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Determination of physical and combustion properties of corncobs/rice bran briquettes with cassava and corn starch binder 以木薯和玉米淀粉为粘结剂的玉米芯/米糠型块物理和燃烧性能的测定
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00003.4
Agravante Ira Mae, Jean Seguenza, Christine Bongay
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引用次数: 0
A Spray Pattern and Emission Characterisation of Enzymatic Degummed Linseed Methyl Ester on Diesel Engine 酶法脱胶亚麻籽甲酯在柴油机上的喷淋方式及排放特性研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00004.1
Sangeeta Kanakraj, A. Rehman, S. Dixit
An experimental study on the characteristics of enzymatic degummed linseed methyl ester (EDLME) and Non-degummed linseed methyl ester (NDLME) spray is performed and compared with diesel spray using a single-cylinder compression ignition engine. The spray visualisation performance has been investigated on a single-hole nozzle under ambient conditions, and a high-speed camera (photron-SA5 FASTCAM) was used to capture images at a constant fuel injection pressure of 210 bar. This paper also deals with the influence of the EDLME properties on the spray and emission characteristics. On the basis of spray investigation for different diesel blends (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of EDLME and NDLME, fuels showed maximum spray cone angles and least spray penetration for EDLME25 as comparable to that of other blends. It was found that a decrease in spray cone angle is one of the main reasons for the increased NOX emissions.
在单缸压缩点火发动机上,对酶促脱胶亚麻籽甲酯(EDLME)和非脱胶亚麻籽甲酯(NDLME)喷雾的特性进行了实验研究,并与柴油喷雾进行了比较。在环境条件下,研究了单孔喷嘴的喷雾可视化性能,并使用高速摄像机(photon - sa5 FASTCAM)在210 bar的恒定燃油喷射压力下捕获图像。本文还讨论了EDLME性能对喷射和发射特性的影响。通过对EDLME和NDLME不同混合物(25%、50%、75%和100%)的喷雾试验,EDLME25的喷雾锥角最大,喷雾穿透度最小,与其他混合物相当。结果表明,喷淋锥角减小是导致NOX排放量增加的主要原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Parameters, Seed Characteristics and Oil Content Evaluation in different Accesions of Jatropha Curcas in Madhya Pradesh, India 印度中央邦麻疯树不同种质的生长参数、种子特性及含油量评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.024
A. Pandey, P. Bhargava, D. Sharma, N. Gupta
India is one of the fastest growing petroleum oil consumers in the world. With the growing rate of energy consumption, and that India has only 700 million tonnes of economic reserves of crude oil left, need to reduce dependence on imports and search for better alternatives has become indispensable. The best alternatives are biofuels (biodiesel) extracted from non edible vegetable oil. Jatropha curcas has been found most promising for this purpose due to the use of its seed oil as biodiesel and other favorable attributes like hardy nature, short gestation period, adaptability in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions etc. To reduce dependence on crude oil and to achieve energy independence by the year 2012, Jatropha has been promoted under the National Biodiesel Mission in India. Recently National Biofuel Policy (Dec 2009) calls for blending at least 20 percent biofuels in diesel and petrol by 2017, apart from extending incentives to encourage its production in wastelands. Keeping above facts into consideration, a study has been conducted in 2005–06 by Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur. The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth characteristics, seed characteristics and oil content in different accessions of Jatropha curcas under tropical climate of Madhya Pradesh. The trials were established in randomized block design with three replications. Growth data was recorded regularly and statistically analyzed. The study revealed that TNMC-22, TFRI-1, TFRI-2, IGAU-1 and IGAU-2 accessions are performing better among all other accessions. This study will be helpful in the identification of potential Jatropha accessions ideally suited for biodiesel plantation programmes in central India.
