The hydrogen producing ability of a purple non-sulphur phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus KU002, isolated from tannery effluents, was studied by immobilising it with alginate. Alginate immobilisation promoted the production of higher amounts of hydrogen when incubated for 120 h in lactate, malate and mannitol containing medium at pH 7.0 ± 0.2. Rb. capsulatus opted L-cystine as the nitrogen source for maximum hydrogen production. L-cystine, at a concentration of 0.35 g/L, caused an enhancement under anaerobic light conditions. The highest average value of hydrogen produced in vials for the whole period of measurements after nitrogen limitation with L-cystine was 147.4 ml/L/day. Hydrogen production rates observed in this study were 6.14 ml/L/h. The results of the investigation are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Photoproduction of Hydrogen by Alginate Immobilised Cultures of Rhodobacter capsulatus KU002 Isolated from Tannery Effluents","authors":"Ramchander Merugu, Vasantha Mittapelli, Pratap Rudra Manthur Padigya, Girisham Sivadevuni, Reddy Solipuram Madhusudhan","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrogen producing ability of a purple non-sulphur phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus KU002, isolated from tannery effluents, was studied by immobilising it with alginate. Alginate immobilisation promoted the production of higher amounts of hydrogen when incubated for 120 h in lactate, malate and mannitol containing medium at pH 7.0 ± 0.2. Rb. capsulatus opted L-cystine as the nitrogen source for maximum hydrogen production. L-cystine, at a concentration of 0.35 g/L, caused an enhancement under anaerobic light conditions. The highest average value of hydrogen produced in vials for the whole period of measurements after nitrogen limitation with L-cystine was 147.4 ml/L/day. Hydrogen production rates observed in this study were 6.14 ml/L/h. The results of the investigation are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133163118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.010
R. Reddy, Sharanappa Godiganur
The high viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. Biodiesel is recognized as a clean alternative fuel or as a fuel additive to reduce pollutant emissions from combustion equipment. Because cultivated land is too limited to grow seed- oil plants sufficient to produce both food and biodiesel, non-landbased oleaginous materials have been considered important sources for the production of the latter. In this study, fish-oil biodiesel blends are used as fuel. Marine fish oil was extracted from the discarded parts of mixed marine fish and refined. The refined marine fish oil was then transesterified with methyl alcohol to produce biodiesel, which was used thereafter as engine fuel to investigate its engine performance and emission characteristics. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out on a single-cylinder, four stroke, direct-injection, CI engine operated with methyl ester of fish-oil. The volumetric blending ratios of biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel were set at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, HC and NOx) were measured. The maximum thermal efficiency for B20 (32.28%) was higher than that of diesel at rated load. The experimental results show that the engine performance are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amount of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel.
{"title":"Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Compression Ignition Engine Operated on Marine Fish- Oil Biodiesel","authors":"R. Reddy, Sharanappa Godiganur","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"The high viscosity of vegetable oils leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. Biodiesel is recognized as a clean alternative fuel or as a fuel additive to reduce pollutant emissions from combustion equipment. Because cultivated land is too limited to grow seed- oil plants sufficient to produce both food and biodiesel, non-landbased oleaginous materials have been considered important sources for the production of the latter. In this study, fish-oil biodiesel blends are used as fuel. Marine fish oil was extracted from the discarded parts of mixed marine fish and refined. The refined marine fish oil was then transesterified with methyl alcohol to produce biodiesel, which was used thereafter as engine fuel to investigate its engine performance and emission characteristics. This paper presents the results of investigations carried out on a single-cylinder, four stroke, direct-injection, CI engine operated with methyl ester of fish-oil. The volumetric blending ratios of biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel were set at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100. Engine performance (brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature) and emissions (CO, HC and NOx) were measured. The maximum thermal efficiency for B20 (32.28%) was higher than that of diesel at rated load. The experimental results show that the engine performance are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amount of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.030
N. Verma
As concern about global warming and dependence on fossil fuels grows, the search for renewable energy sources that reduce CO2 emissions becomes a matter of widespread attention. To reduce the net contribution of GHGs to the atmosphere, ethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Production of ethanol from biomass (bioethanol) is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental degradation. It is biodegradable, low in toxicity and causes little environmental pollution if spilt. Bioethanol has higher octane number, broader flammability limit, higher flame speed and higher heat of vaporization than gasoline. These properties allow for a higher compression ratio, shorter burn time and leaner burn engine, which lead to theoretical efficiency advantages over gasoline in an internal combustion engine. Bioethanol currently accounts for more than 94% of global biofuel production. Lignocellulosic biomass is envisaged to provide a significant portion of the feedstocks for bioethanol production in the medium and long form due to their low cost and high availability. Successful utilization of cellulosic materials as renewable resources is dependent on the development of economically feasible process technologies for cellulase production. Cellulase plays a vital role in the production of bioetanol from biomass. Hydrolysis of biomass is usually carried out by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and the sequential process called Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation process (SSF). Cellulase production is the most expensive step during ethanol production from cellulosic biomass, and accountes for approximately 40% of the total cost. Significant cost reduction is required in order to enhance the commercial viability of cellulase production technology. Therefore, efforts are to be intensified to produce ethanol efficiently through improved fermentation technologies. Reduction in the cost of cellulases can be achieved by use of cheaper raw materials and economically viable fermentation strategies. Any strategies which can bring down the production cost of cellulases, can significantly reduce the cost of bioethanol. In the present paper, bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes and their cost reduction strategies are highlighted.
