko and PKS are not temperature and biomass source dependent.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Pyroligneous Oil from Selected Tropical Woody Biomass in a Fixed-Bed Reactor","authors":"I. F. Titiladunayo, O. P. Fapetu, J. Fabiyi","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of temperature on the yield and properties of pyroligneous oil produced from three tropical biomass {Apa wood (Afzelia africana), Iroko wood (Melicia excelsa) and palm kernel (Elais guineensis) shells} were investigated at 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800°C in an in-house fabricated fixed-bed reactor. The syngas and pyroligneous oil namely: pyrolysis oil and tar were studied. The biomass species and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence the oil yield (p<0.05). The chemical compositions of the pyrolysis oil were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the spectra showed the presence of ketonic (acid) and olefinic compounds. The ketonic acid is responsible for the high acidic nature of the oil. Density of the pyrolysis oil obtained from Apa, Iroko and PKS are not temperature and biomass source dependent.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134631207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00006.3
Yahaya Alhassan, R. Gautam, Naveen Kumar, I. Bugaje
Biodiesel production via supercritical technology has been reported as a novel technology for transesterification of different vegetable oils. However, foods waste materials containing oil and other lingo-cellulosic materials such as waste orange peels have not been widely reported. In this experimental research, direct in-situ supercritical transesterification of waste orange peels into biodiesel was conducted. The reaction conditions for optimal biodiesel yield were determined using response surface Methodology (RSM). Finding from the results revealed that the optimal conversion obtained was 58.95%against 60.77%predicted obtained under the following reaction conditions-reactant molar ratio of 5/70, reaction time was 15 minutes while reaction temperature was 260°C. Temperature was the most significant factor. Predominant fatty acids identified include oleic and stearic acids with highly unsaturated acids identified as well. Fuels properties were within the standard limits except in few cases. It was concluded that supercritical transesterification of fresh Citrus Peel Waste CPW was viable for the production of biodiesel under the conditions stated.
{"title":"Non-Catalytic In-Situ transesterification of Citrus Peel Waste into Biodiesel via Supercritical Technology: Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, R. Gautam, Naveen Kumar, I. Bugaje","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00006.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00006.3","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel production via supercritical technology has been reported as a novel technology for transesterification of different vegetable oils. However, foods waste materials containing oil and other lingo-cellulosic materials such as waste orange peels have not been widely reported. In this experimental research, direct in-situ supercritical transesterification of waste orange peels into biodiesel was conducted. The reaction conditions for optimal biodiesel yield were determined using response surface Methodology (RSM). Finding from the results revealed that the optimal conversion obtained was 58.95%against 60.77%predicted obtained under the following reaction conditions-reactant molar ratio of 5/70, reaction time was 15 minutes while reaction temperature was 260°C. Temperature was the most significant factor. Predominant fatty acids identified include oleic and stearic acids with highly unsaturated acids identified as well. Fuels properties were within the standard limits except in few cases. It was concluded that supercritical transesterification of fresh Citrus Peel Waste CPW was viable for the production of biodiesel under the conditions stated.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131031212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00009.5
S. Raj, Meena Bhandari
{"title":"Comparison of Methods of Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas","authors":"S. Raj, Meena Bhandari","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00009.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00009.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133409928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00010.1
Ripandeep Singh, D. Asha, Amit Singh
{"title":"Utilisation of By-product of Mahua Fruit (Madhuca indica) for Energy Purposes","authors":"Ripandeep Singh, D. Asha, Amit Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00010.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00010.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114298184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00011.4
Parvesh Kumar, P. Srinivasulu, Sidharth
{"title":"Effect of Using Waste Plastic Oil on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Unmodified Constant Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine","authors":"Parvesh Kumar, P. Srinivasulu, Sidharth","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00011.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00011.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116458842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.012
Sangita Banga, P. Varshney, Naveen Kumar
In present scenario, biodiesel has been accepted as clean alternative fuel by most of the developed and developing countries. Biodiesel meets most of chemical/physical standard of petro-diesel. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel once produced contains several impurities such as soap and glycerin. The free fatty acids in the oil react with the sodium or potassium catalyst to form soaps. The performance of the biodiesel depends heavily on the purity of the final product and the complete absence of particulates or contaminants and thus must be eliminated from the product. Traditionally, the elimination of the water-soluble portion of these materials is usually accomplished by wet washing the biodiesel. However, with this method, the water insoluble impurities remain in the biodiesel. The purpose of this work is to compare the efficiency of different adsorbents, Amberlite BD10 DRY and Purolite PD 206 in the purification of biodiesel.
{"title":"Biodiesel Purification Using Organic Adsorbents: A Preliminary Study","authors":"Sangita Banga, P. Varshney, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"In present scenario, biodiesel has been accepted as clean alternative fuel by most of the developed and developing countries. Biodiesel meets most of chemical/physical standard of petro-diesel. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel once produced contains several impurities such as soap and glycerin. The free fatty acids in the oil react with the sodium or potassium catalyst to form soaps. The performance of the biodiesel depends heavily on the purity of the final product and the complete absence of particulates or contaminants and thus must be eliminated from the product. Traditionally, the elimination of the water-soluble portion of these materials is usually accomplished by wet washing the biodiesel. However, with this method, the water insoluble impurities remain in the biodiesel. The purpose of this work is to compare the efficiency of different adsorbents, Amberlite BD10 DRY and Purolite PD 206 in the purification of biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114700514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00011.2
D. Hassan, S. Maikano, Raplong Helen Hoomsuk, Asanato Judy Issac, I. Bugaje
Over the years, managing agricultural wastes after harvest in developing countries like Nigeria has been a major challenge and continues to generate environmental concerns. To address the concerns, these agricultural wastes in the form of lignocellulosic biomass are burned. This approach, in turn, had led to a greater environmental interest as emission of green house gases to the atmosphere is increased. The attendant implications of this are significant contribution to ozone layer depletion and elimination of soil microflora present. Interestingly, these wastes are potential precursors for biofuel production. This study was undertaken to investigate the reducing sugar (RS) yields of two lignocellulosic biomass wastes (corn stalk and corn cob) as biofuel precursors. The findings of the study showed that the optimal RS yields as product of hydrolysis using Aspergillus niger isolated from soil after 72 h of hydrolysis were 2.9 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml for corn cob and corn stalk, respectively.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Reducing Sugar Yields Produced from Corn Cob and Corn Stalk Hydrolysis using Aspergillus Niger","authors":"D. Hassan, S. Maikano, Raplong Helen Hoomsuk, Asanato Judy Issac, I. Bugaje","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00011.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00011.2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, managing agricultural wastes after harvest in developing countries like Nigeria has been a major challenge and continues to generate environmental concerns. To address the concerns, these agricultural wastes in the form of lignocellulosic biomass are burned. This approach, in turn, had led to a greater environmental interest as emission of green house gases to the atmosphere is increased. The attendant implications of this are significant contribution to ozone layer depletion and elimination of soil microflora present. Interestingly, these wastes are potential precursors for biofuel production. This study was undertaken to investigate the reducing sugar (RS) yields of two lignocellulosic biomass wastes (corn stalk and corn cob) as biofuel precursors. The findings of the study showed that the optimal RS yields as product of hydrolysis using Aspergillus niger isolated from soil after 72 h of hydrolysis were 2.9 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml for corn cob and corn stalk, respectively.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132277087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}