印度是世界上增长最快的石油消费国之一。随着能源消费的增长速度,以及印度仅剩7亿吨的经济原油储备,减少对进口的依赖和寻找更好的替代品已成为必不可少的需要。最好的替代品是从不可食用的植物油中提取的生物燃料(生物柴油)。麻疯树由于其种子油可用作生物柴油,以及其耐寒、妊娠期短、适应广泛的农业气候条件等优点,被认为最有希望用于这一目的。为了减少对原油的依赖,并在2012年之前实现能源独立,印度国家生物柴油计划推动了麻疯树的发展。最近,国家生物燃料政策(2009年12月)要求到2017年,在柴油和汽油中混合至少20%的生物燃料,此外还扩大了鼓励在荒地生产生物燃料的激励措施。考虑到上述事实,Jabalpur热带森林研究所于2005 - 2006年进行了一项研究。研究了中邦热带气候条件下不同麻疯树种质的生长特性、种子特性和含油量。试验采用随机区组设计,3个重复。定期记录生长数据并进行统计分析。结果表明,TNMC-22、tri -1、tri -2、IGAU-1和IGAU-2在所有菌株中表现较好。这项研究将有助于确定适合印度中部生物柴油种植计划的潜在麻疯树材料。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Temperature on the Pyroligneous Oil from Selected Tropical Woody Biomass in a Fixed-Bed Reactor 固定床反应器中温度对热带木质生物质热解油的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.002
I. F. Titiladunayo, O. P. Fapetu, J. Fabiyi
The influence of temperature on the yield and properties of pyroligneous oil produced from three tropical biomass {Apa wood (Afzelia africana), Iroko wood (Melicia excelsa) and palm kernel (Elais guineensis) shells} were investigated at 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800°C in an in-house fabricated fixed-bed reactor. The syngas and pyroligneous oil namely: pyrolysis oil and tar were studied. The biomass species and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence the oil yield (p<0.05). The chemical compositions of the pyrolysis oil were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the spectra showed the presence of ketonic (acid) and olefinic compounds. The ketonic acid is responsible for the high acidic nature of the oil. Density of the pyrolysis oil obtained from Apa, Iroko and PKS are not temperature and biomass source dependent.
在室内制造的固定床反应器中,在400、500、600、700和800°C的温度下,研究了温度对三种热带生物质(阿帕木(Afzelia africana)、Iroko木(Melicia excelsa)和棕榈仁(Elais guineensis)壳)生产的热解油的产量和性质的影响。对合成气和热解油即热解油和焦油进行了研究。生物质种类和热解温度对油脂得率有显著影响(p<0.05)。利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)对热解油的化学成分进行了表征,发现热解油中存在酮(酸)和烯烃类化合物。酮酸是油的高酸性的原因。Apa、Iroko和PKS热解油的密度与温度和生物质来源无关。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Catalytic In-Situ transesterification of Citrus Peel Waste into Biodiesel via Supercritical Technology: Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology 柑桔皮废弃物非催化原位酯交换制备生物柴油:响应面法优化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00006.3
Yahaya Alhassan, R. Gautam, Naveen Kumar, I. Bugaje
Biodiesel production via supercritical technology has been reported as a novel technology for transesterification of different vegetable oils. However, foods waste materials containing oil and other lingo-cellulosic materials such as waste orange peels have not been widely reported. In this experimental research, direct in-situ supercritical transesterification of waste orange peels into biodiesel was conducted. The reaction conditions for optimal biodiesel yield were determined using response surface Methodology (RSM). Finding from the results revealed that the optimal conversion obtained was 58.95%against 60.77%predicted obtained under the following reaction conditions-reactant molar ratio of 5/70, reaction time was 15 minutes while reaction temperature was 260°C. Temperature was the most significant factor. Predominant fatty acids identified include oleic and stearic acids with highly unsaturated acids identified as well. Fuels properties were within the standard limits except in few cases. It was concluded that supercritical transesterification of fresh Citrus Peel Waste CPW was viable for the production of biodiesel under the conditions stated.