{"title":"Bioethanol from Biomass: A Review","authors":"N. Verma","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.1.2.030","url":null,"abstract":"As concern about global warming and dependence on fossil fuels grows, the search for renewable energy sources that reduce CO2 emissions becomes a matter of widespread attention. To reduce the net contribution of GHGs to the atmosphere, ethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Production of ethanol from biomass (bioethanol) is one way to reduce both consumption of crude oil and environmental degradation. It is biodegradable, low in toxicity and causes little environmental pollution if spilt. Bioethanol has higher octane number, broader flammability limit, higher flame speed and higher heat of vaporization than gasoline. These properties allow for a higher compression ratio, shorter burn time and leaner burn engine, which lead to theoretical efficiency advantages over gasoline in an internal combustion engine. Bioethanol currently accounts for more than 94% of global biofuel production. Lignocellulosic biomass is envisaged to provide a significant portion of the feedstocks for bioethanol production in the medium and long form due to their low cost and high availability. Successful utilization of cellulosic materials as renewable resources is dependent on the development of economically feasible process technologies for cellulase production. Cellulase plays a vital role in the production of bioetanol from biomass. Hydrolysis of biomass is usually carried out by the action of cellulolytic enzymes and the sequential process called Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation process (SSF). Cellulase production is the most expensive step during ethanol production from cellulosic biomass, and accountes for approximately 40% of the total cost. Significant cost reduction is required in order to enhance the commercial viability of cellulase production technology. Therefore, efforts are to be intensified to produce ethanol efficiently through improved fermentation technologies. Reduction in the cost of cellulases can be achieved by use of cheaper raw materials and economically viable fermentation strategies. Any strategies which can bring down the production cost of cellulases, can significantly reduce the cost of bioethanol. In the present paper, bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes and their cost reduction strategies are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"30 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114754123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00012.9
Suwa Lal Jangu, B. Meena
Since the beginning of civilisation, humans have depended on organic materials – or “biomass” – for cooking and heat. Many developing countries in Asia and Africa still do. Biofuels may be one of the dumber of the grand and a well-intentioned idea of 21st century. Using waste biomass to produce energy can reduce the use of fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce pollution and waste management problems. One of the main justifications for the development of biofuels is the environmental benefits that result from the displacement of fossil fuels. At present, the most efficient production of ethanol is based on dedicated food crops, but nowadays, biofuels are produced from non-food-crops and non-edible oil plants like biomass waste materials, Jatropha, etc. At the same time, these dedicated ethanol crops likely have the greatest impact on food supply and demand systems. The research and technological developments are day-to-day improving and becoming applicable for biofuel production from such biomass that is not for human consumption. But there are many negative environmental consequences from the production of biofuels. Governmental and non-governmental policies of biofuel development are totally business oriented. From technology developers to energy crop producers all are more economical and less environmental. Moreover, biofules have also links with social aspects as food security, food prices, resources, etc.
{"title":"Biofuel Development in India: Prospects and Problems","authors":"Suwa Lal Jangu, B. Meena","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00012.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2014.00012.9","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of civilisation, humans have depended on organic materials – or “biomass” – for cooking and heat. Many developing countries in Asia and Africa still do. Biofuels may be one of the dumber of the grand and a well-intentioned idea of 21st century. Using waste biomass to produce energy can reduce the use of fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce pollution and waste management problems. One of the main justifications for the development of biofuels is the environmental benefits that result from the displacement of fossil fuels. At present, the most efficient production of ethanol is based on dedicated food crops, but nowadays, biofuels are produced from non-food-crops and non-edible oil plants like biomass waste materials, Jatropha, etc. At the same time, these dedicated ethanol crops likely have the greatest impact on food supply and demand systems. The research and technological developments are day-to-day improving and becoming applicable for biofuel production from such biomass that is not for human consumption. But there are many negative environmental consequences from the production of biofuels. Governmental and non-governmental policies of biofuel development are totally business oriented. From technology developers to energy crop producers all are more economical and less environmental. Moreover, biofules have also links with social aspects as food security, food prices, resources, etc.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00004.6
Meetu Singh, Amit Sarin, N. Sharma
{"title":"Influence of Methyl Palmitate and Methyl Oleate Blending on Oxidation Stability of Jatropha Biodiesel","authors":"Meetu Singh, Amit Sarin, N. Sharma","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00004.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2017.00004.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121922482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00009.4
V. Saxena
{"title":"A Study on Enhancement of the Oxidation Stability and Wear Behavior of Edible & Non-Edible Oil Methyl Esters using Partial Hydrogenation Method","authors":"V. Saxena","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00009.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2020.00009.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121982848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00005.8
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Mujtaba Ahmed, Amit Kumar, S. Singh