超临界生物柴油是一种以不同植物油为原料进行酯交换反应的新技术。然而,含油的食物废料和其他纤维素材料,如废橘子皮,尚未被广泛报道。在本实验研究中,对废橘子皮进行了直接原位超临界酯交换制备生物柴油。采用响应面法(RSM)确定了最佳生物柴油产率的反应条件。结果表明,在料摩尔比为5/70,反应时间为15 min,反应温度为260℃的条件下,最佳转化率为58.95%,而预期转化率为60.77%。温度是最重要的因素。鉴定的主要脂肪酸包括油酸和硬脂酸,以及鉴定的高度不饱和酸。除少数情况外,燃料性能均在标准范围内。结果表明,在上述条件下,新鲜柑橘皮废渣超临界酯交换制备生物柴油是可行的。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of Methods of Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas 麻疯树制备生物柴油方法的比较
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00009.5
S. Raj, Meena Bhandari
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引用次数: 1
Utilisation of By-product of Mahua Fruit (Madhuca indica) for Energy Purposes 麻花果(madhua indica)副产品能源利用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00010.1
Ripandeep Singh, D. Asha, Amit Singh
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Using Waste Plastic Oil on the Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Unmodified Constant Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engine 使用废塑料油对未改性恒速直喷柴油机性能及排放特性的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00011.4
Parvesh Kumar, P. Srinivasulu, Sidharth
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引用次数: 0
Biodiesel Purification Using Organic Adsorbents: A Preliminary Study 有机吸附剂净化生物柴油的初步研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-4763.3.2.012
Sangita Banga, P. Varshney, Naveen Kumar
In present scenario, biodiesel has been accepted as clean alternative fuel by most of the developed and developing countries. Biodiesel meets most of chemical/physical standard of petro-diesel. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel once produced contains several impurities such as soap and glycerin. The free fatty acids in the oil react with the sodium or potassium catalyst to form soaps. The performance of the biodiesel depends heavily on the purity of the final product and the complete absence of particulates or contaminants and thus must be eliminated from the product. Traditionally, the elimination of the water-soluble portion of these materials is usually accomplished by wet washing the biodiesel. However, with this method, the water insoluble impurities remain in the biodiesel. The purpose of this work is to compare the efficiency of different adsorbents, Amberlite BD10 DRY and Purolite PD 206 in the purification of biodiesel.
在目前的情况下,生物柴油已被大多数发达国家和发展中国家接受为清洁的替代燃料。生物柴油符合石油柴油的大部分化学/物理标准。作为一种替代燃料,曾经生产的生物柴油含有几种杂质,如肥皂和甘油。油中的游离脂肪酸与钠或钾催化剂反应形成肥皂。生物柴油的性能在很大程度上取决于最终产品的纯度和完全没有颗粒或污染物,因此必须从产品中消除。传统上,消除这些材料的水溶性部分通常是通过湿洗生物柴油来完成的。然而,用这种方法,水不溶性杂质留在生物柴油中。本研究的目的是比较不同吸附剂Amberlite BD10 DRY和Purolite PD 206对生物柴油的净化效果。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Evaluation of Reducing Sugar Yields Produced from Corn Cob and Corn Stalk Hydrolysis using Aspergillus Niger 用黑曲霉水解玉米芯和玉米秸秆生产还原糖产量的比较评价
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00011.2
D. Hassan, S. Maikano, Raplong Helen Hoomsuk, Asanato Judy Issac, I. Bugaje
Over the years, managing agricultural wastes after harvest in developing countries like Nigeria has been a major challenge and continues to generate environmental concerns. To address the concerns, these agricultural wastes in the form of lignocellulosic biomass are burned. This approach, in turn, had led to a greater environmental interest as emission of green house gases to the atmosphere is increased. The attendant implications of this are significant contribution to ozone layer depletion and elimination of soil microflora present. Interestingly, these wastes are potential precursors for biofuel production. This study was undertaken to investigate the reducing sugar (RS) yields of two lignocellulosic biomass wastes (corn stalk and corn cob) as biofuel precursors. The findings of the study showed that the optimal RS yields as product of hydrolysis using Aspergillus niger isolated from soil after 72 h of hydrolysis were 2.9 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml for corn cob and corn stalk, respectively.
多年来,在尼日利亚等发展中国家,收获后的农业废弃物管理一直是一项重大挑战,并继续引发环境问题。为了解决这些问题,这些以木质纤维素生物质形式存在的农业废弃物被焚烧。随着温室气体排放到大气中的量增加,这种做法反过来又引起了对环境的更大关注。随之而来的影响是对臭氧层消耗和现有土壤微生物群消除的重大贡献。有趣的是,这些废物是生物燃料生产的潜在前体。本研究旨在研究两种木质纤维素生物质废弃物(玉米秸秆和玉米芯)作为生物燃料前体的还原糖(RS)产量。研究结果表明,从土壤中分离的黑曲霉水解72 h后,玉米芯和玉米秸秆的最佳RS产率分别为2.9 mg/ml和3.0 mg/ml。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Biofuels
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