{"title":"Feasibility of Hexanol as a CI Engine Fuel on Engine Combustion and Performance","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Mujtaba Ahmed, Amit Kumar, S. Singh","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00005.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2022.00005.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122012819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.006
R. C. Singh, R. Chaudhary, R. Pandey, S. Maji, A. Babbar, B. Chauhan, R. Gautam, C. Mishra
An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the performance of a single cylinder air cooled diesel engine fuelled with neem oil-diesel blend (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume) and the results are compared with baseline data of diesel. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine with 5% neem oil blend was found to be marginally higher than neat diesel operation at all loads indicating better combustion due to dissolved oxygen. However, with further increase in percentage of neem oil, brake thermal efficiency of the engine reduced significantly at higher loads possibly due to increased viscosity of the fuel impinging proper combustion. Brake specific energy consumption happen to be the lowest for 5% neem oil blend at all loads, however with subsequent increase in percentage of neem oil, full load brake specific energy consumption became lower at part loads and higher at full loads as compared to neat diesel operation. Smoke opacity of 5% blend was comparable to baseline data of diesel, but it increased substantially at higher blends. With increase in percentage of neem oil in the test fuel sample the exhaust temperature showed a downward turn reflecting a comparatively improved nitrogen oxides emission tendency and reduced thermal loads. Based on this experimental study, it is envisaged that in rural/agriculture sector of India where neem oil can be available at economical cost, 5% neem oil blend may be a good substitute for mineral diesel which in turn can save considerable amount of forex outflow for equivalent crude oil import.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of an Air Cooled Diesel Engine Fuelled with Neat Neem Oil and Diesel Blends","authors":"R. C. Singh, R. Chaudhary, R. Pandey, S. Maji, A. Babbar, B. Chauhan, R. Gautam, C. Mishra","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the performance of a single cylinder air cooled diesel engine fuelled with neem oil-diesel blend (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume) and the results are compared with baseline data of diesel. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine with 5% neem oil blend was found to be marginally higher than neat diesel operation at all loads indicating better combustion due to dissolved oxygen. However, with further increase in percentage of neem oil, brake thermal efficiency of the engine reduced significantly at higher loads possibly due to increased viscosity of the fuel impinging proper combustion. Brake specific energy consumption happen to be the lowest for 5% neem oil blend at all loads, however with subsequent increase in percentage of neem oil, full load brake specific energy consumption became lower at part loads and higher at full loads as compared to neat diesel operation. Smoke opacity of 5% blend was comparable to baseline data of diesel, but it increased substantially at higher blends. With increase in percentage of neem oil in the test fuel sample the exhaust temperature showed a downward turn reflecting a comparatively improved nitrogen oxides emission tendency and reduced thermal loads. Based on this experimental study, it is envisaged that in rural/agriculture sector of India where neem oil can be available at economical cost, 5% neem oil blend may be a good substitute for mineral diesel which in turn can save considerable amount of forex outflow for equivalent crude oil import.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122023761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00013.8
Vinayak Goel, V. Sharma
{"title":"A Brief Review on Renewable Sources for Biofuel","authors":"Vinayak Goel, V. Sharma","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00013.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125865624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00007.7
R. Varshney, J. Sharma, Pankaj Sharma, Bishnoi R. Narsi
Microalgae can be a good alternative source for wastewater treatment and lipid production owing to their ecofriendly photosynthetic approach. A comparative study was conducted between synthetic media and wastewater in which mixed algal culture (Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris) was grown. In this study, the growth of mixed algal culture and total lipid contents were analysed. Removal efficiency of nitrate, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of mixed algal culture using wastewater as medium was found to be 68.1%, 84.36% and 78%, respectively, and for heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Fe, Cr and Cu, it ranged between 91% and 98%. The lipid content of mixed algal culture was observed to be 7.04%, 10.37% and 16.96% dcw in both synthetic media (BG-11 and BBM) and wastewater. Hence, it can be concluded from this study that synthetic media can be replaced by wastewater for growing mixed algal culture, which in turn can be used for biodiesel production.
{"title":"Potential of Mixed Algal Culture for Lipid Synthesis using Wastewater as a Nutrient Source","authors":"R. Varshney, J. Sharma, Pankaj Sharma, Bishnoi R. Narsi","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00007.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00007.7","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae can be a good alternative source for wastewater treatment and lipid production owing to their ecofriendly photosynthetic approach. A comparative study was conducted between synthetic media and wastewater in which mixed algal culture (Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris) was grown. In this study, the growth of mixed algal culture and total lipid contents were analysed. Removal efficiency of nitrate, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of mixed algal culture using wastewater as medium was found to be 68.1%, 84.36% and 78%, respectively, and for heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Fe, Cr and Cu, it ranged between 91% and 98%. The lipid content of mixed algal culture was observed to be 7.04%, 10.37% and 16.96% dcw in both synthetic media (BG-11 and BBM) and wastewater. Hence, it can be concluded from this study that synthetic media can be replaced by wastewater for growing mixed algal culture, which in turn can be used for biodiesel production.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129347662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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